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id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitalist_groups_as_employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitalist_groups_as_employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Hospitalist groups as employers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitalist_groups_as_employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quality_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quality_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Quality initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quality_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hospital medicine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="হাসপাতাল চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাসপাতাল চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_hospitalaria" title="Medicina hospitalaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medicina hospitalaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پزشکی بیمارستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پزشکی بیمارستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine_hospitali%C3%A8re_polyvalente" title="Médecine hospitalière polyvalente – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médecine hospitalière polyvalente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalistika" title="Hospitalistika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hospitalistika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemocni%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_medic%C3%ADna" title="Nemocničná medicína – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemocničná medicína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="پزیشکیی نەخۆشخانە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پزیشکیی نەخۆشخانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_h%E1%BB%8Dc_B%E1%BB%87nh_vi%E1%BB%87n" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Acute internal medicine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Hospitalist</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Physician</li> <li>Surgeon</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Specialty_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialty (medicine)">Specialty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Education required</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a> (M.D.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Osteopathic medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic medicine</a> (D.O.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a> (M.B.B.S.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a> (MBChB)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fields of<br />employment</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">Clinics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hospital medicine</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Specialty_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialty (medicine)">medical specialty</a> that exists in some countries as a branch of <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">family medicine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">internal medicine</a>, dealing with the care of acutely ill <a href="/wiki/Inpatient_care" title="Inpatient care">hospitalized patients</a>. <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physicians</a> whose primary professional focus is caring for hospitalized patients only while they are in the <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> are called <b>hospitalists</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originating in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, this type of medical practice has extended into <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. The vast majority of physicians who refer to themselves as hospitalists focus their practice upon hospitalized patients. Hospitalists are not necessarily required to have separate <a href="/wiki/Board_certification" title="Board certification">board certification</a> in hospital medicine. </p><p>The term <i>hospitalist</i> was first coined by <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Wachter" title="Robert M. Wachter">Robert Wachter</a> and Lee Goldman in a 1996 <i><a href="/wiki/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Journal of Medicine">New England Journal of Medicine</a></i> article.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scope of hospital medicine includes acute patient care, teaching, research, and executive leadership related to the delivery of hospital-based care. Hospital medicine, like <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">emergency medicine</a>, is a specialty organized around the location of care (the hospital), rather than an <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organ</a> (like <a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">cardiology</a>), <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> (like <a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a>), or a patient’s age (like <a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">pediatrics</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emergence of hospital medicine in the United States can be compared and contrasted with the parallel development of <a href="/wiki/Acute_medicine" title="Acute medicine">acute medicine</a> in the United Kingdom, reflecting <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">health system</a> differences.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22331278_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22331278-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complex_work_practices">Complex work practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Complex work practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the US, a typical hospitalist workday in the hospital lasts roughly 10 hours, arriving around 7AM and taking care of a "census" of 14 to 18 patients. Hospitalists typically embrace the rhythm of a "7 on 7 off" schedule, starting each 7-day stretch on a Tuesday and ending on a Monday. While these are typical, what counts as a normal workday, census, and shift schedule can vary from hospital to hospital. </p><p>A hospitalist is like a football quarterback, a central node coordinating patient care for hospitalized inpatients for the duration of their stay. Compared to other medical specialties, hospitalists must work more closely with a much broader range of other <a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">healthcare professionals</a>, such as specialist physicians, bedside <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse">nurses</a>, charge nurses, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacists" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacists">pharmacists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Case_management_(US_healthcare_system)" title="Case management (US healthcare system)">case managers</a>. On a typical day in a hospital, a hospitalist is likely to have 10 to 30 different colleagues with whom they are collaborating on patient care. </p><p>When combined with the complexities of hospital medicine, complex interprofessional collaboration tends to allow for unnecessary miscommunication, oversight, <a href="/wiki/Medical_error" title="Medical error">errors</a>, and delays. Attempts to reduce this complexity and standardize interprofessional