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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_and_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Origin and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Stops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fricatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fricatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Fricatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fricatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonorants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonorants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Sonorants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonorants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Morphology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Adjectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_Text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_Text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sample Text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_Text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maithili language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 84 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة المايثيلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة المايثيلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মৈথিলী ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মৈথিলী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_maithili" title="Idioma maithili – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma maithili" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maythili_dili" title="Maythili dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maythili dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مایتهیلی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایتهیلی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মৈথিলী ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৈথিলী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="मैथिली – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैथिली" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitileg" title="Maitileg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maitileg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_(sprog)" title="Maithili (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maithili (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithiligiella" title="Maithiligiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Maithiligiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Γλώσσα Μαϊθίλι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Μαϊθίλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_maithili" title="Idioma maithili – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma maithili" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majtila_lingvo" title="Majtila lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Majtila lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithiliera" title="Maithiliera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maithiliera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زبان مایتهیلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مایتهیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_bhasa" title="Maithili bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Maithili bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%AFthili" title="Maïthili – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maïthili" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_maithili" title="Lingua maithili – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua maithili" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="મૈથિલી ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મૈથિલી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B8%EC%96%B4" title="마이틸어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이틸어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Maithili" title="Asụsụ Maithili – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Maithili" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Maithili" title="Bahasa Maithili – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Maithili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Майтхили – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Майтхили" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_maithili" title="Lingua maithili – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua maithili" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮೈಥಿಲಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೈಥಿಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მაიტილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაიტილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimaithili" title="Kimaithili – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimaithili" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Майтхили – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Майтхили" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Maithili" title="Lingua Maithili – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Maithili" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili%C5%B3_kalba" title="Maithilių kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maithilių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="മൈഥിലി ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈഥിലി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მაიტჰილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაიტჰილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="المايثيليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المايثيليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مایتهیلی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مایتهیلی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मैथिली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="マイティリー語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイティリー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Майтхили – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Майтхили" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B3%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ମୈଥିଳୀ ଭାଷା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୈଥିଳୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੈਥਿਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਥਿਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="میتھلی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میتھلی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_maithili" title="Lenga maithili – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga maithili" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_maithili" title="Język maithili – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język maithili" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_maitili" title="Língua maitili – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua maitili" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Майтхили – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Майтхили" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिलीभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मैथिलीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maithili language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%BF%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ميٿلي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميٿلي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زمانی مایسیلی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی مایسیلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Маитхили (језик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маитхили (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_jezik" title="Maithili jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maithili jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithilin_kieli" title="Maithilin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maithilin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili" title="Maithili – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maithili" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Maithili" title="Wikang Maithili – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Maithili" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="மைதிலி மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மைதிலி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D2%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Майтһили – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Майтһили" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="మైథిలీ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మైథిలీ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาไมถิลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาไมถิลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೈಥಿಲಿ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮೈಥಿಲಿ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithili_dili" title="Maithili dili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maithili dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Майтхілі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майтхілі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میتھلی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میتھلی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Maithil" title="Tiếng Maithil – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Maithil" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maytili" title="Maytili – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Maytili" data-language-autonym="Walon" 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Nepal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Maithili</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">मैथिली • মৈথিনী</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color:;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maithili_in_Devanagari_and_Tirhuta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maithili_in_Devanagari_and_Tirhuta.png/250px-Maithili_in_Devanagari_and_Tirhuta.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maithili_in_Devanagari_and_Tirhuta.png/375px-Maithili_in_Devanagari_and_Tirhuta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maithili_in_Devanagari_and_Tirhuta.png/500px-Maithili_in_Devanagari_and_Tirhuta.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">The word <b>Maithili</b> written in <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tirhuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhuta">Tirhuta</a> scripts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mai-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mithila_(region)" title="Mithila (region)">Mithila</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Maithils" title="Maithils">Maithil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(22 million cited 2000–2021)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Eastern Indo-Aryan languages">Eastern</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Bihari</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Maithili</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi Prakrit</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li>Magadhan <a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Abahattha" title="Abahattha">Abahattha</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%C4%93thi" title="Thēthi">Thēthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Maithili" title="Eastern Maithili">Eastern Maithili</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> (Official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta script</a> (Historical)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (additional)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal" title="Languages of Nepal">Nepal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhesh_Province" title="Madhesh Province">Madhesh Province</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maithili_Academy" title="Maithili Academy">Maithili Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maithili_-_Bhojpuri_Academy,_Delhi" title="Maithili - Bhojpuri Academy, Delhi">Maithili - Bhojpuri Academy, Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy" title="Nepal Academy">Nepal Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=278">mai</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/mai" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:mai">mai</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mait1250">mait1250</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maithili_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maithili_map.png/320px-Maithili_map.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maithili_map.png/480px-Maithili_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maithili_map.png/640px-Maithili_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="1753" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Maithili-speaking region of India and Nepal</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Maithili</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MY</span>-til-ee</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Maithili:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mai-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]</a></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryan language">Indo-Aryan language</a> spoken in parts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. It is native to the <a href="/wiki/Mithila_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithila region">Mithila region</a>, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> as well as Nepal's <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhesh_Province" title="Madhesh Province">Madhesh Provinces</a>. It is one of the 22 scheduled <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">languages of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mha.nic.in_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mha.nic.in-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-script_experts_meet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-script_experts_meet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m.livehindustan.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.livehindustan.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the second most commonly spoken language of Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Statistics_Office202332_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Statistics_Office202332-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sah2013_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sah2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also one of the fourteen provincial official <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal" title="Languages of Nepal">languages of Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-langcomreport_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langcomreport-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese people.<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language is predominantly written in <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>, but the historical <a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a> scripts retained some use until today.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_status">Official status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Official status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, Maithili was included in the <a href="/wiki/8th_Schedule" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Schedule">Eighth Schedule</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Constitution">Indian Constitution</a> as a recognised <a href="/wiki/Language_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Language of India">Indian language</a>, which allows it to be used in education, government, and other official contexts in India.<sup id="cite_ref-mha.nic.in_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mha.nic.in-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maithili language is included as an optional paper in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commission" title="Union Public Service Commission">UPSC</a> Exam. In March 2018, Maithili received the second official language status in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Jee_Thakur" title="Gopal Jee Thakur">Gopal Jee Thakur</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> is the first <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> who speaks in the Maithili language in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is currently the MP for <a href="/wiki/Darbhanga_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency">Darbhanga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Language_Commission_(Nepal)" title="Language Commission (Nepal)">Nepalese Languages Commission</a> has made Maithili an official Nepalese language used for administration in <a href="/wiki/Koshi_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Koshi province">Koshi province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhesh_Province" title="Madhesh Province">Madhesh Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-langcomreport_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langcomreport-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 November 2024, during the occasion of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_(India)" title="Constitution Day (India)">Constitution Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maithili_version_of_Indian_Constitution" title="Maithili version of Indian Constitution">Maithili version of the Indian constitution</a> was launched by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, it is mainly spoken in <a href="/wiki/Darbhanga_division" title="Darbhanga division">Darbhanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirhut_division" title="Tirhut division">Tirhut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosi_division" title="Kosi division">Kosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purnia_division" title="Purnia division">Purnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur_division" title="Bhagalpur division">Bhagalpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munger_division" title="Munger division">Munger</a> divisions of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> & in <a href="/wiki/Santhal_Pargana_division" title="Santhal Pargana division">Santhal Pargana</a> division of <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Nepal, Maithili is spoken in <a href="/wiki/Madhesh_Province" title="Madhesh Province">Madhesh Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Statistics_Office2023210,_212,_218–220_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Statistics_Office2023210,_212,_218–220-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Darbhanga" title="Darbhanga">Darbhanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhubani,_India" title="Madhubani, India">Madhubani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpur</a> constitutes important cultural and linguistic centers of Maithili language.