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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post-war period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_collapse_of_Checheno-Ingushetia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_collapse_of_Checheno-Ingushetia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>The collapse of Checheno-Ingushetia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_collapse_of_Checheno-Ingushetia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Maps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chechnya and Ingushetia in the Soviet Union</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_-_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85" title="جمهورية الشيشان - إنغوشيا الاشتراكية السوفيتية ذاتية الحكم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية الشيشان - إنغوشيا الاشتراكية السوفيتية ذاتية الحكم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Aut%C3%B3noma_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Chechenia-Ingushia" title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Chechenia-Ingushia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Chechenia-Ingushia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%93%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чачан-Гъалгъай Автономияб Советияб Социализмаялъул Республика – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чачан-Гъалгъай Автономияб Советияб Социализмаялъул Республика" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87e%C3%A7en-%C4%B0nqu%C5%9F_Muxtar_Sovet_Sosialist_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Çeçen-İnquş Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çeçen-İnquş Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чачэна-Інгушская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чачэна-Інгушская Аўтаномная Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Чачэна-Інгуская АССР – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чачэна-Інгуская АССР" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чечено-ингушка автономна съветска социалистическа република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чечено-ингушка автономна съветска социалистическа република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/OE_Tchetchenia-Ingouchetia" title="OE Tchetchenia-Ingouchetia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="OE Tchetchenia-Ingouchetia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A8tica_Aut%C3%B2noma_de_Txetx%C3%A8nia-Ing%C3%BAixia" title="República Socialista Soviètica Autònoma de Txetxènia-Ingúixia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Socialista Soviètica Autònoma de Txetxènia-Ingúixia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%8Densko-ingu%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_autonomn%C3%AD_sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%A1_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Čečensko-ingušská autonomní sovětská socialistická republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čečensko-ingušská autonomní sovětská socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschetscheno-Inguschetien" title="Tschetscheno-Inguschetien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschetscheno-Inguschetien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1et%C5%A1eeni-Ingu%C5%A1i_ANSV" title="Tšetšeeni-Inguši ANSV – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšetšeeni-Inguši ANSV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF-%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσετσενο-Ινγκουσετική Αυτόνομη Σοβιετική Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσετσενο-Ινγκουσετική Αυτόνομη Σοβιετική Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Aut%C3%B3noma_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Chechenia_e_Ingusetia" title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Chechenia e Ingusetia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética de Chechenia e Ingusetia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%89ena-Ingu%C5%9Da_ASSR" title="Ĉeĉena-Inguŝa ASSR – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĉena-Inguŝa ASSR" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txetxenia-Inguxia" title="Txetxenia-Inguxia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txetxenia-Inguxia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_sovi%C3%A9tique_autonome_de_Tch%C3%A9tch%C3%A9nie-Ingouchie" title="République socialiste soviétique autonome de Tchétchénie-Ingouchie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République socialiste soviétique autonome de Tchétchénie-Ingouchie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%87-%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нохч-ГӀалгӀай Автономе Советий Социалистически Республика – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Нохч-ГӀалгӀай Автономе Советий Социалистически Республика" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%B2%B8-%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC%EC%8B%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98_%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%97%90%ED%8A%B8_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="체첸-인구시 자치 소비에트 사회주의 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체첸-인구시 자치 소비에트 사회주의 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1-%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BB%D4%BD%D5%8D%D5%80" title="Չեչենա-Ինգուշական ԻԽՍՀ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեչենա-Ինգուշական ԻԽՍՀ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonoma_Republiko_Socialista_Sovietiana_Chechenia-Ingushia" title="Autonoma Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Chechenia-Ingushia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Autonoma Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Chechenia-Ingushia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Otonom_Chechnya-Ingush" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Otonom Chechnya-Ingush – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Otonom Chechnya-Ingush" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D1%86%C3%A6%D0%BD-%D0%9C%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%85%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Цæцæн-Мæхъхъæлы Автономон Советон Социалистон Республикæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæцæн-Мæхъхъæлы Автономон Советон Социалистон Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Socialista_Sovietica_Autonoma_di_Cecenia-Inguscezia" title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Autonoma di Cecenia-Inguscezia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Autonoma di Cecenia-Inguscezia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ჩეჩნეთ-ინგუშეთის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეჩნეთ-ინგუშეთის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Шешен-Ингуш Автономиялы Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шешен-Ингуш Автономиялы Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%8Denijas-Ingu%C5%A1ijas_APSR" title="Čečenijas-Ingušijas APSR – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čečenijas-Ingušijas APSR" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csecsen%E2%80%93Ingus_Auton%C3%B3m_Szovjet_Szocialista_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Csecsen–Ingus Autonóm Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csecsen–Ingus Autonóm Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чеченско-ингушка Автономна Советска Социјалистичка Република – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чеченско-ингушка Автономна Советска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjetsjeens-Ingoesjetische_Autonome_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Tsjetsjeens-Ingoesjetische Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjetsjeens-Ingoesjetische Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="チェチェン・イングーシ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェチェン・イングーシ自治ソビエト社会主義共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%87-%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нохч-ГӀалгӀайн Автономин Советийн Социалистийн Республика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нохч-ГӀалгӀайн Автономин Советийн