collaboration have resulted in care models like <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_bedside_rounds" title="Interdisciplinary bedside rounds">interdisciplinary bedside rounds</a> that emphasize face-to-face communication, a contrast with communication that occurs solely through the electronic medical record, secure chat, pages, and calls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Australia, hospitalists are career hospital doctors; they are generalist medical practitioners whose principal focus is the provision of clinical care to patients in hospitals; they are typically beyond the internship-residency phase of their career, but have decidedly chosen as a conscious career choice not to partake in vocational-specialist training to acquire fellowship specialist qualification. Whilst not specialists, these clinicians are nonetheless experienced in their years of medical practice, and depending on their scope of practice, they typically work with a reasonable degree of independence and autonomy under the auspices of their specialist colleagues and supervisors. Hospitalists form a demographically small but important workforce of doctors in hospitals across Australia where on-site specialist coverage is otherwise unavailable. </p><p>Hospitalists are typically employed in a variety of public and private hospital settings on a contractual or salaried basis. Dependent on their place of employment and duties, the responsibilities and remuneration of non-specialist hospitalists are usually comparable to somewhere between registrars and consultants. Despite the common trend for clinicians to specialise nowadays, non-specialist hospitalist clinicians have an important role in fulfilling shortages in the medical workforce, especially when specialist coverage or accessibility is unavailable and where there is an area-of-need or after-hours or on-site medical care is required. These clinicians and employed across Australia in a variety of environments which include Medical & Surgical Wards, Intensive Care Units and Emergency Departments. Nonetheless, these clinicians work closely and continually consult with the relevant attending specialists on-call; that is, final responsibility and care for the patient ultimately still rests with the attending specialist. </p><p>They are also known as: Career Medical Officers (CMO), Senior Medical Officers (SMO) and Multi-skilled Medical Officers (MMO). </p><p>Hospitalists are represented by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Medical_Association" title="Australian Medical Association">Australian Medical Association</a> (AMA), Australasian Society of Career Medical Officers (ASCMO) and Australian Salaried Medical Officers Federation (AMSOF). Despite being non-specialist clinicians, they are still required to meet continuing professional development requirements and frequently attend courses facilitated by these organisations and hospitals to keep their practice and skillets up-to-date alongside their specialist registered colleagues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Canada, there are currently no official residency programs specializing in hospital medicine. Nevertheless, some universities, such as <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, have come up with <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">family medicine</a> enhanced skills programs focused on hospital medicine. This program, which is available to practicing physicians and family medicine residents, has a duration of six or twelve months. The main goal behind the program is to prepare medical doctors with training in family practice to assume shared care roles with other specialists, such as <a href="/wiki/Cardiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiologist">cardiologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurologist">neurologists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nephrologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephrologist">nephrologists</a>, in a hospital setting. Moreover, the program prepares family physicians by giving them a set of skills required for caring for their complicated hospitalized patients.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Training">Training</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hospitalists are physicians with a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a> (M.D.), <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a> (D.O.), or a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine/Bachelor_of_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery</a> (MBBS/MBChB) degree.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most hospitalists practicing in hospitals in the United States lack board certification in hospital medicine. To address this, residency programs are starting to develop hospitalist tracks with more tailored education. Several universities have also started fellowship programs specifically geared toward hospital medicine. </p><p>According to the State of Hospital Medicine Survey by the Medical Group Management Association and the Society of Hospital Medicine, 89.60% of hospitalists specialize in general internal medicine, 5.5% in a pediatrics subspecialty, 3.7% in family practice and 1.2% in internal medicine pediatrics.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Data from the survey also reported that 53.5% of hospitalists are employed by hospitals/integrated delivery system and 25.3% are employed by independent hospitalists groups. </p><p>According to recent data, there are more than 50,000 hospitalists practicing in approximately 75% of U.S. hospitals, including all highly ranked academic medical centers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hospital medicine is a relatively new phenomenon in American medicine and as such is the fastest growing specialty in the history of medicine. Almost unheard of a generation ago, this type of practice arose from three powerful shifts in medical practice: </p> <ul><li>Nearly all states, as well as the national residency accreditation organizations, the <a href="/wiki/Accreditation_Council_for_Graduate_Medical_Education" title="Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education">Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education</a> (ACGME) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Association" title="American Osteopathic Association">American Osteopathic Association</a> (AOA), have established limitations on <a href="/wiki/Medical_resident" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical resident">house staff</a> duty hours, the number of hours that <a href="/wiki/Medical_intern" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical intern">interns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_resident" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical resident">residents</a> can work. Many hospitalists are coming to perform the same tasks formerly performed by residents; although this is usually referred to as a House Officer rather than a hospitalist.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The fundamental difference between a hospitalist and a house officer is that the hospitalist is the <a href="/wiki/Attending_physician" title="Attending physician">attending physician</a> of a patient while that patient is hospitalized. The house officer admits the patient for another attending physician and cares for that patient until the attending physician can see the patient.