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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Archduchess Louise of Austria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لويز النمساوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويز النمساوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_Habsburg-Toskana" title="Luise Habsburg-Toskana – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Luise Habsburg-Toskana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu%C3%AFsa_d%27%C3%80ustria-Toscana" title="Lluïsa d'Àustria-Toscana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluïsa d'Àustria-Toscana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisa_Tosk%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1" title="Luisa Toskánská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Luisa Toskánská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_af_Toscana" title="Louise af Toscana – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Louise af Toscana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana" title="Luise von Österreich-Toskana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luise von Österreich-Toskana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82,_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λουίζα της Αυστρίας, πριγκίπισσα της Σαξονίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουίζα της Αυστρίας, πριγκίπισσα της Σαξονίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisa_de_Austria-Toscana" title="Luisa de Austria-Toscana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luisa de Austria-Toscana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise-Antoinette_de_Habsbourg-Toscane" title="Louise-Antoinette de Habsbourg-Toscane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louise-Antoinette de Habsbourg-Toscane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisa_d%27Asburgo-Lorena" title="Luisa d'Asburgo-Lorena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luisa d'Asburgo-Lorena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%94,_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="לואיזה, ארכידוכסית אוסטריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואיזה, ארכידוכסית אוסטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg%E2%80%93Toscanai_Lujza_Antonietta_f%C5%91hercegn%C5%91" title="Habsburg–Toscanai Lujza Antonietta főhercegnő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Habsburg–Toscanai Lujza Antonietta főhercegnő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_van_Habsburg-Lotharingen" title="Louise van Habsburg-Lotharingen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Louise van Habsburg-Lotharingen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%92%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A" title="ルイーゼ・フォン・エスターライヒ＝トスカーナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイーゼ・フォン・エスターライヒ＝トスカーナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiza_Habsburg-Lotary%C5%84ska" title="Luiza Habsburg-Lotaryńska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Luiza Habsburg-Lotaryńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_da_Toscana" title="Luísa da Toscana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luísa da Toscana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhiducesa_Louise_de_Austria" title="Arhiducesa Louise de Austria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhiducesa Louise de Austria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Луиза Австрийская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луиза Австрийская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_av_%C3%96sterrike-Toscana" title="Luise av Österrike-Toscana – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luise av Österrike-Toscana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%B2" title="奧地利-托斯卡納的路易絲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奧地利-托斯卡納的路易絲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Crown Princess of Saxony (1870-1947)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Luise of Austria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Crown Princess of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a><br />Countess of Montignoso</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Luise,_Erzherzogin_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Luise%2C_Erzherzogin_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana.jpg/220px-Luise%2C_Erzherzogin_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Luise%2C_Erzherzogin_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana.jpg/330px-Luise%2C_Erzherzogin_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Luise%2C_Erzherzogin_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana.jpg/440px-Luise%2C_Erzherzogin_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Photograph, late 1890s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1870-09-02</span>)</span>2 September 1870<br /><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 1947<span style="display:none">(1947-03-23)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_III_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus III of Saxony">Frederick Augustus III of Saxony</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="21 November 1891">1891</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1903)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Toselli" title="Enrico Toselli">Enrico Toselli</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="25 September1907">1907</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1912)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg,_Crown_Prince_of_Saxony" title="Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony">Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Christian,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen">Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ernst_Heinrich_of_Saxony" title="Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony">Prince Ernst Heinrich</a></li> <li>Princess Maria Alix Karola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarete_Karola_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margarete Karola of Saxony">Margarete Karola, Princess of Hohenzollern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Alix_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Alix of Saxony">Maria Alix Luitpolda, Princess of Hohenzollern-Emden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anna_of_Saxony_(1903%E2%80%931976)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anna of Saxony (1903–1976)">Anna Monika Pia, Archduchess of Austria</a></li> <li>Carlo Emmanuele Toselli</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Luise Antoinette Maria Theresia Josepha Johanna Leopoldine Caroline Ferdinande Alice Ernestine</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_Bourbon-Parma_(born_1849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma (born 1849)">Alice of Bourbon-Parma</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Archduchess Louise of Austria</b> (2 September 1870, in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> – 23 March 1947, in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>) was