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class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">北冰洋</h1> <div class="tagline"> 地球上最小最淺的海洋 </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="语言" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> 语言 </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" 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title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168"></a>此條目介紹的是位于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北极圈">北极圈</a>内的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大洋">大洋</a>。关于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>一个以北冰洋命名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%A5%AE%E6%96%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸饮料">碳酸饮料</a>品牌，请见「<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B%E6%B1%BD%E6%B0%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北冰洋汽水">北冰洋汽水</a>」。 </div> <div id="noteTA-34345e33" class="noteTA"> <div class="noteTA-group"> <div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div> <div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div> </div> <div class="noteTA-local"> <div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:勒那;zh-cn:勒拿"></div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> 北冰洋（英語：Arctic Ocean）又稱北極海（Arctic Sea）、北大洋或北極洋，位於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北極圈">北極圈</a>內，大致以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E9%BB%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北極點">北極點</a>為中心。北冰洋是世界五<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大洋">大洋</a>中最小最淺的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pidwirny-1">[1]</a>。面積1405.6萬平方公里，約占世界大洋面積的3.6%。平均深度1200-1300米，為世界大洋平均深度的三分之一。最深處為南森海盆，深度為5450米。 <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">北冰洋</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Arctic_Ocean.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="北冰洋地图"><img alt="北冰洋地图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Arctic_Ocean.png/250px-Arctic_Ocean.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Arctic_Ocean.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">坐标</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D90_N_0_E_region:ZZ_type:waterbody">90°N 0°E / 90°N 0°E / 90; 0</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid;"></th> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">表面积</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">14,060,000平方公里（5,430,000平方英里）</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">平均深度</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">1,038米（3,406英尺）</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">最大深度</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">5,550米（18,210英尺）</td> </tr> <tr class="note"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">水体体积</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">18,070,000立方公里（4,340,000立方英里）</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid;"></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:岛屿">岛屿</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="北冰洋岛屿列表（页面不存在）">岛屿列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Arctic_Ocean" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands in the Arctic Ocean">List of islands in the Arctic Ocean</a>）</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid;">位置</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="1" data-lat="90" data-lon="0" data-overlays="["_a738bddcf962ed1bf02e1d5dfaa549c3c52645a2"]" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國際海道測量組織">國際海道測量組織</a>將北冰洋視為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洋">洋</a>，不過一些<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋學">海洋學家</a>稱之為「北極陸間海」或是「北極海」，分類為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E9%96%93%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="陸間海">陸間海</a>或是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3%E7%81%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="河口灣">河口灣</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a>。 北冰洋有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴倫支海">巴倫支海</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BC%97%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波弗特海">波弗特海</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%87%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="楚克奇海">楚克奇海</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="東西伯利亞海">東西伯利亞海</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="格陵兰海">格陵蘭海</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%97%E9%81%9C%E7%81%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="哈得遜灣">哈得遜灣</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%97%E9%80%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="哈得逊海峡">哈得遜海峽</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="喀拉海">喀拉海</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8D%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拉普捷夫海">拉普捷夫海</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="白海">白海</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%8A%AC%E7%81%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴芬灣">巴芬灣</a>等<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="边缘海">边缘海</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%99%86%E9%97%B4%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="陆间海">陆间海</a>。 洋面上有長年不化的冰層，占北冰洋面積的三分之二，厚度多在2－4米左右。中央的海冰已持續存在300萬年，是永久性的海冰。水溫大部分時間在0℃以下。當海水向南流進大西洋時，瓦解的冰山就隨之流入大西洋，給航運帶來威脅。