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(PDF) Chin Miphun Zatlangnun ah Eihmuarnak
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Augustine</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2017, Thlizil Magezine</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 40816196; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=40816196"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><div class="primary-buttons cite-share-variant"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":61098645,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/40816196/Chin_Miphun_Zatlangnun_ah_Eihmuarnak"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span>See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":61098645,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/40816196/Chin_Miphun_Zatlangnun_ah_Eihmuarnak"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://www.academia.edu/40816196/Chin_Miphun_Zatlangnun_ah_Eihmuarnak","location":"/40816196/Chin_Miphun_Zatlangnun_ah_Eihmuarnak","scheme":"https","host":"www.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/40816196/Chin_Miphun_Zatlangnun_ah_Eihmuarnak","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="CitationButton" data-props="{"entity_id":40816196,"citations":[{"name":"MLA","citation":"Augustine, J. “Chin Miphun Zatlangnun Ah Eihmuarnak.” Thlizil Magezine, 2017."},{"name":"APA","citation":"Augustine, J. 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Cucu nih minung kan nunning le sining zong tampi a danter cang. A tiluanning hi ai ngol ahcun, hmaileiah zeitin kan si te lai timi hi chim chung khawh le hngalh chung khawh a har taktak. Hihi tiluan a tthawntertu, ngantertu le rantertu hna tampi chungah, hrelh awk ttha loin ai talmi hna cu; technology, internet le transport hna hi an si. Hihi hna ruangah, theihternak le hngalhnak zong rang taktak in minung nih kan ngeih khawh cang. Cun hihi hna hmang in, information, news le knowledge tbk hna zong minung fawi ngai le cikhat ah, kan ngeih in hman khawh cang. Internet, technology le transport hna rianttuannak le hmannak ruangah, vawlei zong a hme chinchinmi khi a lo cang. Khualtlawnnak, i-lenkainak, rianttuannak, chawlehthalnak le i-hmuhtonnak caah transport a ttha tuk cang. 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Akhlak Tasawuf</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ahklak Taswuf","attachmentId":37132450,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11684155/Ahklak_Taswuf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11684155/Ahklak_Taswuf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="11643397" data-sort-order="default"><a 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Li'an","attachmentId":37105143,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11643397/Zhihar_Ila_Lian","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11643397/Zhihar_Ila_Lian"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="4323754" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4323754/akalah_Khitan">akalah Khitan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4116751" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DinaNurhadi">Dina Nurhadi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">meneliti lebih dari 15% pria yang sudah dikhitan dan 22% pria pria yang belum dikhitan terinfeksi virus HIV atau virus papiloma manusia ( human papiloma virus/ HPV ) yang menyebabkan kanker serviks. Mereka melaporkan, khitan dapat menghindarkan laki-laki dari ancaman virus HIV yang menular lewat hubungan seksual.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"akalah Khitan","attachmentId":31778234,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4323754/akalah_Khitan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4323754/akalah_Khitan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="104638723" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104638723/Pi_Suu_Kyi_le_Min_Aung_Hlaing_Bia_Zohfiannak_Kachin_Miphun_le_Kawlram">Pi Suu Kyi le Min Aung Hlaing Bia Zohfiannak: Kachin Miphun le Kawlram</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13075948" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/vancinzah">Vanlianthang Cinzah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Khuaruah a tamter deuh ngaingai tawnmi cu zeiruangah Kawlram hruaitu hna nih a bikin Kachin ramkulh ah miphun tampi umnak hmunram asi nak hi atu le atu zapi theih dingin an chimphuan nolh lengmang hnga, timi hi asi. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (DASSK) hmurka zongin a lang i ralbawlzik SG Min Aung Hlaing hmurka zongin a chuak lengmang. Hihi ramkhel leiin a ruang a um caah asi i mah cabia te hin tlawmpal zohfiannak kan tuah lai. SG Min Aung Hlaing Bia: Kachin ramkulh cu miphun tampi cawhin umnak a simi kha NCA minthut camthuak conglomhnak ah voikhat a rak chim. Cu hnuah Kawlram Acozah bawi upa hna le tlangcung hriamtlaibu hruaitu bikbik hna itonnak ah hi kongkau hi voikhat a chim nolh ṭhan. Hi ti hin a chim:</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pi Suu Kyi le Min Aung Hlaing Bia Zohfiannak: Kachin Miphun le Kawlram","attachmentId":104313928,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104638723/Pi_Suu_Kyi_le_Min_Aung_Hlaing_Bia_Zohfiannak_Kachin_Miphun_le_Kawlram","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104638723/Pi_Suu_Kyi_le_Min_Aung_Hlaing_Bia_Zohfiannak_Kachin_Miphun_le_Kawlram"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="35454039" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35454039/Iim_Imadudin">Iim Imadudin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72862299" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GamingRoyal">Royal Gaming</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstrak Penulisan artikel ini didasari perdebatan bagaimana sesungguhnya peranan para pangreh praja didikan Barat dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Oleh karena berada dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda, mereka dianggap tidak berkontribusi dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Bahkan, mereka dianggap merintangi gerak langkah kaum pergerakan sehingga sering dianggap sebagai lawan politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap sejarah pemikiran dan mentalitas dari salah seorang bupati terkemuka pribumi asal Banten, Ahmad Djajadiningrat, melalui memoarnya yang berjudul Memoar Pangeran Aria Djajadiningrat. Pangeran Aria Ahmad Djajadiningrat mengikuti pendidikan mulai dari HIS, ELS, hingga HBS di Batavia. Berbagai jabatan di pemerintahan diembannya, mulai dari bupati, anggota Volksraad, mindere welvaart comissie, hingga anggota Raad van Indie. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Ahmad Djajadiningrat di satu sisi menjadi pemimpin tradisional yang kharismatis dan aparat pemerintah yang loyal, namun di sisi lain bersikap kritis terhadap kebijakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda dan mendorong berkembangnya pergerakan nasional di tanah Banten. Kata kunci: pendidikan kolonial, politik asosiasi, Achmad Djajadiningrat. Abstract The writing of this article is based on the actual debate on what the role of Western-based education of pangreh pradja is in the struggle for independence. Because it is in the Dutch East Indies, they are considered not to be contributing to the struggle for independence. In fact, they were considered to hinder the movement of the steps that are often regarded as political opponents. This study aims to reveal the history of thought and mentality of anative and famousleader from Banten, Ahmad Djajadiningrat, through his memoirs entitled Memoirs of Prince Aria Djajadiningrat. The Prince Aria Ahmad Djajadiningrat started his education in HIS, ELS, to HBS in Batavia. The various positions in government was held, ranging from the regents, members of the Volksraad, mindere Welvaart comissie, until become a member of the Raad van Indie. This study uses historical method which consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results shows that Ahmad Djajadiningrat isa traditional charismatic leader and a loyal government official. On the other hand, he is critical to the Dutch East Indies government policies and encouraging the development of a national movement in Banten.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Iim Imadudin","attachmentId":55315884,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35454039/Iim_Imadudin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35454039/Iim_Imadudin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="49138570" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49138570/Husnul_Hotimah_">Husnul Hotimah-</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="113034918" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HusnulHotimah155">Husnul Hotimah</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Husnul Hotimah-","attachmentId":67529054,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49138570/Husnul_Hotimah_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49138570/Husnul_Hotimah_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61098645,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61098645,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_61098645" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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