by marriage Crown Princess of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a> as the wife of the future King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_III_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus III of Saxony">Frederick Augustus III</a>. </p><p>Louise was born in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> to the exiled Grand Duke of Tuscany and his second wife, Alice grew up in a relatively informal household. At the age of seventeen she began to attract suitors, but ended up choosing the crown prince of Saxony, Frederick Augustus, and they married in 1891. </p><p>Upon arriving in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, she soon found herself despising the strict and overbearing rules of Saxon court life, which brought her into conflicts with her Wettin in-laws. However, Louise was not infertile and gave birth to six children in eleven years, five surviving, which increased her popularity among the Saxon people. Her unhappiness with her husband caused her to have affairs, and her father-in-law threatened to lock her up in an asylum. Whilst pregnant with her sixth child, Maria Alix, she fled Dresden to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, where her brother was meeting her. This scandal was extremely damaging to the Saxon royal family, since they were very devout Catholics. </p><p>The Saxon king dissolved their union in 1903 and a year later, she was barred from returning to Saxony. She first lived with her lover, giving birth to a daughter who was officially the daughter of Frederick, until late 1903 when they separated. In 1907, Louise married again to the Italian musician, <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Toselli" title="Enrico Toselli">Enrico Toselli</a> but this union only produced one child and they divorced in 1912. Following this, she relied on the charity of her wealthy Habsburg family, but when <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> collapsed in 1918 Louise lost this income and largely fell into poverty. She died as a flower seller in 1947. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_Princess_of_Saxony">Crown Princess of Saxony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crown Princess of Saxony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louise was born on 2 September 1870,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second child of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand IV, the last Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> and his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_Parma_(1849%E2%80%931935)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Alice of Parma (1849–1935)">Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma</a>. Through her mother, she was a great-great-granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a>. </p><p>At 17 she attracted the attention of potential suitors, among them <a href="/wiki/Prince_Pedro_Augusto_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Pedro Augusto of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Pedro Augusto of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> (grandson of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II of Brazil</a>) or Prince <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand of Bulgaria</a>, but none appealed to her. In the summer of 1887 at <a href="/wiki/Pillnitz_Castle" title="Pillnitz Castle">Pillnitz Castle</a> she met Prince <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_III_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus III of Saxony">Frederick Augustus of Saxony</a> (eldest son of Prince <a href="/wiki/George,_King_of_Saxony" title="George, King of Saxony">George</a>, who became king of Saxony in June 1902). They married at <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> on 21 November 1891, in a lavish ceremony which cost the groom the sum of 20,000 marks. In return, Louise fulfilled her royal duties, and bore him six children; however, she did not follow <a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a> at the strict Dresden court, which resulted in arguments with her father-in-law, the Interior Minister Georg von Metzsch-Reichenbach, and her sister-in-law Princess <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mathilde_of_Saxony_(1863%E2%80%931933)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Mathilde of Saxony (1863–1933)">Mathilde</a>. </p><p>As her popularity among the people by far exceeded that of the rest of the Saxon Royal Family, they made her life difficult with big and small intrigues. Soon rumors began to circulate that Louise had had an affair with a dentist named O'Brian and with her children's French tutor, André Giron. In desperation, she sent a telegram to Giron, which was intercepted by the secret police and it turned out that she had actually begun an affair with him. This was discussed by her biographer Erika Bestenreiner, who described the French tutor as a slender black-haired man with a small dark mustache, of a lively nature, with perfect manners and good taste in clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandal">Scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Threatened by her father-in-law with being interned in a mental asylum at the <a href="/wiki/Sonnenstein_Castle" title="Sonnenstein Castle">Sonnenstein Castle</a> for life, on 9 December 1902 and with the help of two of her maids, sisters Sidonie and Maria Beeger – daughters of the royal court architect Eduard Beeger – Louise (pregnant with her seventh child) fled from <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, where André Giron was waiting for her. At first, in the Saxon court, it was believed that this trip was for recreation, but she had arranged to meet her elder brother <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria</a>, who had begun a liaison with (and shortly after married) Wilhelmine Adamović,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Prostitute" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitute">prostitute</a> and daughter of a postman. Three days after their arrival, the Beeger sisters left <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>. In the meantime, André Giron (who was with Louise's brother) contacted a notary in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> to lay a false trail to the Belgian capital. However, the siblings were identified at Geneva a few days later.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The escape of the Crown Princess of Saxony was the first scandal of the German nobility in the 20th century, especially hurtful for the staunchly Catholic Saxon Royal Family. The conservative Baroness Hildegard von Spitzemberg noted in her diary: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"They were all met as we of the horrific scandals at the Saxon court, which were of unparalleled repulsiveness! Five children, a husband, a throne: leave all that at the age of 32 years to elope being expecting by the tutor of these children - it's downright dreadful!... Thus, when royal women forget themselves and all else considered decent, noble and catholic, they then forfeit the very right of existence."