1912年4月15日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%99%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵達尼號">鐵達尼號</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%BC%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="客輪">客輪</a>就是撞到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%82%E6%B5%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="漂流">漂流</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="冰山">冰山</a>而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%81%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%99%9F%E6%B2%89%E6%B2%92%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鐵達尼號沉沒事故">沉沒</a>的。 北冰洋<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="島嶼">島嶼</a>很多，数目僅次於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>，面積達400萬平方公里。主要島嶼有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="格陵蘭島">格陵蘭島</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦尔巴群岛">斯瓦尔巴群岛</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北极群岛">北极群岛</a>等。 <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2">1 历史</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86">2 自然地理</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99">2.1 气候</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3">3 主要港口</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B">3.1 美國</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7">3.2 加拿大</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD">3.3 格陵蘭</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81">3.4 挪威</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF">3.5 俄羅斯</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9">4 生物</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%B4%9B%E7%88%AD">5 天然資源紛爭</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%A1%8C">6 環境議題</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE">7 参考文献</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%A7%81">8 参见</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="历史">历史</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：历史" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> 在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲历史">欧洲历史</a>上相当长的一个时期，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北极">北极</a>地区大部分都是未探明的，那里的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a>情况也都是依据推测。公元前325年，来自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马赛">马赛</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮西亞斯">皮西亞斯</a>曾经记录过向北前往他所称的“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8B%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="图勒">图勒</a>”的地方的一次旅行，在那里太阳每天仅仅落下3个小时，水被一种冻结的物质所取代，“在其中，人既不能行走也不能航行”。他说描述的零散的海冰，可能是现今所知的“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%B0%BA%E5%AF%B8" title="冰山">极小冰山</a>”或“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%B0%BA%E5%AF%B8" title="冰山">较小冰山</a>”。他的“图勒”可能是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="挪威">挪威</a>，也有可能是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a>或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="设德兰群岛">设德兰群岛</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Arctic,_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg/220px-Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10928" data-file-height="9392"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 189px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg/220px-Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="189" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg/330px-Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg/440px-Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%BA%BD%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="伊曼纽尔·鲍恩（页面不存在）">伊曼纽尔·鲍恩</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Bowen" class="extiw" title="en:Emanuel Bowen">Emanuel Bowen</a>）的1780年的北极地图，其中将北冰洋标为“北海”。 </figcaption> </figure> 早期的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地图学">地图学家</a>不是很确定是否应该将北极区域画为陆地（比如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E4%BC%8A%E5%B8%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="约翰内斯·鲁伊希">约翰内斯·鲁伊希</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ruysch_map.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Ruysch map.jpg">1507年地图</a>，或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%9C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="杰拉杜斯·麦卡托">杰拉杜斯·麦卡托</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Mercator_Septentrionalium_Terrarum_descriptio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Mercator Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio.jpg">1595年地图</a>）还是水域（比如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E6%B3%BD%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马丁·瓦尔德泽米勒">马丁·瓦尔德泽米勒</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:UniversalisCosmographia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:UniversalisCosmographia.jpg">1507年世界地图</a>）。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲">欧洲商人</a>热切的渴望有一条到达“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%B0%E5%8F%B7)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="契丹 (中国称号)">契丹</a>”（即<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>）的北方通道，使得地图在北极区域多画为水域。到了1723年，制图家们（比如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="约翰·霍曼（页面不存在）">约翰·霍曼</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Homann" class="extiw" title="en:Johann Homann">Johann Homann</a>））将地图的北面边缘标为广闊的海洋。 在这一时期，极少数深入<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北极圈">北极圈</a>的探险仅仅发现了几个小岛，比如新地岛（11世纪）和斯匹次卑尔根岛（1596年）。