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<!DOCTYPE html>    <html class="no-js" lang="en">  <head>   <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols | Mineralogical Magazine | Cambridge Core</title> <script src="/core/vanilla/public/js/sentry.min.js"></script> <script> let isTerminated = false; window.addEventListener('pagehide', (event) => { isTerminated = !event.persisted; }, { capture: true }); const EXTRA_KEY = "ROUTE_TO"; Sentry.init({ dsn: "https://074fed417c764caaafebad958d2c0c95@o1239501.ingest.sentry.io/6395238", release: "www.cambridge.org" + "@" + "unreadable", environment: "prod", ignoreErrors: [], integrations: [Sentry.moduleMetadataIntegration()], transport: Sentry.makeMultiplexedTransport( Sentry.makeFetchTransport, (args) => { const event = args.getEvent(); if ( event && event.extra && EXTRA_KEY in event.extra && Array.isArray(event.extra[EXTRA_KEY]) ) { return event.extra[EXTRA_KEY]; } return []; }, ), beforeSend: (event) => { if (isTerminated || (window.location.protocol !== 'http:' && window.location.protocol !== 'https:')) { return null; } if (event?.exception?.values?.[0].stacktrace?.frames) { const { frames } = event.exception.values[0].stacktrace; const routeTo = frames .filter((frame) => frame.module_metadata && frame.module_metadata.dsn) .map((v) => v.module_metadata) .slice(-1); if (routeTo.length) { event.extra = { ...event.extra, [EXTRA_KEY]: routeTo, }; } } return event; }, }); </script>   <meta property="og:site_name" content="Cambridge Core"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A"/> <meta property="og:title" content="IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols | Mineralogical Magazine | Cambridge Core"/> <meta property="og:description" content="IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols - Volume 85 Issue 3"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static.cambridge.org/covers/MGM_0_0_0/mineralogical_magazine.jpg?send-full-size-image=true"/> <meta name="description" content="IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols - Volume 85 Issue 3"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A"> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Mineralogical Magazine"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cambridge University Press"> <meta name="citation_title" content="IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Laurence N. Warr"> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0002-8779-0062"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/06"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2021/05/18"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="85"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="291"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="320"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0026-461X"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1471-8022"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="nomenclature; mineral names; symbols; abbreviations; groups; species; elements; IMA; CNMNC"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A/S0026461X21000438a.pdf/div-class-title-ima-cnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols-div.pdf"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=On the chemicals and the method of employing them to express chemical proportions; citation_author=Berzelius, J.J.; citation_publication_date=1814; citation_journal_title=Annals of Philosophy; citation_volume=1814; citation_firstpage=51; citation_lastpage=52"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Symbols of rock-forming minerals; citation_author=Kretz, R.; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_journal_title=American Mineralogist; citation_volume=68; citation_firstpage=277; citation_lastpage=279"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The early publication of new mineral names: New procedures for the release of new mineral names and publication; citation_author=Mills, S.J.; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_journal_title=Mineralogical Magazine; citation_volume=74; citation_firstpage=179; citation_lastpage=182; citation_doi=10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.179"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Mineralogical Magazine; citation_author=Miyawaki, R.; citation_author=Hatert, F.; citation_author=Pasero, M.; citation_author=Mills, S.J.; citation_publication_date=2021"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The New IMA List of Minerals; citation_author=Pasero, M.; citation_publication_date=2021"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations; citation_author=Siivolam, J.; citation_author=Schmid, R.; citation_publication_date=2007"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). https://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/symbols.pdf Accessed 27.11.2020"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases; citation_author=Warr, L.N.; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_journal_title=Clay Minerals; citation_volume=55; citation_firstpage=261; citation_lastpage=264; citation_doi=10.1180/clm.2020.30"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals; citation_author=Whitney, D.L.; citation_author=Evans, B.W.; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_journal_title=American Mineralogist; citation_volume=95; citation_firstpage=185; citation_lastpage=187; citation_doi=10.2138/am.2010.3371"> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Several text symbol lists for common rock-forming minerals have been published over the last 40 years, but no internationally agreed standard has yet been established. This contribution presents the first International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) approved collection of 5744 mineral name abbreviations by combining four methods of nomenclature based on the Kretz symbol approach. The collection incorporates 991 previously defined abbreviations for mineral groups and species and presents a further 4753 new symbols that cover all currently listed IMA minerals. Adopting IMA–CNMNC approved symbols is considered a necessary step in standardising abbreviations by employing a system compatible with that used for symbolising the chemical elements."> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1180/mgm.2021.43"> <link rel="alternate" href="/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/css/app.css?version=v7.401.0"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://usage.prod.aop.cambridge.org/v1/events"> <link rel="stylesheet" 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data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><a href="/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/issue/EEE14E49064429959825F3F3A5E0E2C7" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 85 Issue 3</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><span data-v-3692cf84>IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols</span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="language" data-v-3692cf84><ul class="language-switch" data-v-6b1118dd data-v-3692cf84><li aria-label="English" data-v-6b1118dd><span class="language-option current divider" data-v-6b1118dd>English</span></li><li aria-label="Français" data-v-6b1118dd><span role="button" tabindex="0" href="#" lang="fr" class="language-option" data-v-6b1118dd> Français </span></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="container container__modified" data-v-01274b1d>  <div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div role="complementary" aria-label="table of content" class="column__left" data-v-01274b1d><div class="col journal-container row" data-v-146270e8 data-v-01274b1d><img src="https://static.cambridge.org/covers/MGM_0_0_0/mineralogical-magazine.jpg" alt="" class="journal__image" data-v-146270e8> <a href="/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine" class="app-link journal__title app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-146270e8><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Mineralogical Magazine </span> </a> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-146270e8></div>  <div id="toc" class="table-of-content" data-v-01274b1d><h2>Article contents</h2> <div id="toc-list-wrapper" class="table-of-content__wrapper"><ul id="toc-list" class="list"><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec0" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#sec1" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Introduction</div></span></a></li><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec2" class="list__item__link"> <span><div class="toc-title">Nomenclature</div></span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#footnotes-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Footnotes</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="column__main" data-v-01274b1d><div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div class="column__main__left" data-v-01274b1d><div id="maincontent" class="col" data-v-862424e6 data-v-01274b1d> <hgroup data-v-862424e6><h1 data-v-862424e6>IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols</h1> </hgroup>     <div class="row published-date" data-v-862424e6><p data-v-862424e6> Published online by Cambridge University Press: <strong data-v-862424e6>18 May 2021</strong></p></div>   <div class="contributors-details" data-v-99f6eb26 data-v-862424e6><div class="row contributors" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="col" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="row contributor-type" data-v-792406ce data-v-99f6eb26> <div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Laurence%20N.