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areas</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: study areas"> <meta name="keywords" content="study areas"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="study areas"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 52660</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: study areas</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52660</span> Geographic Aspects of Egyptian Illegal Migration to Europe </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ahmed%20Aly%20Hassanien">Mohamed Ahmed Aly Hassanien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the geographic aspects of Egyptian illegal migration to Europe. It used files of Egyptian government bodies and data obtained from a field study carried out in 2015 on the areas of origin. The study revealed that the phenomenon has passed historically through four phases. Areas of origin are classified geographically into three areas: coastal, river, and interior. The study developed a map for routes of migration which identified the main and secondary routes. The main routes included the Libyan, the Mediterranean and the Arab-Turkish routes. Recently, The Mediterranean route has been the largest and the most dangerous. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=areas%20of%20destination" title="areas of destination">areas of destination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=areas%20of%20origin" title=" areas of origin"> areas of origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20migration" title=" illegal migration"> illegal migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routes%20of%20migration" title=" routes of migration"> routes of migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42595/geographic-aspects-of-egyptian-illegal-migration-to-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52659</span> Defining Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation to Support for Zoning Protected Areas: A Case Study from Vietnam </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Dinh%20Vu">Xuan Dinh Vu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmar%20Csaplovics"> Elmar Csaplovics</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been an increasing need for methods to define priority areas for biodiversity conservation since the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in protected areas largely depends on the availability of material resources. The identification of priority areas requires the integration of biodiversity data together with social data on human pressures and responses. However, the deficit of comprehensive data and reliable methods becomes a key challenge in zoning where the demand for conservation is most urgent and where the outcomes of conservation strategies can be maximized. In order to fill this gap, the study applied an environmental model Condition–Pressure–Response to suggest a set of criteria to identify priority areas for biodiversity conservation. Our empirical data has been compiled from 185 respondents, categorizing into three main groups: governmental administration, research institutions, and protected areas in Vietnam by using a well - designed questionnaire. Then, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) theory was used to identify the weight of all criteria. Our results have shown that priority level for biodiversity conservation could be identified by three main indicators: condition, pressure, and response with the value of the weight of 26%, 41%, and 33%, respectively. Based on the three indicators, 7 criteria and 15 sub-criteria were developed to support for defining priority areas for biodiversity conservation and zoning protected areas. In addition, our study also revealed that the groups of governmental administration and protected areas put a focus on the 'Pressure' indicator while the group of Research Institutions emphasized the importance of 'Response' indicator in the evaluation process. Our results provided recommendations to apply the developed criteria for identifying priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Vietnam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity%20conservation" title="biodiversity conservation">biodiversity conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%E2%80%93pressure%E2%80%93response%20model" title=" condition–pressure–response model"> condition–pressure–response model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title=" criteria"> criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority%20areas" title=" priority areas"> priority areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20areas" title=" protected areas"> protected areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105877/defining-priority-areas-for-biodiversity-conservation-to-support-for-zoning-protected-areas-a-case-study-from-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52658</span> Identification and Evaluation of Landscape Mosaics of Kutlubeyyazıcılar Campus, Bartın University, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Sar%C4%B1%20Nayim">Y. Sarı Nayim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20N.%20Nayim"> B. N. Nayim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research proposal includes the defining and evaluation of the semi-natural and cultural ecosystems at Bartın University main campus in Turkey in terms of landscape mosaics. The ecosystem mosaic of the main campus was divided into zones based on ecological classification technique. Based on the results from the study, it was found that 6 different ecosystem mosaics should be used as a base in the planning and design of the existing and future landscape planning of Kutlubeyyazıcılar campus. The first landscape zone involves the 'social areas'. These areas include yards, dining areas, recreational areas and lawn areas. The second landscape zone is 'main vehicle and pedestrian areas'. These areas include vehicle access to the campus landscape, moving in the campus with vehicles, parking and pedestrian walk ways. The third zone is 'landscape areas with high visual landscape quality'. These areas will be the places where attractive structural and plant landscape elements will be used. Fourth zone will be 'landscapes of building borders and their surroundings.' The fifth and important zone that should be survived in the future is 'Actual semi-natural forest and bush areas'. And the last zone is 'water landscape' which brings ecological value to landscape areas. While determining the most convenient areas in the planning and design of the campus, these landscape mosaics should be taken into consideration. This zoning will ensure that the campus landscape is protected and living spaces in the campus apart from the areas where human activities are carried out will be used properly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=campus%20landscape%20planning%20and%20design" title="campus landscape planning and design">campus landscape planning and design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20ecology" title=" landscape ecology"> landscape ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20mosaics" title=" landscape mosaics"> landscape mosaics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bart%C4%B1n" title=" Bartın"> Bartın</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66263/identification-and-evaluation-of-landscape-mosaics-of-kutlubeyyazicilar-campus-bartin-university-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52657</span> The Use of Indicators to Evaluate Minor Heritage Areas in a City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Oliver">J. L. Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Agryzkov"> T. Agryzkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Tortosa"> L. Tortosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20F.%20Vicent"> J. F. Vicent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Santacruz"> J. Santacruz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to demonstrate how a system of indicators can be used in order to evaluate some heritage areas which can be understood as minor ones. We mean by that those urban areas with high heritage interest from an academical point of view, but never properly valued. The reasons for this situation may be diverse, either they are not old enough, or they may show the modest architecture, the fact is these areas have not been considered deserving of protection, as the historical ones. As a result of this reality, they usually show now a very degraded urban space, which in addition contribute to accelerate a process of deterioration. Using a technic well known in urban design, we propose here a system of indicators for patrimonial purposes, as a tool to identify and quantify the heritage value of these kinds of areas. As a case study, we apply this system in some part of the City of Quito (El Ecuador). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20cities" title="heritage cities">heritage cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators" title=" indicators"> indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historic%20sites" title=" historic sites "> historic sites </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78809/the-use-of-indicators-to-evaluate-minor-heritage-areas-in-a-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52656</span> Change Detection of Vegetative Areas Using Land Use Land Cover Derived from NDVI of Desert Encroached Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Garba">T. Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20O.%20Quddus"> T. O. Quddus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Y.%20Babanyara"> Y. Y. Babanyara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Modibbo"> M. A. Modibbo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desertification is define as the changing of productive land into a desert as the result of ruination of land by man-induced soil erosion, which forces famers in the affected areas to move migrate or encourage into reserved areas in search of a fertile land for their farming activities. This study therefore used remote sensing imageries to determine the level of changes in the vegetative areas. To achieve that Normalized Difference of the Vegetative Index (NDVI), classified imageries and image slicing derived from landsat TM 1986, land sat ETM 1999 and Nigeria sat 1 2007 were used to determine changes in vegetations. From the Classified imageries it was discovered that there a more natural vegetation in classified images of 1986 than that of 1999 and 2007. This finding is also future in the three NDVI imageries, it was discovered that there is increased in high positive pixel value from 0.04 in 1986 to 0.22 in 1999 and to 0.32 in 2007. The figures in the three histogram also indicted that there is increased in vegetative areas from 29.15 Km2 in 1986, to 60.58 Km2 in 1999 and then to 109 Km2 in 2007. The study recommends among other things that there is need to restore natural vegetation through discouraging of farming activities in and around the natural vegetation in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetative%20index" title="vegetative index">vegetative index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classified%20imageries" title=" classified imageries"> classified imageries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20detection" title=" change detection"> change detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landsat" title=" landsat"> landsat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation" title=" vegetation"> vegetation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4155/change-detection-of-vegetative-areas-using-land-use-land-cover-derived-from-ndvi-of-desert-encroached-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52655</span> Development of a Digital Healthcare Intervention to Reduce Digital and Healthcare Inequality in Rural Communities with a Focus on Hypertensive Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Festus%20Adedoyin">Festus Adedoyin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Mbeah%20Otoo"> Nana Mbeah Otoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Meacham"> Sofia Meacham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypertension is one of the main health issues in Ghana, where prevalence is higher in rural than in urban areas. This is due to the challenges rural areas have in accessing technology and healthcare services for hypertension control. This study's goal is to create a digital healthcare solution to alleviate this inequality. Through an analysis of current technology and problems, using the ring onion methodology, the study determined the needs for the intervention and evaluated healthcare disparities. An online application with teleconsultation capabilities, reminder mechanisms, and clinical decision support is part of the suggested solution. In outlying areas, mobile clinics in containers with the required equipment will be established. Heuristic evaluation and think-aloud sessions were used to assess the prototype's usability and navigational problems. This study highlights the need to develop digital health interventions to help manage hypertension in rural locations and decrease healthcare disparities. To develop and improve digital healthcare solutions for rural areas worldwide and in Ghana, this study might be used as a tool for future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20health" title="digital health">digital health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20inequalities" title=" health inequalities"> health inequalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension%20management" title=" hypertension management"> hypertension management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168319/development-of-a-digital-healthcare-intervention-to-reduce-digital-and-healthcare-inequality-in-rural-communities-with-a-focus-on-hypertensive-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52654</span> Studying in the Outback: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experience of Women in Regional, Rural and Remote Areas Studying Nursing Online</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keden%20Montgomery">Keden Montgomery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathie%20Ardzejewska"> Kathie Ardzejewska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alison%20Casey"> Alison Casey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosemarie%20Hogan"> Rosemarie Hogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research was undertaken to explore the question “what is known about the experiences of regional, rural and remote Australian women undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing program delivered online?”. The findings will support future research aimed at improving the retention and completion rates of women studying nursing in regional, rural and remote areas.  There is a critical shortage of nurses working in regional, rural and remote (RRR) Australia. It is well supported that this shortage of nurses is most likely to be addressed by nursing students who are completing their studies in RRR areas. Despite this, students from RRR Australia remain an equity group and experience poorer outcomes than their metropolitan counterparts. Completion rates for RRR students who enrol in tertiary education courses are much less than students from metropolitan areas. In addition to this, RRR students are less likely than students from metropolitan areas to gain a tertiary level qualification at all, and even less likely to gain a Bachelor level degree which is required for Registered Nurses. Supporting students to remain in regional, rural and remote areas while they study reduces the need for students to relocate to metropolitan areas and to continue living and working in RRR areas after graduation. This research holds implications for workforce shortages internationally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurse%20education" title="nurse education">nurse education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20education" title=" online education"> online education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional" title=" regional"> regional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote" title=" remote"> remote</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workforce" title=" workforce"> workforce</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169161/studying-in-the-outback-a-hermeneutic-phenomenological-study-of-the-lived-experience-of-women-in-regional-rural-and-remote-areas-studying-nursing-online" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52653</span> Extracting Spatial Information Using Stereo Imageries for Mapping Slum Areas in Karachi, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Raza%20Mehdi">Mohammed Raza Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Ahmed"> Kamran Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mega-city Karachi has numerous unplanned slum areas and squatter settlements with irregular growth of building structures. Due to weak development policy and lack of development control, such settlements are increasing at a rapid pace. Mapping such areas for planning and infrastructure development requires an integrated approach of socio-spatial and technological tools. Therefore in this study, an attempt is made to create GIS information layers on complex inbound built-up areas of slums at the coastal belt of Karachi by using a stereo pair of satellite images. The outcome expected is technological application to aid planning institutions for crisis management and infrastructure development in irregularly developed slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slum" title="slum">slum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20imageries" title=" satellite