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Hermione_von_Preuschen" title="Hermione von Preuschen">Hermione von Preuschen</a>, on the other hand, answered the “Louise Question” put to several women writers by the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Wiener_Journal" class="extiw" title="de:Neues Wiener Journal">Neues Wiener Journal</a> as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"[...] first I was, like a teen-aged girl, full of jubilation that there is such a thing, such a great love that can trample throne and children, past and future in the dust, in order to chase after its star. It was an intoxication in me, a triumph - so yes! Throw down the glove to all convention, to all 'good manners' in pursuit of what one recognizes as the highest in one's nature – great passion. And then, with the transformation, with the 'remorse', an astonishment, a pity - that that too flew and shriveled and became small, like almost everything human. The disillusionment, the hangover - the morale! And what the good Philistines praise, the penitent Louise, I could weep for her."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Alice_Gurschner" title="Alice Gurschner">Alice Gurschner</a> said simply: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Betrayed husbands, bad mothers and wives who envied you for Giron reviled you loudest."</p></blockquote> <p>Without consulting his son, King George of Saxony officially declared the civil divorce of the Crown Princely couple on 11 February 1903 by a special court, which he had set up on 31 December 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One year later, on 15 October 1904, the Saxon monarch died after forcing his son, the new King Frederick Augustus III, to bar her from returning to the Dresden court. In Geneva, the former Crown Princess led a happy life and even dared to show up with her lover in public, but unexpectedly a few days before the divorce was declared she separated from Giron for unknown reasons. </p><p>The paternity of her daughter Anna Monika Pia, born on 4 May 1903 at <a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a> remained unclear. The Saxon court sent the director of the Dresden maternity hospital, Dr. Leopold, to Lindau to examine her and establish her true parentage. Due to her physical appearance and the bright colour of eyes and hair, he declared that the Crown Prince was her father, but refused to admit further medical opinions. She was therefore recognized by Frederick Augustus as his own. King George gave Louise an allowance and granted her the title of <b>Countess of <a href="/wiki/Montignoso" title="Montignoso">Montignoso</a></b> (in allusion of her Tuscan ascendancy) on 13 July 1903; in turn, he demanded that Anna Monika Pia be sent to Dresden to be raised with the other royal children, but Louise adamantly refused.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louise lived firstly at Ramo Castle near Lyon, then in 1903 at <a href="/wiki/Ventnor" title="Ventnor">Ventnor</a> Castle on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>. In 1904 she and her family moved to the Bourbon-Parma family seat of Wartegg Castle on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>, and later to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 December 1904 she tried to see her older children at the Dresden <a href="/wiki/Taschenbergpalais" title="Taschenbergpalais">Taschenbergpalais</a>, but her attempts were unsuccessful because the police had surrounded the building. Later, she traveled in the company of her new lover, Conte Carlo Guicciardi, who lived separately from his wife but was still married. </p><p>Both Louise and her lover thought to return 2-year-old Anna Monika Pia to the Saxon court, but after an increase of the child's allowance from 30,000 to 40,000 marks was negotiated Louise changed her mind and refused to send her daughter to Dresden.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> on 25 September 1907 Louise married the Italian musician <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Toselli" title="Enrico Toselli">Enrico Toselli</a>, 12 years younger than she. They had one son, Carlo Emmanuele Filiberto, born on 7 May 1908. Shortly after her wedding (26 October 1907), King Frederick Augustus III finally located Anna Monika Pia, who was sent to Dresden to live with her siblings and be raised as a member of the Saxon royal house. In 1908 Louise separated from Toselli, and they divorced in 1912; their son remained with his father.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luise_von_Toskana_as_Marie-Antoinette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luise_von_Toskana_as_Marie-Antoinette.jpg/175px-Luise_von_Toskana_as_Marie-Antoinette.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luise_von_Toskana_as_Marie-Antoinette.jpg/263px-Luise_von_Toskana_as_Marie-Antoinette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luise_von_Toskana_as_Marie-Antoinette.jpg/350px-Luise_von_Toskana_as_Marie-Antoinette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption>Luise as <a href="/wiki/Marie-Antoinette" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Antoinette">Marie-Antoinette</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1911, Louise broke her silence and published a memoir blaming her disgrace on her late father-in-law and Saxon politicians, who she claimed feared that, when she became queen, she would use her influence to dismiss them from office. Throughout the book, <i>My Own Story</i>, she claimed that her popularity exceeded that of her father-in-law, King George of Saxony, and her husband, the future king. Louise implied that her popularity had alienated her from the royal family and politicians. She was indeed popular with the Saxon people. She ascribed her popularity to her insistence on ignoring the etiquette of the Saxon court and, perhaps to cast herself as a victim, compared herself with her Habsburg relative, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, who disliked court rituals at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a> and, like Louise, had avoided the noble courtiers who depended on those rituals to affirm their places at court. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> collapsed in 1918, Louise called herself "<i>Antoinette Maria, Comtesse d'Ysette</i>"; after some time in <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a> with her uncle <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria">Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria</a>, she moved to Brussels, where she initially lived in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Ixelles" title="Ixelles">Ixelles</a>. Stripped of her imperial titles and dignities after her second marriage, she could no longer bear the surname of Habsburg. After the German invasion ended the little support that she received from some relatives, she suddenly became penniless. She died in poverty as a flower seller on 23 March 1947. Her urn was deposited in the Hedingen monastery in <a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen" title="Sigmaringen">Sigmaringen</a>, the burial place of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a>, where a number of her children are buried nearby, including her son Prince Ernst Heinrich. Her estate is found in the Central State Archive of Dresden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Children">Children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From first marriage: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg,_Crown_Prince_of_Saxony" title="Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony">Friedrich August Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony</a> (15 January 1893 – 14 May 1943). A priest, he renounced his rights in 1923.