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Tilgjengelig på 53 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna-prosessen" title="Bologna-prosessen – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bologna-prosessen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognaprocessen" title="Bolognaprocessen – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bolognaprocessen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognaprocessen" title="Bolognaprocessen – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bolognaprocessen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna-Prozess" title="Bologna-Prozess – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bologna-Prozess" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مشروع بولونيا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشروع بولونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesu_de_Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Procesu de Boloña – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Procesu de Boloña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonya_prosesi" title="Bolonya prosesi – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bolonya prosesi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Болонья процесы – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Болонья процесы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Балонскі працэс – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балонскі працэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Балёнскі працэс – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Балёнскі працэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Болонски процес – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Болонски процес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_de_Bolonya" title="Procés de Bolonya – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Procés de Bolonya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo%C5%88sk%C3%BD_proces" title="Boloňský proces – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boloňský proces" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna-Prozess" title="Bologna-Prozess – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bologna-Prozess" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_protsess" title="Bologna protsess – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bologna protsess" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Συμφωνία της Μπολόνια – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συμφωνία της Μπολόνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bologna Process" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_de_Bolonia" title="Proceso de Bolonia – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proceso de Bolonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonja_Procezo" title="Bolonja Procezo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bolonja Procezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boloniako_prozesua" title="Boloniako prozesua – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boloniako prozesua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرایند بولونیا – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرایند بولونیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processus_de_Bologne" title="Processus de Bologne – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Processus de Bologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_de_Bolo%C3%B1a" title="Proceso de Boloña – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Proceso de Boloña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%83%90_%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="볼로냐 과정 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼로냐 과정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%BC%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Բոլոնյան հռչակագիր – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոլոնյան հռչակագիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonjski_proces" title="Bolonjski proces – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bolonjski proces" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_di_Bologna" title="Processo di Bologna – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Processo di Bologna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="הסכם בולוניה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסכם בולוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ბოლონიის პროცესი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოლონიის პროცესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96" title="Болон процессі – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Болон процессі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Болонья процесси – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болонья процесси" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo%C5%86as_process" title="Boloņas process – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Boloņas process" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognai_folyamat" title="Bolognai folyamat – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bolognai folyamat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Болоњска декларација – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Болоњска декларација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognaverklaring" title="Bolognaverklaring – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bolognaverklaring" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9" title="ボローニャ・プロセス – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボローニャ・プロセス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boloniya_jarayoni" title="Boloniya jarayoni – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boloniya jarayoni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proces_bolo%C5%84ski" title="Proces boloński – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proces boloński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_de_Bolonha" title="Processo de Bolonha – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Processo de Bolonha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesul_Bologna" title="Procesul Bologna – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Procesul Bologna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Болонский процесс – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болонский процесс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procesi_i_Bolonj%C3%ABs" title="Procesi i Bolonjës – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Procesi i Bolonjës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonsk%C3%BD_proces" title="Bolonský proces – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bolonský proces" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonjski_proces" title="Bolonjski proces – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bolonjski proces" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Болоњски процес – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Болоњски процес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolonjski_proces" title="Bolonjski proces – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bolonjski proces" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognan_prosessi" title="Bolognan prosessi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bolognan prosessi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_S%C3%BCreci" title="Bologna Süreci – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bologna Süreci" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Болонський процес – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болонський процес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quy_tr%C3%ACnh_Bologna" title="Quy trình Bologna – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quy trình Bologna" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proseso_han_Bologna" title="Proseso han Bologna – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Proseso han Bologna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bologna-Prozess-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bologna-Prozess-Logo.svg/250px-Bologna-Prozess-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bologna-Prozess-Logo.svg/375px-Bologna-Prozess-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bologna-Prozess-Logo.svg/500px-Bologna-Prozess-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>Logo for Bologna-prosessen.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bologna-prosessen</b> er en prosess for standardisering av høyere utdanning i Europa. Den er et samarbeid mellom europeiske utdanningsministre fra 49 land og <a href="/wiki/Europakommisjonen" title="Europakommisjonen">Europakommisjonen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prosessen søker å skape større bevegelse for studenter og lærere mellom de ulike landenes <a href="/wiki/Universitet" title="Universitet">universiteter</a> og <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8yskole" class="mw-redirect" title="Høyskole">høyskoler</a> gjennom å lage sammenlignbare <a href="/wiki/Akademisk_grad" title="Akademisk grad">akademisk grader</a> og sikre kvaliteten og nivået for disse. </p><p>Fra 2010 er Bologna-prosessen også kalt Det europeiske område for høyere utdanning, eller <i>European Higher Education Area</i> (EHEA).