即使这些岛被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%86%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="浮冰">浮冰</a>所包围，但他们的北面边界仍不是很清楚。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="航海图">航海图</a>制作者通常比那些充满幻想的地图学家更保守些，他们倾向于将这个区域留作空白，仅仅勾勒出断断续续的已知海岸线。直到1933年，最後一片被探索的北極島嶼——<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北地群岛">北地群島</a>被納入<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>版圖。 缺乏对漂浮冰垒的北面的了解使得猜测很多。在英国以及其他一些欧洲国家，有关“开放的极地海洋”的传说一直流传。长时间担任过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E9%83%A8_(1709%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31964%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英国海军部 (1709年至1964年)">英国海军部</a>二秘的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="约翰·巴洛（页面不存在）">约翰·巴洛</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Barrow,_1st_Baronet" class="extiw" title="en:Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet">Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet</a>）在1818至1845年间一直在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E6%8E%A2%E9%99%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="北极探险（页面不存在）">促进探险活动</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_exploration" class="extiw" title="en:Arctic exploration">Arctic exploration</a>）以搜寻这一海洋。 2006年9月20日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="歐洲環境衛星">歐洲環境衛星</a>發回的圖片顯示，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>北部至北冰洋一帶的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%86%BB%E5%86%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="永冻冰">永凍冰</a>正在以前所未有的速度鬆動融化。 2012年8月27日，美國國家冰雪數據中心顯示在8月26日的衛星觀測，北冰洋的海冰面積已經縮減至只有410萬平方公里，北冰洋夏季的海冰量已減少超過百分之四十。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="美國太空總署">美國太空總署</a>科學家科米索（Joey Comiso）表示，2012年北極的夏天氣溫未見出現不尋常高溫，北冰洋夏季的溶冰量更令人驚訝。冰雪數據研究中心指出，此現象是長期氣候暖化的強烈信號，不少科學家均預測2020年至2030年可能會出現夏季北冰洋徹底無冰的情况。 </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="自然地理">自然地理</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：自然地理" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:IBCAO_betamap.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/IBCAO_betamap.jpg/300px-IBCAO_betamap.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="868"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 342px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/IBCAO_betamap.jpg/300px-IBCAO_betamap.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="342" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/IBCAO_betamap.jpg/450px-IBCAO_betamap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/IBCAO_betamap.jpg/600px-IBCAO_betamap.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> 北冰洋海底地形 </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg/300px-Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="364" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="613"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 364px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg/300px-Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="364" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg/450px-Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg/600px-Beiji_ditu1_zh.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> 北冰洋周边国家 </figcaption> </figure> 北冰洋形状似椭圆形，沿着短轴方向，有一系列长条形的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海底山">海岭</a>；主要有三条： <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%92%99%E8%AF%BA%E7%B4%A2%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗蒙诺索夫海岭">罗蒙诺索夫海岭</a>：大约从<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新西伯利亞群島">新西伯利亚群岛</a>穿过北极，至格陵兰岛北岸，岭脊距海面1000～2000米。</li> <li>阿尔法海岭（门捷列夫海岭）：从亚洲一侧的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗兰格尔岛">弗兰格尔岛</a>至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="格陵兰岛">格陵兰岛</a>一侧的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃尔斯米尔岛">埃尔斯米尔岛</a>附近，与罗蒙诺索夫海岭汇合。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%AD%E8%84%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北冰洋中脊">北冰洋中脊</a>：位于罗蒙诺索夫海岭另一侧，从<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%8B%BF%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒拿河">勒拿河</a>口到格陵兰岛北侧，与穿过冰岛的北大西洋海岭连接；长约2000公里，宽约200公里。</li> </ul> 靠亚欧大陆一侧的为欧亚海盆，深约4千米，最深处在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦尔巴群岛">斯瓦尔巴群岛</a>以北（北冰洋最深处）；靠北美洲一侧为加拿大海盆。很多海底峡谷分割着北冰洋大陆边缘，最大的斯瓦太亚·安娜峡谷，位于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="喀拉海">喀拉海</a>北部，长度超过500公里。 北冰洋海底<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%9E%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大陆架">大陆架</a>很广阔，面积约440万平方公里，占北冰洋面积的1/3，深海区在大洋中所占的比例很小。在亚欧大陆以北，大陆架从海岸一直延伸约1000公里，最宽处可达1200多公里；在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉斯加">阿拉斯加</a>以北，大陆架比较窄，只有20多公里。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="气候">气候</h3> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：气候" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> 北冰洋处高纬区，得到的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太陽輻射">太阳辐射</a>少，加上夏季冰雪融化消耗大量热量，所以气温比地球上其他区域低。冬季极夜期长179天，冷月份（1～3月）平均气温约为-40℃，近海区为-30℃，最低温度为-53℃。夏季极昼期长180天，暖月份（7～8月）平均气温在极地附近为0℃，沿岸地区为7℃。 云雾天多是北冰洋夏季典型的天气；疾风很少，月平均风速为4.5米/秒。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%A3%8E%E9%9B%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="暴风雪">暴风雪</a>容易发生在边缘地区，尤其在冷暖气团交汇处。 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="反气旋">反气旋</a>控制着北极上空，冬天在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a>上空发展为强大的反气旋中心，在西伯利亚和极地反气旋之间，形成了由西向东延伸的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%A3%93%E6%A7%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="低壓槽">低压槽</a>，把从大西洋的暖湿空气带到北冰洋；同时大西洋暖流的延伸，北极的寒冷气候有所缓和；所以北半球的冷源不在极地，而在亚洲的维尔霍扬斯克。 </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="主要港口">主要港口</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：主要港口" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> 在北冰洋沿岸有許多的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="港口">港口</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E7%81%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="港灣">港灣</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-5">[5]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="美國">美國</h3> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：美國" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> 美國的阿拉斯加鄰近北冰洋，主要港口有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%85_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴羅 (阿拉斯加州)">巴羅</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D71_17_44_N_156_45_59_W_type:city_region:US%26title%3DBarrow">71°17′44″N 156°45′59″W / 71.29556°N 156.76639°W / 71.29556; -156.76639 (Barrow)</a>）及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%B9%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="普拉德霍湾（页面不存在）">普拉德霍湾</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay,_Alaska" class="extiw" title="en:Prudhoe Bay, Alaska">Prudhoe Bay, Alaska</a>）（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D70_19_32_N_148_42_41_W_type:city_region:US%26title%3DPrudhoe">70°19′32″N 148°42′41″W / 70.32556°N 148.71139°W / 70.32556; -148.71139 (Prudhoe)</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="加拿大">加拿大</h3> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：加拿大" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> 在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>船隻會停靠在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E5%B7%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="曼尼托巴">曼尼托巴</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%82_(%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E5%B7%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="邱吉爾市 (曼尼托巴)（页面不存在）">邱吉爾市</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba" class="extiw" title="en:Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill, Manitoba</a>）（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%B1%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E6%B8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="邱吉爾港（页面不存在）">邱吉爾港</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Churchill" class="extiw" title="en:Port of Churchill">Port of Churchill</a>）， <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D58_46_28_N_094_11_37_W_type:city_region:CA-MB%26title%3DPort%2Bof%2BChurchill">58°46′28″N 094°11′37″W / 58.77444°N 94.19361°W / 58.77444; -94.19361 (Port of Churchill)</a>），<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%B4%8D%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="努納福特">努納福特</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%B4%8D%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="努納福特">努納福特</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D73_04_08_N_084_32_57_W_type:city_region:CA-MB%26title%3DNanisivik%2BNaval%2BFacility">73°04′08″N 084°32′57″W / 73.06889°N 84.54917°W / 73.06889; -84.54917 (Nanisivik Naval Facility)</a>）<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西北地区 (加拿大)">西北地区</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BE%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="图克托亚图克">圖克托亞圖克</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D69_26_34_N_133_01_52_W_%26title%3DTuktoyaktuk">69°26′34″N 133°01′52″W / 69.44278°N 133.03111°W / 69.44278; -133.03111 (Tuktoyaktuk)</a>）或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%BA%BD%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="因纽维克">因紐維克</a> （ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D68_21_42_N_133_43_50_W_type:city_region:CA-NT%26title%3DInuvik">68°21′42″N 133°43′50″W / 68.36167°N 133.73056°W / 68.36167; -133.73056 (Inuvik)</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="格陵蘭">格陵蘭</h3> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：格陵蘭" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> 格陵蘭的主要港口是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="努克">努克</a>（努克港， <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D64_10_15_N_051_43_15_W_type:city_region:GL%26title%3DNuuk%2BPort%2Band%2BHarbour">64°10′15″N 051°43′15″W / 64.17083°N 51.72083°W / 64.17083; -51.72083 (Nuuk Port and Harbour)</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="挪威">挪威</h3> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：挪威" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> 挪威本土中的港口有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="希尔克内斯">希尔克内斯</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D69_43_37_N_030_02_44_E_region:NO_type:city%26title%3DKirkenes">69°43′37″N 030°02′44″E / 69.72694°N 30.04556°E / 69.72694; 30.04556 (Kirkenes)</a>）及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7_(%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瓦爾德 (挪威)">瓦爾德</a> （ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D70_22_14_N_031_06_27_E_region:NO_type:city%26title%3DVard%25C3%25B8">70°22′14″N 031°06′27″E / 70.37056°N 31.10750°E / 70.37056; 31.10750 (Vardø)</a>）。