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Christian,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen">Friedrich Christian</a> (31 December 1893 – 9 August 1968). Married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_Helene_of_Thurn_and_Taxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis">Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis</a> and had issue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ernst_Heinrich_of_Saxony" title="Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony">Ernst Heinrich</a> (9 December 1896 – 14 June 1971). Married first <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Luxembourg" title="Princess Sophie of Luxembourg">Princess Sophie of Luxembourg</a> and second Virginia Dulon (1910–2002) in 1947 (morganatically). Had issue with Sophie.</li> <li>Maria Alix Karola (stillborn 22 August 1898).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarete_Karola_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margarete Karola of Saxony">Margarete Karola Wilhelmine Viktoria Adelheid Albertine Petrusa Bertram Paula</a> (24 January 1900 – 16 October 1962). Married <a href="/wiki/Friedrich,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern">Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Alix_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Alix of Saxony">Maria Alix Luitpolda Anna Henriette Germana Agnes Damiana Michaela</a> (27 September 1901 – 11 December 1990). Married <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_Prinz_von_Hohenzollern-Emden" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Joseph Prinz von Hohenzollern-Emden">Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anna_of_Saxony_(1903%E2%80%931976)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anna of Saxony (1903–1976)">Anna Monika Pia</a> (4 May 1903 – 8 February 1976). Married firstly <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph_Francis_of_Austria" title="Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria">Joseph Franz, Archduke of Austria</a> and secondly Reginald Kazanjian.</li></ul> <p>From second marriage: </p> <ul><li>Carlo Emmanuele Filiberto Toselli (7 May 1908 – 24 July 1969).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>: Dame of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Starry_Cross" title="Order of the Starry Cross">Order of the Starry Cross</a>, 1st Class<sup id="cite_ref-HofUndStaat_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HofUndStaat-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Spain</a></span>: Dame of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Queen_Maria_Luisa" title="Order of Queen Maria Luisa">Order of Queen Maria Luisa</a>, <i>12 November 1891</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Archduchess Louise of Austria</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francis I of the Two Sicilies</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonia_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Isabella_of_Spain" title="María Isabella of Spain">Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Archduchess Louise of Austria</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Charles II, Duke of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III, Duke of Parma</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_Savoy_(1803%E2%80%931879)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803–1879)">Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_Bourbon-Parma_(1849%E2%80%931935)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma (1849–1935)">Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Louise of Artois">Princess Louise of Artois</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Caroline_of_Naples_and_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily">Princess Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luise von Toscana: <i>Mein Leben</i>, ed. Ueberreuter Wien.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Seydel: <i>Die Seitensprünge der Habsburger</i>, pp. 144–145, Ueberreuterverlag Wien.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tobias Becker: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/spiegelgeschichte/d-67892046.html"><i>Baden ohne Hose</i></a>, Der Spiegel, June 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Seydel: <i>Die Seitensprünge der Habsburger</i>, pp. 145–146, Ueberreuterverlag Wien.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">entry of 27 December 1902 in: Diary (ed. Rudolf Vierhaus ), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1960, p. 424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?apm=0&aid=nwj&datum=19030412&seite=6 f."><i>Die Louisen-Frage. Ein psychologisches Problem</i></a>. In: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neues_Wiener_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neues Wiener Journal (page does not exist)">Neues Wiener Journal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Wiener_Journal" class="extiw" title="de:Neues Wiener Journal">de</a>]</span></i>, 12 April 1903, p. 6 f. (Online at <a href="/wiki/Anno_(Austrian_Newspapers_Online)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno (Austrian Newspapers Online)">ANNO</a>)<span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ANNO/Maintenance/nwj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:ANNO/Maintenance/nwj (page does not exist)">Template:ANNO/Maintenance/nwj</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolf Mothes: <i>Lebenserinnerungen eines Leipziger Juristen</i>, vol. A, 183p., Archives of Leipzig, according to the website of Klaus Schmiedel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quelle-optimal.de/pdf/rudolf_mothes_erinnerungen_teil_a_ohne_anm_pdf.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319102914/http://www.quelle-optimal.de/pdf/rudolf_mothes_erinnerungen_teil_a_ohne_anm_pdf.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-03-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> [retrieved 30 September 2016].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Seydel: <i>Die Seitensprünge der Habsburger</i>, pp. 149–152, Ueberreuterverlag Wien.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.org/Meyers-1905/A/Luise">Luise Antoinette Maria von Toskana at zeno.org</a> [retrieved 30 September 2016].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Seydel: <i>Die Seitensprünge der Habsburger</i>, pp. 151–152, Ueberreuterverlag Wien.