</li> <li>Most primary care physicians are experiencing a shrinking role in hospital care. Many primary care physicians find they can generate more revenue in the office during the hour or more they would have spent on inpatient rounds, including traveling to and from the hospital.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>In addition to patient care duties, hospitalists are often involved in developing and managing aspects of hospital operations such as inpatient flow and quality improvement. The formation of hospitalist training tracks in residency programs has been driven in part by the need to educate future hospitalists about business and operational aspects of medicine, as these topics are not covered in traditional residencies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Certification">Certification</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a relatively new specialty, only recently has certification for specialty experience and training for hospital medicine been offered. The <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Hospital_Medicine" title="American Board of Hospital Medicine">American Board of Hospital Medicine</a> (ABHM), a Member Board of the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Physician_Specialties" title="American Board of Physician Specialties">American Board of Physician Specialties</a> (ABPS), was founded in 2009. The ABHM was North America’s first board of certification devoted exclusively to hospital medicine. In September 2009, the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Internal_Medicine" title="American Board of Internal Medicine">American Board of Internal Medicine</a> (ABIM) created a program that provides general internists practicing in hospital settings the opportunity to maintain Internal Medicine Certification with a Focused Practice in Hospital Medicine (FPHM). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employment">Employment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of available hospitalists positions grew exponentially from 2006 to 2010 but has since then leveled off.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the job market still remained very active with some hospitals maintaining permanent openings for capable hospitalists. Salaries are generally very competitive, averaging almost $230,000 per year for adult hospitalists.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hospitalists who are willing to work night shifts only (<a href="/wiki/Nocturnist" title="Nocturnist">nocturnists</a>) are generally compensated higher than their day shift peers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hospitalist_groups_as_employers">Hospitalist groups as employers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hospitalist groups as employers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hospitalists typically work for a hospitalist group that is employed either directly through the hospital or through a physician services company, which earns a multimillion-dollar subsidy from the hospital to operate the group. This arrangement is a contrast to other physician specialties which typically recoup their costs directly though their billing for medical services. </p><p>As of 2023, there are around seven large national physician services companies which compete to provide the hospitalist group for health systems, along with many smaller companies. Most of these companies, however, traditionally focus on the emergency department, where billing is lucrative and margins are higher, and they accept the hospitalist group management partnership as a necessary and less profitable add-on. </p><p>From the perspective of a hospital CFO, hospitalists require large subsidies that other physicians may not need. The drive to minimize these subsidies incentivizes the reduction of shifts and increase of a hospitalist's average patient census, which can in turn decrease hospitalist job satisfaction and increase risks to patient safety. Whether these incentives are acted on depends on the financial situation of the hospital, the relationship between the hospitalist group and the hospital, and the working conditions acceptable to the employed hospitalists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quality_initiatives">Quality initiatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Quality initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research shows that hospitalists reduce the length of stay, treatment costs and improve the overall efficiency of care for hospitalized patients.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hospitalists are leaders on several quality improvement initiatives in key areas including transitions of care, co-management of patients, reducing hospital acquired diseases and optimizing the care of patients.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_terminology">Related terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Related terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though hospital medicine is a young field, there have been attempts at further division of labor in the field. </p> <ul><li>A <i><a href="/wiki/Nocturnist" title="Nocturnist">nocturnist</a></i> is a hospitalist who typically covers the twelve-hour shift at night and admits patients as well as receives calls about already admitted patients.</li> <li>A <i><a href="/wiki/Proceduralist" title="Proceduralist">proceduralist</a></i> is generally defined as a hospitalist who primarily does procedures in the hospital such as <a href="/wiki/Central_venous_catheter" title="Central venous catheter">central venous catheter</a> insertions, <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_puncture" title="Lumbar puncture">lumbar punctures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paracentesis" title="Paracentesis">paracenteses</a>.</li> <li>A <i><a href="/wiki/Neurohospitalist" title="Neurohospitalist">neurohospitalist</a></i> cares for hospitalized patients with or at risk for neurological problems.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <i>surgicalist</i> is a surgeon who specializes and focuses on surgical care in the hospital setting.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The following are other commonly used (negative) nicknames: </p> <ul><li>An <i>admitologist</i> or <i>admitter</i> is a hospitalist who only admits patients.</li> <li>A <i>dischargologist</i> is a hospitalist who only discharges patients.</li> <li>A <i>rounder</i> is a hospitalist who only sees admitted patients.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Hospital_Medicine" title="Society of Hospital Medicine">Society of Hospital Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetric_hospitalist" title="Obstetric hospitalist">Obstetric hospitalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals" title="Lists of hospitals">Lists of hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_bedside_rounds" title="Interdisciplinary bedside rounds">Interdisciplinary bedside rounds</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPantilat2006" class="citation news cs1">Pantilat, Steve (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-hospitalist.org/hospitalist/article/123072/what-hospitalist">"What is a Hospitalist?"