<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1870s, <a href="/wiki/John_Beames" title="John Beames">Beames</a> considered Maithili a dialect of a <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hoernl%C3%A9" title="Rudolf Hoernlé">Hoernlé</a> initially treated it as a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hindi">Eastern Hindi</a>, but after comparing it with the <a href="/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_(region)" title="Gauḍa (region)">Gaudian</a> languages, recognised that it shows more similarities with the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali language</a> than with <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_Abraham_Grierson" title="George Abraham Grierson">Grierson</a> recognised it as a distinct language, grouped under '<a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Bihari</a>' and published its first <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yadav1979_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yadav1979-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterji" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterji">Chatterji</a> grouped Maithili with the <a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi Prakrit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maithili varies greatly in dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The standard form of Maithili is Sotipura also called Central Maithili<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is mainly spoken in <a href="/wiki/Darbhanga_district" title="Darbhanga district">Darbhanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhubani_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhubani District">Madhubani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supaul_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Supaul District">Supaul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhepura_district" title="Madhepura district">Madhepura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purnia_district" title="Purnia district">Purnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samastipur_district" title="Samastipur district">Samastipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Araria_district" title="Araria district">Araria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saharsa_district" title="Saharsa district">Saharsa</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> it is spoken in <a href="/wiki/Dhanusha_District" title="Dhanusha District">Dhanusha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahottari_District" title="Mahottari District">Mahottari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siraha_District" title="Siraha District">Siraha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saptari_District" title="Saptari District">Saptari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarlahi_District" title="Sarlahi District">Sarlahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunsari_District" title="Sunsari District">Sunsari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morang_District" title="Morang District">Morang</a> districts.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a> dialect also known as Western Maithili <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is mainly spoken in <a href="/wiki/Sitamarhi_district" title="Sitamarhi district">Sitamarhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarpur_district" title="Muzaffarpur district">Muzaffarpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaishali_district" title="Vaishali district">Vaishali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheohar_district" title="Sheohar district">Sheohar</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar, India</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rautahat_District" title="Rautahat District">Rautahat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarlahi_District" title="Sarlahi District">Sarlahi</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is listed as a distinct language in Nepal and overlaps by 76–86% with Maithili dialects spoken in Dhanusa, <a href="/wiki/Morang_District" title="Morang District">Morang</a>, Saptari and Sarlahi Districts.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C4%93thi" title="Thēthi">Thēthi</a> dialect is spoken mainly in <a href="/wiki/Kosi_division" title="Kosi division">Kosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purnia_division" title="Purnia division">Purnia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munger_division" title="Munger division">Munger divisions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mokama" title="Mokama">Mokama</a> in Bihar and some adjoining districts of Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a> dialect is mainly spoken in and around <a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur" title="Bhagalpur">Bhagalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banka,_Bihar" title="Banka, Bihar">Banka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Language_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Language-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jamui" title="Jamui">Jamui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakhisarai_district" title="Lakhisarai district">Lakhisarai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munger" title="Munger">Munger</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> districts of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Godda_district" title="Godda district">Godda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahebganj_district" title="Sahebganj district">Sahebganj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dumka_district" title="Dumka district">Dumka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deoghar_district" title="Deoghar district">Deoghar</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several other dialects of Maithili are spoken in India and Nepal, including Dehati, Deshi, Kisan, Bantar, Barmeli, Musar, Tati and Jolaha. All the dialects are intelligible to native Maithili speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_history">Origin and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origin and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name Maithili is derived from the word <a href="/wiki/Mithila_(ancient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithila (ancient)">Mithila</a>, an ancient kingdom of which King <a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a> was the ruler (see <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>). Maithili is also one of the names of <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a>, the wife of King <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> and daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a>. Scholars in Mithila used <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> for their literary work and Maithili was the language of the common folk (<a href="/wiki/Abahattha" title="Abahattha">Abahattha</a>). </p><p>The beginning of Maithili language and literature can be traced back to the '<a href="/wiki/Charyapada" title="Charyapada">Charyapadas</a>', a form of Buddhist mystical verses, composed during the period of 700-1300 AD. These padas were written in <a href="/wiki/Twilight_language" title="Twilight language">Sandhya bhasa</a> by several Siddhas who belonged to <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajrayana Buddhism">Vajrayana Buddhism</a> and were scattered throughout the territory of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. Several of the Siddhas were from the Mithila region such as Kanhapa, Sarhapa etc. Prominent scholars like <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityanan</a>, Subhadra Jha and <a href="/wiki/Jayakant_Mishra" title="Jayakant Mishra">Jayakant Mishra</a> provided evidence and proved that the language of <a href="/wiki/Charyapada" title="Charyapada">Charyapada</a> is ancient Maithili or proto Maithili.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from Charyapadas, there has been a rich tradition of folk culture, folk songs and which were popular among the common folks of the Mithila region.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fall of <a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a> rule, disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, establishment of <a href="/wiki/Karnat_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnat dynasty">Karnāta</a> kings and patronage of Maithili under Harisimhadeva (1226–1324) of Karnāta dynasty dates back to the 14th century (around 1327 AD). <a href="/wiki/Jyotirishwar_Thakur" title="Jyotirishwar Thakur">Jyotirishwar Thakur</a> (1280–1340) wrote a unique work <i><a href="/wiki/Varna_Ratnakara" title="Varna Ratnakara">Varnaratnākara</a></i> in Maithili prose.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Varna Ratnākara</i> is the earliest known prose text, written by <a href="/wiki/Jyotirishwar_Thakur" title="Jyotirishwar Thakur">Jyotirishwar Thakur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mithilakshar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithilakshar">Mithilaksar script</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Yadav1979_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yadav1979-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the first prose work not only in Maithili but in any modern Indian language.<sup id="cite_ref-Maithili_literature_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maithili_literature-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1324, Ghyasuddin Tughluq, the emperor of <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> invaded Mithila, defeated <a href="/wiki/Harisimhadeva" title="Harisimhadeva">Harisimhadeva</a>, entrusted Mithila to his family priest and a great Military Scholar Kameshvar Jha, a <a href="/wiki/Maithil" class="mw-redirect" title="Maithil">Maithil</a> <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oiniwar_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Oiniwar Dynasty">Oinwar dynasty</a>. But the disturbed era did not produce any literature in Maithili until <a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati Thakur</a> (1360 to 1450), who was an epoch-making poet under the patronage of king Shiva Singh and his queen Lakhima Devi. He produced over 1,000 immortal songs in Maithili on the theme of love of <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> and the domestic life of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> as well as on the subject of suffering of migrant labourers of <a href="/wiki/Morang_District" title="Morang District">Morang</a> and their families; besides, he wrote a number of treaties in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">love-songs</a> spread far and wide in no time and enchanted <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Youth" title="Youth">youth</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a> saw the divine light of love behind these songs, and soon these songs became themes of <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaisnava</a> sect of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>, out of curiosity, imitated these songs under the pseudonym <a href="/wiki/Bhanusimha_Thakurer_Padabali" title="Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali">Bhanusimha</a>. Vidyapati influenced the religious literature of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Asama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utkala_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Utkala Kingdom">Utkala</a> and gave birth to a new <a href="/wiki/Brajabuli" title="Brajabuli">Brajabuli</a> /<a href="/wiki/Brajavali_dialect" title="Brajavali dialect">Brajavali</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-Majumdar1960_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Majumdar1960-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Banglapedia-Brajabuli_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banglapedia-Brajabuli-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest reference to Maithili or Tirhutiya is in Amaduzzi's preface to Beligatti's <i>Alphabetum Brammhanicum</i>, published in 1771.<sup id="cite_ref-Tourutiana_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourutiana-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contains a list of Indian languages among which is 'Tourutiana.' Colebrooke's essay on the Sanskrit and Prakrit languages, written in 1801, was the first to describe Maithili as a distinct dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-Colebrooke's_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colebrooke's-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many devotional songs were written by Vaisnava saints, including in the mid-17th century, Vidyapati and Govindadas. Mapati Upadhyaya wrote a drama titled <i>Pārijātaharaṇa</i> in Maithili. Professional troupes, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">dalit</a> classes known as <a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtanias</a>, the singers of <a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">bhajan</a> or devotional songs, started to perform this drama in public gatherings and the courts of the nobles. Lochana (c. 1575 – c. 1660) wrote <i>Rāgatarangni</i>, a significant treatise on the science of music, describing the rāgas, tālas, and lyrics prevalent in Mithila.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Malla_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malla (Nepal)">Malla dynasty</a>'s rule Maithili spread far and wide throughout <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> from the 16th to the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, at least seventy Maithili dramas were produced. In the drama <i>Harishchandranrityam</i> by Siddhinarayanadeva (1620–57), some characters speak pure colloquial Maithili, while others speak <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, Sanskrit or <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One notable Malla King who patronised Maithili was <a href="/wiki/Bhupatindra_Malla" title="Bhupatindra Malla">Bhupatindra Malla</a> who composed 26 plays in the Maithili language during his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-Yadav2011_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yadav2011-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the demise of Maheshwar Singh, the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Raj_Darbhanga" title="Raj Darbhanga">Darbhanga Raj</a>, in 1860, the Raj was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Government</a> as regent. The Darbhanga Raj returned to his successor, Maharaj <a href="/wiki/Lakshmeshwar_Singh" title="Lakshmeshwar Singh">Lakshmishvar Singh</a>, in 1898. The Zamindari Raj had a lackadaisical approach toward Maithili. The use of Maithili language was revived through personal efforts of MM Parameshvar Mishra, Chanda Jha, Munshi Raghunandan Das and others.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Publication of <i>Maithil Hita Sadhana</i> (1905), <i>Mithila Moda</i> (1906), and <i>Mithila Mihir</i> (1908) further encouraged writers. The first social organisation, Maithil Mahasabha,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was established in 1910 for the development of Mithila and Maithili. It blocked its membership for people outside of the <a href="/wiki/Maithil_Brahmin" title="Maithil Brahmin">Maithil Brahmin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karan_Kayastha" title="Karan Kayastha">Karna Kayastha</a> castes. Maithil Mahasabha campaigned for the official recognition of Maithili as a regional language. <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta University">Calcutta University</a> recognised Maithili in 1917, and other universities followed suit.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Babu Bhola Lal Das wrote <i>Maithili Grammar</i> (<i>Maithili Vyakaran</i>). He edited a book <i>Gadya Kusumanjali</i> and edited a journal <i>Maithili</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, Maithili was officially accepted by <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahitya Academy">Sahitya Academy</a>, an organisation dedicated to the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Indian literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, Maithili was recognised on the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India">VIII schedule of the Indian Constitution</a> as a major Indian language; Maithili is now one of the twenty-two <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India#Scheduled_languages" title="Languages of India">Scheduled languages of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh2011_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh2011-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The publishing of Maithili books in <a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Mithilakshar</a> script was started by <a href="/wiki/Acharya_Ramlochan_Saran" title="Acharya Ramlochan Saran">Acharya Ramlochan Saran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maithili_Grammar#Phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maithili Grammar">Maithili Grammar § Phonology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>short</small> </th> <th><small>long</small> </th> <th><small>short</small> </th> <th><small>long</small> </th> <th><small>short</small> </th> <th><small>long</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨इ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ई⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨उ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ऊ⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ऎ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ए⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨अ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">əː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨अऽ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ऒ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ओ⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ऍ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ॴ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">aː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨आ⟩</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨अ꣱⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Diphthongs" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphthongs">Diphthongs</a> </th> <td colspan="2">əɪ̯ <span class="nowrap">⟨ऐ⟩</span> əe̯ <span class="nowrap">⟨ꣾ⟩</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2">əʊ̯ <span class="nowrap">⟨औ⟩</span> əo̯ <span class="nowrap">⟨ॵ⟩</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>All vowels have <a href="/wiki/Nasalised_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasalised vowel">nasal</a> counterparts, represented by "~" in IPA and ँ on the vowels, like आँ ãː .