imageries"> satellite imageries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi" title=" Karachi"> Karachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122338/extracting-spatial-information-using-stereo-imageries-for-mapping-slum-areas-in-karachi-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52652</span> Epidemiological Study on Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Tsetse Fly Density in Some Selected of Pastoral Areas of South Omo Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tekle%20Olbamo">Tekle Olbamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tegegn%20Tesfaye"> Tegegn Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dikaso%20Unbushe"> Dikaso Unbushe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belete%20Jorga"> Belete Jorga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bovine trypanosomosis is a haemoprotozoan parasitic disease, mostly transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species) and poses significant losses to the livestock industry in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas. Therefore, the current study was aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectorial density in some selected tsetse suppression and non-tsetse suppression areas of South Omo Zonefrom December 2018- November 2019. Dark phase contrast buffy coat, hematocrit techniques, and thin blood smear method were used for determination of prevalence and packed cell volume of trypanosomosis infection, respectively. For entomological investigation, 96 NGU traps were deployed (64 traps in tsetse suppression areas, 32 traps in tsetse non-suppression areas) in vector breeding areas. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was 11.05% (142/1284), and overall seasonal prevalence of disease was 14.33% (92/642) and 7.78% (50/642) for dry and wet seasons, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) in disease prevalence between the two seasons. Trypanosomacongolensewas the dominant parasite species; 80% and 71.64%, followed by Trypanosomavivax. Overall mean packed cell volume indicated parasitaemic animals (23.57±3.13) had significantly lower PCV than aparasitaemic animals (27.80±4.95), and animals examined during dry season (26.22±4.37) had lower mean PCV than animals examined during wet season with the significant association. Entomological study result revealed a total of 2.64 F/T/D and 2.03 F/T/D respectively from tsetse suppression areas and tsetse non-suppression areas during dry season and 0.42 F/T/D and 0.56 F/T/D during the wet season. Glossinapallidipes was the only cyclical vectors collected and identified from current study areas along with numerous mechanical vectors of genus Tabanus, Stomoxys, and Haematopota. Therefore integrated and safe control and prevention effort should be engaged to uphold cattle production and productivity in the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bovine%20trypanosomiasis" title="bovine trypanosomiasis">bovine trypanosomiasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Omo" title=" South Omo"> South Omo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsetse%20fly%20density" title=" tsetse fly density"> tsetse fly density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20study" title=" epidemiological study"> epidemiological study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144999/epidemiological-study-on-prevalence-of-bovine-trypanosomosis-and-tsetse-fly-density-in-some-selected-of-pastoral-areas-of-south-omo-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52651</span> Urban Areas Management in Developing Countries: Analysis of the Urban Areas Crossed with Risk of Storm Water Drains, Aswan-Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hamdy">Omar Hamdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schichen%20Zhao"> Schichen Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Abd%20El-Atty"> Hussein Abd El-Atty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Ragab"> Ayman Ragab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Salem"> Muhammad Salem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most risky areas in Aswan is Abouelreesh, which is suffering from flood disasters, as heavy deluge inundates urban areas causing considerable damage to buildings and infrastructure. Moreover, the main problem was the urban sprawl towards this risky area. This paper aims to identify the urban areas located in the risk areas prone to flash floods. Analyzing this phenomenon needs a lot of data to ensure satisfactory results; however, in this case the official data and field data were limited, and therefore, free sources of satellite data were used. This paper used ArcGIS tools to obtain the storm water drains network by analyzing DEM files. Additionally, historical imagery in Google Earth was studied to determine the age of each building. The last step was to overlay the urban area layer and the storm water drains layer to identify the vulnerable areas. The results of this study would be helpful to urban planners and government officials to make the disasters risk estimation and develop primary plans to recover the risky area, especially urban areas located in torrents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20area" title="risk area">risk area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm%20water%20drains" title=" storm water drains"> storm water drains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65931/urban-areas-management-in-developing-countries-analysis-of-the-urban-areas-crossed-with-risk-of-storm-water-drains-aswan-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52650</span> The Touristic Development of the Archaeological and Heritage Areas in Alexandria City, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20I.%20Dwidar">Salma I. Dwidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20A.%20Abdelsattar"> Amal A. Abdelsattar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alexandria city is one of the greatest cities in the world. It confronted different civilizations throughout the ages due to its special geographical location and climate which left many archaeological areas of great heritage (Ptolemaic, Greek, Romanian, especially sunken monuments, Coptic, Islamic, and finally, the Modern). Also, Alexandria city contains areas with different patterns of urban planning, both Hellenistic and compacted planning which merited the diversity in planning. Despite the magnitude of this city, which contains all the elements of tourism, the city was not included in the tourism map of Egypt properly comparing with similar cities in Egypt. This paper discusses the importance of heritage areas in Alexandria and the relationship between heritage areas and modern buildings. It highlights the absence of a methodology to deal with heritage areas as touristic areas. Also, the paper aims to develop multiple touristic routes to visit archaeological areas and other sights of significance in Alexandria. The research methodology is divided into two main frameworks. The first framework is a historical study of the urban development of Alexandria and the most important remaining monuments throughout the ages, as well as an analytical study of sunken monuments and their importance in increasing the rate of tourism. Moreover, it covers a study of the importance of the Library of Alexandria and its effect on the international focus of the city. The second framework focuses on the proposal of some tourism routes to visit the heritage areas, archaeological monuments, sunken monuments and the sights of Alexandria. The study concludes with the proposal of three tourism routes. The first route, which is the longest one, passes by all the famous monuments of the city as well as its modern sights. The second route passes through the heritage areas, sunken monuments, and Library of Alexandria. The third route includes the sunken monuments and Library of Alexandria. These three tourism routes will ensures the touristic development of the city which leads to the economic growth of the city and the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archeological%20buildings" title="archeological buildings">archeological buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20buildings" title=" heritage buildings"> heritage buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20tourism" title=" heritage tourism"> heritage tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20of%20Islamic%20cities" title=" planning of Islamic cities"> planning of Islamic cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99579/the-touristic-development-of-the-archaeological-and-heritage-areas-in-alexandria-city-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52649</span> An Iberian Study about Location of Parking Areas for Dangerous Goods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Dolores%20Caro">María Dolores Caro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugenio%20M.