Социалистийн Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen-Ingush_Avtonom_Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikasi" title="Chechen-Ingush Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chechen-Ingush Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B4_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="چیچن-انگش خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیچن-انگش خود مختار سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czecze%C5%84sko-Inguska_Autonomiczna_Socjalistyczna_Republika_Radziecka" title="Czeczeńsko-Inguska Autonomiczna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czeczeńsko-Inguska Autonomiczna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Aut%C3%B3noma_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_da_Checheno-Inguch%C3%A9tia" title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética da Checheno-Inguchétia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Autónoma Socialista Soviética da Checheno-Inguchétia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Autonom%C4%83_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Ceceno-Ingu%C8%99%C4%83" title="Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Ceceno-Ingușă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Ceceno-Ingușă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чечено-Ингушская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чечено-Ингушская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чеченско-Ингушка Аутономна Совјетска Социјалистичка Република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чеченско-Ингушка Аутономна Совјетска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%8Deno-Ingu%C5%A1etija" title="Čečeno-Ingušetija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čečeno-Ingušetija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1et%C5%A1eenien_ja_inguu%C5%A1ien_autonominen_sosialistinen_neuvostotasavalta" title="Tšetšeenien ja inguušien autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšetšeenien ja inguušien autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjetjeno-Ingusjiska_ASSR" title="Tjetjeno-Ingusjiska ASSR – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjetjeno-Ingusjiska ASSR" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awtonomong_Sobyetikong_Sosyalistang_Republika_ng_Chechenya-Ingusetiya" title="Awtonomong Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Chechenya-Ingusetiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Awtonomong Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Chechenya-Ingusetiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87e%C3%A7en-%C4%B0ngu%C5%9F_%C3%96zerk_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Çeçen-İnguş Özerk Sovyet Sosyalist 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">History of Caucasus regions during Soviet rule</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Chechen Autonomous Oblast <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1922–1934)</span><br />Ingush Autonomous Oblast <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1924–1934)</span><br />Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1934–1936)</span><br />Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1936–1944, 1957–1993)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union">Autonomous oblast of the RSFSR</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics">ASSR</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1922–1944<br />1957–1993</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Checheno-Ingush ASSR"><img alt="Flag of Checheno-Ingush ASSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_the_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_the_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_the_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Chechnya" title="Flag of Chechnya">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Checheno-Ingush ASSR"><img alt="Coat of arms of Checheno-Ingush ASSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Coat_of_arms_of_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.png/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Coat_of_arms_of_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.png/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Coat_of_arms_of_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.png/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chechen-Ingush_ASSR.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1287" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chechen_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the Chechen Republic">Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/220px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/330px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg/440px-Soviet_Caucasus_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="629" /></a></span><br />Map of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a><br />including the Checheno-Ingush ASSR</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Regional_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional anthem">Anthem</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">"<a href="/wiki/My_Checheno-Ingushetia" title="My Checheno-Ingushetia">My Checheno-Ingushetia</a>"<br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Чечено-Ингушетия Моя</span></span><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="111" data-mwtitle="Гимн_Чечено-Ингушской_АССР_Чечено-Ингушетия_моя_(_Rus_sub_)-HQ.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F_%28_Rus_sub_%29-HQ.ogg/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F_%28_Rus_sub_%29-HQ.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F_%28_Rus_sub_%29-HQ.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Chechen</li><li>Ingush</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chechen-language text"><span lang="ce">Ерриг Пачхьалкхийн Пролетареш, Цхьаьнакхета!</span></span><br />(<i><a href="/wiki/Workers_of_the_world,_unite!" title="Workers of the world, unite!">Workers of the world, unite!</a></i>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data">20th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Chechen Autonomous Oblast formed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 November 1922</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Ingush Autonomous oblast formed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 July 1924</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Unification of <a href="/wiki/Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Ingush Autonomous Oblast">Ingush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Chechen Autonomous Oblast">Chechen</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union">autonomous oblasts</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 January 1934</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Elevation into an ASSR </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 December 1936</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Chechens_and_Ingush" title="Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush">Liquidated</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 March 1944</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Autonomous Republic restored </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 January 1957</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Sovereignty declared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Renamed the Checheno-Ingush Republic </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 May 1992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• The Checheno-Ingush Republic divided into Ingush and Chechen <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">republics</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">June 1992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Dissolved </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 January 1993</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contained within</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Country</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> (1922, constituent republic from 1922–1991)<br /><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1922–1991)<br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="History of the Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> (1991–1993)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_the_Mountain_ASSR_%281924_possible_reconstruction%29.png/20px-Flag_of_the_Mountain_ASSR_%281924_possible_reconstruction%29.