</li> <li>All vowel sounds are realised as nasal when occurring before or after a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal consonant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sounds eː and oː are often replaced by diphthongs əɪ̯ and əʊ̯.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>ɔ is replaced by ə in northern dialects and by o in southernmost dialects.</li> <li>There are three short vowels that were described by Grierson, but are not counted by modern grammarians. But they could be understood as syllable break: ॳ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɘ̆/</span>, इ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪ̆/</span>, उ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʊ̆/</span> . Or as syllable break ऺ in Devanagari and "." in IPA.</li> <li>ꣾ is a Unicode letter in Devanagari, (IPA <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əe̯/</span>) which is not supported currently on several browsers and operating systems, along with its mātrā (vowel sign).</li></ul> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Diphthongs" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphthongs">diphthongs</a> are present:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>अय़(ꣾ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əe̯/<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>/ɛː/</span> - अय़सन (ꣾ सन) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əe̯sən/<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>/ɛːsɐn/</span> 'like this'</dd> <dd>अव़(ॵ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əo̯/<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>/ɔː/</span>- चव़मुख(चॏमुख) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɕəo̯mʊkʰ/<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>/tɕɔːmʊkʰ/</span> 'four faced'</dd> <dd>अयॆ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əe̯/</span> - अयॆलाः <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əe̯laːh/</span> 'came'</dd> <dd>अवॊ (अऒ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əo̯/</span> - अवॊताः <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əo̯taːh/</span> 'will come'</dd> <dd>आइ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːi̯/</span> - आइ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːi̯/</span> 'today'</dd> <dd>आउ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːu̯/</span> - आउ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːu̯/</span> 'come please'</dd> <dd>आयॆ (आऎ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːe̯/</span> - आयॆल <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːe̯l/</span> 'came'</dd> <dd>आवॊ (आऒ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːo̯/</span> - आवॊब <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːo̯b/</span> 'will come'</dd> <dd>यु (इउ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iu̯/</span> - घ्यु <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡʱiu̯/</span> 'ghee'</dd> <dd>यॆ (इऎ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ie̯/</span> - यॆः <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ie̯h/</span> 'only this'</dd> <dd>यॊ (इऒ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/io̯/</span> - कह्यो <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kəhio̯/</span> 'any day'</dd> <dd>वि (उइ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ui̯/</span> - द्वि <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dui̯/</span> 'two'</dd> <dd>वॆ (उऎ) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ue̯/</span> - वॆ: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ue̯h/</span> 'only that'</dd></dl> <p>A peculiar type of phonetic change is recently taking place in Maithili by way of <a href="/wiki/Epenthesis" title="Epenthesis">epenthesis</a>, i.e. backward transposition of final /i/ and /u/ in all sort of words.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus: </p><p>Standard Colloquial - Common Pronunciation </p> <dl><dd>अछि <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ətɕʰi/</span> - अइछ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/əitɕʰ/</span> 'is'</dd> <dd>रवि <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/rəbi/</span> - रइब <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/rəib/</span> 'Sunday'</dd> <dd>मधु <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/mədʱu/</span> - मउध <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/məudʱ/</span> 'honey'</dd> <dd>बालु <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ba:lu/</span> - बाउल <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ba:ul/</span> 'sand'</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maithili has four classes of <a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">stops</a>, one class of <a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">affricate</a>, which is generally treated as a stop series, related <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">fricatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">approximant</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨म⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨न⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ण⟩</span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨ञ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ङ⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <th><small>unaspirated</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨प⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨त⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ट⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨च⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨क⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨फ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨थ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">ʈʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ठ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tɕʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨छ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ख⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <th><small>unaspirated</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ब⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨द⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ड⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ज⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ग⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voiced_aspirated" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced aspirated">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">bʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨भ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">dʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ध⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɖʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ढ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">dʑʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨झ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɡʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨घ⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨फ़⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨स⟩</span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨ष⟩</span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨श⟩</span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨ख़⟩</span> </td> <td>-(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span>)* <span class="nowrap">⟨ः⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨ज़⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨झ़⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ह⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><small>unaspirated</small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨र⟩</span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨ड़⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><small>aspirated</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɽʱ</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨ढ़⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ल⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨व⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span>) <span class="nowrap">⟨य⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Fricative sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɕ]</span> only occur marginally, and are typically pronounced as a dental fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> in most styles of pronunciation. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h]</span> ः is always added after a vowel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stops">Stops</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Stops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four series of stops- <a href="/wiki/Bilabial_stop" title="Bilabial stop">bilabials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronal_stop" title="Coronal stop">coronals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_stop" title="Retroflex stop">retroflex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velar_stop" title="Velar stop">velar</a>, along with an <a href="/wiki/Palatal_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal affricate">affricate</a> series. All of them show the four way contrast like most of the modern <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">tenuis</a>, as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span>, which is like ⟨p⟩ in English <i>spin</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span>, which is like ⟨b⟩ in English <i>bin</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a>, as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pʰ/</span>, which is like ⟨p⟩ in English <i>pin</i>, and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">murmured</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_voiced" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspirated voiced">aspirated voiced</a>, as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bʱ/</span>.</li></ul> <p>Apart from the retroflex series, all the rest four series show full phonological contrast in all positions. The retroflex tenius <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʈ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʈʰ/</span> show full contrast in all positions. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɖ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɖʱ/</span> show phonological contrast mainly word-initially.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are defective phonemes, occurring intervocalically and word finally only if preceded by a nasal consonant. Word finally and postvocalically, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɖʱ/</span> surfaces as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɽʱ~rʱ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-initially, both are interchangeable with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɽ~ɾ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɽʱ~rʱ]</span> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fricatives">Fricatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fricatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɦ/</span> are most common fricatives. They show full phonological opposition. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕ]</span>, which is present in <a href="/wiki/Tatsama" title="Tatsama">tatsama</a> words, is replaced by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> most of the times, when independent, and prevocalic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂ]</span> is replaced by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kʰ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span><sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕ]</span> occurs before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɕ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂ]</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʈ/</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span> occurs in Perso-Arabic loanwords, generally replaced by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kʰ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pʰ/</span> respectively. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ]</span> also occurs in Sanskrit words (<a href="/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga">jihvamuliya and upadhmaniya</a>), which is peculiar to Maithili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sonorants">Sonorants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sonorants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> are present in all phonological positions. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> occurs only non-initially and is followed by a homorganic stop, which may be deleted if voiced, which leads to the independent presence of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɳ/</span> occurs non-initially, followed by a homorganic stop, and is independent only in tatsama words, which is often replaced with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲ]</span> occurs only non-initially and is followed by a homorganic stop always. It is the only nasal which does not occur independently. </p> <ul><li>In most styles of pronunciation, the retroflex flap <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɽ]</span> occurs marginally. It is usually pronounced as an alveolar tap <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ]</span> sound, and is often interchanged with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Approximant sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>w,<span class="wrap"> </span>j]</span> and fricative sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ,<span class="wrap"> </span>f,<span class="wrap"> </span>z,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɕ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʑ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʂ,<span class="wrap"> </span>x]</span>, mainly occur in words that are borrowed from Sanskrit or in words of Perso-Arabic origin. The conjunct ष्प (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a> <i>ṣp</i>) is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸp]</span> in Maithili e.g. पुष्प <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[puɸp(ə)]</span>. The conjunct ह्य (IAST <i>hy</i>) is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɦʑ]</span> as in ग्रऻह्य (<i>grahya</i>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[graɦʑə]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are four non-syllabic vowels in Maithili- i̯, u̯, e̯, o̯ written in Devanagari as य़, व़, य़ॆ, व़ॊ. Most of the times, these are written without nukta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maithili_grammar" title="Maithili grammar">Maithili grammar</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An example declension: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Case name </th> <th colspan="3">Singular Inflection </th> <th colspan="3">Plural Inflection </th></tr> <tr> <th>Feminine </th> <th>Masculine </th> <th>Neuter </th> <th>Feminine </th> <th>Masculine </th> <th>Neuter </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominative </th> <td>-इ ɪ </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2">-आ/अ꣱ aː/ɔ </td> <td>-इन ɪn </td> <td>-अन, -अनि <p>ən, ənɪ̆ </p> </td> <td rowspan="2">-अन, -अनि <p>ən, ənɪ̆ </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Accusative <p>(Indefinite) </p> </th> <td>-ई iː </td> <td>-ई iː </td> <td>-आ aː </td></tr> <tr> <th>Instrumental </th> <td colspan="2">Postposition used<br /> </td> <td>-एँ ẽː </td> <td colspan="2">Postposition used </td> <td>-अन्हि <p>ənʰɪ̆ </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Dative </th> <td colspan="6">Postposition used </td></tr> <tr> <td>-इल ɪlə </td> <td colspan="2">-अल ələ </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="3">No forms </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ergative </th> <td>-इएँ ɪẽː </td> <td colspan="2">-एँ ẽː </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ablative </th> <td>-इतः ɪtəh </td> <td colspan="2">-अतः <p>ətəh </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Genitive </th> <td>-इक ɪk, इर ɪr </td> <td colspan="2">-अक ək, -अर ər </td> <td>-ईंक ĩːk </td> <td colspan="2">-आँँक <p>ãːk </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locative </th> <td colspan="2">Postposition used </td> <td>-ए eː </td> <td colspan="2">Postposition used </td> <td>-आँ <p>ãː </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vocative </th> <td>-इ ɪ/ई iː </td> <td colspan="2">-आ/अऽ aː/əː </td> <td>-इन ɪn </td> <td colspan="2">-अन, -अनि <p>ən, ənɪ̆ </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives">Adjectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Adjectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The difference between adjectives and nouns is very minute in Maithili. However, there are marked adjectives there in Maithili. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Masculine </th> <th>Feminine </th> <th>Neuter </th></tr> <tr> <th>Definite </th> <td>-का/क꣱ kaː/kɔ </td> <td>-कि/कि kɪ/kɪ̆ </td> <td>का/कऽ kaː/kəː </td></tr> <tr> <th>Indefinite </th> <td>-आ/अ꣱ aː/ɔ </td> <td>-इ/इ ɪ/ɪ̆ </td> <td>अ/अऽ ᵊ/əː </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maithili_grammar#Pronouns" title="Maithili grammar">Maithili grammar § Pronouns</a></div> <p>Pronouns in Maithili are declined in similar way to nominals, though in most pronouns the genitive case has a different form. The lower forms below are accusative and postpositional. The plurals are formed periphrastically. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Person </th> <th>First Grade Honour </th> <th>Honorofic </th> <th>High Honorofic </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">First Person </th> <td colspan="3">हम ɦəm <p>अपना ɐpᵊnaː (Inclusive) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">हमरा ɦəmᵊraː <p>अपना ɐpᵊnaː (Inclusive) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Second Person </th> <td>तोँह tõːɦᵊ </td> <td rowspan="2">अहाँ ɐɦãː </td> <td rowspan="2">अपने ɐpᵊneː </td></tr> <tr> <td>तोँहरा tõːɦᵊraː </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="8">Third Person </th> <th rowspan="4">Proximate </th> <td>ई iː </td> <td colspan="2">ए eː </td></tr> <tr> <td>ऎकरा ekᵊraː </td> <td colspan="2">हिनका ɦɪnᵊkaː </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">ए eː (Neuter) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">ऎहि, ऍ, अथि eɦɪ, æ, ɐtʰɪ (Neuter) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Non-Proximate </th> <td>ऊ, वा uː, ʋaː </td> <td colspan="2">ओ oː </td></tr> <tr> <td>ऒकरा okᵊraː </td> <td colspan="2">हुनका ɦʊnᵊkaː </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">ऒ o (Neuter) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">ऒहि, ॵ oɦɪ, əʊ (Neuter) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_consonants_of_the_Mithilakshar_script_and_the_corresponding_Devnagari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_consonants_of_the_Mithilakshar_script_and_the_corresponding_Devnagari.jpg/220px-The_consonants_of_the_Mithilakshar_script_and_the_corresponding_Devnagari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_consonants_of_the_Mithilakshar_script_and_the_corresponding_Devnagari.jpg/330px-The_consonants_of_the_Mithilakshar_script_and_the_corresponding_Devnagari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_consonants_of_the_Mithilakshar_script_and_the_corresponding_Devnagari.jpg/440px-The_consonants_of_the_Mithilakshar_script_and_the_corresponding_Devnagari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Consonants in <a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta script</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in the 14th century, the language was written in the <a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta script</a> (also known as Mithilakshara or Maithili), which is related to the <a href="/wiki/Bengali-Assamese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali-Assamese script">Bengali-Assamese script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pandey2009_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandey2009-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 20th century, this script was largely associated with the Mithila Brahmans, with most others using <a href="/wiki/Kaithi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaithi script">Kaithi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> spreading under the influence of the scholars at <a href="/wiki/Banaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaras">Banaras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brass1974_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brass1974-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the course of the century, Devanagari grew in use eventually replacing the other two, and has since remained the dominant script for Maithili.<sup id="cite_ref-Yadava2013_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yadava2013-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pandey2009_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandey2009-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brass1974_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brass1974-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirhuta retained some specific uses (on signage in north Bihar as well as in religious texts, genealogical records and letters), and has seen a resurgence of interest in the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-Pandey2009_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandey2009-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_(Unicode_block)" title="Tirhuta (Unicode block)">Tirhuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaithi_(Unicode_block)" title="Kaithi (Unicode block)">Kaithi</a> scripts are both currently included in Unicode. </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines Unicode" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center"> <caption>Consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhuta">Tirhuta</a> </th> <th colspan="2">Transcription </th></tr> <tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Text</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>क </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AA.png/23px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AA.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AA.png/35px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AA.png/46px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AA.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="392" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1009417386">.mw-parser-output .script-Tirh{font-family:"Noto Sans Tirhuta"}</style><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒏</span>‎ </td> <td>ka </td> <td>/kə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ख </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9AH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9AH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AHA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9AH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AHA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9AH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AHA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9AH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9AH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AHA.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9AH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9AHA.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒐</span>‎ </td> <td>kha </td> <td>/kʰə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ग </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_G%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_G%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_G%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_G%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_G%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_G%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GA.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_G%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GA.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="442" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒑</span>‎ </td> <td>ga </td> <td>/gə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>घ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_GH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_GH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GHA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_GH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GHA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_GH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GHA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_GH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_GH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GHA.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_GH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_GHA.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒒</span>‎ </td> <td>gha </td> <td>/gʱə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ङ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NG%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NGA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NG%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NGA.png/16px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NG%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NGA.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NG%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NGA.png/24px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NG%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NGA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NG%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NGA.png/32px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NG%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NGA.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="414" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒓</span>‎ </td> <td>ṅa </td> <td>/ŋə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>च </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_C%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_C%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_C%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_C%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_C%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_C%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CA.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_C%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CA.png 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="352" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒔</span>‎ </td> <td>ca </td> <td>/t͡ɕə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>छ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_CH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_CH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CHA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_CH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CHA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_CH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CHA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_CH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_CH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CHA.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_CH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_CHA.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="409" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒕</span>‎ </td> <td>cha </td> <td>/t͡ɕʰə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ज </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_J%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_J%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JA.png/22px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_J%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JA.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_J%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JA.png/33px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_J%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_J%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JA.png/44px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_J%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JA.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="375" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒖</span>‎ </td> <td>ja </td> <td>/d͡ʑə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>झ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_JH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_JH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JHA.png/21px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_JH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JHA.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_JH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JHA.png/32px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_JH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_JH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JHA.png/42px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_JH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_JHA.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="381" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒗</span>‎ </td> <td>jha </td> <td>/d͡ʑʱə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ञ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NY%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NYA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NY%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NYA.png/23px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NY%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NYA.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NY%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NYA.png/35px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NY%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NYA.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TT%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TT%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TT%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TT%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTA.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TTH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTHA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TTH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTHA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TTH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTHA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TTH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TTHA.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DD%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDA.png/22px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DD%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDA.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DD%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDA.png/33px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DD%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DD%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDA.png/44px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DD%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDA.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="338" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒛</span>‎ </td> <td>ḍa </td> <td>/ɖə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ढ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DDH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DDH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDHA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DDH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDHA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DDH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDHA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DDH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DDH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDHA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DDH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DDHA.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="352" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒜</span>‎ </td> <td>ḍha </td> <td>/ɖʱə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ण </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NN%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NNA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NN%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NNA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NN%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NNA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NN%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NNA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_NN%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NNA.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_T%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TA.png/21px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_T%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TA.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_T%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TA.png/32px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_T%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_T%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TA.png/42px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_T%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_TA.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="338" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒞</span>‎ </td> <td>ta </td> <td>/t̪ə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>थ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_THA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_THA.png/18px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_THA.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_THA.png/27px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_THA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_THA.png/36px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_TH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_THA.png 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="436" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒟</span>‎ </td> <td>tha </td> <td>/t̪ʰə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>द </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_D%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_D%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_D%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_D%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_D%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_D%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_D%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DA.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="381" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒠</span>‎ </td> <td>da </td> <td>/d̪ə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ध </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DHA.png/18px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DHA.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DHA.png/27px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_DH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_DHA.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_N%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_N%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_N%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_N%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_N%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_N%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_NA.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="381" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒢</span>‎ </td> <td>na </td> <td>/nə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>प </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_P%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_P%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_P%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_P%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_P%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_P%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_P%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PA.