%20Fedriani"> Eugenio M. Fedriani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81ngel%20F.%20Tenorio"> Ángel F. Tenorio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When lorries transport dangerous goods, there exist some legal stipulations in the European Union for assuring the security of the rest of road users as well as of those goods being transported. At this respect, lorry drivers cannot park in usual parking areas, because they must use parking areas with special conditions, including permanent supervision of security personnel. Moreover, drivers are compelled to satisfy additional regulations about resting and driving times, which involve in the practical possibility of reaching the suitable parking areas under these time parameters. The “European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road” (ADR) is the basic regulation on transportation of dangerous goods imposed under the recommendations of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Indeed, nowadays there are no enough parking areas adapted for dangerous goods and no complete study have suggested the best locations to build new areas or to adapt others already existing to provide the areas being necessary so that lorry drivers can follow all the regulations. The goal of this paper is to show how many additional parking areas should be built in the Iberian Peninsula to allow that lorry drivers may park in such areas under their restrictions in resting and driving time. To do so, we have modeled the problem via graph theory and we have applied a new efficient algorithm which determines an optimal solution for the problem of locating new parking areas to complement those already existing in the ADR for the Iberian Peninsula. The solution can be considered minimal since the number of additional parking areas returned by the algorithm is minimal in quantity. Obviously, graph theory is a natural way to model and solve the problem here proposed because we have considered as nodes: the already-existing parking areas, the loading-and-unloading locations and the bifurcations of roads; while each edge between two nodes represents the existence of a road between both nodes (the distance between nodes is the edge's weight). Except for bifurcations, all the nodes correspond to parking areas already existing and, hence, the problem corresponds to determining the additional nodes in the graph such that there are less up to 100 km between two nodes representing parking areas. (maximal distance allowed by the European regulations). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title="dangerous goods">dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20areas" title=" parking areas"> parking areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iberian%20peninsula" title=" Iberian peninsula"> Iberian peninsula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph-based%20modeling" title=" graph-based modeling"> graph-based modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28006/an-iberian-study-about-location-of-parking-areas-for-dangerous-goods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52648</span> Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Urban Areas of Zimbabwe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davie%20G.%20Dave">Davie G. Dave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prisca%20H.%20Mugabe"> Prisca H. Mugabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tonderai%20Mutibvu"> Tonderai Mutibvu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, HWCs are on the rise. Such is the case with urban areas in Zimbabwe, yet little has been documented about it. This study was done to provide insights into the occurrence of human-wildlife conflicts in urban areas. The study was carried out in Harare, Bindura, Masvingo, Beitbridge, and Chiredzi to determine the cause, nature, extent, and frequency of occurrence of HWC, to determine the key wildlife species involved in conflicts and management practices done to combat wildlife conflicts in these areas. Several sampling techniques encompassing multi-stage sampling, stratified random, purposive, and simple random sampling were employed for placing residential areas into three strata according to population density, selecting residential areas, and selecting actual participants. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The results revealed that property destruction and crop damage were the most prevalent conflicts. Of the 15 animals that were cited, snakes, baboons, and monkeys were associated with the most conflicts. The occurrence of HWCs was mainly attributed to the increase in both animal and human populations. To curtail these HWCs, the local people mainly used non-lethal methods, whilst lethal methods were used by authorities for some of the reported cases. The majority of the conflicts were seasonal and less severe. There were growing concerns by respondents on the issues of wildlife conflicts, especially in those areas that had primates, such as Warren Park in Harare and Limpopo View in Beitbridge. There are HWCs hotspots in urban areas, and to ameliorate this, suggestions are that there is a need for a multi-action approach that includes general awareness campaigns on HWCs and land use planning that involves the creation of green spaces to ease wildlife management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-wildlife%20conflicts" title="human-wildlife conflicts">human-wildlife conflicts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20measures" title=" mitigation measures"> mitigation measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20areas" title=" residential areas"> residential areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20conflicts" title=" types of conflicts"> types of conflicts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182221/human-wildlife-conflicts-in-urban-areas-of-zimbabwe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52647</span> Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Impact of Marine Debris in Coastal Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chibuzo%20Okoye%20Daniels">Chibuzo Okoye Daniels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gillian%20Glegg"> Gillian Glegg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynda%20Rodwell"> Lynda Rodwell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine debris from fishing nets to medical equipment to food packaging that play major roles in boosting the economy and protecting human health is now more than an environmental problem that can be solved by legislation, law enforcement and technical solutions. It has also been identified as a cultural problem that can only be addressed by identifying instruments that can be used to change human attitudes and behaviors. This may be through management approaches, education and involvement of all sectors/interests, including the public. To contribute to the sustainable development of coastal Nigeria, two case study areas (Ikoyi and Victoria Islands of Lagos State) were used to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of marine debris problem in coastal Nigeria. The following methods were used: (1) semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and businesses on beaches, waterfronts and waterways within the study areas and (2) observational study of beaches, waterfronts and waterways within the study areas. The results of the study have shown that marine debris is a cultural and multi-sectoral problem that poses great threat not only to the environmental sustainability of the study areas but also to the wellbeing of its citizens and the economy of coastal Nigeria. Current solid waste and marine debris management practices are inefficient due to inadequate knowledge of how to tackle the problem. To ensure environmental sustainability in coastal Nigeria and avoid waste of scarce financial resources, adequate, appropriate and cost effective solutions to the marine debris problem need to be identified and effectively transferred for implementation in the study areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20Nigeria" title=" coastal Nigeria"> coastal Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=study%20areas" title=" study areas"> study areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture" title=" aquaculture"> aquaculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10084/evaluation-of-the-socio-economic-impact-of-marine-debris-in-coastal-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52646</span> The Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Risk Factors in Rural and Urban Areas of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Kamran%20Hanif%20Khan">Muhammad Kamran Hanif Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Mushtaq"> Fahad Mushtaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: In both developed and underdeveloped countries, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious cause of death and disability. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming more prevalent in emerging countries like Pakistan due to the spread and acceptance of Western lifestyles. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional investigation was conducted, and data collection relied on a random cluster sampling method. The sample size for this cross-sectional study was calculated using the following factors: estimated true proportion of 17.5%, desired precision of 2%, and confidence interval of 95%. The data for this study was collected from a sample of 1387 adults. Results: The average age of those living in rural areas is 55.24 years, compared to 52.60 years for those living in urban areas. The mean fasting blood glucose of the urban participants is 105.28 mg/dL, which is higher than the mean fasting blood glucose of the rural participants, which is 102.06 mg/dL. The mean total cholesterol of the urban participants is 192.20 mg/dL, which is slightly higher than the mean total cholesterol of the rural participants, which is 191.97 mg/dL. CAD prevalence is greater in urban areas than in rural areas. ECG abnormalities prevalence is 16.1% in females compared to 12.5% in men. Conclusion: The prevalence of CAD is more common in urban areas than in rural ones for all of the measures of CAD used in the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVD%20prevalence" title="CVD prevalence">CVD prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVD%20risk%20factors" title=" CVD risk factors"> CVD risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20area" title=" rural area"> rural area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20area" title=" urban area"> urban area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171367/the-prevalence-of-coronary-artery-disease-and-its-risk-factors-in-rural-and-urban-areas-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52645</span> Impacts of Urbanization on Forest and Agriculture Areas in Savannakhet Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chittana%20Phompila">Chittana Phompila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current increased population pushes increasing demands for natural resources and living space. In Laos, urban areas have been expanding rapidly in recent years. The rapid urbanization can have negative impacts on landscapes, including forest and agriculture lands. The primary objective of this research were to map current urban areas in a large city in Savannakhet province, in Laos, 2) to compare changes in urbanization between 1990 and 2018, and 3) to estimate forest and agriculture areas lost due to expansions of urban areas during the last over twenty years within study area. Landsat 8 data was used and existing GIS data was collected including spatial data on rivers, lakes, roads, vegetated areas and other land use/land covers). GIS data was obtained from the government sectors. Object based classification (OBC) approach was applied in ECognition for image processing and analysis of urban area using. Historical data from other Landsat instruments (Landsat 5 and 7) were used to allow us comparing changes in urbanization in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 in this study area. Only three main land cover classes were focused and classified, namely forest, agriculture and urban areas. Change detection approach was applied to illustrate changes in built-up areas in these periods. Our study shows that the overall accuracy of map was 95% assessed, kappa~ 0.8. It is found that that there is an ineffective control over forest and land-use conversions from forests and agriculture to urban areas in many main cities across the province. A large area of agriculture and forest has been decreased due to this conversion. Uncontrolled urban expansion and inappropriate land use planning can lead to creating a pressure in our resource utilisation. As consequence, it can lead to food insecurity and national economic downturn in a long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanisation" title="urbanisation">urbanisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20cover" title=" forest cover"> forest cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture%20areas" title=" agriculture areas"> agriculture areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat%208%20imagery" title=" Landsat 8 imagery"> Landsat 8 imagery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91584/impacts-of-urbanization-on-forest-and-agriculture-areas-in-savannakhet-province-lao-peoples-democratic-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52644</span> Communities’ Attitudes and Perceptions of Protected Areas in South Africa: Insights from the Somkhanda Game Reserve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakhile%20Nsukwini">Sakhile Nsukwini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urmilla%20Bob"> Urmilla Bob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Meaningful community participation is essential to the long-term success of protected areas. Hence, it is important to understand what drives neighbouring communities’ attitudes and perceptions towards protected areas. This study sought to determine local community attitudes towards conservation and protected areas, as well as their perceptions of benefits and participation at Somkhanda Game Reserve. Semi-structured interviews were held with experienced park officials, while a structured household survey and focus group discussions were conducted across two surrounding villages. The results highlighted a number of interesting findings, including support for biodiversity conservation and protected areas balanced by considerable negativity towards the Somkhanda Game Reserve itself. It was also determined that despite stated co-management policies, community residents perceived there was little meaningful participation, and benefits were poorly communicated and unfairly distributed. Practical suggestions were made for cooperatively developing more effective participation with the communities, despite limited available resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities" title="communities">communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20areas" title=" protected areas"> protected areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptions" title=" perceptions"> perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-management" title=" co-management"> co-management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20restitution" title=" land restitution"> land restitution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153869/communities-attitudes-and-perceptions-of-protected-areas-in-south-africa-insights-from-the-somkhanda-game-reserve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52643</span> A Network of Nouns and Their Features :A Neurocomputational Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skiker%20Kaoutar">Skiker Kaoutar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Maouene"> Mounir Maouene </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neuroimaging studies indicate that a large fronto-parieto-temporal network support nouns and their features, with some areas store semantic knowledge (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory,…), other areas store lexical representation and other areas are implicated in general semantic processing. However, it is not well understood how this fronto-parieto-temporal network can be modulated by different semantic tasks and different semantic relations between nouns. In this study, we combine a behavioral semantic network, functional MRI studies involving object’s related nouns and brain network studies to explain how different semantic tasks and different semantic relations between nouns can modulate the activity within the brain network of nouns and their features. We first describe how nouns and their features form a large scale brain network. For this end, we examine the connectivities between areas recruited during the processing of nouns to know which configurations of interaction areas are possible. We can thus identify if, for example, brain areas that store semantic knowledge communicate via functional/structural links with areas that store lexical representations. Second, we examine how this network is modulated by different semantic tasks involving nouns and finally, we examine how category specific activation may result from the semantic relations among nouns. The results indicate that brain network of nouns and their features is highly modulated and flexible by different semantic tasks and semantic relations. At the end, this study can be used as a guide to help neurosientifics to interpret the pattern of fMRI activations detected in the semantic processing of nouns. Specifically; this study can help to interpret the category specific activations