%20Warr&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Laurence N. Warr</span> </a> <a target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-0062" data-test-orcid="Laurence N. Warr" class="app-link contributor-type__contributor__orcid app-link__icon app-link--" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="Open the ORCID record for Laurence N. Warr" class="app-icon icon orcid" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a> <span data-v-792406ce></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 collapse-link" data-v-99f6eb26><a href="#authors-details" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="authors-details" class="app-link collapsed app-link__text-icon app-link--secondary reverse" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-99f6eb26><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="" class="app-icon icon arrow-down" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Show author details </span> </a></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-99f6eb26> <dl id="authors-details" class="authors-details collapse" data-v-2edb8da6 data-v-99f6eb26><div data-test-author="Laurence N. Warr" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Laurence N. Warr*</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, 17487Greifswald, Germany</span> </span></div></dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-sm-2 col-12 title" data-v-2edb8da6> * </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-sm-flex d-inline flex-sm-1 flex-sm-wrap" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><div class="corresp"><span class="label">*</span><span class="bold">Author for correspondence:</span> Laurence N. Warr, Email: <a href="mailto:warr@uni-greifswald.de">warr@uni-greifswald.de</a></div></span></div></div></div></dd></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-2edb8da6></dl></div></div> <div id="app-tabs" class="tabs" data-v-1d90c6ce data-v-01274b1d><div id="app-tabs-wrapper" class="tabs__wrapper" data-v-1d90c6ce><div role="navigation" aria-label="tab navigation" class="container" data-v-1d90c6ce><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#appTabs" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="appTabs" class="tabs__collapse collapsed d-sm-none d-print-none" data-v-1d90c6ce><span data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-up" data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-down" data-v-1d90c6ce></span></a> <ul id="appTabs" role="tablist" class="nav nav-tabs tabs__list collapse show" data-v-1d90c6ce><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a aria-selected="true" href="#article-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="article-tab" tabindex="-1" 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target="_blank" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=CUP&publication=MGM&title=IMA%E2%80%93CNMNC%20approved%20mineral%20symbols&publicationDate=18%20May%202021&author=Laurence%20N.%20Warr©right=Copyright%20%C2%A9%20The%20Author(s)%2C%202021.%20Published%20by%20Cambridge%20University%20Press%20on%20behalf%20of%20The%20Mineralogical%20Society%20of%20Great%20Britain%20and%20Ireland&contentID=10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43&startPage=291&endPage=320&orderBeanReset=True&volumeNum=85&issueNum=3&oa=" data-test-id="buttonRightLink" class="app-link rights-link d-print-none app-link__text-icon app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-92ee52a2 data-v-43a4d572><img src="/core/page-component/img/rights-icon.d4a677c.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon rights" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Rights & Permissions </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a></div> <div class="share-modal-overlay" style="display:none;" data-v-43a4d572></div> <div data-spy="scroll" data-target="#toc" class="scrollspy-content" data-v-43a4d572> <div id="sec0" class="col article-abstract sec" data-v-2fa8b348 data-v-43a4d572><div class="abstract-text-container" data-v-2fa8b348><div lang="en"><h2>Abstract</h2>  <div class="abstract-content"><div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"><p>Several text symbol lists for common rock-forming minerals have been published over the last 40 years, but no internationally agreed standard has yet been established. This contribution presents the first International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) approved collection of 5744 mineral name abbreviations by combining four methods of nomenclature based on the Kretz symbol approach. The collection incorporates 991 previously defined abbreviations for mineral groups and species and presents a further 4753 new symbols that cover all currently listed IMA minerals. Adopting IMA–CNMNC approved symbols is considered a necessary step in standardising abbreviations by employing a system compatible with that used for symbolising the chemical elements.</p></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="abstract-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a></div></div>   </div>  <div class="keywords" data-v-86c27100 data-v-43a4d572><h2 data-v-86c27100>Keywords</h2> <div class="row keywords__pills" data-v-86c27100><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=nomenclature" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>nomenclature</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=mineral names" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>mineral names</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=symbols" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>symbols</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=abbreviations" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>abbreviations</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=groups" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>groups</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=species" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>species</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=elements" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>elements</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=IMA" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>IMA</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=CNMNC" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>CNMNC</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-86c27100></div>  <dl class="article-details" data-v-6e32a161 data-v-43a4d572><div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Type </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161>Article</dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Information </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div class="content__journal" data-v-6e32a161><a href="/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Mineralogical Magazine </span> </a> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/volume/9734716C124373F02B0F4526DA0A9DBD" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 85 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/issue/EEE14E49064429959825F3F3A5E0E2C7" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Issue 3 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161>, June 2021</span>  <span data-v-6e32a161>, pp. 291 - 320</span> </div> <div class="doi-data" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161>DOI: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.43" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.43 </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> </div>  </dd></div>   <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Copyright </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161> Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland </div></dd></div></dl>  <div id="content-container" class="content-container" data-v-43a4d572><div class="content-box"><div class="article research-article NLM"> <div class="body"> <div class="sec intro" data-magellan-destination="sec1" id="sec1"><h2 class="A"> Introduction</h2> <p class="p"> Using text