在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗拉姆海峽">弗拉姆海峽</a>對面的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦巴群島">斯瓦巴群島</a>也有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="朗伊爾城">朗伊爾城</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D78_13_12_N_15_39_00_E_region:NO_type:city%26title%3DLongyearbyen">78°13′12″N 15°39′00″E / 78.22000°N 15.65000°E / 78.22000; 15.65000 (Longyearbyen)</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</h3> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：俄羅斯" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> 俄羅斯在北冰洋的不同海域中也有許多的港口： <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴倫支海">巴倫支海</a>上的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="摩爾曼斯克">摩爾曼斯克</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D68_58_N_033_05_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DMurmansk">68°58′N 033°05′E / 68.967°N 33.083°E / 68.967; 33.083 (Murmansk)</a>）。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="白海">白海</a>上的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔汉格尔斯克">阿尔汉格尔斯克</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D64_32_N_040_32_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DArkhangelsk">64°32′N 040°32′E / 64.533°N 40.533°E / 64.533; 40.533 (Arkhangelsk)</a>）。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="喀拉海">喀拉海</a>上的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B2%9D%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%97%E5%90%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拉貝特南吉">拉貝特南吉</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D66_39_26_N_066_25_06_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DLabytnangi">66°39′26″N 066°25′06″E / 66.65722°N 66.41833°E / 66.65722; 66.41833 (Labytnangi)</a>）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%88%97%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="萨列哈尔德">萨列哈尔德</a> （ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D66_32_N_066_36_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DSalekhard">66°32′N 066°36′E / 66.533°N 66.600°E / 66.533; 66.600 (Salekhard)</a>）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E9%87%91%E5%8D%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="杜金卡">杜金卡</a> （ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D69_24_N_086_11_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DDudinka">69°24′N 086°11′E / 69.400°N 86.183°E / 69.400; 86.183 (Dudinka)</a>）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伊加爾卡">伊加爾卡</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D67_28_N_86_35_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DIgarka">67°28′N 86°35′E / 67.467°N 86.583°E / 67.467; 86.583 (Igarka)</a>）及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%82_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="迪克森市 (俄羅斯城市)（页面不存在）">迪克森市</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikson_(urban-type_settlement)" class="extiw" title="en:Dikson (urban-type settlement)">Dikson (urban-type settlement)</a>）（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D73_30_N_080_31_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DDikson">73°30′N 080°31′E / 73.500°N 80.517°E / 73.500; 80.517 (Dikson)</a>）。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8D%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拉普捷夫海">拉普捷夫海</a>上的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="季克西">季克西</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D71_38_N_128_52_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DTiksi,%2Bcity%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPolar%2BHeros">71°38′N 128°52′E / 71.633°N 128.867°E / 71.633; 128.867 (Tiksi, city of the Polar Heros)</a>）。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="东西伯利亚海">东西伯利亚海</a>上的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E9%9F%A6%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="佩韦克">佩韋克</a>（ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B%26params%3D69_42_N_170_17_E_type:city_region:RU%26title%3DPevek">69°42′N 170°17′E / 69.700°N 170.283°E / 69.700; 170.283 (Pevek)</a>）。</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="生物">生物</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：生物" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/220px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1575"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/220px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/330px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/440px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> 在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北極">北極</a>的三隻<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%86%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北極熊">北極熊</a>靠近美國海軍檀香山號潛水艇 </figcaption> </figure> 北冰洋的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瀕危物種">瀕危物種</a>有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%86%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北極熊">北極熊</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AF%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鯨">鯨</a>，此地方的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="生態系">生態系</a>很脆弱，變化很慢，因此要從破壞中復原也很緩慢<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-5">[5]</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E9%AC%83%E6%B0%B4%E6%AF%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="獅鬃水母">獅鬃水母</a>在北冰洋水的數量很多，條紋錦鳚是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%94%A6%E9%B3%9A%E7%A7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="锦鳚科">锦鳚科</a>中唯一生存在海中的物種。 北冰洋除了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E6%B8%B8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浮游植物">浮游植物</a>以外，其他的植物很少<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a>。浮游植物是海洋中重要的一部份，在北冰洋的數量相當多，也提供了河流及太平洋和大西洋上<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E6%B5%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洋流">洋流</a>中的養份<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NOAA-8">[8]</a>。