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Seydel: <i>Die Seitensprünge der Habsburger</i>, p. 152, Ueberreuterverlag Wien</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HofUndStaat-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HofUndStaat_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1903&page=11&size=45">Hof- und Staats-Handbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie</a></i> (1903), Genealogy p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000983518&search=&lang=es">"Real orden de Damas Nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa"</a>, <i>Guía Oficial de España</i> (in Spanish), 1903, p. 184<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Real+orden+de+Damas+Nobles+de+la+Reina+Maria+Luisa&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%ADa+Oficial+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pages=184&rft.date=1903&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemerotecadigital.bne.es%2Fissue.vm%3Fid%3D0000983518%26search%3D%26lang%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchduchess+Louise+of+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Almanach de Gotha. Annuaire généalogique diplomatique et statistique</i>, Dieterich u. a., Gotha 1.1764 - 181.1944 (editions 1887 and 1931)</li> <li>Louisa of Tuscany: <i>My Own Story</i>, Eveleigh Nash, London 1911.</li> <li>Luise von Österreich-Toskana: <i>Mein Lebensweg</i>, ed. Kunst, Dresden 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-86530-047-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-86530-047-2">3-86530-047-2</a></li> <li>Erika Bestenreiner: <i>Luise von Toskana. Skandal am Königshof</i>, Piper, Munich 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-492-23194-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-492-23194-2">3-492-23194-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archduchess_Louise_of_Austria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archduchess_Luise_of_Austria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Archduchess Luise of Austria">Archduchess Luise of Austria</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Austria%2C%20Archduchess%20Louise%20of%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Archduchess%20Louise%20of%20Austria%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Austria%2C%20Archduchess%20Louise%20of%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Archduchess%20Louise%20of%20Austria%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Austria%2C%20A%2E%20L%2E%20o%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Archduchess%20Louise%20of%20Austria%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Archduchess%20Louise%20of%20Austria%22%29%20OR%20%28%221870-1947%22%20AND%20Austria%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Archduchess Louise of Austria</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luiseoftuscany.yolasite.com/">Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony</a></li></ul> <div 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archduchesses by descent</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered by male-line descent from <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunigunde_of_Austria" title="Kunigunde of Austria">Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_Savoy" title="Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy">Margaret, Duchess of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Austria" title="Isabella of Austria">Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Hungary_(governor_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)">Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal">Catherine, Queen of Portugal</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress">Maria, Holy Roman Empress</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal">Joanna, Princess of Portugal</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Austria_(1526%E2%80%931545)" title="Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545)">Elisabeth, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Anna_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Anna of Austria">Anna, Duchess of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Magdalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Magdalena of Austria">Magdalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland">Catherine, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(nun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Margaret of Austria (nun)">Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Barbara_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Barbara of Austria">Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Helena_of_Austria_(1543%E2%80%931574)" title="Archduchess Helena of Austria (1543–1574)">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Micaela_of_Spain" title="Catalina Micaela of Spain">Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain">Anna, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France" title="Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France">Elisabeth, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(1567%E2%80%931633)" title="Archduchess Margaret of Austria (1567–1633)">Margaret (1567–1633)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_of_Austria_(1584%E2%80%931649)" title="Archduchess Maria of Austria (1584–1649)">Maria (1584–1649)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Tyrol" title="Anna of Tyrol">Anna, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland">Anna, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina,_Princess_of_Transylvania" title="Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania">Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Catherine_Renata_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria">Catherine Renata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Gregoria_Maximiliana_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria">Gregoria Maximiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Eleanor_of_Austria_(1582%E2%80%931620)" title="Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (1582–1620)">Eleanor (1582–1620)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain">Margaret, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Austria" title="Constance of Austria">Constance, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Maddalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria">Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anna, Queen of France</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_of_Spain_(1603)" title="Infanta Maria of Spain (1603)">María</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Spain" title="Maria Anna of Spain">Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Margarita_of_Spain_(1610%E2%80%931617)" title="Infanta Margarita of Spain (1610–1617)">Margarita</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1610)" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (born 1610)">Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Renata_of_Austria" title="Cecilia Renata of Austria">Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Isabella_Clara_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria">Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Leopoldine_of_Austria" title="Maria