symbols for abbreviating the scientific names of the chemical elements listed on the periodic table is a well-accepted praxis in chemistry, first introduced by the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius (Berzelius, <a class="xref bibr" href="#ref1"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Berzelius</span>1814</a>). He used one or two letters selected from the Latin names to convey the elements in a short and concise notation that has been accepted universally since the mid-19<sup class="sup">th</sup> Century. A system for abbreviating rock-forming minerals was first proposed by Kretz (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref2"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Kretz</span>1983</a>): traditionally known as Kretz symbols. In a similar way to Berzelius, Kretz used a capitalised letter taken from the initial of the name and one or two lower case letters selected from the rest of the word. The selection was chosen to be representative and did not conflict with the element symbols. As the individual letters were not specific to any particular name components, this approach provided flexibility and choice in the selection of new abbreviations used to cover the expanding number of recognised mineral species. Introducing three-letter symbols also had the benefit of being able to generate a maximum of 17,576 combinations of the alphabet (26 × 26 × 26) and therefore offered significantly more diversity than the limited 676 combinations of two-letter abbreviations. Due to the combined function of mineral text symbols as abbreviations, these terms are used interchangeably</p> <p class="p"> Over the years, the list of Kretz (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref2"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Kretz</span>1983</a>) with its 192 symbols was expanded to 240 by Siivolam and Schmid (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref4"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Siivolam and Schmid</span>2007</a>) and to 371 by Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>). More recently, Warr (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref6"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Warr</span>2020</a>) added a further 168 new abbreviations for clay minerals and associated phases. In its guide to authors, <em class="italic">The Canadian Mineralogist</em> (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref5">2019</a>) also presents a complementary list of 821 Kretz symbols, although these are not entirely compatible with the more widely used collection proposed by Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>). Despite the availability of recommended abbreviations for the commonly studied mineral species, to date < 18% of mineral names recognised by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) have been attributed with a symbol. Also, proposed symbols are not always consistently applied and some authors still prefer to make up their abbreviations rather than to follow published recommendations. This is particularly the case for the remaining ca. 82% of minerals that have not yet been allocated a symbol.</p> <p class="p"> This contribution presents the first complete collection of mineral symbols for all currently listed IMA mineral species and commonly used group names by modifying the Kretz symbol approach (<a class="xref table" href="#tab01">Table 1</a>). The compilation, approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) (Miyawaki et al., <a class="xref bibr" href="#ref9"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Miyawaki, Hatert, Pasero and Mills</span>2021</a>), significantly expands the number of available abbreviations and is designed to improve the degree to which mineral symbols are standardised in future publications. The list of 5744 abbreviated mineral names demonstrates that the Kretz system can be successfully adapted to cover the complete catalogue of recognised minerals and to accommodate new approved species. It also provides a more systematic approach to nomenclature than would be achieved by combining past and future lists in an <em class="italic">ad hoc</em> approach. </p><div class="table-wrap" data-magellan-destination="tab01" id="tab01"><div class="caption"><p class="p"><span class="label">Table 1.</span> List of IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols (4753 new and 991 previously defined) *denotes mineral names where abbreviations have been adopted from previous publications. The origin of all symbols are detailed in the Supplementary material.</p></div> <span> <div class="figure-thumb"><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAMLCwgAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" data-src="https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210705082946247-0107:S0026461X21000438:S0026461X21000438_tab1.png?pub-status=live" class="aop-lazy-load-image" width="1038" height="34923" data-original-image="/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210705082946247-0107:S0026461X21000438:S0026461X21000438_tab1.png" data-zoomable="true"></div> </span> </div> </div> <div class="sec" data-magellan-destination="sec2" id="sec2"><h2 class="A"> Nomenclature</h2> <p class="p"> As symbols for the commonly studied minerals are already available, most of these, and in particular those proposed by Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>), are adopted in the new listing. However, to cover the full catalogue of mineral names, the nomenclature scheme has been modified to generate new symbols by using a combination of the following four methods (Warr, <a class="xref bibr" href="#ref6"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Warr</span>2020</a>). </p><ol class="list number nomark"> <li class="list-item"><p class="p"><span class="label">(1)</span> The initial letters of a mineral name. These are occasionally used in singular form (e.g. <strong>a</strong>luminite = A) or as two letters (e.g. <strong>ch</strong>aoite = Ch). The most common are the first three letters of a name (e.g. <strong>cya</strong>notrichite = Cya), which provides the best compromise between having a relatively short symbol and having enough letters to give away the character of the name. There are also some rare instances of using the first four letters of a name, but only when shorter options are not available (e.g. <strong>mits</strong>cherlichite = Mits). This category of abbreviations make up 28% of the listing.</p></li> <li class="list-item"><p class="p"><span class="label">(2)</span> A combination of two to four letters considered characteristic of the mineral name. At least two of the letters of this type of symbol are usually clustered together to highlight a characteristic section of the name that aids its recognition (e.g. <strong>ew</strong>in<strong>g</strong>ite = Ewg or <strong>n</strong>eigh<strong>bo</strong>rite = Nbo). These types of abbreviation make up 32% of the database.</p></li> <li class="list-item"><p class="p"><span class="label">(3)</span> A selection of two to four letters expressing components of the name. These represent the initial letter of a name component in terms of how the word is pronounced (e.g. <strong>h</strong>el<strong>l</strong>an<strong>d</strong>ite = Hld) or as the initial letter of a selected syllable in the word (e.g. <strong>a</strong>d<strong>r</strong>a<strong>n</strong>osite = Arn). This type of symbol makes up 28% of the collection.</p></li> <li class="list-item"><p class="p"><span class="label">(4)</span> Four or more lettered abbreviations when prefixes are present (e.g. ferro-, ferri, and magnesio-). These are used when related mineral symbols have been previously defined and the letters are selected to preserve consistency between the mineral abbreviations. (e.g. <strong>c</strong>hloro<strong>cal</strong>cite = Ccal, or <strong>m</strong>ono<strong>h</strong>ydro<strong>cal</strong>cite = Mhcal, where <strong>cal</strong>cite = Cal). Longer abbreviations are also selected if short ones are no longer available. (e.g. <strong>n</strong>atro<strong>zip</strong>peite = Nzip and <strong>ni</strong>ckel<strong>zip</strong>peite = Nizip, where <strong>zip</strong>peite = Zip). This symbol type comprises ca. 12% of the database.