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="419" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒣</span>‎ </td> <td>pa </td> <td>/pə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>फ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_PH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_PH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PHA.png/22px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_PH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PHA.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_PH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PHA.png/33px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_PH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_PH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PHA.png/44px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_PH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_PHA.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="373" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒤</span>‎ </td> <td>pha </td> <td>/pʰə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ब </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_B%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_B%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_B%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_B%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_B%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_B%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BA.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_B%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BA.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒥</span>‎ </td> <td>ba </td> <td>/bə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>भ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_BH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_BH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BHA.png/21px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_BH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BHA.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_BH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BHA.png/32px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_BH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_BH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BHA.png/42px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_BH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_BHA.png 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒦</span>‎ </td> <td>bha </td> <td>/bʱə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>म </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_M%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_MA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_M%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_MA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_M%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_MA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_M%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_MA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_M%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_MA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_M%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_MA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_M%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_MA.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="377" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒧</span>‎ </td> <td>ma </td> <td>/mə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>य </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Y%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_YA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Y%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_YA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Y%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_YA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Y%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_YA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Y%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_YA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Y%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_YA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Y%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_YA.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒨</span>‎ </td> <td>ya </td> <td>(/jə/) /d͡ʑə/ or /e̯/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>र </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_R%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_RA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_R%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_RA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_R%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_RA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_R%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_RA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_R%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_RA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_R%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_RA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_R%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_RA.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒩</span>‎ </td> <td>ra </td> <td>/rə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ल </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_L%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_LA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_L%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_LA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_L%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_LA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_L%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_LA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_L%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_LA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_L%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_LA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_L%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_LA.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="377" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒪</span>‎ </td> <td>la </td> <td>/lə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>व </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_V%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_VA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_V%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_VA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_V%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_VA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_V%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_VA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_V%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_VA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_V%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_VA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_V%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_VA.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="375" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒫</span>‎ </td> <td>va </td> <td>(/ʋə/) or /bə/ /o̯/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>श </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SHA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SHA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SHA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SHA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SHA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SHA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SH%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SHA.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="442" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒬</span>‎ </td> <td>śa </td> <td>(/ɕə/) /sə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ष </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SS%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SSA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SS%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SSA.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SS%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SSA.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SS%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SSA.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SS%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SSA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SS%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SSA.png/40px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_SS%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SSA.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒭</span>‎ </td> <td>ṣa </td> <td>/ʂə/ or /sə/ or /kʰə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>स </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_S%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_S%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SA.png/21px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_S%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SA.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_S%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SA.png/32px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_S%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_S%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SA.png/42px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_S%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_SA.png 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒮</span>‎ </td> <td>sa </td> <td>/sə/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ह </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_H%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_HA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_H%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_HA.png/19px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_H%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_HA.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_H%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_HA.png/29px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_H%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_HA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_H%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_HA.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_H%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_HA.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒯</span>‎ </td> <td>ha </td> <td>/ɦə/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines Unicode" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;text-align:center"> <caption>Vowels<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Devanagari </th> <th colspan="2">Tirhuta </th> <th colspan="2">Devanagari </th> <th colspan="2">Tirhuta </th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Transcription </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Independent </th> <th colspan="4">Dependent </th></tr> <tr> <th>Phonetic </th> <th>Traditional </th> <th>Image</th> <th>Text </th> <th>Phonetic </th> <th>Traditional</th> <th>Image</th> <th>Text</th> <th>Romanisation</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">अ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A.png/25px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A.png/50px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="439" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒁</span>‎ </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>a<sup id="cite_ref-supA_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supA-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/∅<sup id="cite_ref-final-writ_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-final-writ-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>/ə/ or /ɐ/ or /ə̆/<sup id="cite_ref-supA_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supA-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or ∅<sup id="cite_ref-final-writ_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-final-writ-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>अ꣱/अ<sup>ऽ</sup>/अ' </td> <td>अऽ<sup id="cite_ref-older_texts_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-older_texts-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>◌꣱/◌<sup>ऽ</sup>/◌' </td> <td>◌'<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/ ◌ऽ<sup id="cite_ref-older_texts_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-older_texts-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>å </td> <td>/ɔ/ ~/ʌ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ॴ </td> <td>आ </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A%D0%90.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A%D0%90.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A%D0%90.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A%D0%90.png/45px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A%D0%90.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A%D0%90.png/60px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_letter_A%D0%90.png 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="452" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒂</span>‎ </td> <td>ऻ </td> <td>ा </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_AA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_AA.png/27px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_AA.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_AA.png/41px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_AA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_AA.png/54px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%90._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_AA.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="439" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"> 𑒰</span>‎ </td> <td>a/ă </td> <td>/a/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">आ </td> <td colspan="2">ा </td> <td>ā </td> <td>/аː/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">इ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86.png/25px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86.png/50px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86.png 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="455" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒃</span>‎ </td> <td colspan="2">ि </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86.png/28px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86.png/42px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86.png/56px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86.png 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="441" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"> 𑒱</span>‎ </td> <td>і </td> <td>/ɪ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">not possible in initial position or independent (after vowel) </td> <td>ि'<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ि </td> <td>ĭ/<sup>i</sup> </td> <td>/ɪ̆/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ई </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86%D0%86.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86%D0%86.png/25px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86%D0%86.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86%D0%86.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86%D0%86.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86%D0%86.png/50px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%86%D0%86.png 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="452" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒄</span>‎ </td> <td colspan="2">ी </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86%D0%86.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86%D0%86.png/25px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86%D0%86.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86%D0%86.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86%D0%86.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86%D0%86.png/50px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%86%D0%86._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%86%D0%86.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="444" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"> 𑒲</span>‎ </td> <td>ī </td> <td>/іː/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">उ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_U.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_U.png/18px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_U.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_U.png/27px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_U.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_U.png/36px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_U.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="419" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒅</span>‎ </td> <td colspan="2">ु </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_U.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_U.png/16px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_U.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_U.png/24px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_U.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_U.png/32px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_U.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="359" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"> 𑒳</span>‎ </td> <td>u </td> <td>/ʊ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">not possible in initial position (after vowel) </td> <td>ु'<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ु </td> <td>ŭ/<sup>u</sup> </td> <td>/ʊ̆/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ऊ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_UU.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_UU.png/18px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_UU.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_UU.png/27px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_UU.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_UU.png/36px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_UU.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="447" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒆</span>‎ </td> <td colspan="2">ू </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_UU._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_UU.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_UU._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_UU.png/18px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_UU._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_UU.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_UU._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_UU.png/27px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_UU._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_UU.