Leopoldine of Austria">Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa, Queen of France</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Margaret Theresa of Spain">Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_of_Austria" title="Mariana of Austria">Maria Anna, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonore_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Eleonore of Austria, Queen of Poland">Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria">Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Felicitas_of_Austria" title="Claudia Felicitas of Austria">Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_of_Austria" title="Maria Antonia of Austria">Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(governor)" title="Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (governor)">Maria Elisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Austria" title="Maria Anna of Austria">Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1684%E2%80%931696)" title="Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1684–1696)">Maria Theresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Josepha_of_Austria_(1687%E2%80%931703)" title="Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (1687–1703)">Maria Josepha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Magdalena_of_Austria_(1689%E2%80%931743)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria (1689–1743)">Maria Magdalena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Maria Josepha of Austria">Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress">Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(governor)" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (governor)">Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(born_1737)" title="Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (born 1737)">Maria Elisabeth</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1738)" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (born 1738)">Maria Anna</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Carolina_of_Austria_(born_1740)" title="Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (born 1740)">Maria Carolina</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina,_Duchess_of_Teschen" title="Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen">Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(born_1743)" title="Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (born 1743)">Maria Elisabeth</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma">Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Johanna_Gabriela_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria">Johanna</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria">Maria Josepha</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Maria Antonia, Queen of France</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1762%E2%80%931770)" title="Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)">Maria Theresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1767%E2%80%931827)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)">Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1770)" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (born 1770)">Maria Anna</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Clementina_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria">Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Amalia_of_Austria_(1780%E2%80%931798)" title="Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria (1780–1798)">Maria Amalia</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este,_Queen_of_Sardinia" title="Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia">Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Leopoldine_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este">Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ludovika_of_Austria-Este" title="Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este">Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria</a>#</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise, Empress of the French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Leopoldina_of_Austria" title="Maria Leopoldina of Austria">Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Clementina_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Clementina of Austria">Clementina, Princess of Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Caroline_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria">Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Anne_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Anne of Austria">Maria Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Luisa_of_Austria_(1798%E2%80%931857)" title="Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria (1798–1857)">Maria Luisa</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1816%E2%80%931867)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)">Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Karoline_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Karoline of Austria">Maria Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Hermine_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Hermine of Austria">Hermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Franziska_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria">Elisabeth Franziska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Henriette_of_Austria" title="Marie Henriette of Austria">Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Austria" title="Adelaide of Austria">Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1817%E2%80%931886)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1817–1886)">Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrix_of_Austria-Este" title="Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este">Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón</a>#</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1835)" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (born 1835)">Maria Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Auguste_Ferdinande_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria">Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Isabella_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria">Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Luisa_of_Austria_(1845%E2%80%931917)" title="Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria (1845–1917)">Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Mathilda_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Mathilda of Austria">Mathilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Austria" title="Maria Christina of Austria">Maria Christina, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Dorothea_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Dorothea of Austria">Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margarethe_Klementine_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Margarethe Klementine of Austria">Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1849%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919)">Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria</a>#</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Sophie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Sophie