</p></li> </ol> <p class="p"> A collection of symbols was compiled by first listing published mineral abbreviations from recognised contributions. In the case of conflicting symbols used for the same mineral, for example, Qtz (Kretz, <a class="xref bibr" href="#ref2"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Kretz</span>1983</a>) or Qz (Whitney and Evans, <a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>) for <strong>q</strong>uart<strong>z</strong>, those proposed by Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>) were prioritised. Some departure from this published study was, however, introduced to remove symbols that correspond to elements. In this context, Po, Fl, Mc and Ts have been replaced (using method 2) with the Kretz symbols of Pyh, Flr, Mcc and Tsr for the minerals <strong>py</strong>rr<strong>h</strong>otite, <strong>fl</strong>uo<strong>r</strong>ite, <strong>m</strong>i<strong>c</strong>ro<strong>c</strong>line and <strong>ts</strong>che<strong>r</strong>makite, respectively. Other departures from the Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>) listing are abbreviations that require prefixes following method (4) so that these abbreviations (12 in total) are consistent with existing mineral symbols (e.g. <strong>f</strong>erro-<strong>act</strong>inolite = Fact, whereby by <strong>act</strong>inolite = Act). This modification was also required to generate a sufficient number of abbreviations for the complete collection of minerals that cannot be covered by using two- and three-letter symbols alone. Despite these differences, the symbols are 93% compatible with Kretz (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref2"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Kretz</span>1983</a>), 87% with Siivolam and Schmid (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref4"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Siivolam and Schmid</span>2007</a>), 97% with Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>), 75% with <em class="italic">The Canadian Mineralogist</em> (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref5">2019</a>) listings and 100% with Warr (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref6"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Warr</span>2020</a>).</p> <p class="p"> To add further diversity and character to new symbols, language-related lettering from the original mineral names was introduced (e.g. <strong>lö</strong>llingite = lö and <strong>šv</strong>e<strong>n</strong>ekite = Švn). It is assumed that suitable multilingual text software is now standard to both authors and journals, which may not have been the case in the past. Abbreviations were also selected to reflect their origin, such as people's names (e.g. <strong>e</strong>arl<strong>s</strong>han<strong>n</strong>onite (Earl Shannon) = Esn) or place names (e.g. <strong>c</strong>lear<strong>c</strong>ree<strong>k</strong>ite = Cck) to which the minerals are dedicated. The symbols for specific mineral species containing elemental information are listed in full (e.g. <strong>anz</strong>aite<strong>-</strong>(<strong>Ce</strong>) = Anz-Ce or <strong>a</strong>l<strong>l</strong>a<strong>n</strong>ite<strong>-</strong>(<strong>Ce</strong>) = Aln-Ce. In the absence of such element information, the mineral symbol can be used in its less specific form (e.g. <strong>anz</strong>aite = Anz or <strong>a</strong>l<strong>l</strong>a<strong>n</strong>ite = Aln). In the case of mineral phases requiring extensive elemental information for species description, which can lead to long notations, (e.g. <strong>jah</strong>nsite<strong>-</strong>(<strong>CaFeMg</strong> = Jah-CaFeMg), such abbreviations can also be used in their shortened version (e.g. <strong>jah</strong>nsite = <strong>Jah</strong>) by defining the species in the text on the first occurrence or in the relevant figure or table caption where the symbol is used.</p> <p class="p"> The collection listed in <a class="xref table" href="#tab01">Table 1</a> includes the 31 elements that occur as native minerals. Although most of Kretz's pre-existing mineral symbols and those by Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>) are adopted, all new symbols have been chosen to maximise consistency in the database so that common mineral names are ideally denoted by the same symbols (e.g. <strong>p</strong>seudo<strong>s</strong>in<strong>h</strong>a<strong>l</strong>ite = Pshl, where P = <strong>p</strong>seudo, Shl = <strong>s</strong>in<strong>h</strong>a<strong>l</strong>ite and Hl = <strong>h</strong>a<strong>l</strong>ite). Where possible, the same symbols are maintained for reoccurring name components such as cb for <strong>c</strong>ar<strong>b</strong>ide in <strong>n</strong>iobo<strong>c</strong>ar<strong>b</strong>ide (Ncb) or <strong>t</strong>antal<strong>c</strong>ar<strong>b</strong>ide (Tcb). Additionally, elemental information was retained in symbols (e.g. <strong>bi</strong>smuth = Bi, <strong>bis</strong>mite = Bis and <strong>bi</strong>smu<strong>t</strong>ite = Bit), as long as this did not conflict with the four methods of nomenclature applied and the need to keep abbreviations as short as possible. Symbols were selected to minimise the average length and, as a whole, the longer names are generally attributed with longer abbreviations. The complete library of mineral symbols, which covers all IMA–CNMNC approved species from the May 2021 version of IMA mineral listing (Pasero, <a class="xref bibr" href="#ref3"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Pasero</span>2021</a>), is based on 4 one-lettered symbols, 260 two-lettered symbols, 4205 three-lettered symbols and 1275 four (or more) lettered symbols including specific elemental notations. In addition to the 5703 currently approved species, the library also contains 41 group and subgroup names inherited from the symbols list of Kretz (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref2"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Kretz</span>1983</a>), Whitney and Evans (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref7"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Whitney and Evans</span>2010</a>) and Warr (<a class="xref bibr" href="#ref6"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Warr</span>2020</a>). These cover many common mineral names such as <strong>f</strong>eld<strong>sp</strong>ar (Fsp), <strong>amp</strong>hibole (Amp), <strong>p</strong>yro<strong>x</strong>ene (Px), <strong>chl</strong>orite (Chl) and <strong>b</strong>io<strong>t</strong>ite (Bt).</p> <p class="p"> A more detailed mineral symbol dataset is provided as Supplementary material. This can be used as a search and match tool for locating mineral names and their recommended symbols. Lists of symbols used for common name components are also given at the base of the datasheet sorted by mineral. New mineral abbreviations can be selected using the ‘symbol picker’ from the list of available symbols included in the supplementary material. These are to be submitted for approval to the CNMNC as part of a mineral name proposal. New listings of symbols will appear on the official IMA–CNMNCs website and in related publications such as the IMA-CNMNC newsletter (Mills, <a class="xref bibr" href="#ref8"><span class="show-for-sr">Reference Mills</span>2010</a>).</p> </div> </div> <div class="back"> <div class="notes supplementary-material" data-magellan-destination="nts1" id="nts1"><h2 class="A">Supplementary material</h2> <p class="p"> To view supplementary material for this article, please visit <a class="uri" href="https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.43">https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.43</a></p> </div> <div class="ack"><h2 class="A"> Acknowledgements</h2> <p class="p"> I would like to thank all CNMNC members for their feedback on this contribution during the approval process and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.</p> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="footnotes-list" class="circle-list"><h2>Footnotes</h2> <div data-type="footnote" class="circle-list__item"><div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><div class="fn"><p>Associate Editor: Anthony R Kampf</p></div></div></div></div> </div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="references-list" class="circle-list"><h2>References</h2> <div id="ref1" aria-flowto="reference-1-content reference-1-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"><AppButton icon="up-circle" aria-label="Return to the reference 1 in the content" id="reference-1-button" class="circle-list__item__indicator__up"></AppButton></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-1-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="string-name"><span class="surname">Berzelius</span>, 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class="article-title">Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases</span>. <span class="source">Clay Minerals</span>, <span class="volume">55</span>, <span class="fpage">261</span>–<span class="lpage">264</span>.<span class="object-id">10.1180/clm.2020.30</span><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2020.30>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Recommended+abbreviations+for+the+names+of+clay+minerals+and+associated+phases&author=Warr+L.N.