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_the_Mountain_ASSR_%281924_possible_reconstruction%29.png/30px-Flag_of_the_Mountain_ASSR_%281924_possible_reconstruction%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_the_Mountain_ASSR_%281924_possible_reconstruction%29.png/40px-Flag_of_the_Mountain_ASSR_%281924_possible_reconstruction%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1280" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic"><b>1922:</b><br />Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" title="Stavropol Krai"><b>1944:</b><br />Stavropol Krai</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="North Ossetian ASSR">North Ossetian ASSR</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Dagestan_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagestan ASSR">Dagestan ASSR</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931954%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian SSR">Georgian SSR</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931951%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931951%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931951%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931951%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931951%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281937%E2%80%931951%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria"><b>1991:</b><br />Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia"><b>1992:</b><br />Ingushetia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Ingushetia_1994.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ingushetia_1994.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Ingushetia_1994.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ingushetia_1994.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Ingushetia_1994.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ingushetia_1994.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><br /> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a><br /> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> existed, different governments had ruled the northern Caucasus regions of <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a>. Within the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic</a>, later annexed into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic</a>, they were known as the <b>Chechen Autonomous Oblast</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <b>Ingush Autonomous Oblast</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were unified on January 15, 1934, to form the <b>Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was elevated to an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union">autonomous republic</a> as the <b>Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1936 to 1944 and again from 1957 to 1993. Its capital was <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>. </p><p>However, because of alleged collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the autonomous republic was abolished on 7 March 1944 resulting the <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Chechens_and_Ingush" title="Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush">ethnic cleansing of the Chechens and Ingush</a> from its territory. The autonomous republic's status was restored in January 1957. The 1979 census reported the territory had an area of 19,300 square kilometres (7,500 sq mi) and a population of 1,155,805 (<a href="/wiki/1979_Soviet_census" title="1979 Soviet census">1979 Census</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-Census1979_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1979-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 611,405 <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a>, 134,744 <a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a>, and the rest were <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> and other ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1979_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1979-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Chechnya" title="Category:History of Chechnya">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya" title="History of Chechnya">History of <span class="fn org label">Chechnya</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 0px solid #ccc;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chechnya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Chechnya"><img alt="Coat of arms of Chechnya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_arms_of_Chechnya.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chechnya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_arms_of_Chechnya.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chechnya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Coat_of_arms_of_Chechnya.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chechnya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="812" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya#Prehistoric_and_archeological_finds" title="History of Chechnya">Prehistory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maykop_culture" title="Maykop culture">Maykop culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya#Kayakent_culture" title="History of Chechnya">Kayakent culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharachoi_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharachoi culture">Kharachoi culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban_culture" title="Koban culture">Koban culture</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya#Ancient" title="History of Chechnya">Ancient</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durdzuks" title="Durdzuks">Durdzuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya#Medieval" title="History of Chechnya">Medieval</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alania" title="Alania">Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsim" title="Simsim">Simsim</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Early modern</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya#_Ichkeria" title="History of Chechnya">Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Imamate" title="Caucasian Imamate">Caucasian Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechens_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="History of Chechens in the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> Modern</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mountainous_Republic_of_the_Northern_Caucasus" title="Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus">Mountain Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1917–1921</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_Emirate" title="North Caucasian Emirate">North Caucasian Emirate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1919–1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chechen_National_Okrug" title="Chechen National Okrug">Chechen National Okrug</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1920–1922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Chechen Autonomous Oblast">Chechen Autonomous Oblast</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1922–1934</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast">Checheno-Ingush Aut. Oblast</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1934–1936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush ASSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1936–1944</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Grozny_Oblast" title="Grozny Oblast">Grozny Oblast</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1944–1957</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush ASSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1957–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 1991–2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechen Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-size:88%"> 2000–present</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Chechnya" title="Template:History of Chechnya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Chechnya" title="Template talk:History of Chechnya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Chechnya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Chechnya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Empire">Russian Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Russian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in 1770.