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_UU._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_UU.png/36px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_UU._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_UU.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="345" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"> 𑒴</span>‎ </td> <td>ū </td> <td>/uː/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ऋ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_R.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_R.png/25px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_R.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_R.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_R.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_R.png/50px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_R.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="438" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒇</span>‎ </td> <td colspan="2">ृ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_R._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_vocalic_R.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_R._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_vocalic_R.png/17px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_R._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_vocalic_R.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_R._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_vocalic_R.png/34px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_R._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_vocalic_R.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="339" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"> 𑒵</span>‎ </td> <td>ṛ </td> <td>/r̩/ or /rɪ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ॠ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_RR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_RR.png/25px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_RR.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_RR.png/38px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_RR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_RR.png/50px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%A0._Tirhuta_letter_vocalic_RR.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: x-large;" class="Unicode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒈</span>‎ </td> <td colspan="2">ॄ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_RR._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_vocalic_RR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;">𑒉</span>‎ </td> <td colspan="2">ॢ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_L._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_vocalic_L.png" class="mw-file-description"><img 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</td> <td>ॅ<sup id="cite_ref-recent_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ॅ/ै </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>æ/ê </td> <td>/æ/ ~/ɛ/<sup id="cite_ref-recent_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recent-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ऎ </td> <td>ए </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>ॆ </td> <td>े </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5_E._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_short_E.png" class="mw-file-description"><img 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9E._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9E.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9E._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9E.png/18px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9E._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9E.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9E._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9E.png/27px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9E._Tirhuta_letter_%D0%9E.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%9E._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%9E.png/37px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%9E._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%9E.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="25" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_AU.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_AU.png/20px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_AU.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_AU.png/30px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%A3._Tirhuta_letter_AU.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%90U.png/34px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%90U.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%90U.png/51px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%90U.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%90U.png/68px-%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%90U._Tirhuta_vowel_sign_%D0%90U.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="444" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"> 𑒾</span>‎ </td> <td>au </td> <td>/au/ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">औ </td> <td colspan="2">ौ </td> <td>āu </td> <td>/aːu/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maithili_literature" title="Maithili literature">Maithili literature</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_Text">Sample Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sample Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following sample text is Maithili translation of Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>: </p><p><b>Maithili in the <a href="/wiki/Tirhuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhuta">Tirhuta</a> alphabet</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent"><span title="Maithili-language text"><span lang="mai"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1009417386"><span class="script-Tirh" style="font-size: 100%;"><b>𑒁𑒢𑒳𑒔𑓂𑒕𑒹𑒠 𑓑:</b> 𑒮𑒦 𑒧𑒰𑒢𑒫 𑒖𑒢𑓂𑒧𑒞𑓁 𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒞𑒢𑓂𑒞𑓂𑒩 𑒁𑒕𑒱 𑒞𑒟𑒰 𑒑𑒩𑒱𑒧𑒰 𑒂 𑒁𑒡𑒱𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒧𑒹 𑒮𑒧𑒰𑒢 𑒁𑒕𑒱। 𑒮𑒦𑒏𑒹𑒿 𑒁𑒣𑒢–𑒁𑒣𑒢 𑒥𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡𑒱 𑒂 𑒫𑒱𑒫𑒹𑒏 𑒕𑒻𑒏 𑒂𑒍𑒩 𑒮𑒦𑒏𑒹𑒿 𑒋𑒏 𑒠𑒼𑒮𑒩𑒏 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒞𑒱 𑒮𑒾𑒯𑒰𑒩𑓂𑒠𑒣𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒝 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒫𑒯𑒰𑒩 𑒏𑒩𑒥𑒰𑒏 𑒔𑒰𑒯𑒲।</span>‎</span></span></div> <p><b>Maithili in the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> alphabet</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span title="Maithili-language text"><span lang="mai"><b>अनुच्छेद १:</b> सभ मानव जन्मतः स्वतन्त्र अछि तथा गरिमा आ अधिकारमे समान अछि। सभकेँ अपन–अपन बुद्धि आ विवेक छैक आओर सभकेँ एक दोसरक प्रति सौहार्दपूर्ण व्यवहार करबाक चाही।</span></span></div> <p><b>Maithili in <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a></b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Anuccheda Eka:</b> Sabha mānaba janmataha svatantra achi tathā garimā ā adhikārme samāna achi. Sabhkẽ apana-apana buddhi ā bibeka chaika āora sabhkẽ eka dosarāka prati sauhardapurna byabahāra karabāka cāhī.</div> <p><b>Translation</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Article 1:</b> All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They possess conscience and reason. Therefore, everyone should act in a spirit of brotherhood towards each other.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Languages with official status in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_languages_by_total_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian languages by total speakers">List of Indian languages by total speakers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grierson and Hoernle used ◌॰ for pronounced schwa, and ◌• for the absent schwa in some of his works.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes ◌' or even ◌ऽ is used for word final pronounced schwa, however not all of them are treated same, often only used to avoid confusion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-supA-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-supA_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-supA_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The notation <sup>a</sup> can be used for non-final weak schwa, Maithili weakens the non-final schwa, instead of deleting it (pronounced as /ə̆/). Grierson also used <sup>a</sup> for the purpose, but sometimes used apostrophe (') also for the purpose.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-final-writ-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-final-writ_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-final-writ_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Final schwa is deleted in Maithili, though written in native scripts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-older_texts-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-older_texts_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-older_texts_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In older texts, ◌꣱ or ः are used, not in current use though.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">◌' is used only word finally.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grierson used ि् .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grierson used ु् .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recent-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-recent_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recent_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Occurrence of æ~ɛ is a recent phenomenon.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mai">Maithili</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321180643/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/ranchi/jharkhand-raghubar-das-cabinet-decision-maithili-bhojpuri-angika-magahi-second-language/1135878.html">"झारखंड : रघुवर सरकार कैबिनेट से मगही, भोजपुरी, मैथिली व अंगिका को द्वितीय भाषा का दर्जा"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Khabar" title="Prabhat Khabar">Prabhat Khabar</a></i>. 21 March 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/ranchi/jharkhand-raghubar-das-cabinet-decision-maithili-bhojpuri-angika-magahi-second-language/1135878.html">the original</a> on 21 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prabhat+Khabar&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1+%3A+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%2C+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2C+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prabhatkhabar.com%2Fnews%2Franchi%2Fjharkhand-raghubar-das-cabinet-decision-maithili-bhojpuri-angika-magahi-second-language%2F1135878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Maithili" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Maithili">"Maithili"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maithili&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DMaithili&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mha.nic.in-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mha.nic.in_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mha.nic.in_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010536/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf">"Constitutional provisions relating to Eighth Schedule"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mha.nic.in/hindi/sites/upload_files/mhahindi/files/pdf/Eighth_Schedule.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitutional+provisions+relating+to+Eighth+Schedule&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmha.nic.in%2Fhindi%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmhahindi%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2FEighth_Schedule.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-script_experts_meet-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-script_experts_meet_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192835/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/prakash-javadekar-likely-to-call-meeting-of-experts-to-promote-maithili-script-1826774">"मैथिली लिपि को बढ़ावा देने के लिए विशेषज्ञों की जल्द ही बैठक बुला सकते हैं प्रकाश जावड़ेकर"</a> [Prakash Javadekar likely to call meeting of experts to promote Maithili script]. <i>NDTV News</i> (in Hindi). 21 March 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/prakash-javadekar-likely-to-call-meeting-of-experts-to-promote-maithili-script-1826774">the original</a> on 21 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Parliament+proceedings+updates%3A+Chit+Funds+%28Amendment%29+Bill+under+consideration+in+Lok+Sabha&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.au=The+Hindu+Net+Desk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fwinter-session-of-parliament-day-1-live-updates%2Farticle30004519.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220902172405/https://indianexpress.com/elections/darbhanga-lok-sabha-election-results-2019-live-winner-runner-up/">"Darbhanga Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Bihar Lok Sabha Election (Polls) Results 2019, Winner, Runner-Up"</a>. 2 September 2022. 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Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0700713719" title="Special:BookSources/0700713719"><bdi>0700713719</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48560711">48560711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Asia+%3A+new+research+in+Asian+studies&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Surrey&rft.pub=Curzon&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48560711&rft.isbn=0700713719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Majumdar1960-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Majumdar1960_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajumdarPusalkerMajumdar1960" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/R._C._Majumdar" title="R. C. Majumdar">Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra</a>; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_and_Culture_of_the_Indian_People" title="The History and Culture of the Indian People">The History and Culture of the Indian People</a></i>. Vol. VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 515. <q>During the sixteenth century, a form of an artificial literary language became established ... It was the <i>Brajabulī</i> dialect ... <i>Brajabulī</i> is practically the Maithilī speech as current in Mithilā, modified in its forms to look like Bengali.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Culture+of+the+Indian+People&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=515&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Banglapedia-Brajabuli-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Banglapedia-Brajabuli_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorshed2012" class="citation book cs1">Morshed, Abul Kalam Manjoor (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Brajabuli">"Brajabuli"</a>. 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St. Borgiae Clementi, XIV. Praef. J. Chr. Amadutii (1771). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Djfl_uZqLAC"><i>Alphabetum Brammhanicum Seu Indostanum Universitatis Kasi</i></a> (in Latin). Palala Press. pp. viii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781173019655" title="Special:BookSources/9781173019655"><bdi>9781173019655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alphabetum+Brammhanicum+Seu+Indostanum+Universitatis+Kasi&rft.pages=viii&rft.pub=Palala+Press&rft.date=1771&rft.isbn=9781173019655&rft.aulast=Ded.+St.+Borgiae+Clementi&rft.aufirst=XIV.+Praef.+J.+Chr.+Amadutii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Djfl_uZqLAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colebrooke's-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colebrooke's_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Colebrooke1873" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Colebrooke, H. 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Colebrooke, Volume 3</i></a>. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781145371071" title="Special:BookSources/9781145371071"><bdi>9781145371071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+essays.+With+life+of+the+author+by+his+son+Sir+T.E.+Colebrooke%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1873&rft.isbn=9781145371071&rft.aulast=Thomas+Colebrooke&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDToCAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMishra2018" class="citation book cs1">Mishra, Amar Kant (23 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHp7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Ruling Dynasty Of Mithila: Dr.Sir Kameswar Singh</i></a>. Notion Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64429-762-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64429-762-9"><bdi>978-1-64429-762-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruling+Dynasty+Of+Mithila%3A+Dr.Sir+Kameswar+Singh&rft.pub=Notion+Press&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft.isbn=978-1-64429-762-9&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Amar+Kant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZHp7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyappappanikkarAkademi1999" class="citation book cs1">Ayyappappanikkar; Akademi, Sahitya (January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ"><i>Medieval Indian literature: an anthology, Volume 3</i></a>. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126007882" title="Special:BookSources/9788126007882"><bdi>9788126007882</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170219172743/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-ra3n8JrSAhVDC8AKHa4dDGsQ6AEIHzAB">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2005) [1974]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SylBHS8IJAUC&pg=PP1"><i>Language, Religion and Politics in North India</i></a>. Lincoln: iUniverse. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-595-34394-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-595-34394-5"><bdi>0-595-34394-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511082055/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SylBHS8IJAUC&lpg=PA67&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language%2C+Religion+and+Politics+in+North+India&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-595-34394-5&rft.aulast=Brass&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSylBHS8IJAUC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yadava2013-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yadava2013_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yadava, Y. P. (2013). Linguistic context and language endangerment in Nepal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepling/pdf/Nep_Ling_28.pdf">Nepalese Linguistics 28</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231341/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepling/pdf/Nep_Ling_28.pdf">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: 262–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrierson1909" class="citation book cs1">Grierson, George Abraham (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoma00grierich"><i>An introduction to the Maithili dialect of the Bihari language as spoken in North Bihar</i></a> (2 ed.). Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+Maithili+dialect+of+the+Bihari+language+as+spoken+in+North+Bihar&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Bengal&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=George+Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoma00grierich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYadav1996" class="citation book cs1">Yadav, Ramawatar (1996). <i>A Reference Grammar of Maithili</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reference+Grammar+of+Maithili&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Yadav&rft.aufirst=Ramawatar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Statistics_Office2023" class="citation cs2">National Statistics Office (June 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014072320/https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/Caste%20Ethnicity_report_NPHC_2021.pdf">"National report on caste/ethnicity, language & religion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>National Population and Housing Census 2021</i>, Government of Nepal, Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity">the original</a> on 14 October 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Population+and+Housing+Census+2021&rft.atitle=National+report+on+caste%2Fethnicity%2C+language+%26+religion&rft.date=2023-06&rft.au=National+Statistics+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusnepal.cbs.gov.np%2Fresults%2Fdownloads%2Fcaste-ethnicity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoudhary2010" class="citation book cs1">Choudhary, Radhakrishna (2010). <i>A Survey of Maithili Literature</i>. Delhi: Shruti Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80538-36-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80538-36-5"><bdi>978-93-80538-36-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Maithili+Literature&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Shruti+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-93-80538-36-5&rft.aulast=Choudhary&rft.aufirst=Radhakrishna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaithili+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mai:"> Maithili edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maithili_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maithili language">Maithili language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Maithili_phrasebook#Q36109" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Maithili phrasebook">Maithili</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230084755/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=199">UCLA Language Materials Project : Maithili</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121219224725/http://www.ntm.org.in/languages/maithili/default_maithili.asp">National Translation Mission's (NTM) Maithili Pages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videha.co.in/">Videha Ist Maithili</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2229-547X">2229-547X</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Template:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Template talk:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indo-Aryan_languages457" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kashmiri</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwari" title="Kishtwari">Kishtwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokskat" title="Brokskat">Brokskat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkoti_language" title="Kalkoti language">Kalkoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pashayi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_languages" title="Pashayi languages">Pashayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kunar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dameli_language" title="Dameli language">Dameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" title="Gawar-Bati language">Gawar-Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangalami_language" title="Nangalami language">Nangalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumashti_language" title="Shumashti language">Shumashti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotapuri-Katarqalai_language" title="Wotapuri-Katarqalai language">Wotapuri-Katarqalai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chitral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-mun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasha-mun">Kalasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar" title="Khowar">Khowar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hazara Division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" title="Indus Kohistani">Indus Kohistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilisso_language" title="Chilisso language">Chilisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowro_language" title="Gowro language">Gowro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalami language">Kalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirahi_language" title="Tirahi language">Tirahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankiyali_language" title="Mankiyali language">Mankiyali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Northern Indo-Aryan languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doteli" title="Doteli">Doteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumli_language" title="Jumli language">Jumli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_language" title="Kumaoni language">Kumaoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Pahari" title="Western Pahari">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangri_language" title="Kangri language">Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadarwahi_language" title="Bhadarwahi language">Bhadarwahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churahi" title="Churahi">Churahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhateali" title="Bhateali">Bhateali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspuri" title="Bilaspuri">Bilaspuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambeali" title="Chambeali">Chambeali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddi_language" title="Gaddi language">Gaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangwali" title="Pangwali">Pangwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeali" title="Mandeali">Mandeali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasu_Pahari" title="Mahasu Pahari">Mahasu Pahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunsari_language" title="Jaunsari language">Jaunsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kullui" title="Kullui">Kullui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari_Kinnauri_language" title="Pahari Kinnauri language">Pahari Kinnauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduri_language" title="Hinduri language">Hinduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmauri_language" title="Sirmauri language">Sirmauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarazi_language" title="Sarazi language">Sarazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Punjabi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lahnda" title="Lahnda">Lahnda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inku_language" title="Inku language">Inku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetrani_language" title="Khetrani language">Khetrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_languages" title="Sindhi languages">Sindhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholosi_language" title="Kholosi language">Kholosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwati_language" title="Luwati language">Luwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_languages" title="Gujarati languages">Gujarati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisan_ud-Dawat" title="Lisan ud-Dawat">Lisan ud-Dawat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandavra_language" title="Jandavra language">Jandavra</a></li> <li>Koli <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language" title="Kachi Koli language">Kachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language" title="Wadiyara Koli language">Wadiyara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_language" title="Saurashtra language">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghri_language" title="Vaghri language">Vaghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaria_language" title="Goaria language">Goaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loarki_language" title="Loarki language">Loarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhundari_language" title="Dhundari language">Dhundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harauti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Harauti language">Harauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewati_language" title="Mewati language">Mewati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhawati_language" title="Shekhawati language">Shekhawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatki_language" title="Dhatki language">Dhatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_language" title="Od language">Od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimadi_language" title="Nimadi language">Nimadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bhil_languages" title="Bhil languages">Bhil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilali_language" title="Bhilali language">Bhilali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chodri_language" title="Chodri language">Chodri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhodia%E2%80%93Kukna_language" title="Dhodia–Kukna language">Dhodia–Kukna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanki_language" title="Dhanki language">Dhanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubli_language" title="Dubli language">Dubli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauria_language" title="Bauria language">Bauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilori_language" title="Bhilori language">Bhilori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawchi_language" title="Mawchi language">Mawchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magari_language" title="Magari language">Magari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palya_Bareli_language" title="Palya Bareli language">Palya Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauri_Bareli_language" title="Pauri Bareli language">Pauri Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathwi_Bareli_language" title="Rathwi Bareli language">Rathwi Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardhi_language" title="Pardhi language">Pardhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamit_language" title="Gamit language">Gamit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalto_language" title="Kalto language">Kalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasavi_language" title="Vasavi language">Vasavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagdi" title="Wagdi">Wagdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaagri_Booli_language" title="Vaagri Booli language">Vaagri Booli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_language" title="Dawoodi language">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Romani_languages" title="Template:Romani languages">list of languages</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Central Indo-Aryan languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braj_Bhasha" title="Braj Bhasha">Braj Bhasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeli_language" title="Bundeli language">Bundeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kauravi_dialect" title="Kauravi dialect">Kauravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinglish" title="Hinglish">Hinglish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urdish" title="Urdish">Urdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judeo-Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_Urdu" title="Hyderabadi Urdu">Hyderabadi Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhta" title="Rekhta">Rekhta</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannauji_language" title="Kannauji language">Kannauji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhukkadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhukkadi">Sadhukkadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagheli_language" title="Bagheli language">Bagheli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Eastern Indo-Aryan languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Bihari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bhojpuric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Caribbean Hindustani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magahi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortha_language" title="Khortha language">Khortha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maithili</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sadanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmali_language" title="Kurmali language">Kurmali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tharuic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_languages" title="Tharu languages">Tharu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochila_Tharu" title="Kochila Tharu">Kochila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buksa_language" title="Buksa language">Buksa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhi_language" title="Majhi language">Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musasa_language" title="Musasa language">Musasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumhali_language" title="Kumhali language">Kumhali</a></li> <li>Kuswaric <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bote-Darai_language" title="Bote-Darai language">Bote-Darai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danwar_language" title="Danwar language">Danwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gauda%E2%80%93Kamarupa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda–Kamarupa languages">Gauda–<br />Kamarupa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bengali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_dialects" title="Bengali dialects">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_Thar_language" title="Kharia Thar language">Kharia Thar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmukar_language" title="Kurmukar language">Kurmukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Paharia_language" title="Mal Paharia language">Mal Paharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhailla_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Noakhailla language">Noakhailla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_language" title="Tanchangya language">Tanchangya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kamarupic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_dialects" title="Kamrupi dialects">Kamrupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalpariya_dialects" title="Goalpariya dialects">Goalpariya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbanshi_language_(Nepal)" title="Rajbanshi language (Nepal)">Rajbanshi (Nepal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rangpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjapuri_language" title="Surjapuri language">Surjapuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chittagonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagonian_language" title="Chittagonian language">Chittagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Odia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_language" title="Sambalpuri language">Sambalpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desia_language" title="Desia language">Desia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatri_language" title="Bhatri language">Bhatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Parja_language" title="Bodo Parja language">Bodo Parja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reli_language" title="Reli language">Reli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupia_language" title="Kupia language">Kupia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Halbic_languages" title="Halbic languages">Halbic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halbi_language" title="Halbi language">Halbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamar_language" title="Kamar language">Kamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhunjia_language_(Halbic)" title="Bhunjia language (Halbic)">Bhunjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahari_language" title="Nahari language">Nahari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marathi-Konkani_languages" title="Marathi-Konkani languages">Marathi–<br />Konkani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marathic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andh_language" title="Andh language">Andh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar-Deccan_Marathi" title="Berar-Deccan Marathi">Berar Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varli_language" title="Varli language">Varli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phudagi_language" title="Phudagi language">Phudagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katkari_language" title="Katkari language">Katkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadodi_language" title="Kadodi language">Kadodi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konkanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtrian Konkani">Maharashtrian Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarese_Konkani" title="Canarese Konkani">Canarese Konkani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_language" title="Maldivian language">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Sanskrit">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_superstrate_in_Mitanni" title="Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni">Mitanni superstrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Middle Indo-Aryan languages">Middle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Prakrit" title="Ashokan Prakrit">Ashokan Prakrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit" title="Ardhamagadhi Prakrit">Early Ardhamagadhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle (<a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Hybrid_Sanskrit" title="Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit">Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Prakrit" title="Dramatic Prakrit">Dramatic Prakrits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit" title="Ardhamagadhi Prakrit">Ardhamagadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtri_Prakrit" title="Maharashtri Prakrit">Maharashtri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shauraseni_Prakrit" title="Shauraseni Prakrit">Shauraseni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhari_language" title="Gandhari language">Gāndhārī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudi_Prakrit" title="Gaudi Prakrit">Gaudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paishachi" title="Paishachi">Paishachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late (<a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abahattha" title="Abahattha">Abahattha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elu" title="Elu">Elu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarupi_Prakrit" title="Kamarupi Prakrit">Kamarupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasa_Prakrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasa Prakrit language">Khasa Prakrit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian language">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Aryan_language" title="Proto-Indo-Aryan language">Proto-Indo-Aryan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi" title="Badeshi">Badeshi</a> (unknown further classification)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazigar_language" title="Bazigar language">Bazigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinali%E2%80%93Lahul_languages" title="Chinali–Lahul languages">Chinali–Lahul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinali_language" title="Chinali language">Chinali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahul_Lohar_language" title="Lahul Lohar language">Lahul Lohar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhgal" title="Sheikhgal">Sheikhgal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgins<br />and creoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Creole_Hindi" title="Andaman Creole Hindi">Andaman Creole Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Hindi" title="Bombay Hindi">Bombay Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haflong_Hindi" title="Haflong Hindi">Haflong Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamese_creole" title="Nagamese creole">Nagamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefamese" title="Nefamese">Nefamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda_language" title="Vedda language">Vedda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian languages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani languages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_India466" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_India" title="Template:Languages of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_India" title="Template talk:Languages of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_India466" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Union-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India">8th schedule</a> to the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (Manipuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-level only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_language" title="Ho language">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRNB_lects" class="mw-redirect" title="KRNB lects">Kamatapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_language" title="Kharia language">Kharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortha_language" title="Khortha language">Khortha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmali_language" title="Kurmali language">Kurmali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai languages">Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rajbangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">Major<br />unofficial<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#More_than_one_million_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">Over 1 million<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagheli_language" title="Bagheli language">Bagheli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeli_language" title="Bundeli language">Bundeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhundari_language" title="Dhundari language">Dhundhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harauti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Harauti language">Harauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangri_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangri dialect">Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_language" title="Kumaoni language">Kumaoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimadi_language" title="Nimadi language">Nimadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjapuri_language" title="Surjapuri language">Surjapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagdi" title="Wagdi">Wagdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#100,000_to_one_million_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">100,000 – 1 million<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaga_language" title="Badaga language">Badaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbi_language" title="Halbi language">Halbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotta_Bhasha" title="Khotta Bhasha">Khotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolami language">Kolami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korku_language" title="Korku language">Korku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koya_language" title="Koya language">Koya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" title="Kui language (India)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvi_language" title="Kuvi language">Kuvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malto_language" title="Malto language">Malto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sema_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sema language">Sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_language" title="Sora language">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Languages of India">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilingualism_in_India" title="Multilingualism in India">Multilingualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_India" title="List of endangered languages in India">Endangered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_states_by_most_spoken_scheduled_languages" title="Indian states by most spoken scheduled languages">Scheduled languages in states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Nepal62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Nepal" title="Template:Languages of Nepal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Nepal" title="Template talk:Languages of Nepal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Nepal62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal" title="Languages of Nepal">Languages of Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/34px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahing_language" title="Bahing language">Bahing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantawa_language" title="Bantawa language">Bantawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belhare_language" title="Belhare language">Belhare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamling_language" title="Chamling language">Chamling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumi_language" title="Dumi language">Dumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampang_language" title="Sampang language">Sampang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulung_language" title="Thulung language">Thulung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu_language" title="Vayu language">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waling_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Waling language">Waling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_language" title="Yakkha language">Yakkha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chantyal_language" title="Chantyal language">Chantyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manang_language" title="Manang language">Manang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jirel_language" title="Jirel language">Jirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagate_language" title="Kagate language">Kagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyirong_language" title="Kyirong language">Kyirong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugom_dialect" title="Mugom dialect">Mugomt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naapa_language" title="Naapa language">Naapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubri_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nubri (language)">Nubri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_language" title="Yolmo language">Yolmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baram_language" title="Baram language">Baram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaike_language" title="Kaike language">Kaike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji_language" title="Raji language">Raji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raute_language" title="Raute language">Raute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangmi_language" title="Thangmi language">Thangmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angika_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Angika language">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danwar_language" title="Danwar language">Danwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doteli_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Doteli language">Doteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumli_language" title="Jumli language">Jumli</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhi_language" title="Majhi language">Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rangpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_languages" title="Tharu languages">Tharu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochila_Tharu" title="Kochila Tharu">Kochila</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghandruk_Sign_Language" title="Ghandruk Sign Language">Ghandruk Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhankot_Sign_Language" title="Jhankot Sign Language">Jhankot Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumla_Sign_Language" title="Jumla Sign Language">Jumla Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maunabudhuk%E2%80%93Bodhe_Sign_Language" title="Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language">Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_Sign_Language" title="Nepali Sign Language">Nepali Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_English" title="Nepalese English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusunda_language" title="Kusunda language">Kusunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhwar_language" title="Majhwar language">Majhwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maithili_language51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maithili_language" title="Template:Maithili language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Maithili_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Maithili language (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maithili_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maithili language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maithili_language51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maithili language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi Prakrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_grammar" title="Maithili grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_literature" title="Maithili literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Bihari languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C4%93thi" title="Thēthi">Thēthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Maithili" title="Eastern Maithili">Purbi Maithili</a></li> <li>Jolaha</li> <li>Kisan</li> <li>Khortha</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Maithili Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Maithili Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Academy" title="Maithili Academy">Maithili Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhuta">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox389" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36109#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4104524-5">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&oldid=1275500263">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maithili_language&oldid=1275500263</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maithili_language" title="Category:Maithili language">Maithili language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bihari_languages" title="Category:Bihari languages">Bihari languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Mithila" title="Category:Culture of Mithila">Culture of Mithila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Category:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages">Eastern Indo-Aryan languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_attested_from_the_14th_century" title="Category:Languages attested from the 14th century">Languages attested from the 14th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Bihar" title="Category:Languages of Bihar">Languages of Bihar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_India" title="Category:Languages of India">Languages of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Jharkhand" title="Category:Languages of Jharkhand">Languages of Jharkhand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Nepal" title="Category:Languages of Nepal">Languages of Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_written_in_Brahmic_scripts" title="Category:Languages written in Brahmic scripts">Languages written in Brahmic scripts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_languages_of_India" title="Category:Official languages of India">Official languages of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Bagmati_Province" title="Category:Languages of Bagmati Province">Languages of Bagmati Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Koshi_Province" title="Category:Languages of Koshi Province">Languages of Koshi Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Madhesh_Province" title="Category:Languages of Madhesh Province">Languages of Madhesh Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Lumbini_Province" title="Category:Languages of Lumbini Province">Languages of Lumbini Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_written_in_Devanagari" title="Category:Languages written in Devanagari">Languages written in Devanagari</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Maithili_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Maithili IPA">Pages with Maithili IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_old_speaker_data" title="Category:Language articles with old speaker data">Language articles with old speaker data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-2 code">Languages with ISO 639-2 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_language_articles_citing_sources_other_than_Ethnologue" title="Category:ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue">ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 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[\"CITEREFMajumdarPusalkerMajumdar1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorshed2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Statistics_Office2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandey2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRahmat_Jahan,_1960-2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSah,_K._K.2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimons,_G._F.Fennig,_C._D.2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Hindu_Net_Desk2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas_Colebrooke1873\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTripathi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVijay_Deo_Jha2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYadav1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYadav1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYadav1996\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFYadav2011\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bihari languages\"] = 1,\n [\"Block indent\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 13,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 17,\n [\"Grapheme\"] = 58,\n [\"IPA\"] = 89,\n [\"IPA link\"] = 59,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISSN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox language\"] = 1,\n [\"InterWiki\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Languages of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Languages of Nepal\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Maithili language\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"OED\"] = 1,\n [\"Photomontage\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Script\"] = 61,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sigfig\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","21.1"],["?","160","14.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","8.8"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","80","7.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","5.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.5"],["citation0 \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:2615\u003E","40","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","3.5"],["[others]","280","24.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-8xv6m","timestamp":"20250214040723","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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