&publication+year=2020&journal=Clay+Minerals&volume=55&doi=10.1180%2Fclm.2020.30&pages=261-264>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="ref7" aria-flowto="reference-9-content reference-9-button" 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data-src="https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20210705083147-73505-mediumThumb-S0026461X21000438_tab1.jpg" data-enlarged-image="https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20210705083147-08174-optimisedImage-S0026461X21000438_tab1.jpg" class="graphic" data-v-241a4b23></div> <div data-v-241a4b23><div class="caption" data-v-241a4b23><p data-v-241a4b23><span class="label" data-v-241a4b23>Table 1.</span> <span data-v-241a4b23><span class="p">List of IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols (4753 new and 991 previously defined) *denotes mineral names where abbreviations have been adopted from previous publications. The origin of all symbols are detailed in the Supplementary material.</span></span></p></div> </div></div> </div></div> <div id="supplementary-materials-tab" class="supplementary-materials tab-pane"><div class="materials-table"><div class="materials-table__item"><div class="materials-table__row"><img 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class="materials-table__row__title">Warr supplementary material</h3> <div class="materials-table__row__description"><p>Warr supplementary material</p></div></div> <a href="https://static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:article:S0026461X21000438/resource/name/S0026461X21000438sup001.zip" download="" class="app-link clickable-button materials-table__row__right-elem materials-table__row__download-button app-link__icon app-link--" data-v-63dfaf6e><img 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{layout:"default",data:[{article:{id:"62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A",metadata:{title:j,htmlTitle:j,subtitle:d,authorsGroup:{authors:{contributors:[{givenNames:"Laurence N.",surname:"Warr",nameStyle:"western",affiliations:[{text:"Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, 17487Greifswald, Germany"}],isCorresponding:b,notes:"\u003Cdiv class=\"corresp\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E*\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"bold\"\u003EAuthor for correspondence:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Laurence N. Warr, Email: \u003Ca href=\"mailto:warr@uni-greifswald.de\"\u003Ewarr@uni-greifswald.de\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",isAnonymous:a,fullName:"Laurence N. Warr",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Laurence%20N.%20Warr&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-8779-0062"}]},translators:{contributors:[],label:"Translated by"}},collections:[],publishedDate:"18 May 2021",keywords:[{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=nomenclature",name:"nomenclature"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=mineral names",name:"mineral names"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=symbols",name:"symbols"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=abbreviations",name:"abbreviations"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=groups",name:"groups"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=species",name:"species"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=elements",name:"elements"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=IMA",name:"IMA"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=CNMNC",name:"CNMNC"}],openPracticeBadges:[],doi:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.43",value:"10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.43"},copyright:{statement:["Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland"],holder:["The Author(s)"],year:[2021]},creativeCommons:e,acceptedManuscript:a,type:"research-article",pageRange:{range:"291 - 320",firstPage:"291",lastPage:"320"},typeDescription:"Article",resultTypes:[],commentsCount:q,topicsAndSubtopics:e},journal:{id:m,title:f,titleSlug:r,mnemonic:"MGM",titleHistory:[{productId:"507FC849A28641D229AA4FF4AABC07B4",title:"Mineralogical magazine and journal of the Mineralogical Society"},{productId:m,title:f}],isFirstView:a,journalSlug:r,isCompanion:a,parentCompanionJournalName:f,associatedParentCollection:e,paymentInfo:{prices:{"£":{price:26,sku:k,skuNew:h,currency:"£"},"€":{price:31,sku:k,skuNew:h,currency:"€"},US$:{price:36,sku:k,skuNew:h,currency:"US$"},AU$:{price:51,sku:k,skuNew:h,currency:"AU$"}}},url:s,firstViewUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fmineralogical-magazine\u002Ffirstview",coverUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fcovers\u002FMGM_0_0_0\u002Fmineralogical-magazine.jpg",submitMaterialsUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fmineralogical-magazine\u002Finformation\u002Fauthor-instructions\u002Fsubmitting-your-materials",hasHistory:b,latestTitle:f,latestId:m,hasPastTitle:a,issue:{id:"EEE14E49064429959825F3F3A5E0E2C7",number:"3",title:"Issue 3",publishedDate:"June 2021",printPublishTimestamp:1622505600000,url:t},volume:{id:"9734716C124373F02B0F4526DA0A9DBD",number:"85",title:"Volume 85",publishedDate:"December 2021",printPublishTimestamp:1638316800000,url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fmineralogical-magazine\u002Fvolume\u002F9734716C124373F02B0F4526DA0A9DBD"}},abstract:{textAbstracts:[{title:"Abstract",content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESeveral text symbol lists for common rock-forming minerals have been published over the last 40 years, but no internationally agreed standard has yet been established. This contribution presents the first International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) approved collection of 5744 mineral name abbreviations by combining four methods of nomenclature based on the Kretz symbol approach. The collection incorporates 991 previously defined abbreviations for mineral groups and species and presents a further 4753 new symbols that cover all currently listed IMA minerals. Adopting IMA–CNMNC approved symbols is considered a necessary step in standardising abbreviations by employing a system compatible with that used for symbolising the chemical elements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",lang:u}]},content:{html:"\u003Cdiv class=\"article research-article NLM\"\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"body\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sec intro\" data-magellan-destination=\"sec1\" id=\"sec1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"A\"\u003E Introduction\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E Using text symbols for abbreviating the scientific names of the chemical elements listed on the periodic table is a well-accepted praxis in chemistry, first introduced by the Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius (Berzelius, \u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref1\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Berzelius\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E1814\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). He used one or two letters selected from the Latin names to convey the elements in a short and concise notation that has been accepted universally since the mid-19\u003Csup class=\"sup\"\u003Eth\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E Century. A system for abbreviating rock-forming minerals was first proposed by Kretz (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref2\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Kretz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E1983\u003C\u002Fa\u003E): traditionally known as Kretz symbols. In a similar way to Berzelius, Kretz used a capitalised letter taken from the initial of the name and one or two lower case letters selected from the rest of the word. The selection was chosen to be representative and did not conflict with the element symbols. As the individual letters were not specific to any particular name components, this approach provided flexibility and choice in the selection of new abbreviations used to cover the expanding number of recognised mineral species. Introducing three-letter symbols also had the benefit of being able to generate a maximum of 17,576 combinations of the alphabet (26 × 26 × 26) and therefore offered significantly more diversity than the limited 676 combinations of two-letter abbreviations. Due to the combined function of mineral text symbols as abbreviations, these terms are used interchangeably\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E Over the years, the list of Kretz (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref2\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Kretz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E1983\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) with its 192 symbols was expanded to 240 by