在夏天時，白天會持續約半年，因此浮游植物可以長期進行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>，可以快速的繁殖，不過在冬天也會有半年沒有陽光，因此浮游植物很難獲取到足夠的陽光<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NOAA-8">[8]</a>。 </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="天然資源紛爭">天然資源紛爭</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：天然資源紛爭" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> 礦藏、天然氣、魚及夏季航道也會出現在北極海。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="俄國">俄國</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="挪威">挪威</a>均在北極海的不少部份聲稱擁有領土，各國屢就北極控制權發生爭議。但沒有國家可證明其大陸架伸延到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北極">北極</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="國際法">國際法</a>規定<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北極">北極</a>不屬於任何國家。 2007年8月2日<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>北冰洋勘探小組周四乘小型潛艇，將裝有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="俄羅斯國旗">俄羅斯國旗</a>的容器，放到北冰洋底宣示主權。 2007年8月11日<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>宣稱將會在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北極">北極</a>興建兩座軍事設施，以宣示加國在北極的主權。次日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>派遣一支由科學家組成的探險隊前往北極冰層，展開歷時1個月的考察任務，以尋找有關丹麥擁有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北極">北極</a>地區主權的證據。 </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="環境議題">環境議題</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：環境議題" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> 北冰洋的冰正在漸漸減少，多年來在北極上空的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="臭氧層">臭氧層</a>也有季節性的破洞<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a>。北冰洋冰的減少會使地球的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="反照率">反照率</a>下降，可能在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="全球暖化">全球暖化</a>上有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%9B%9E%E6%8E%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="正回授">正回授</a>的效應<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-R.Black-10">[10]</a>。研究發現北冰洋在2040年時會完全沒有浮冰，是人類歷史中頭一次出現這樣的情形<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a>。 北冰洋溫度的提高會造成大量的融冰水進入北冰洋，也許會破壞全球的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E9%B9%BD%E7%92%B0%E6%B5%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="溫鹽環流">溫鹽環流</a>，可能會造成全球<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="氣候">氣候</a>的嚴重影響<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-R.Black-10">[10]</a>。 若北冰洋浮冰減少及海平面上昇到一定程度，在水域上的氣旋（例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%B7%E7%83%88%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2012年北極海強烈風暴">2012年北極海強烈風暴</a>）效應會變大，海水也可能會破壞河岸上的植物（例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B4%E4%BA%9B%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬更些河">馬更些河</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三角洲">三角洲</a>），<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E6%BD%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="风暴潮">风暴潮</a>也會更強烈<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CC03513-12">[12]</a>。 其他的環境議題和北冰洋的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="放射性污染">放射性污染</a>有關，例如俄羅斯卡拉海的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%9F%E6%96%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="放射性废料">放射性廢料</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>時在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新地岛">新地岛</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="核试验">核试验</a>等<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a>。此外，2012年夏天時<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B3%E7%89%8C%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="壳牌石油">殼牌石油</a>計劃在楚科奇海和博福特探戡原油，環境組織為了保護附近居民及野生動物，以及北冰洋的溢油事件提出訴訟<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a>。 </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参考文献" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pidwirny-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pidwirny_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Michael Pidwirny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209125035/http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html">Introduction to the Oceans</a>. www.physicalgeography.net. 2006 [2006-12-07]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html">原始内容</a>存档于2006-12-09）.</cite><span 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[2012-07-02]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503100927/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/33188/Arctic-Ocean/57838/Oceanography">存档</a>于2015-05-03）. <q>As an approximation, the Arctic Ocean may be regarded as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&rft.btitle=%27Arctic+Ocean%27+-+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F33188%2FArctic-Ocean%2F57838%2FOceanography&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/pytheas.html">Pytheas</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918073035/http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/pytheas.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Andre Engels. Retrieved 16 December 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-5">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_5-1">5.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xq.html">CIA World Fact Book: Arctic Ocean. Retrieved 11 November 2013.</a>. [2014-11-27]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705175634/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xq.html">存档</a>于2018-07-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&rft.btitle=CIA+World+Fact+Book%3A+Arctic+Ocean.