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1810 a treaty facilitated Ingushetia's further integration into Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ingush needed an alliance with the Russians to protect their villages; at the same time, they hoped to gain political support in opposing the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Kabardians" title="Kabardians">Kabardian</a> and Aksai princes. Finally, these agreements contributed to Ingushetia's economic development in the spread context of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism_in_the_nineteenth_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalism in the nineteenth century">capitalist relations</a>. The agreement of 23 August 1810 gave the Ingush the right to use the lands on the right side of the <a href="/wiki/Terek_(river)" title="Terek (river)">Terek River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1859 historical <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> was annexed to Russia as well, in the context of the long <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_War" title="Caucasian War">Caucasian War</a> of 1817–64.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_period">Soviet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> of 1917, on January 20, 1921, Chechnya and Ingushetia joined the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. Partition of the Mountain ASSR began shortly after it was formed, and its Chechen District was separated on November 30, 1922, as <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Chechen Autonomous Oblast">Chechen Autonomous Oblast</a>. On July 7, 1924, the remains of the Mountain ASSR were split into <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_Autonomous_Oblast" title="North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast">North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Ingush Autonomous Oblast">Ingush Autonomous Oblast</a>. On January 15, 1934, Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Oblasts were joined into <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast">Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast</a>, which was elevated in status to that of an ASSR (<b>Checheno-Ingush ASSR</b>) on December 5, 1936. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in 1942–43, the republic was partly occupied by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> while 40,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Chechens fought in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. On March 7, 1944, on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a>, the republic was disbanded and its <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Chechens_and_Ingush" title="Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush">population forcibly deported</a> upon the accusations of <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">collaboration</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abolish_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abolish-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory of the ASSR was divided between <a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol Krai</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Grozny_Oblast" title="Grozny Oblast">Grozny Oblast</a> was formed), the <a href="/wiki/Dagestan_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagestan ASSR">Dagestan ASSR</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="North Ossetian ASSR">North Ossetian ASSR</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian SSR">Georgian SSR</a> where the extra territory was known as the Akhalkhevi District until 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_period">Post-war period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-war period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 9, 1957, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Khruschev</a> implemented a policy which allowed deportees and their families to return, and the republic was <a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Chechen-Ingush_autonomy" title="Restoration of Chechen-Ingush autonomy">restored</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reinstate_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reinstate-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_collapse_of_Checheno-Ingushetia">The collapse of Checheno-Ingushetia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The collapse of Checheno-Ingushetia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Sovereignty_of_the_Chechen_Republic" title="Declaration of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic">Declaration of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic</a></div> <p>On November 27, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adopted a declaration on the state sovereignty of the Checheno-Ingush Republic,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on May 24, 1991, according to the amendments to Art. 71 of the Constitution of the RSFSR, the autonomous republic began to be called the <b>Checheno-Ingush SSR</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decision before the dissolution of the USSR (December 1991) was not consistent with Art. 85 of the Constitution of the USSR, which retained the name of the <b>Checheno-Ingush ASSR</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 8, 1991, at the initiative of <a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Dudayev" title="Dzhokhar Dudayev">Dzhokhar Dudayev</a>, a part of the delegates of the First Chechen National Congress gathered in Grozny, which proclaimed itself the <a href="/wiki/All-National_Congress_of_the_Chechen_People" title="All-National Congress of the Chechen People">All-National Congress of the Chechen People</a> (OKChN).<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-versia.ru_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, was proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the leaders of the Supreme Soviet of the republic were declared "usurpers".<sup id="cite_ref-versia.ru_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">The events of August 19–22, 1991 in Moscow</a> became the catalyst for a socio-political explosion in Checheno-Ingushetia. The organizer and leader of the mass movement was the executive committee of the OKChN headed by Dzhokhar Dudaev. After the failure of the GKChP, the executive committee of the OKChN and organizations of the national-radical wing came forward with a demand for the resignation of the Supreme Soviet of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and the holding of new elections. On September 1–2, the 3rd session of the OKChN declared the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic "deposed" and transferred all power in the Chechen part of the republic to the executive committee of the OKChN.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>September 6, 1991 Dudayev announced the dissolution of the republican power structures.<sup id="cite_ref-versia.ru_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armed supporters of OKChN occupied the building of the TV center and the House of Radio,<sup id="cite_ref-versia.ru_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took by storm the House of Political Education, where the meeting of the Supreme Council was held.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this day, the Supreme Soviet met in full force, heads of local councils, clergy, and heads of enterprises were invited for consultations. Dudayev and other leaders of the OKChN decided to take the building by storm. More than 40 deputies of the Checheno-Ingush parliament were beaten, and the chairman of the Grozny City Council, Vitaly Kutsenko, was thrown out of the window by the separatists, and then finished off in the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-versia.ru_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Doku_Zavgayev" title="Doku Zavgayev">Doku Zavgayev</a> resigned from the post of chairman of the Supreme Council of Checheno-Ingushetia under pressure from protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 15, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khasbulatov" title="Ruslan Khasbulatov">Ruslan Khasbulatov</a> arrived in Grozny.