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href=https://gdpr.eu/category/news-updates/ >News & Updates</a></li></ul></nav></div></nav></header><div id=main><div id=primary class="content-area one-column"><div id=content class=site-content><div id=primary class="content-area one-column"><div class=post-main-box><div class="container section-row"><div class=post-detail-box><div class="container "><h1><p>General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)</p></h1><div class=row><div class="col-lg-4 d-none d-xl-block"><div id=sidebar class=gdpr><section><h5><span class="d-lg-inline-block d-md-none">GDPR </span>Table of contents</h5><div class=search-box><form role=search method=get class=search-form action=https://gdpr.eu/ > <input type=search id=search-form-674737d632e21 class=textbox placeholder="Search GDPR..." value name=s> <input type=hidden name=tag value=GDPR> <button type=submit class=button><i class=icon-search></i></button></form></div><ul><li tag-id=10 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 1 (Art. 1 – 4) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-1/ ><strong><p>General provisions</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5141><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-1-subject-matter-and-objectives-overview/ >Art. 1 GDPR – Subject-matter and objectives</a></li><li data-id=5146><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-2-processing-personal-data-by-automated-means-or-by-filling-system/ >Art. 2 GDPR – Material scope</a></li><li data-id=5151><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-3-requirements-of-handling-personal-data-of-subjects-in-the-union/ >Art. 3 GDPR – Territorial scope</a></li><li data-id=5156><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-4-definitions/ >Art. 4 GDPR – Definitions</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=12 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 2 (Art. 5-11) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-2/ ><strong><p>Principles</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5161><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-5-how-to-process-personal-data/ >Art. 5 GDPR – Principles relating to processing of personal data</a></li><li data-id=5166><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-6-how-to-process-personal-data-legally/ >Art. 6 GDPR – Lawfulness of processing</a></li><li data-id=5171><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-7-how-to-get-consent-to-collect-personal-data/ >Art. 7 GDPR – Conditions for consent</a></li><li data-id=5176><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-8-childs-consent/ >Art. 8 GDPR – Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services</a></li><li data-id=5181><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-9-processing-special-categories-of-personal-data-prohibited/ >Art. 9 GDPR – Processing of special categories of personal data</a></li><li data-id=5186><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-10-personal-data-relating-to-criminal-convictions-and-offences/ >Art. 10 GDPR – Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences</a></li><li data-id=5191><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-11-what-personal-data-can-a-controller-process-without-identification/ >Art. 11 GDPR – Processing which does not require identification</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=13 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 3 (Art. 12-23) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-3/ ><strong><p>Rights of the data subject</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5196><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-12-how-controllers-should-provide-personal-data-to-the-subject/ >Art. 12 GDPR – Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5201><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-13-personal-data-collected/ >Art. 13 GDPR – Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5206><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-14-personal-data-not-obtained-from-data-subject/ >Art. 14 GDPR – Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5211><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-15-right-of-access/ >Art. 15 GDPR – Right of access by the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5216><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-16-right-to-rectification/ >Art. 16 GDPR – Right to rectification</a></li><li data-id=5221><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-17-right-to-be-forgotten/ >Art. 17 GDPR – Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)</a></li><li data-id=5226><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-18-right-to-restriction-of-processing/ >Art. 18 GDPR – Right to restriction of processing</a></li><li data-id=5231><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-19-notification-obligation/ >Art. 19 GDPR – Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing</a></li><li data-id=5236><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-20-right-to-data-portability/ >Art. 20 GDPR – Right to data portability</a></li><li data-id=5241><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-21-right-to-object/ >Art. 21 GDPR – Right to object</a></li><li data-id=5246><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-22-automated-individual-decision-making/ >Art. 22 GDPR – Automated individual decision-making, including profiling</a></li><li data-id=5251><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-23-restrictions/ >Art. 23 GDPR – Restrictions</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=14 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 4 (Art. 24-43) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-4/ ><strong><p>Controller and