observed extensively in a large number of neuroimaging studies and clinical studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nouns" title="nouns">nouns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features" title=" features"> features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=category%20specificity" title=" category specificity"> category specificity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18889/a-network-of-nouns-and-their-features-a-neurocomputational-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52642</span> Flood-prone Urban Area Mapping Using Machine Learning, a Case Sudy of M'sila City (Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medjadj%20Tarek">Medjadj Tarek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghribi%20Hayet"> Ghribi Hayet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to develop a flood sensitivity assessment tool using machine learning (ML) techniques and geographic information system (GIS). The importance of this study is integrating the geographic information systems (GIS) and machine learning (ML) techniques for mapping flood risks, which help decision-makers to identify the most vulnerable areas and take the necessary precautions to face this type of natural disaster. To reach this goal, we will study the case of the city of M'sila, which is among the areas most vulnerable to floods. This study drew a map of flood-prone areas based on the methodology where we have made a comparison between 3 machine learning algorithms: the xGboost model, the Random Forest algorithm and the K Nearest Neighbour algorithm. Each of them gave an accuracy respectively of 97.92 - 95 - 93.75. In the process of mapping flood-prone areas, the first model was relied upon, which gave the greatest accuracy (xGboost). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographic%20information%20systems%20%28GIS%29" title="Geographic information systems (GIS)">Geographic information systems (GIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning%20%28ML%29" title=" machine learning (ML)"> machine learning (ML)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20mapping" title=" emergency mapping"> emergency mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20disaster%20management" title=" flood disaster management"> flood disaster management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163225/flood-prone-urban-area-mapping-using-machine-learning-a-case-sudy-of-msila-city-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52641</span> Climate Change Impacts on Future Wheat Growing Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Aljaryian">Rasha Aljaryian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalit%20Kumar"> Lalit Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate is undergoing continuous change and this trend will affect the cultivation areas ofmost crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in the future. The current suitable cultivation areas may become unsuitable climatically. Countries that depend on wheat cultivation and export may suffer an economic loss because of production decline. On the other hand, some regions of the world could gain economically by increasing cultivation areas. This study models the potential future climatic suitability of wheat by using CLIMEX software. Two different global climate models (GCMs) were used, CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR), with two emission scenarios (A2, A1B). The results of this research indicate that the suitable climatic areas for wheat in the southern hemisphere, such as Australia, are expected to contract by the end of this century. However, some unsuitable or marginal areas will become climatically suitable under future climate scenarios. In North America and Europe further expansion inland could occur. Also, the results illustrate that heat and dry stresses as abiotic climatic factors will play an important role in wheat distribution in the future. Providing sufficient information about future wheat distribution will be useful for agricultural ministries and organizations to manage the shift in production areas in the future. They can minimize the expected harmful economic consequences by preparing strategic plans and identifying new areas for wheat cultivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Climate%20change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Climate%20modelling" title=" Climate modelling"> Climate modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLIMEX" title=" CLIMEX"> CLIMEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triticum%20aestivum" title=" Triticum aestivum"> Triticum aestivum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wheat" title=" Wheat"> Wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56514/climate-change-impacts-on-future-wheat-growing-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52640</span> The Analysis of Urban Part-To-Whole Relationship in Terms of Residential Areas: Example of Konya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gevher%20Sayar">Gevher Sayar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dicle%20Ayd%C4%B1n"> Dicle Aydın</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for shelter which is one of the essential requirement of humanity has emerged for different type of dwelling needs depend on upon different culture and location. Almost all dwellings as an element of the public improvements effect the physical appearance of the city. Dwelling zones create part of whole in terms of urban area use. Whereas in traditional texture merger of parcels create city blocks, in new settlement area city blocks become a part, so the property of each part differs. The perspective of this study is part-to-whole relationship of residential areas and diversified residential areas are illustrated. The purpose of this study is that dwelling applications which have constructed quickly as gated community in the last 20 years in new settlement area of Konya (Turkey) have compared traditional texture in terms of part-to-whole relationship. According to the perception of traditional neighborhood in Konya, the relationship of houses between street pattern and each other are suited for city culture and location. In contrast, new settlement areas cannot become integrated another part of city, they have become restricted areas, so new settlement areas have not integrated, they have separated. The perception of part forms whole has changed, roads provide the relationship of growing parts with one another and walls of gated communities has disjunctive feature. In this study, by using visual analysis photographs and technical drawings are used. Traditional texture and current dwelling have compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dwelling" title="dwelling">dwelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20area" title=" residential area"> residential area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20part" title=" urban part"> urban part</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20whole" title=" urban whole"> urban whole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60478/the-analysis-of-urban-part-to-whole-relationship-in-terms-of-residential-areas-example-of-konya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52639</span> Combining ASTER Thermal Data and Spatial-Based Insolation Model for Identification of Geothermal Active Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Hussein">Khalid Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Abdalati"> Waleed Abdalati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakorn%20Petchprayoon"> Pakorn Petchprayoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaula%20Alkaabi"> Khaula Alkaabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we integrated ASTER thermal data with an area-based spatial insolation model to identify and delineate geothermally active areas in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Two pairs of L1B ASTER day- and nighttime scenes were used to calculate land surface temperature. We employed the Emissivity Normalization Algorithm which separates temperature from emissivity to calculate surface temperature. We calculated the incoming solar radiation for the area covered by each of the four ASTER scenes using an insolation model and used this information to compute temperature due to solar radiation. We then identified the statistical thermal anomalies using land surface temperature and the residuals calculated from modeled temperatures and ASTER-derived surface temperatures. Areas that had temperatures or temperature residuals greater than 2σ and between 1σ and 2σ were considered ASTER-modeled thermal anomalies. The areas identified as thermal anomalies were in strong agreement with the thermal areas obtained from the YNP GIS database. Also the YNP hot springs and geysers were located within areas identified as anomalous thermal