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under his leadership in the absence of a quorum<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last session of the Supreme Soviet of the republic was held, at which the deputies decided to dissolve the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of negotiations between Khasbulatov and the leaders of the executive committee of the OKChN as a temporary authority for the period before the elections (scheduled for November 17) the Provisional Supreme Council of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR was formed of 32 deputies,<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reduced shortly to 13 deputies,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then up to 9.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudaev's ally Khusein Akhmadov was elected chairman of the Provisional Supreme Council of Checheno-Ingushetia. Assistant to Khasbulatov Yuri Cherny became the deputy chairman of the council.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the beginning of October 1991, a conflict arose in the Provisional High Council between supporters of the OKChN (4 members, headed by Khusein Akhmadov) and his opponents (5 members, headed by Yuri Cherny). Akhmadov, on behalf of the entire Council, issued a number of laws and decrees that created the legal basis for the activities of the executive committee of the OKChN as the supreme authority, on October 1, announced the division of the Checheno-Ingush Republic into an independent Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho) and the Ingush Autonomous Republic within the RSFSR.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 5, 7 out of 9 members of the Provisional Supreme Council made a decision on the resignation of Akhmedov and on the abolition of illegal acts. On the same day, the National Guard of the executive committee of the OKChN seized the building of the House of Trade Unions, in which the Council sat, and also seized the building of the KGB of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 6, the executive committee of the OKChN announced the dissolution of the Provisional Supreme Council "for subversive and provocative activities". The Council did not comply with this decision and the very next day made a decision to resume activity in full force (32 deputies). Lawyer Badruddin Bakhmadov was elected as the new chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 8, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR declared the Provisional Supreme Soviet to be the only legitimate body of state power on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia until the election of a new composition of the Supreme Soviet of the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 27, 1991, under the control of supporters of the OKChN<sup id="cite_ref-versia.ru_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Chechen part of the republic, <a href="/wiki/1991_Chechen_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Chechen presidential election">presidential</a> and parliamentary elections were held for the Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho). Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected President of the self-proclaimed republic.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results of the elections were not recognized by the Council of Ministers of Checheno-Ingushetia, heads of enterprises and departments, heads of a number of regions of the autonomous republic.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 2, 1991, by the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, these elections were declared illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structures of previous power remained for several months after the September coup of Dudayev. Thus, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB of Checheno-Ingushetia were abolished only by the end of 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-pravda.ru_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pravda.ru-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On November 7, the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin issued a decree declaring a state of emergency on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, practical measures to implement it have failed. Two planes with special forces that landed at the airfield in Khankala were blocked by Chechen separatists.<sup id="cite_ref-memo.ru_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memo.ru-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaders of anti-Dudayev parties and movements went over to the side of Chechen separatists. The Provisional Supreme Council of Checheno-Ingushetia and its militia disintegrated in the first days of the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-memo.ru_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memo.ru-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 8, Chechen guards blocked the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB, as well as military camps.<sup id="cite_ref-versia.ru_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 11, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR refused to approve the decree of President Yeltsin on the introduction of a state of emergency in Checheno-Ingushetia.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>November 30 – December 1, 1991 in three Ingush regions of Checheno-Ingushetia – Malgobek, Nazran and Sunzhensky – a referendum was held on the creation of the Ingush Republic within the RSFSR. 75% of the Ingush population took part in the referendum, 90% were in favor.<sup id="cite_ref-memo.ru_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memo.ru-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Revolution" title="Chechen Revolution">Chechen Revolution</a> the Checheno-Ingushetia was de facto divided into the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and Ingushetia,<sup id="cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which remained outside the territorial-administrative division.<sup id="cite_ref-pravda.ru_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pravda.ru-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On May 16, 1992, according to the amendment to the Constitution of the RSFSR, the de facto disintegrated Checheno-Ingush SSR received the name <b>Checheno-Ingush Republic</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 4, 1992, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation adopted the Law on the Education of the Ingush Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of the republic was submitted for approval by the supreme authority of Russia – the Congress of People's Deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 10, 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the formation of the Ingush Republic by its resolution<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and made a corresponding amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Constitution_of_1978" title="Russian Constitution of 1978">Constitution of the RSFSR 1978</a>, which officially divided the Checheno-Ingush Republic into the <a href="/wiki/Ingush_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingush Republic">Ingush Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chechen Republic">Chechen Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This amendment was published on December 29, 1992, in the "<a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a>" and entered into force on January 9, 1993, after 10 days from the date of official publication.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Vital statistics</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Births </th> <th>Deaths </th> <th>Birth rate </th> <th>Death rate </th></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td align="right">22,651 </td> <td align="right">6,075 </td> <td align="right">21.2 </td> <td align="right">5.