</a>. <i>The 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hospitalmedicine.org/Web/Membership/HFP/Surgicalists_and_Acute_Care_Surgeons.aspx">the original</a> on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=todayshospitalist.com&rft.atitle=Is+it+time+to+call+the+admitologist%3F+-+Today%27s+Hospitalist&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayshospitalist.com%2Findex.php%3Fb%3Darticles_read%26cnt%3D527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunderman2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gunderman, Richard (2016). "Hospitalists and the Decline of Comprehensive Care". <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>375</b> (11): 1011–1013. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMp1608289">10.1056/NEJMp1608289</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1805%2F12524">1805/12524</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-4793">0028-4793</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27509007">27509007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hospitalists+and+the+Decline+of+Comprehensive+Care&rft.volume=375&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1011-1013&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1805%2F12524&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27509007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMp1608289&rft.aulast=Gunderman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMahon2007" class="citation journal cs1">McMahon, Laurence F. (2007). "The Hospitalist Movement — Time to Move On". <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>357</b> (25): 2627–2629. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMe078208">10.1056/NEJMe078208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-4793">0028-4793</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18094384">18094384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Hospitalist+Movement+%E2%80%94+Time+to+Move+On&rft.volume=357&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=2627-2629&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18094384&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMe078208&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=Laurence+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nextstepincare.org/Caregiver_Home/Hospitalist">"What Is a Hospitalist? A Guide for Family Caregivers"</a>, free consumer guide available in four languages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abhmus.org/">American Board of Hospital Medicine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hospitalmedicine.org/">Society of Hospital Medicine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abim.org/">American Board of Internal Medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Trauma surgery">Trauma surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal<br />medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">Allergy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiology" title="Angiology">Angiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a> <ul><li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_medicine" title="Oral medicine">Oral medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">Neonatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlebologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlebologist">Phlebology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a> (PM&R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_healthcare" title="Prison healthcare">Prison healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">Venereology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Sports medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplantation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">Medical<br />education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Bachelor of Medical Sciences">Bachelor of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Medicine" title="Master of Medicine">Master of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Surgery" title="Master of Surgery">Master of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_oncology" title="Molecular oncology">Molecular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_physician" title="Chief physician">Chief physician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Medicine">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_medicine" title="Outline of medicine">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_about_hospitals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hospital_articles" title="Template:Hospital articles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hospital_articles" title="Template talk:Hospital articles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hospital_articles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hospital articles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Articles_about_hospitals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles about <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_hospitals" title="History of hospitals">History of hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospital_network" title="Hospital network">Hospital network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals" title="Category:Hospitals">Category:Hospitals</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common hospital<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_accreditation" title="Hospital accreditation">Accreditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_bed" title="Hospital bed">Bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_care_unit" title="Coronary care unit">Coronary care unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">Emergency department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_emergency_codes" title="Hospital emergency codes">Emergency codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_administration#Hospital_administrators" title="Health administration">Hospital administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_information_system" title="Hospital information system">Hospital information system</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_museum" title="Hospital museum">Hospital museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hospitalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">Intensive care unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnist" title="Nocturnist">Nocturnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-call_room" title="On-call room">On-call room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_theater" title="Operating theater">Operating theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orderly" title="Orderly">Orderly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patients#Outpatients_and_inpatients" class="mw-redirect" title="Patients">Patients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_pharmacy" title="Hospital pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital ward">Wards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaic forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepeion" class="mw-redirect" title="Asclepeion">Asclepeion</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaristan" title="Bimaristan">Bimaristan</a> (Islamic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_hospital" title="Cottage hospital">Cottage hospital</a> (England)</li> <li>Hôtel-Dieu (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_community_of_ancient_Rome#Imperial" title="Medical community of ancient Rome">Valetudinaria</a> (Roman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a> lying in houses (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenodochium" title="Xenodochium">Xenodochium</a> (Middle Ages)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic service area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base_hospital" title="Base hospital">Base hospital</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_hospital" title="Community hospital">Community hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="General hospital">General hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_hospital" title="Regional hospital">Regional hospital</a> or <a href="/wiki/District_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="District hospital">District hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_hospital" title="Municipal hospital">Municipal hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complexity of services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_hospital" title="Day hospital">Day hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_hospital" title="Secondary hospital">Secondary hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral hospital">Tertiary referral hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">Teaching hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialty_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialty hospital">Specialty hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique physical traits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">Hospital ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_train" title="Hospital train">Hospital train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile hospital">Mobile hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hospital" title="Underground hospital">Underground hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Hospital" title="Virtual Hospital">Virtual Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limited class of patients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_hospital" title="Military hospital">Military hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_support_hospital" title="Combat support hospital">Combat support hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">Field hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prison_hospitals" title="Category:Prison hospitals">Prison hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Veterans_Affairs_medical_facilities" title="List of Veterans Affairs medical facilities">Veterans medical facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_hospitals" title="Category:Women's hospitals">Women's hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_hospital" title="Charitable hospital">Charitable hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_hospital" title="For-profit hospital">For-profit hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_hospital" title="Non-profit hospital">Non-profit hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_hospital" title="State hospital">State hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_hospital" title="Private hospital">Private hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_hospital" title="Public hospital">Public hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_hospital" title="Voluntary hospital">Voluntary hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_hospitals" title="Category:Defunct hospitals">Defunct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condition treated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cancer_hospitals" title="Category:Cancer hospitals">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_hospital" title="Children's hospital">Children's hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eye_hospitals" title="Category:Eye hospitals">Eye hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fever_hospital" title="Fever hospital">Fever hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">Leper colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_hospital" title="Lock hospital">Lock hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternity_hospital" title="Maternity hospital">Maternity hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">Psychiatric hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_hospital" title="Rehabilitation hospital">Rehabilitation hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">Trauma center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Veterinary_hospitals" title="Category:Veterinary hospitals">Verterinary hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Century established</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_5th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 5th century">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_6th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 6th century">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_7th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 7th century">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_8th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 8th century">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_9th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 9th century">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_10th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 10th century">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_11th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 11th century">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_12th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 12th century">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_13th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 13th century">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_14th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 14th century">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_15th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 15th century">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_16th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 16th century">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_17th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 17th century">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_18th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 18th century">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_19th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 19th century">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_20th_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_21st_century" title="Category:Hospitals established in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Lists of hospitals in: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Africa" title="Lists of hospitals in Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Asia" title="Lists of hospitals in Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Europe" title="Lists of hospitals in Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_North_America" title="Lists of hospitals in North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Oceania" title="Lists of hospitals in Oceania">Oceania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_South_America" title="Lists of hospitals in South America">South America</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&oldid=1249368993">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospital_medicine&oldid=1249368993</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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