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Culture of Ossetia - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">Culture in Osetia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The <b>culture of Ossetia</b> includes a range of rituals, customs and language distinctions specific to the region of <a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetia</a> in the Caucasus, divided between Russia and Georgia, and inhabited primarily by the <a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian ethnic group</a>. The Ossetian culture combines traces of ancient Iranian, Scythian, and Caucasian traditions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Ossetia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ossetians speak <a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian language</a>, which has two major dialects: <a href="/wiki/Digor_people" title="Digor people">Digor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Ossetian" title="Iron Ossetian">Iron</a>. The written form of Ossetian is based on the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a>, with additional characters to represent unique Ossetian sounds. Ossetian literature dates back to the 18th century, and prominent authors include <a href="/wiki/Kosta_Khetagurov" title="Kosta Khetagurov">Kosta Khetagurov</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nart_Sagalayev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nart Sagalayev (page does not exist)">Nart Sagalayev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Ossetia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of Ossetians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which was introduced to the region in the 10th century. Before the spread of Christianity, Ossetians practiced indigenous religions with elements of <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian</a> beliefs. The pre-Christian religious traditions are still preserved in various rituals, festivals, and folklore.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs_and_traditions">Customs and traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Ossetia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Customs and traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ossetian culture places great importance on hospitality, respect for elders, and strong family ties. Traditional Ossetian families are patriarchal and consist of several generations living under one roof. The family's male head holds the primary authority, and women are responsible for maintaining the household and raising children.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ossetians celebrate numerous festivals and holidays, some of which have pre-Christian origins. One such event is the Khetagurov Day, commemorating the life of the Ossetian poet Kosta Khetagurov, and is marked by feasting, dancing, and reciting his poems. Another significant holiday is <a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Day" title="Saint George&#39;s Day">St. George's Day</a>, celebrated in honor of St. George, the patron saint of Ossetia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marriages are traditionally arranged by the couple's parents, with a preference for close kin, especially among the rural population. Wedding ceremonies are elaborate affairs, with singing, dancing, and feasting that can last for several days. The bride and groom dress in traditional Ossetian clothing, and the wedding rituals involve various symbolic acts to ensure a prosperous and happy life for the newlyweds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Ossetia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ossetian cuisine is a diverse mix of indigenous ingredients and culinary influences from neighboring regions. The staple foods include grains, dairy products, meat, and vegetables. The most famous Ossetian dish is the Ossetian pie, called "褎褘写写卸褘薪" (fyddzhin) or "褏褗芯写蟹" (khodz), made from layers of thinly rolled dough filled with a variety of ingredients, such as cheese, meat, or vegetables. Other popular dishes include "褋忙褉屑忙" (saermae), a dish of stuffed cabbage leaves, and "斜邪谢写卸" (baldzh), a thick soup made from beans, barley, and meat.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Ossetia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Music and dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Ossetian music is characterized by the use of various musical instruments, such as the "褎邪薪写褘褉" (fandyr), a long-necked stringed instrument, the "写卸懈谐邪" (dzhiga), a type of flute, and the "褕邪谢褘褕" (shalish), a percussion instrument. Polyphonic singing, where multiple vocal parts are performed simultaneously, is a distinctive feature of Ossetian music.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Ossetia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorgoeva2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Morgoeva, L. (2015). <i>袩邪褉械屑懈懈 懈 褉械褔械胁褘械 褎芯褉屑褍谢褘 芯褋械褌懈薪褋泻芯谐芯 褟蟹褘泻邪: 褋械屑邪薪褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄, 锌褉邪谐屑邪褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄 懈 褝褌薪芯谢懈薪谐胁懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄 邪褋锌械泻褌褘</i> (in Russian). 袙谢邪写懈泻邪胁泻邪蟹.