areas. The consistency between our results and known geothermally active areas indicate that thermal remote sensing data, integrated with a spatial-based insolation model, provides an effective means for identifying and locating areas of geothermal activities over large areas and rough terrain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20remote%20sensing" title="thermal remote sensing">thermal remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insolation%20model" title=" insolation model"> insolation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20surface%20temperature" title=" land surface temperature"> land surface temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20anomalies" title=" geothermal anomalies"> geothermal anomalies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25535/combining-aster-thermal-data-and-spatial-based-insolation-model-for-identification-of-geothermal-active-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52638</span> Forest Fire Risk Mapping Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and GIS-Based Application: A Case Study in Hua Sai District, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narissara%20Nuthammachot">Narissara Nuthammachot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitris%20Stratoulias"> Dimitris Stratoulias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fire is one of the main causes of environmental and ecosystem change. Therefore, it is a challenging task for fire risk assessment fire potential mapping. The study area is Hua Sai district, Nakorn Sri Thammarat province, which covers in a part of peat swamp forest areas. 55 fire points in peat swamp areas were reported from 2012 to 2016. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods were selected for this study. The risk fire area map was arranged on these factors; elevation, slope, aspect, precipitation, distance from the river, distance from town, and land use. The results showed that the predicted fire risk areas are found to be in appreciable reliability with past fire events. The fire risk map can be used for the planning and management of fire areas in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytic hierarchy process">analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20risk%20assessment" title=" fire risk assessment"> fire risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peat%20swamp%20forest" title=" peat swamp forest"> peat swamp forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113447/forest-fire-risk-mapping-using-analytic-hierarchy-process-and-gis-based-application-a-case-study-in-hua-sai-district-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52637</span> Localization of Frontal and Temporal Speech Areas in Brain Tumor Patients by Their Structural Connections with Probabilistic Tractography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.Shukir">B.Shukir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.Woo"> H.Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.Barzo"> P.Barzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.Kis"> D.Kis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preoperative brain mapping in tumors involving the speech areas has an important role to reduce surgical risks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the gold standard method to localize cortical speech areas preoperatively, but its availability in clinical routine is difficult. Diffusion MRI based probabilistic tractography is available in head MRI. It’s used to segment cortical subregions by their structural connectivity. In our study, we used probabilistic tractography to localize the frontal and temporal cortical speech areas. 15 patients with left frontal tumor were enrolled to our study. Speech fMRI and diffusion MRI acquired preoperatively. The standard automated anatomical labelling atlas 3 (AAL3) cortical atlas used to define 76 left frontal and 118 left temporal potential speech areas. 4 types of tractography were run according to the structural connection of these regions to the left arcuate fascicle (FA) to localize those cortical areas which have speech functions: 1, frontal through FA; 2, frontal with FA; 3, temporal to FA; 4, temporal with FA connections were determined. Thresholds of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% applied. At each level, the number of affected frontal and temporal regions by fMRI and tractography were defined, the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. At the level of 1% threshold showed the best results. Sensitivity was 61,631,4% and 67,1523,12%, specificity was 87,210,4% and 75,611,37% for frontal and temporal regions, respectively. From our study, we conclude that probabilistic tractography is a reliable preoperative technique to localize cortical speech areas. However, its results are not feasible that the neurosurgeon rely on during the operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20mapping" title="brain mapping">brain mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20tumor" title=" brain tumor"> brain tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fMRI" title=" fMRI"> fMRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20tractography" title=" probabilistic tractography"> probabilistic tractography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165964/localization-of-frontal-and-temporal-speech-areas-in-brain-tumor-patients-by-their-structural-connections-with-probabilistic-tractography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52636</span> Building a Lean Construction Body of Knowledge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Singh">Jyoti Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Stifi"> Ahmed Stifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sascha%20Gentes"> Sascha Gentes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of construction significantly contributes to high level of risks, complexity and uncertainties leading to cost and time overrun, customer dissatisfaction etc. lean construction is important as it is a comprehensive system of tools and concepts focusing on moving closer to customer satisfaction by understanding the process, identifying the waste and eliminating it. The proposed work includes identification of knowledge areas from lean perspective, lean tools/concepts used in lean construction and establishing a relationship matrix between knowledge areas and lean tools/concepts, thus developing and building up a lean construction body of knowledge (LCBOK), i.e. a guide to lean construction, aiming to provide guidelines to manage individual projects and also helping construction industry to minimise waste and maximize value to the customer. In this study, we identified 8 knowledge areas and 62 lean tools/concepts from lean perspective and also one tool can help to manage two or more knowledge areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20areas" title="knowledge areas">knowledge areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20body%20matrix" title=" lean body matrix"> lean body matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction" title=" lean construction"> lean construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20tools" title=" lean tools"> lean tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35947/building-a-lean-construction-body-of-knowledge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52635</span> Hydrological, Hydraulics, Analysis and Design of the Aposto –Yirgalem Road Upgrading Project, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azazhu%20Wassie">Azazhu Wassie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study tried to analyze and identify the drainage pattern and catchment characteristics of the river basin and assess the impact of the hydrologic parameters (catchment area, rainfall intensity, runoff coefficient, land use, and soil type) on the referenced study area. Since there is no river gauging station near the road, even for large rivers, rainfall-runoff models are adopted for flood estimation, i.e., for catchment areas less than 50 ha, the rational method is used; for catchment areas, less than 65 km², the SCS unit hydrograph method is used; and for catchment areas greater than 65 km², HEC-HMS is adopted for flood estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arc%20GIS" title="Arc GIS">Arc GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catchment%20area" title=" catchment area"> catchment area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%2Fland%20cover" title=" land use/land cover"> land use/land cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20flood" title=" peak flood"> peak flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20intensity" title=" rainfall intensity"> rainfall intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188232/hydrological-hydraulics-analysis-and-design-of-the-aposto-yirgalem-road-upgrading-project-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52634</span> Empirical