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td align="right">22,783 </td> <td align="right">6,469 </td> <td align="right">20.4 </td> <td align="right">5.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td align="right">24,291 </td> <td align="right">7,711 </td> <td align="right">20.7 </td> <td align="right">6.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td align="right">30,745 </td> <td align="right">10,170 </td> <td align="right">25.0 </td> <td align="right">8.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td align="right">31,993 </td> <td align="right">11,039 </td> <td align="right">28.2 </td> <td align="right">9.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td align="right">31,498 </td> <td align="right">11,081 </td> <td align="right">26.3 </td> <td align="right">9.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td align="right">28,875 </td> <td align="right">10,666 </td> <td align="right">23.1 </td> <td align="right">8.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>Ethnic groups</b></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>1926 census<sup>1</sup> </th> <th>1939 census </th> <th>1959 census </th> <th>1970 census </th> <th>1979 census </th> <th>1989 census </th> <th>2002 census<sup>1</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> </td> <td align="right">295,762 (61.4%) </td> <td align="right">368,446 (52.9%) </td> <td align="right">243,974 (34.3%) </td> <td align="right">508,898 (47.8%) </td> <td align="right">611,405 (52.9%) </td> <td align="right">734,501 (57.8%) </td> <td align="right">1,127,050 (71.7%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ingushes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingushes">Ingushes</a> </td> <td align="right">70,084 (14.5%) </td> <td align="right">83,798 (12.0%) </td> <td align="right">48,273 (6.8%) </td> <td align="right">113,675 (10.7%) </td> <td align="right">134,744 (11.7%) </td> <td align="right">163,762 (12.9%) </td> <td align="right">363,971 (23.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td align="right">78,196 (16.2%) </td> <td align="right">201,010 (28.8%) </td> <td align="right">348,343 (49.0%) </td> <td align="right">366,959 (34.5%) </td> <td align="right">336,044 (29.1%) </td> <td align="right">293,771 (23.1%) </td> <td align="right">46,204 (2.9%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td align="right">38,038 (7.9%) </td> <td align="right">43,761 (6.3%) </td> <td align="right">69,834 (9.8%) </td> <td align="right">74,939 (7.0%) </td> <td align="right">73,612 (6.4%) </td> <td align="right">78,395 (6.2%) </td> <td align="right">33,755 (2.1%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <ol><li>Combined results of <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maps">Maps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Maps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast"><img alt="Map of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast.jpg/75px-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast.jpg/113px-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast.jpg/150px-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6886" data-file-height="10992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chechen-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast_(1934%E2%80%931936).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast"><img alt="Map of Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Chechen-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast_%281934%E2%80%931936%29.svg/120px-Chechen-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast_%281934%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Chechen-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast_%281934%E2%80%931936%29.svg/180px-Chechen-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast_%281934%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Chechen-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast_%281934%E2%80%931936%29.svg/240px-Chechen-Ingush_Autonomous_Oblast_%281934%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chechnya" title="History of Chechnya">History of Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Communist_Chechnya" title="List of leaders of Communist Chechnya">List of leaders of Communist Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Regional_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Checheno-Ingush Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Checheno-Ingush Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_liberation_struggle_of_the_Ingush_people" class="mw-redirect" title="National liberation struggle of the Ingush people">National liberation struggle of the Ingush people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Чеченская автономная область</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Chechenskaya avtonomnaya oblast'</i></span>, also known as the <b>Autonomous Oblast of Chechnya</b>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">автономная область Чечни</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">avtonomnaya oblast' Chechni</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ingush_language" title="Ingush language">Ingush</a>: <span lang="inh">ГӀалгӀай автономе область</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Ingush-language romanization"><i lang="inh-Latn">Ġalġay avtonome oblast'</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ингушская автономная область</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Ingushskaya avtonomnaya oblast'</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Чечено-Ингушская автономная област</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Checheno-Ingushskaya avtonomnaya oblast'</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a>: <span lang="ce">Нохч-ГӀалгӀайн Автономнин Советски Социалистически Республика</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Chechen-language romanization"><i lang="ce-Latn">Noxç-Ġalġayn Avtonomnin Sovetski Socialistiçeski Respublika</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ingush_language" title="Ingush language">Ingush</a>: <span lang="inh">Нохч-ГӀалгӀай Автономе Советий Социализма Республика</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Ingush-language romanization"><i lang="inh-Latn">Noxç-Ġalġay Avtonome Sovetiy Socializma Respublika</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Чече́но-Ингу́шская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Checheno-Ingushskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHeaneyMcIntyre2013" class="citation book cs1">Heaney, Dominic; McIntyre, Philip, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oeskuLMGrTwC&pg=PA39"><i>The Territories of the Russian Federation 2013</i></a> (14th ed.). Oxfordshire: Routledge. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857436754" title="Special:BookSources/9781857436754"><bdi>9781857436754</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-461X">1465-461X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Territories+of+the+Russian+Federation+2013&rft.place=Oxfordshire&rft.pages=39&rft.edition=14th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1465-461X&rft.isbn=9781857436754&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoeskuLMGrTwC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChechnya+and+Ingushetia+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет. Декрет от 30 ноября 1922 г. «Об образовании автономной области Чечни».</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Central_Executive_Committee" title="All-Russian Central Executive Committee">All-Russian Central Executive Committee</a>. Decree of November 30, 1922 <i>On the Establishment of the Autonomous Oblast of Chechnya</i>. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><i>Большая советская энциклопедия</i>. 1937.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.date=1937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChechnya+and+Ingushetia+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAskerov2015" class="citation book cs1">Askerov, Ali (22 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L0jDCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA76"><i>Historical Dictionary of the Chechen Conflict</i></a>. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442249257" title="Special:BookSources/9781442249257"><bdi>9781442249257</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chechen+Conflict&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft.isbn=9781442249257&rft.aulast=Askerov&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL0jDCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChechnya+and+Ingushetia+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1979-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1979_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1979_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_79.xls">"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России"</a> [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia.]. <i>Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics)</i> (in Russian). 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Demoscope+Weekly+%28website+of+the+Institute+of+Demographics+of+the+State+University%E2%80%94Higher+School+of+Economics%29&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1979+%D0%B3.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.&rft.date=1979&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus_nac_79.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChechnya+and+Ingushetia+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/259042/">Исторические документы свидетельствуют о добровольном вхождении Ингушетии в состав России</a>, <i>kavkaz-uzel.eu</i>, 17 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hiddenshell.ru/en/istoriya-ingushei-gruzinskimi-istorikami-ingushi-poddanstvo-rossiiskoi/">History of the Ingush by Georgian historians. Ingush. Citizenship of the Russian Empire</a>, <i>hiddenshell.ru</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agieva, L. T., Dolgieva, M. B., Yandieva, T. U., & Teboev, I. A. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.12.8">Some Issues Of Socio-Economic Consequences Of Ingushetia's Accession To Russia</a>. In D. K. Bataev, S. A. Gapurov, A. D. Osmaev, V. K. Akaev, L. M. Idigova, M. R. Ovhadov, A. R. Salgiriev, & M. M. Betilmerzaeva (Eds.), <i>Knowledge, Man and Civilization</i> - ISCKMC 2022, vol 129. <i>European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences</i> (pp. 62-71). European Publisher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Doku-Umarov">Chechnya</a>, <i>britannica.com</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abolish-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abolish_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Президиум Верховного Совета СССР. Указ от 7 марта 1944 г «<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%A3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_07.03.1944_%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="s:ru:Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 07.03.1944 о ликвидации Чечено-Ингушской АССР и об административном устройстве ее территории">О ликвидации Чечено-Ингушской АССР и об административном устройстве её территории</a>».</span></span> (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of 7 March 1944 <i>On Abolishment of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and on the Administrative Structure of Its Territory</i>. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Geography of Georgia: Problems and Perspectives</i> Bondyrev, Davitashvili & Singh, p25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reinstate-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reinstate_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Президиум Верховного Совета СССР. Указ от 9 января 1957 г «<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%A3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_09.01.1957_%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A4%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="extiw" title="s:ru:Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 09.01.1957 о восстановлении Чечено-Ингушской АССР в составе РСФСР">О восстановлении Чечено-Ингушской АССР и упразднении Грозненской области</a>».</span></span> (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of 9 January 1957 <i>On Reinstatement of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and on Abolishment of Grozny Oblast</i>. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chechenlaw.ru/?p=55">Декларация о государственном суверенитете Чечено-Ингушской республики</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183124/">Закон РСФСР от 24 мая 1991 года «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) РСФСР»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/red_1977/1549448/">Конституция СССР в редакции от 26 декабря 1990 г.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-igpi.ru-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-igpi.ru_20-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igpi.ru/monitoring/1047645476/oct_97/chechen.html">Чеченская Республика Ичкерия. Общий обзор</a> // IGPI.RU</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-versia.ru-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-versia.ru_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-versia.ru_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-versia.ru_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-versia.ru_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-versia.ru_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-versia.ru_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-versia.ru_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://versia.ru/v-1991-godu-usmirit-chechnyu-mozhno-bylo-silami-specnaza">Десять дней, которые отменили мир</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chechenlaw.ru/?p=749">РЕШЕНИЕ ОБЩЕНАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО КОНГРЕССА (СЪЕЗДА) ЧЕЧЕНСКОГО НАРОДА (г. Грозный, 8 июня 1991 г.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowbysight.info/1_RSFSR/09176.asp">Чеченская Республика Нохчи-чо</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Зайченко Григорий</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/738">Чечено-Ингушетия: кунаки Ельцина взяли власть</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Комиссия Говорухина. — С. 18. — М. : Издательство "Лавента", 1995. — 176 с.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ойховиков Андрей, Сигал Лев</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1097">Чечено-Ингушетия провозгласила независимость от России и Союза</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawmix.ru/expertlaw/272985">Постановление Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 8 октября 1991 года № 1723-I «О политической ситуации в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Глебов Роман</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1251">Выборы в Чеченской республике</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901606038">Постановление Съезда народных депутатов РСФСР от 2 ноября 1991 года № 1847-I «О признании незаконными выборов, проведенных 27 октября 1991 года в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pravda.ru-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pravda.ru_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pravda.ru_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.ru/accidents/06-09-2001/832840-0/">ДЕСЯТЬ ЛЕТ НАЗАД БЫЛ РАЗОГНАН ВЕРХОВНЫЙ СОВЕТ ЧЕЧЕНО-ИНГУШЕТИИ. ДЖОХАР ДУДАЕВ ВОСПОЛЬЗОВАЛСЯ БЕЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ РОССИЙСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/390">Указ Президента РСФСР от 7 ноября 1991 года № 178 «О введении чрезвычайного положения в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-memo.ru-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-memo.ru_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-memo.ru_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-memo.ru_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119162608fw_/http://www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/chechen/itogi/xp90.htm">РОССИЯ-ЧЕЧНЯ: цепь ошибок и преступлений</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901606876">Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 11 ноября 1991 года N 1855-I "Об Указе Президента РСФСР от 7 ноября 1991 г. «О введении чрезвычайного положения в Чечено-Ингушской Республике»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183094/">Закон Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 1992 года № 2708-I «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики»</a> // «Российская газета», 16 мая 1992 года, № 111 (447), с. 3–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901607658">"Закон РФ от 04 июня 1992 года № 2927-1 "Об образовании Ингушской Республики в составе Российской Федерации"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%A4+%D0%BE%D1%82+04+%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F+1992+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%E2%84%96+2927-1+%22%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.cntd.ru%2Fdocument%2F901607658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChechnya+and+Ingushetia+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.cntd.ru/document/499058691">"Постановление Верховного Совета РФ от 04 июня 1992 г. "О порядке введения в действие Закона Российской Федерации "Об образовании Ингушской Республики в составе Российской Федерации""<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%A4+%D0%BE%D1%82+04+%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F+1992+%D0%B3.