Siivolam and Schmid (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref4\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Siivolam and Schmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2007\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) and to 371 by Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). More recently, Warr (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref6\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Warr\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) added a further 168 new abbreviations for clay minerals and associated phases. In its guide to authors, \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003EThe Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fem\u003E (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref5\"\u003E2019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) also presents a complementary list of 821 Kretz symbols, although these are not entirely compatible with the more widely used collection proposed by Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). Despite the availability of recommended abbreviations for the commonly studied mineral species, to date < 18% of mineral names recognised by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) have been attributed with a symbol. Also, proposed symbols are not always consistently applied and some authors still prefer to make up their abbreviations rather than to follow published recommendations. This is particularly the case for the remaining ca. 82% of minerals that have not yet been allocated a symbol.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E This contribution presents the first complete collection of mineral symbols for all currently listed IMA mineral species and commonly used group names by modifying the Kretz symbol approach (\u003Ca class=\"xref table\" href=\"#tab01\"\u003ETable 1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). The compilation, approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) (Miyawaki et al., \u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref9\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Miyawaki, Hatert, Pasero and Mills\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2021\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), significantly expands the number of available abbreviations and is designed to improve the degree to which mineral symbols are standardised in future publications. The list of 5744 abbreviated mineral names demonstrates that the Kretz system can be successfully adapted to cover the complete catalogue of recognised minerals and to accommodate new approved species. It also provides a more systematic approach to nomenclature than would be achieved by combining past and future lists in an \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003Ead hoc\u003C\u002Fem\u003E approach.\n\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"table-wrap\" data-magellan-destination=\"tab01\" id=\"tab01\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"caption\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003ETable 1.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E List of IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols (4753 new and 991 previously defined) *denotes mineral names where abbreviations have been adopted from previous publications. The origin of all symbols are detailed in the Supplementary material.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cspan\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"figure-thumb\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fgif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAMLCwgAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fbinary\u002Fversion\u002Fid\u002Furn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210705082946247-0107:S0026461X21000438:S0026461X21000438_tab1.png?pub-status=live\" class=\"aop-lazy-load-image\" width=\"1038\" height=\"34923\" data-original-image=\"\u002Fbinary\u002Fversion\u002Fid\u002Furn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20210705082946247-0107:S0026461X21000438:S0026461X21000438_tab1.png\" data-zoomable=\"true\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\n\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"sec\" data-magellan-destination=\"sec2\" id=\"sec2\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"A\"\u003E Nomenclature\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E As symbols for the commonly studied minerals are already available, most of these, and in particular those proposed by Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), are adopted in the new listing. However, to cover the full catalogue of mineral names, the nomenclature scheme has been modified to generate new symbols by using a combination of the following four methods (Warr, \u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref6\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Warr\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E).\n\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Col class=\"list number nomark\"\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\"list-item\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E(1)\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E The initial letters of a mineral name. These are occasionally used in singular form (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ea\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eluminite = A) or as two letters (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ech\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eaoite = Ch). The most common are the first three letters of a name (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ecya\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Enotrichite = Cya), which provides the best compromise between having a relatively short symbol and having enough letters to give away the character of the name. There are also some rare instances of using the first four letters of a name, but only when shorter options are not available (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Emits\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Echerlichite = Mits). This category of abbreviations make up 28% of the listing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\"list-item\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E(2)\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E A combination of two to four letters considered characteristic of the mineral name. At least two of the letters of this type of symbol are usually clustered together to highlight a characteristic section of the name that aids its recognition (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Eew\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ein\u003Cstrong\u003Eg\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite = Ewg or \u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eeigh\u003Cstrong\u003Ebo\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Erite = Nbo). These types of abbreviation make up 32% of the database.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\"list-item\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E(3)\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E A selection of two to four letters expressing components of the name. These represent the initial letter of a name component in terms of how the word is pronounced (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Eh\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eel\u003Cstrong\u003El\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ean\u003Cstrong\u003Ed\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite = Hld) or as the initial letter of a selected syllable in the word (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ea\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ed\u003Cstrong\u003Er\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ea\u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eosite = Arn). This type of symbol makes up 28% of the collection.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\"list-item\"\u003E\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E(4)\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Four or more lettered abbreviations when prefixes are present (e.g. ferro-, ferri, and magnesio-). These are used when related mineral symbols have been previously defined and the letters are selected to preserve consistency between the mineral abbreviations. (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ehloro\u003Cstrong\u003Ecal\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ecite = Ccal, or \u003Cstrong\u003Em\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eono\u003Cstrong\u003Eh\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eydro\u003Cstrong\u003Ecal\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ecite = Mhcal, where \u003Cstrong\u003Ecal\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ecite = Cal). Longer abbreviations are also selected if short ones are no longer available. (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eatro\u003Cstrong\u003Ezip\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Epeite = Nzip and \u003Cstrong\u003Eni\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eckel\u003Cstrong\u003Ezip\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Epeite = Nizip, where \u003Cstrong\u003Ezip\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Epeite = Zip). This symbol type comprises ca. 12% of the database.