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prosessen bygger på landenes frivillige deltagelse og har hittil vært kjennetegnet av stor dynamikk. </p><p>Prosessen har navn etter <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Bologna" title="Universitetet i Bologna">Universitetet i Bologna</a>, som er regnet som et av verdens eldste, fortsatt operative universitet, fra det ble åpnet i 1088.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her startet prosessen da Bologna-deklarasjonen ble undertegnet i 1999, og denne ble utgangspunktet for den videre prosessen. Denne ble undertegnet av 29 europeiske undervisningsministere, og det ble åpnet for at også andre land som hadde sluttet seg til <a href="/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet">Europarådets</a> kulturkonvensjon fra 1954 også kunne slutte seg til Bologna-deklarasjonen. </p><p>I tillegg ble det gjennomført oppfølgingsmøter hvert annet år, i <a href="/wiki/Praha" title="Praha">Praha</a> i 2001, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> i 2003, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> i 2005, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> i 2007 og <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a> i 2009. </p><p>En av de aller viktigste delene av Bologna-prosessen er enigheten om å dele opp høyere utdanning i tre såkalte sykluser.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syklusene kalles ofte <a href="/wiki/Bachelorgrad" title="Bachelorgrad">bachelorgrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mastergrad" title="Mastergrad">mastergrad</a> og <a href="/wiki/Doktorgrad" title="Doktorgrad">doktorgrad</a>. Disse er definert gjennom <a href="/wiki/European_Credit_Transfer_and_Accumulation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System">European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System</a>. </p><p>Ministrene har også blitt enige om å anvende studiepoengsystemet <a href="/wiki/ECTS" class="mw-redirect" title="ECTS">ECTS</a> som en del av Bologna-prosessen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deltakende_land">Deltakende land</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bologna-prosessen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Deltakende land" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bologna-prosessen&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Deltakende land"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bologna_zone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bologna_zone.svg/230px-Bologna_zone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bologna_zone.svg/345px-Bologna_zone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bologna_zone.svg/460px-Bologna_zone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>fra 1999: <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sveits" title="Sveits">Sveits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia">Tsjekkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ungarn" title="Ungarn">Ungarn</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98sterrike" title="Østerrike">Østerrike</a></li> <li>fra 2001: <a href="/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia">Kroatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kypros" class="mw-redirect" title="Kypros">Kypros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a></li> <li>fra 2003: <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Hercegovina" title="Bosnia-Hercegovina">Bosnia-Hercegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_hellige_stol" title="Den hellige stol">Den hellige stol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikken Makedonia">Republikken Makedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li>fra 2005: <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (land)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li>fra mai 2007: <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li>fra 2010: <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>fra mai 2015: <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li>fra 2020: <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li></ul> <p>Så langt er det bare <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> av Europarådets medlemmer som ikke deltar i samarbeidet. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>’ søknad ble først avvist i 2012, da det ble sådd tvil om landets vilje til å støtte opp om akademisk frihet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landet ble imidlertid inkludert fra og med mai 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Kypros" title="Nord-Kypros">Nord-Kypros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> er av ulike, og hovedsakelig formelle årsaker blitt avvist som deltakere i samarbeidet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bologna-prosessen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bologna-prosessen&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehea.info/">«European Higher Education Area and Bologna Process»</a>. <i>www.ehea.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. mars 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ABologna-prosessen&rft.atitle=European+Higher+Education+Area+and+Bologna+Process&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ehea.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehea.info%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kunnskapsdepartementet (6. oktober 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regjeringen.no/nn/dokumenter/prop-1-s-20112012/id657490/">«Prop. 1 S (2011–2012)»</a>. <i>Regjeringa.no</i> (på norsk nynorsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 24. mars 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ABologna-prosessen&rft.atitle=Prop.+1+S+%282011%E2%80%932012%29&rft.au=Kunnskapsdepartementet&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regjeringa.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fnn%2Fdokumenter%2Fprop-1-s-20112012%2Fid657490%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lastampa.it/viaggi/italia/2017/11/13/news/bologna-nell-universita-piu-antica-1.34384494">«Bologna, nell'università più antica - La Stampa»</a>. <i>lastampa.it</i> (på italiensk). 13. november 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 14. november 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ABologna-prosessen&rft.atitle=Bologna%2C+nell%27universit%C3%A0+pi%C3%B9+antica+-+La+Stampa&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lastampa.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lastampa.it%2Fviaggi%2Fitalia%2F2017%2F11%2F13%2Fnews%2Fbologna-nell-universita-piu-antica-1.34384494&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bologna Working Group on Qualifications Frameworks (18. februar 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005034609/http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/Docs/00-Main_doc/050218_QF_EHEA.pdf">«A Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/Docs/00-Main_doc/050218_QF_EHEA.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 5. oktober 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. september 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ABologna-prosessen&rft.au=Bologna+Working+Group+on+Qualifications+Frameworks&rft.btitle=A+Framework+for+Qualifications+of+the+European+Higher+Education+Area&rft.date=2005-02-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bologna-bergen2005.no%2FDocs%2F00-Main_doc%2F050218_QF_EHEA.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/education_training_youth/lifelong_learning/c11088_en.htm">http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/education_training_youth/lifelong_learning/c11088_en.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/no-bologna-for-belarus/74079.aspx">http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/no-bologna-for-belarus/74079.aspx</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222101209/http://www.civicbelarus.eu/?p=667">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civicbelarus.eu/?p=667">originalen</a> 22. desember 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 15. desember 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ABologna-prosessen&rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civicbelarus.eu%2F%3Fp%3D667&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/londonbologna/uploads/documents/BFUG11_7a_applicationstojoinBolognaProcess.doc">Søknader for deltakelse i Bologna-prosessen (engelsk)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081030215326/http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/londonbologna/uploads/documents/BFUG11_7a_applicationstojoinBolognaProcess.doc">Arkivert</a> 30. oktober 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bologna-prosessen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bologna-prosessen&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehea.info">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187073?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bologna_process" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bologna process">Bologna process</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187073?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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