+%22%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%22%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%22%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.cntd.ru%2Fdocument%2F499058691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChechnya+and+Ingushetia+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=110&issid=1101992052000&docid=700">Постановление Съезда народных депутатов Российской Федерации от 10 декабря 1992 г. № 4070-I «О Законе Российской Федерации "Об образовании Ингушской Республики в составе Российской Федерации"»</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183098/">Закон Российской Федерации от 10 декабря 1992 г. N 4071-I «О внесении изменений в статью 71 Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Федерации – России»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politika.su/doc/zak90a.html">Законы РСФСР/РФ 1990—1993 и поправки к ним до весны 1995</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechnya_and_Ingushetia_in_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFГенко1930" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Генко, А. Н (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dzurdzuki.com/download/genko-a-n-iz-kulturnogo-proshlogo-ingushej-1930/"><i>Из культурного прошлого ингушей</i></a> (in Russian). Ленинград: Издательство Академии наук СССР. pp. 681–761.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%B7+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.place=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pages=681-761&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=%D0%90.+%D0%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzurdzuki.com%2Fdownload%2Fgenko-a-n-iz-kulturnogo-proshlogo-ingushej-1930%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChechnya+and+Ingushetia+in+the+Soviet+Union" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Buryat</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crimea in the Soviet Union">Crimean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Gorno-Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardin_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%931936)" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)">Kirghiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhichevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">North Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_German_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Volga German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;;line-height:1.3em;">By years<br />of existence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1918–24  <a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkestan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup><br /> 1918–41  <a href="/wiki/Volga_German_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Volga German</a><sup><small>4</small></sup><br /> 1919–90  <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Bashkir</a><br /> 1920–25  <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz</a><sup><small>2</small></sup><br /> 1920–90  <a href="/wiki/Tatar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tatar</a><br /> 1921–91  <a href="/wiki/Adjarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Adjarian</a><br /> 1921–45  <a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crimea in the Soviet Union">Crimean</a><br /> 1921–91  <a href="/wiki/Dagestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Dagestan</a><br /> 1921–24  <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mountain</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1921–90  <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhichevan</a><br /> 1922–91  <a href="/wiki/Yakut_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Yakut</a><br /> 1923–90  <a href="/wiki/Buryat_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Buryat</a><sup><small>1</small></sup><br /> 1923–40  <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a><br /> 1924–40  <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian</a><br /> 1924–29  <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik</a><br /> 1925–92  <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Chuvash</a><sup><small>5</small></sup><br /> 1925–36  <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh</a><sup><small>2</small></sup><br /> 1926–36  <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%931936)" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)">Kirghiz</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1931–92  <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz</a><br /> 1932–92  <a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karakalpak</a><br /> 1934–90  <a href="/wiki/Mordovian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mordovian</a><br /> 1934–90  <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Udmurt</a><sup><small>6</small></sup><br /> 1935–43  <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a><br /> 1936–44  <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a><br /> 1936–44  <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a><br /> 1936–90  <a href="/wiki/Komi_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Komi</a><br /> 1936–90  <a href="/wiki/Mari_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Mari</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;width:24%;"><div> <p>1936–90  <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">North Ossetian</a><br /> 1944–57  <a href="/wiki/Kabardin_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardin</a><br /> 1956–91  <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelian</a><br /> 1957–92  <a href="/wiki/Checheno-Ingush_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Checheno-Ingush</a><br /> 1957–91  <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkarian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kabardino-Balkarian</a><br /> 1958–90  <a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Kalmyk</a><br /> 1961–92  <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tuvan</a><br /> 1990–91  <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altai_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Gorno-Altai</a><br /> 1991–92  <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1991–1992)">Crimean</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>Buryat–Mongol</b> until 1958.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh ASSR</a></b> was called <b><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1920%E2%80%931925)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)">Kirghiz ASSR</a></b> until 1925</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>3</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1920</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>4</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1923</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>5</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1925</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><sup><small>6</small></sup> Autonomous Republic since 1934</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks 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