Study on the Organizational Role Stress and its Effect on Private and Government Sector Employees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashmi%20Shahu">Rashmi Shahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is a comparative study of the Organizational Role Stress among the private and government sector employees. There was no known similar kind of Organizational Role Stress study in the field area i.e. Nagpur city. Hence, in order to understand the ORS level pertaining to the government and private sector employees in various offices it was taken as the subject for this study. The Method used for this study was the incidental sampling method. The Organizational Role Scale containing 50 statements related to the ten different ORS areas was used for observations. All 60 participants were tested. The results of the study show that there was a significant difference in only one area of ORS i.e. Personal Inadequacy for the participants. The employees from the private sector showed higher Personal Inadequacy than the government employees. Rest of the ORS areas showed no significant difference meaning that the employees were well adjusted in the respective areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organozational%20role%20stress" title="organozational role stress">organozational role stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20sector" title=" private sector"> private sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20sector" title=" government sector"> government sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20inadequacy" title=" personal inadequacy"> personal inadequacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19614/empirical-study-on-the-organizational-role-stress-and-its-effect-on-private-and-government-sector-employees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52633</span> Tourism as Economic Resource for Protecting the Landscape: Introducing Touristic Initiatives in Coastal Protected Areas of Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrico%20Porfido">Enrico Porfido</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper aims to investigate the relation between landscape and tourism, with a special focus on coastal protected areas of Albania. The relationship between tourism and landscape is bijective: There is no tourism without landscape attractive features and on the other side landscape needs economic resources to be conserved and protected. The survival of each component is strictly related to the other one. Today, the Albanian protected areas appear as isolated islands, too far away from each other to build an efficient network and to avoid waste in terms of energy, economy and working force. This study wants to stress out the importance of cooperation in terms of common strategies and the necessity of introducing a touristic sustainable model in Albania. Comparing the protection system laws of the neighbor countries of the Adriatic-Ionian region and through a desk review on the best practices of protected areas that benefit from touristic activities, the study proposes the creation of the Albanian Riviera Landscape Park. This action will impact positively the whole southern Albania territory, introducing a sustainable tourism network that aims to valorize the local heritage and to stop the coastal exploitation processes. The main output is the definition of future development scenarios in Albania with the establishment of new protected areas and the introduction of touristic initiatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriatic-Ionian%20region" title="Adriatic-Ionian region">Adriatic-Ionian region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20areas" title=" protected areas"> protected areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20for%20landscape" title=" tourism for landscape"> tourism for landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61606/tourism-as-economic-resource-for-protecting-the-landscape-introducing-touristic-initiatives-in-coastal-protected-areas-of-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52632</span> Investigating Ways in Which Incorporating Green Areas in Designing Classrooms and Play Areas Fosters Children Cognitive Development, Learning, and Creativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedomid%20Fatemi">Seyedomid Fatemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The indoor and outdoor climate of an architectural or closed space determines opportunities that children have for different types of learning. Bringing green areas into the classroom might give freedom to teachers to incorporate learning activities that activate different senses such as sight or touch. Green spaces and design in the classroom can help children practice different concepts they learn in subjects such as science. The practical aspect of having green areas or designs in the classroom can also facilitate high-level and long-lasting learning. Green spaces, particularly in the play areas or around schools, improve creativity and give experimental opportunities for children and enjoyment the beautiful and green nature, which impacts cognitive development in the in long-term. Furthermore, previous studies indicated that green settings generally may help attention concentration and self-discipline. Bringing green areas into classrooms or outdoors for children can look different depending on resources. It could look like green spaces, indoor or outdoor, or have representation or samples of green space. From the design perspective, bringing green areas into school might mean incorporating these spaces when designing different areas in school or attending to colors and shapes to reflect green spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20areas" title="green areas">green areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20development" title=" cognitive development"> cognitive development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20cognitive" title=" children cognitive"> children cognitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class%20design" title=" class design"> class design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195957/investigating-ways-in-which-incorporating-green-areas-in-designing-classrooms-and-play-areas-fosters-children-cognitive-development-learning-and-creativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52631</span> Identification of Landslide Features Using Back-Propagation Neural Network on LiDAR Digital Elevation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Hao%20Chang">Chia-Hao Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geng-Gui%20Wang"> Geng-Gui Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jee-Cheng%20Wu"> Jee-Cheng Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prediction of a landslide is a difficult task because it requires a detailed study of past activities using a complete range of investigative methods to determine the changing condition. In this research, first step, LiDAR 1-meter by 1-meter resolution of digital elevation model (DEM) was used to generate six environmental factors of landslide. Then, back-propagation neural networks (BPNN) was adopted to identify scarp, landslide areas and non-landslide areas. The BPNN uses 6 environmental factors in input layer and 1 output layer. Moreover, 6 landslide areas are used as training areas and 4 landslide areas as test areas in the BPNN. The hidden layer is set to be 1 and 2; the hidden layer neurons are set to be 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8; the learning rates are set to be 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5. When using 1 hidden layer with 7 neurons and the learning rate sets to be 0.5, the result of Network training root mean square error is 0.001388. Finally, evaluation of BPNN classification accuracy by the confusion matrix shows that the overall accuracy can reach 94.4%, and the Kappa value is 0.7464. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20elevation%20model" title="digital elevation model">digital elevation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20factors" title=" environmental factors"> environmental factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back-propagation%20neural%20network" title=" back-propagation neural network"> back-propagation neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BPNN" title=" BPNN"> BPNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiDAR" title=" LiDAR "> LiDAR </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93322/identification-of-landslide-features-using-back-propagation-neural-network-on-lidar-digital-elevation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=study%20areas&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=study%20areas&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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