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B&amp;rft.place=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.aulast=Morgoeva&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakazov2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Takazov, F. (2009). <i>袚械薪械蟹懈褋 褉械谢懈谐懈芯蟹薪褘褏 胁芯蟹蟹褉械薪懈泄 薪邪褉芯写芯胁 小械胁械褉薪芯谐芯 袣邪胁泻邪蟹邪</i> (in Russian). Vladikavkaz: 袠袩袨 小袨袠袚小袠.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&amp;rft.place=Vladikavkaz&amp;rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%9F%D0%9E+%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%98%D0%93%D0%A1%D0%98&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Takazov&amp;rft.aufirst=F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF袛蟹邪褌褌懈邪褌褘2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">袛蟹邪褌褌懈邪褌褘, 袪. 袚. (2018). <i>袠蟹斜褉邪薪薪芯械. 袗褉褏械芯谢芯谐懈褟, 褝褌薪芯谐褉邪褎懈褟, 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟 袨褋械褌懈懈</i> (in Russian). Vladikavkaz: 小袨袠袚小袠 袙袧笑 袪袗袧.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5.+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;rft.place=Vladikavkaz&amp;rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%98%D0%93%D0%A1%D0%98+%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%A6+%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9D&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.aulast=%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B&amp;rft.aufirst=%D0%A0.+%D0%93.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanukova2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kanukova, Z. (2018). <i>孝褉邪写懈褑懈褟 胁 褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯屑 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械</i> (in Russian). Vladikavkaz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5&amp;rft.place=Vladikavkaz&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.aulast=Kanukova&amp;rft.aufirst=Z.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbaeva2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abaeva, F. (2013). <i>袨斜褉褟写芯胁褘泄 褋胁邪写械斜薪褘泄 褌械泻褋褌 芯褋械褌懈薪 (谢械泻褋懈泻邪, 褋械屑邪薪褌懈泻邪, 褋懈屑胁芯谢懈泻邪)</i> (in Russian). Vladikavkaz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+%28%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29&amp;rft.place=Vladikavkaz&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.aulast=Abaeva&amp;rft.aufirst=F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDzlieva2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dzlieva, D. (2014). <i>袛懈薪邪屑懈泻邪 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻芯谐芯 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟 褋胁邪写械斜薪芯谐芯 屑褍蟹褘泻邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褎芯谢褜泻谢芯褉邪 芯褋械褌懈薪</i> (in Russian) (小械褉懈褟 "袩械褉胁邪褟 屑芯薪芯谐褉邪褎懈褟"&#160;ed.). Vladikavkaz: 袠袩笑 小袨袠袚小袠 袙袧笑 袪袗袧 and 袪小袨-袗.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD.&amp;rft.place=Vladikavkaz&amp;rft.edition=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%22%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%22&amp;rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%9F%D0%A6+%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%98%D0%93%D0%A1%D0%98+%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%A6+%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9D+and+%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%9E-%D0%90&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.aulast=Dzlieva&amp;rft.aufirst=D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuaeva2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tuaeva, B. (2016). <i>小械胁械褉薪褘泄 袣邪胁泻邪蟹: 褍褉斜邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈芯薪薪褘械 锌褉芯褑械褋褋褘 懈 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉邪 谐芯褉芯写邪. 小斜芯褉薪懈泻 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁 懈 写芯泻褍屑械薪褌芯胁</i> (in Russian). Germany: LAB.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%3A+%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.&amp;rft.place=Germany&amp;rft.pub=LAB&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.aulast=Tuaeva&amp;rft.aufirst=B.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF袛袟袝袪袗袧袨袙2017" class="citation journal cs1">袛袟袝袪袗袧袨袙, 孝.袝. (15 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.23671%2Fvnc.2017.64.9732">"袣袗袥袨袝袙 袘.袗. 袠 袝袚袨 袠小小袥袝袛袨袙袗袧袠携 孝袪袗袛袠笑袠袨袧袧袨袡 袣校袥鞋孝校袪蝎 袨小袝孝袠袧"</a>. <i>袠蟹胁械褋褌懈褟 小袨袠袚小袠</i>. <b>25</b> (64). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.23671%2Fvnc.2017.64.9732">10.23671/vnc.2017.64.9732</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2223-165X">2223-165X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%98%D0%93%D0%A1%D0%98&amp;rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%95%D0%92+%D0%91.%D0%90.+%D0%98+%D0%95%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%99+%D0%9A%D0%A3%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%A2%D0%A3%D0%A0%D0%AB+%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9D&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.issue=64&amp;rft.date=2017-09-15&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.23671%2Fvnc.2017.64.9732&amp;rft.issn=2223-165X&amp;rft.aulast=%D0%94%D0%97%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92&amp;rft.aufirst=%D0%A2.%D0%95.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.23671%252Fvnc.2017.64.9732&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Ossetia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style 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