of Austria">Sophie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Gisela_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Gisela of Austria">Princess Gisela of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Valerie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria">Marie Valerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margarete_Sophie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria">Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Annunciata_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Annunciata of Austria">Maria Annunciata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Amalie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria">Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Antonietta_of_Austria_(1858%E2%80%931883)" title="Archduchess Maria Antonietta of Austria (1858–1883)">Maria Antonietta</a>^</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1862%E2%80%931933)" title="Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1862–1933)">Maria Theresa</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Karoline_Marie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria">Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Christina_of_Austria_(1879%E2%80%931962)" title="Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1879–1962)">Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1882)" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (born 1882)">Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Henrietta_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Henrietta of Austria">Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Isabella_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Isabella of Austria">Princess Isabella of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Eleonora_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Eleonora of Austria">Eleonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Renata_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Renata of Austria">Renata, Princess Radziwill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Mechthildis_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Mechthildis of Austria">Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Marie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria">Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Helena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Helena of Austria">Helena, Duchess of Württemberg</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Rosa_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Rosa of Austria">Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Dolores_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Dolores of Austria">Dolores</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Immaculata_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Immaculata of Austria">Maria Inmaculata</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaretha_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Margaretha of Austria">Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Antonia_of_Austria_(1899%E2%80%931977)" title="Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (1899–1977)">Princess Maria Antonia</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Assunta_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Assunta of Austria">Assunta</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Franziska_of_Austria_(1892%E2%80%931930)" title="Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria (1892–1930)">Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Hedwig_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Hedwig of Austria">Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(born_1925)" title="Archduchess Margaret of Austria (born 1925)">Margaret, Princess of Monteleone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Ilona_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Ilona of Austria">Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Adelheid_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Adelheid of Austria">Adelheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Charlotte_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Charlotte of Austria">Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(1922%E2%80%931993)" title="Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria (1922–1993)">Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_von_Habsburg" title="Gabriela von Habsburg">Gabriela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walburga_Habsburg_Douglas" title="Walburga Habsburg Douglas">Walburga, Countess Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria-Anna_Galitzine" title="Maria-Anna Galitzine">Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Habsburg" title="Sophie Habsburg">Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleonore_von_Habsburg" title="Eleonore von Habsburg">Eleonore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* <i>also an infanta of Spain</i></li> <li>** <i>also an infanta of Spain and Portugal</i></li> <li>^ <i>also a princess of Tuscany</i></li> <li># <i>also a princess of Modena</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tuscan_princesses_by_birth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuscan_princesses" title="Template:Tuscan princesses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tuscan_princesses" title="Template talk:Tuscan princesses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan_princesses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan princesses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tuscan_princesses_by_birth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tuscan princesses by birth</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_de%27_Medici_(1540%E2%80%931557)" title="Maria de' Medici (1540–1557)">Princess Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_de%27_Medici" title="Isabella de' Medici">Isabella, Duchess of Bracciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_de%27_Medici,_Duchess_of_Ferrara" title="Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara">Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_de%27_Medici" title="Virginia de' Medici">Virginia, Duchess of Modena</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_de%27_Medici" title="Eleanor de' Medici">Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_de%27_Medici_(1569%E2%80%931584)" title="Anna de' Medici (1569–1584)">Princess Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Maddalena_de%27_Medici" title="Maria Maddalena de' Medici">Princess Maria Maddalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_de%27_Medici" title="Claudia de' Medici">Claudia, Archduchess of Further Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cristina_de%27_Medici" title="Maria Cristina de' Medici">Princess Maria Cristina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_de%27_Medici" title="Margherita de' Medici">Margherita, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_de%27_Medici,_Archduchess_of_Austria" title="Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria">Anna, Archduchess