processor</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5256><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-24-responsibility-of-the-data-controller/ >Art. 24 GDPR – Responsibility of the controller</a></li><li data-id=5261><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-25-data-protection-by-design/ >Art. 25 GDPR – Data protection by design and by default</a></li><li data-id=5266><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-26-joint-controllers/ >Art. 26 GDPR – Joint controllers</a></li><li data-id=5271><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-27-representatives-of-controllers-not-in-union/ >Art. 27 GDPR – Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union</a></li><li data-id=5276><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-28-processor/ >Art. 28 GDPR – Processor</a></li><li data-id=5281><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-29-processing-under-controller-or-processor/ >Art. 29 GDPR – Processing under the authority of the controller or processor</a></li><li data-id=5286><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-30-records-of-processing-activities/ >Art. 30 GDPR – Records of processing activities</a></li><li data-id=5291><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-31-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 31 GDPR – Cooperation with the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5296><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-32-security-of-processing/ >Art. 32 GDPR – Security of processing</a></li><li data-id=5301><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-33-notification-of-a-personal-data-breach/ >Art. 33 GDPR – Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5306><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-34-communication-of-a-personal-data-breach/ >Art. 34 GDPR – Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5311><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-35-impact-assessment/ >Art. 35 GDPR – Data protection impact assessment</a></li><li data-id=5316><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-36-supervisory-authority-consultation/ >Art. 36 GDPR – Prior consultation</a></li><li data-id=5321><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-37-designation-of-the-data-protection-officer/ >Art. 37 GDPR – Designation of the data protection officer</a></li><li data-id=5326><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-38-data-protection-officer/ >Art. 38 GDPR – Position of the data protection officer</a></li><li data-id=5331><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-39-tasks-of-the-data-protection-officer/ >Art. 39 GDPR – Tasks of the data protection officer</a></li><li data-id=5336><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-40-proper-application-of-the-regulation/ >Art. 40 GDPR – Codes of conduct</a></li><li data-id=5341><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-41-approved-code-of-conduct/ >Art. 41 GDPR – Monitoring of approved codes of conduct</a></li><li data-id=5346><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-42-data-protection-certification/ >Art. 42 GDPR – Certification</a></li><li data-id=5351><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-43-certification-bodies/ >Art. 43 GDPR – Certification bodies</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=15 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 5 (Art. 44-50) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-5/ ><strong><p>Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5356><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-44-transfer-of-personal-data/ >Art. 44 GDPR – General principle for transfers</a></li><li data-id=5361><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-45-adequacy-decision-personal-data-transfer/ >Art. 45 GDPR – Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision</a></li><li data-id=5366><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-46-appropriate-safeguards-personal-data-transfers/ >Art. 46 GDPR – Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards</a></li><li data-id=5371><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-47-binding-corporate-rules/ >Art. 47 GDPR – Binding corporate rules</a></li><li data-id=5376><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-48-unauthorized-transfers-or-disclosures-of-personal-data/ >Art. 48 GDPR – Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law</a></li><li data-id=5381><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-49-when-can-personal-data-be-transfered/ >Art. 49 GDPR – Derogations for specific situations</a></li><li data-id=5386><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-50-countries-outside-of-europe-cooperation/ >Art. 50 GDPR – International cooperation for the protection of personal data</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=16 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 6 (Art. 51-59) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-6/ ><strong><p>Independent supervisory authorities</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5391><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-51-supervisory-authority-monitoring-application-of-regulation/ >Art. 51 GDPR – Supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5396><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-52-supervisory-authority-independence/ >Art. 52 GDPR – Independence</a></li><li data-id=5401><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-53-conditions-of-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 53 GDPR – General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5406><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-54-rules-on-the-establishment-of-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 54 GDPR – Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5411><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-55-supervisory-authority-competence/ >Art. 55 GDPR – Competence</a></li><li data-id=5416><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-56-lead-supervisory-authority-competence/ >Art. 56 GDPR – Competence of the lead supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5421><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-57-supervisory-authority-tasks/ >Art. 57 GDPR – Tasks</a></li><li data-id=5426><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-58-supervisory-authority-investigative-powers/ >Art. 58 GDPR – Powers</a></li><li data-id=5431><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-59-supervisory-authority-activity-reports/ >Art. 59 GDPR – Activity reports</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=17 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 7 (Art. 60-76) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-7/ ><strong><p>Cooperation and consistency</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5466><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-66-urgent-need-determined-by-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 66 GDPR – Urgency procedure</a></li><li data-id=5471><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-67-exchange-of-information-between-supervisory-authorities-and-board/ >Art. 67 GDPR – Exchange of information</a></li><li data-id=5461><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-65-dispute-resolution-by-the-board/ ></a></li><li data-id=5456><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-64-opinion-issued-by-the-board/ >Art. 64 GDPR – Opinion of the Board</a></li><li data-id=5446><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-62-joint-operations-of-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 62 GDPR – Joint operations of supervisory authorities</a></li><li data-id=5441><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-61-supervisory-authority-mutual-assistance/ >Art. 61 GDPR – Mutual assistance</a></li><li data-id=5451><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-63-supervisory-authority-consistency-mechanism/ >Art. 63 GDPR – Consistency mechanism</a></li><li data-id=5436><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-60-lead-supervisory-authority-and-other-authority-cooperation/ >Art. 60 GDPR – Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned</a></li><li data-id=5476><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-68-what-is-the-european-data-protection-board/ >Art. 68 GDPR – European Data Protection Board</a></li><li data-id=5481><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-69-data-protection-board-independence/ >Art. 69 GDPR – Independence</a></li><li data-id=5486><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-70-tasks-of-the-data-protection-board/ >Art. 70 GDPR – Tasks of the Board</a></li><li data-id=5491><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-71-data-protection-board-annual-reports/ >Art. 71 GDPR – Reports</a></li><li data-id=5496><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-72-data-protection-board-procedure-simple-majority-and-two-thirds-majority/ >Art. 72 GDPR – Procedure</a></li><li data-id=5501><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-73-data-protection-board-chair-and-deputy-chair/ >Art. 73 GDPR – Chair</a></li><li data-id=5506><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-74-tasks-of-the-data-protection-board-chair/ >Art. 74 GDPR – Tasks of the Chair</a></li><li data-id=5511><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-75-data-protection-board-secretariat/ >Art. 75 GDPR – Secretariat</a></li><li data-id=5516><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-76-data-protection-board-confidentiality/ >Art. 76 GDPR – Confidentiality</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=19 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 8 (Art. 77-84) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-8/ ><strong><p>Remedies, liability and penalties</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5541><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-81-suspension-of-duplicate-proceedings/ >Art. 81 GDPR – Suspension of proceedings</a></li><li data-id=5521><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-77-data-subjects-right-to-lodge-a-complaint/ >Art. 77 GDPR – Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5526><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-78-judicial-remedy-against-a-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 78 GDPR – Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5531><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-79-judicial-remedy-against-a-controller-or-processor/ >Art. 79 GDPR – Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor</a></li><li data-id=5536><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-80-representation-of-data-subjects/ >Art. 80 GDPR – Representation of data subjects</a></li><li data-id=5546><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-82-data-subjects-right-to-compensation-and-liability/ >Art. 82 GDPR – Right to compensation and liability</a></li><li data-id=5551><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-83-conditions-for-imposing-administrative-fines/ >Art. 83 GDPR – General conditions for imposing administrative fines</a></li><li data-id=5556><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-84-member-state-penalties/ >Art. 84 GDPR – Penalties</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=20 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 9 (Art. 85-91) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-9/ ><strong><p>Provisions relating to specific processing situations</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5561><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-85-right-to-freedom-of-expression-and-information/ >Art. 85 GDPR – Processing and freedom of expression and information</a></li><li data-id=5566><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-86-personal-data-in-official-documents/ >Art. 86 GDPR – Processing and public access to official documents</a></li><li data-id=5571><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-87-processing-of-the-national-identification-number/ >Art. 87 GDPR – Processing of the national identification number</a></li><li data-id=5576><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-88-processing-of-employees-personal-data/ >Art. 88 GDPR – Processing in the context of employment</a></li><li data-id=5581><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-89-processing-for-archiving-purposes-scientific-or-historical-research-purposes-or-statistical-purposes/ >Art. 89 GDPR – Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes</a></li><li data-id=5586><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-90-supervisory-authority-obligations-of-secrecy/ >Art. 90 GDPR – Obligations of secrecy</a></li><li data-id=5591><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-91-data-protection-rules-of-churches-and-religious-associations/ >Art. 91 GDPR – Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=21 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 10 (Art. 92-93) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-10/ ><strong><p>Delegated acts and implementing acts</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5596><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-92-the-power-to-adopt-delegated-acts/ >Art. 92 GDPR – Exercise of the delegation</a></li><li data-id=5601><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-93-committed-to-assist-the-commission/ >Art. 93 GDPR – Committee procedure</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=22 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 11 (Art. 94-99) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-11/ ><strong><p>Final provisions</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5606><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-94-directive-95-46-ec-repealed/ >Art. 94 GDPR – Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC</a></li><li data-id=5611><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-95-publicly-available-electronic-communication/ >Art. 95 GDPR – Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC</a></li><li data-id=5616><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-96-international-agreements/ >Art. 96 GDPR – Relationship with previously concluded Agreements</a></li><li data-id=5621><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-97-commission-reports/ >Art. 97 GDPR – Commission reports</a></li><li data-id=5626><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-98-review-of-other-acts-on-data-protection/ >Art. 98 GDPR – Review of other Union legal acts on data protection</a></li><li data-id=5631><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-99-start-date/ >Art. 99 GDPR – Entry into force and application</a></li></ul></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="col-xl-8 col-lg-12 single-content"><div class=gdpr-article data-id=5276> <span class=tag>14</span><span class=tag>11</span><h1 class="gdpr"><em>Art. 28 GDPR </em><strong>Processor</strong></h1><ol><li>Where processing is to be carried out on behalf of a controller, the controller shall use only processors providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures in such a manner that processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation and ensure the protection of the rights of the data subject.</li><li>The processor shall not engage another processor without prior specific or general written authorisation of the controller. In the case of general written authorisation, the processor shall inform the controller of any intended changes concerning the addition or replacement of other processors, thereby giving the controller the opportunity to object to such changes.</li><li>Processing by a processor shall be governed by a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, that is binding on the processor with regard to the controller and that sets out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purpose of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects and the obligations and rights of the controller. That contract or other legal act shall stipulate, in particular, that the processor:<ol><li style="list-style-type: none;"><ol><li style="list-style-type: none;"><ol><li style="list-style-type: none;"><ol><li>processes the personal data only on documented instructions from the controller, including with regard to transfers of personal data to a third country or an international organisation, unless required to do so by Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject; in such a case, the processor shall inform the controller of that legal requirement before processing, unless that law prohibits such information on important grounds of public interest;</li><li>ensures that persons authorised to process the personal data have committed themselves to confidentiality or are under an appropriate statutory obligation of confidentiality;</li><li>takes all measures required pursuant to <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-32-security-of-processing>Article 32</a>;</li><li>respects the conditions referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 for engaging another processor;</li><li>taking into account the nature of the processing, assists the controller by appropriate technical and organisational measures, insofar as this is possible, for the fulfilment of the controller’s obligation to respond to requests for exercising the data subject’s rights laid down in <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-3/ >Chapter III;</a></li><li>assists the controller in ensuring compliance with the obligations pursuant to <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-32-security-of-processing>Articles 32</a> to <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-36-supervisory-authority-consultation>36</a> taking into account the nature of processing and the information available to the processor;</li><li>at the choice of the controller, deletes or returns all the personal data to the controller after the end of the provision of services relating to processing, and deletes existing copies unless Union or Member State law requires storage of the personal data;</li><li>makes available to the controller all information necessary to demonstrate compliance with the obligations laid down in this Article and allow for and contribute to audits, including inspections, conducted by the controller or another auditor mandated by the controller.</li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol><p>With regard to point (h) of the first subparagraph, the processor shall immediately inform the controller if, in its opinion, an instruction infringes this Regulation or other Union or Member State data protection provisions.</li><li>Where a processor engages another processor for carrying out specific processing activities on behalf of the controller, the same data protection obligations as set out in the contract or other legal act between the controller and the processor as referred to in paragraph 3 shall be imposed on that other processor by way of a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, in particular providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures in such a manner that the processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation. Where that other processor fails to fulfil its data protection obligations, the initial processor shall remain fully liable to the controller for the performance of that other processor’s obligations.</li><li>Adherence of a processor to an approved code of conduct as referred to in <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-40-proper-application-of-the-regulation>Article 40</a> or an approved certification mechanism as referred to in <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-42-data-protection-certification>Article 42</a> may be used as an element by which to demonstrate sufficient guarantees as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 4 of this Article.</li><li>Without prejudice to an individual contract between the controller and the processor, the contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article may be based, in whole or in part, on standard contractual clauses referred to in paragraphs 7 and 8 of this Article, including when they are part of a certification granted to the controller or processor pursuant to <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-42-data-protection-certification>Articles 42 </a>and <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-43-certification-bodies>43</a>.</li><li>The Commission may lay down standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-93-committed-to-assist-the-commission>Article 93</a>(2).</li><li>A supervisory authority may adopt standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the consistency mechanism referred to in <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-63-supervisory-authority-consistency-mechanism>Article 63</a>.</li><li>The contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be in writing, including in electronic form.</li><li>Without prejudice to <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-82-data-subjects-right-to-compensation-and-liability>Articles 82</a>, <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-83-conditions-for-imposing-administrative-fines>83</a> and <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-84-member-state-penalties>84</a>, if a processor infringes this Regulation by determining the purposes and means of processing, the processor shall be considered to be a controller in respect of that processing.</li></ol><div class=suitable-recitals><h2>Suitable Recitals</h2><p><br> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/Recital-81-The-use-of-processors>(<span class=bold-number>81</span>) The use of processors</a></p></div><div class=page-navigation><div class=alignleft><a title="Art. 27 GDPR - Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union" href=https://gdpr.eu/article-27-representatives-of-controllers-not-in-union><span class=previous-page>←</span>Art. 27 GDPR</a></div><div class=alignright><a title="Art. 29 GDPR - Processing under the authority of the controller or processor" href=https://gdpr.eu/article-29-processing-under-controller-or-processor>Art. 29 GDPR<span class=next-page>→</span></a></div></div><p></p><div class=rp4wp-related-posts><h3>Related Posts</h3><ul><li><div class=rp4wp-related-post-content> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-42-data-protection-certification/ >Art. 42 GDPR - Certification</a></div></li><li><div class=rp4wp-related-post-content> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-43-certification-bodies/ >Art. 43 GDPR - Certification bodies</a></div></li><li><div class=rp4wp-related-post-content> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-73-data-protection-board-chair-and-deputy-chair/ >Art. 73 GDPR - Chair</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer id=footer><div class=container><div class=post-author-details-box><div class=post-author-details><h6>About GDPR.EU</h6><p> </p><p>GDPR.EU is a website operated by Proton Technologies AG, which is co-funded by Project REP-791727-1 of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. 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