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fol\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E A collection of symbols was compiled by first listing published mineral abbreviations from recognised contributions. In the case of conflicting symbols used for the same mineral, for example, Qtz (Kretz, \u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref2\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Kretz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E1983\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) or Qz (Whitney and Evans, \u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) for \u003Cstrong\u003Eq\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Euart\u003Cstrong\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, those proposed by Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) were prioritised. Some departure from this published study was, however, introduced to remove symbols that correspond to elements. In this context, Po, Fl, Mc and Ts have been replaced (using method 2) with the Kretz symbols of Pyh, Flr, Mcc and Tsr for the minerals \u003Cstrong\u003Epy\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Err\u003Cstrong\u003Eh\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eotite, \u003Cstrong\u003Efl\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Euo\u003Cstrong\u003Er\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite, \u003Cstrong\u003Em\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ei\u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ero\u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eline and \u003Cstrong\u003Ets\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eche\u003Cstrong\u003Er\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Emakite, respectively. Other departures from the Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) listing are abbreviations that require prefixes following method (4) so that these abbreviations (12 in total) are consistent with existing mineral symbols (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ef\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eerro-\u003Cstrong\u003Eact\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Einolite = Fact, whereby by \u003Cstrong\u003Eact\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Einolite = Act). This modification was also required to generate a sufficient number of abbreviations for the complete collection of minerals that cannot be covered by using two- and three-letter symbols alone. Despite these differences, the symbols are 93% compatible with Kretz (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref2\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Kretz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E1983\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), 87% with Siivolam and Schmid (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref4\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Siivolam and Schmid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2007\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), 97% with Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), 75% with \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003EThe Canadian Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fem\u003E (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref5\"\u003E2019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) listings and 100% with Warr (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref6\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Warr\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E To add further diversity and character to new symbols, language-related lettering from the original mineral names was introduced (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Elö\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ellingite = lö and \u003Cstrong\u003Ešv\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ee\u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eekite = Švn). It is assumed that suitable multilingual text software is now standard to both authors and journals, which may not have been the case in the past. Abbreviations were also selected to reflect their origin, such as people's names (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ee\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Earl\u003Cstrong\u003Es\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ehan\u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eonite (Earl Shannon) = Esn) or place names (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Elear\u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eree\u003Cstrong\u003Ek\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite = Cck) to which the minerals are dedicated. The symbols for specific mineral species containing elemental information are listed in full (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Eanz\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eaite\u003Cstrong\u003E-\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E(\u003Cstrong\u003ECe\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E) = Anz-Ce or \u003Cstrong\u003Ea\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003El\u003Cstrong\u003El\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ea\u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite\u003Cstrong\u003E-\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E(\u003Cstrong\u003ECe\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E) = Aln-Ce. In the absence of such element information, the mineral symbol can be used in its less specific form (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Eanz\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eaite = Anz or \u003Cstrong\u003Ea\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003El\u003Cstrong\u003El\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ea\u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite = Aln). In the case of mineral phases requiring extensive elemental information for species description, which can lead to long notations, (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ejah\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ensite\u003Cstrong\u003E-\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E(\u003Cstrong\u003ECaFeMg\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E = Jah-CaFeMg), such abbreviations can also be used in their shortened version (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ejah\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ensite = \u003Cstrong\u003EJah\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E) by defining the species in the text on the first occurrence or in the relevant figure or table caption where the symbol is used.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E The collection listed in \u003Ca class=\"xref table\" href=\"#tab01\"\u003ETable 1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E includes the 31 elements that occur as native minerals. Although most of Kretz's pre-existing mineral symbols and those by Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) are adopted, all new symbols have been chosen to maximise consistency in the database so that common mineral names are ideally denoted by the same symbols (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ep\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eseudo\u003Cstrong\u003Es\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ein\u003Cstrong\u003Eh\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ea\u003Cstrong\u003El\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite = Pshl, where P = \u003Cstrong\u003Ep\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eseudo, Shl = \u003Cstrong\u003Es\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ein\u003Cstrong\u003Eh\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ea\u003Cstrong\u003El\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite and Hl = \u003Cstrong\u003Eh\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ea\u003Cstrong\u003El\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite). Where possible, the same symbols are maintained for reoccurring name