of Further Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici,_Governor_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena">Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici" title="Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici">Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1738)" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (born 1738)">Princess Maria Anna</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina,_Duchess_of_Teschen" title="Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen">Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(born_1743)" title="Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (born 1743)">Princess Maria Elisabeth</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma">Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Johanna_Gabriela_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria">Princess Maria Johanna Gabriela</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria">Princess Maria Josepha</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Maria Antonia, Queen of France</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1767%E2%80%931827)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)">Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Clementina_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria">Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Luisa_of_Austria_(1798%E2%80%931857)" title="Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria (1798–1857)">Princess Maria Luisa</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Auguste_Ferdinande_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria">Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Isabella_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria">Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Luisa_of_Austria_(1845%E2%80%931917)" title="Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria (1845–1917)">Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Antonietta_of_Austria_(1858%E2%80%931883)" title="Archduchess Maria Antonietta of Austria (1858–1883)">Princess Maria Antonietta</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1862%E2%80%931933)" title="Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1862–1933)">Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Karoline_Marie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria">Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Helena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Helena of Austria">Helena, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Rosa_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Rosa of Austria">Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Dolores_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Dolores of Austria">Princess Dolores</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Immaculata_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Immaculata of Austria">Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Margaretha_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Margaretha of Austria">Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Antonia_of_Austria_(1899%E2%80%931977)" title="Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (1899–1977)">Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis Pérez</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small><i>* also an archduchess of Austria</i><br />^<i>did not have a royal or noble birth</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princesses_of_Saxony_by_marriage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_Saxony_by_marriage" title="Template:Princesses of Saxony by marriage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princesses_of_Saxony_by_marriage" title="Template talk:Princesses of Saxony by marriage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses_of_Saxony_by_marriage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses of Saxony by marriage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princesses_of_Saxony_by_marriage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Princesses of Saxony by marriage</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered from the ascension of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I</a> as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">King of Saxony</a> in 1806</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Carolina_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Carolina of Savoy">Princess Maria Carolina of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1767%E2%80%931827)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827)">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Luisa_Carlota_of_Parma" title="Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma">Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Caroline_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria">Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Bavaria_(born_1805)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1805)">Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalie_Auguste_of_Bavaria" title="Amalie Auguste of Bavaria">Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carola_of_Vasa" title="Carola of Vasa"> Princess Carola of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Ana_of_Portugal_(1843%E2%80%931884)" title="Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal (1843–1884)">Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archduchess Louise of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Maria_Isabella_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Maria Isabella of Württemberg">Duchess Maria Isabella of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Immacolata_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies_(1874%E2%80%931947)" title="Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1874–1947)">Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Luxembourg" title="Princess Sophie of Luxembourg">Princess Sophie of Luxembourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257015#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083907214">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/67262804">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/446554/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvtfhqvf3mgV4DFHy4pfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118841785">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00037147">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17021219r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17021219r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an52060972">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2015867565&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1160275">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070296103">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90202427">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=248308">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810546508305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/346039">Vatican</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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