components such as cb for \u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ear\u003Cstrong\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eide in \u003Cstrong\u003En\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eiobo\u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ear\u003Cstrong\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eide (Ncb) or \u003Cstrong\u003Et\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eantal\u003Cstrong\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ear\u003Cstrong\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eide (Tcb). Additionally, elemental information was retained in symbols (e.g. \u003Cstrong\u003Ebi\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Esmuth = Bi, \u003Cstrong\u003Ebis\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Emite = Bis and \u003Cstrong\u003Ebi\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Esmu\u003Cstrong\u003Et\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite = Bit), as long as this did not conflict with the four methods of nomenclature applied and the need to keep abbreviations as short as possible. Symbols were selected to minimise the average length and, as a whole, the longer names are generally attributed with longer abbreviations. The complete library of mineral symbols, which covers all IMA–CNMNC approved species from the May 2021 version of IMA mineral listing (Pasero, \u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref3\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Pasero\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2021\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), is based on 4 one-lettered symbols, 260 two-lettered symbols, 4205 three-lettered symbols and 1275 four (or more) lettered symbols including specific elemental notations. In addition to the 5703 currently approved species, the library also contains 41 group and subgroup names inherited from the symbols list of Kretz (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref2\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Kretz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E1983\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), Whitney and Evans (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref7\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Whitney and Evans\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) and Warr (\u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref6\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Warr\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). These cover many common mineral names such as \u003Cstrong\u003Ef\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eeld\u003Cstrong\u003Esp\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ear (Fsp), \u003Cstrong\u003Eamp\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Ehibole (Amp), \u003Cstrong\u003Ep\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eyro\u003Cstrong\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eene (Px), \u003Cstrong\u003Echl\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eorite (Chl) and \u003Cstrong\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eio\u003Cstrong\u003Et\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eite (Bt).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E A more detailed mineral symbol dataset is provided as Supplementary material. This can be used as a search and match tool for locating mineral names and their recommended symbols. Lists of symbols used for common name components are also given at the base of the datasheet sorted by mineral. New mineral abbreviations can be selected using the ‘symbol picker’ from the list of available symbols included in the supplementary material. These are to be submitted for approval to the CNMNC as part of a mineral name proposal. New listings of symbols will appear on the official IMA–CNMNCs website and in related publications such as the IMA-CNMNC newsletter (Mills, \u003Ca class=\"xref bibr\" href=\"#ref8\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"show-for-sr\"\u003EReference Mills\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fa\u003E).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"back\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"notes supplementary-material\" data-magellan-destination=\"nts1\" id=\"nts1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"A\"\u003ESupplementary material\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E To view supplementary material for this article, please visit \u003Ca class=\"uri\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.43\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1180\u002Fmgm.2021.43\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"ack\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"A\"\u003E Acknowledgements\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"p\"\u003E I would like to thank all CNMNC members for their feedback on this contribution during the approval process and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",tableOfContent:[{level:v,current:a,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003EIntroduction\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"sec1"},{level:v,current:a,title:"\u003Cdiv class=\"toc-title\"\u003ENomenclature\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",url:"sec2"}],footnotes:[{content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"fn\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAssociate Editor: Anthony R Kampf\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",targetId:"fns1"}],fulltextNotes:[],references:[{id:"ref1",displayNumber:d,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"string-name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBerzelius\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJ.J.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1814\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E) \u003Cspan 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EB.W.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2010\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E) \u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EAbbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Mineralogist\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E95\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E185\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E187\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\"object-id\"\u003E10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3371\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3371\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Abbreviations+for+names+of+rock-forming+minerals&author=Whitney+D.L.&author=Evans+B.W.&publication+year=2010&journal=American+Mineralogist&volume=95&doi=10.2138%2Fam.2010.3371&pages=185-187\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Abbreviations+for+names+of+rock-forming+minerals&author=Whitney+D.L.&author=Evans+B.W.&publication+year=2010&journal=American+Mineralogist&volume=95&doi=10.2138%2Fam.2010.3371&pages=185-187",openUrlParams:{genre:i,atitle:H,jtitle:l,title:l,volume:"95",artnum:"60e2c32905e50d00017d4547",spage:"185",epage:"187",date:B,sid:g,aulast:d,aufirst:d,doi:I,au:d},innerRefId:"cite7",title:H,doi:I,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.2138\u002Fam.2010.3371",pubMedLink:d}]}],figures:[{contentId:"tab01",label:"Table 1.",description:"\u003Cspan class=\"p\"\u003EList of IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols (4753 new and 991 previously defined) *denotes mineral names where abbreviations have been adopted from previous publications. The origin of all symbols are detailed in the Supplementary material.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E",thumbnailSrc:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fbinary\u002Fversion\u002Fid\u002Furn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20210705083147-73505-mediumThumb-S0026461X21000438_tab1.jpg",enlargedSrc:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fbinary\u002Fversion\u002Fid\u002Furn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20210705083147-08174-optimisedImage-S0026461X21000438_tab1.jpg",attrib:[]}]},pdf:{standardResolution:{fileUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fservices\u002Faop-cambridge-core\u002Fcontent\u002Fview\u002F62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A\u002FS0026461X21000438a.pdf\u002Fima-cnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols.pdf",fileSizeInMb:.3,articleTitle:j,slugTitle:"ima-cnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols"},highResolution:e,media:e},classification:[],supplementaryMaterials:[{title:"Warr supplementary material",description:"\u003Cp\u003EWarr supplementary 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