+Retrieved+11+November+2013.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fxq.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.pm.gc.ca%252Feng%252Fmedia.asp%253Fid%253D1785%26date%3D2008-08-10">Backgrounder – Expanding Canadian Forces Operations in the Arctic</a>. [2007-08-17]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id%3D1785">原始内容</a>存档于2008-08-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&rft.btitle=Backgrounder+%E2%80%93+Expanding+Canadian+Forces+Operations+in+the+Arctic&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pm.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fmedia.asp%3Fid%3D1785&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341342/title/Microbes_flourish_under_Arctic_sea_ice">Microbes flourish under Arctic sea ice; Scientists shocked to find phytoplankton thriving under frozen surface</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610014252/http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341342/title/Microbes_flourish_under_Arctic_sea_ice">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） July 28th, 2012; Vol.182 #2 (p. 17) Science News</li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-8">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NOAA_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NOAA_8-1">8.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/background/physical/physical.html">Physical Nutrients and Primary Productivity</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130074102/http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/background/physical/physical.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Professor Terry Whiteledge. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 7 December 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119230612/http://ec.gc.ca/Error%2520404.html">Clean Air Online – Linking Today into Tomorrow</a>. [2014-11-27]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Linking_Today_into_Tomorrow-WS4D339983-1_En.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2020-11-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Online+%E2%80%93+Linking+Today+into+Tomorrow&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ec.gc.ca%2Fcleanair-airpur%2FLinking_Today_into_Tomorrow-WS4D339983-1_En.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-R.Black-10">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-R.Black_10-0">10.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-R.Black_10-1">10.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4315968.stm">Earth – melting in the heat?</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630003659/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4315968.stm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Richard Black, 7 October 2005. BBC News. Retrieved 7 December 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24659919-2703,00.html">Russia the next climate recalcitrant</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105065714/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24659919-2703,00.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Peter Wilson, 17 November 2008, The Australian. Retrieved 2 February 2009.</li> <li id="cite_note-CC03513-12"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CC03513_12-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Lauren Morello. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.climatecentral.org/news/warmer-arctic-with-less-ice-increases-storm-surge-15689">Warmer Arctic with Less Ice Increases Storm Surge</a>. Climate Central. 2013-03-05 [2013-03-08]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510104043/http://www.climatecentral.org/news/warmer-arctic-with-less-ice-increases-storm-surge-15689">存档</a>于2013-05-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&rft.atitle=Warmer+Arctic+with+Less+Ice+Increases+Storm+Surge&rft.au=Lauren+Morello&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Central&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climatecentral.org%2Fnews%2Fwarmer-arctic-with-less-ice-increases-storm-surge-15689&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/nuke_industry/siberia/mayak/21636">400 million cubic meters of radioactive waste threaten the Arctic area</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016195202/http://bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/nuke_industry/siberia/mayak/21636">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Thomas Nilsen, Bellona, 24 August 2001. Retrieved 7 December 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gso.uri.edu/maritimes/Text_Only/00Summer/text/arctic.html">Plutonium in the Russian Arctic, or How We Learned to Love the Bomb</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202051233/http://www.gso.uri.edu/maritimes/Text_Only/00Summer/text/arctic.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Bradley Moran, John N. Smith. Retrieved 7 December 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> Tim Phillips, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://activistdefense.wordpress.com/2012/07/11/alaska-natives-sue-federal-government-for-approving-shells-insufficient-clean-up-plan-for-a-potential-oil-spill-in-the-arctic-ocean/">"Alaska Natives Sue Federal Government for Approving Shell's Insufficient Clean-Up Plan for a Potential Oil Spill in the Arctic Ocean"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623163437/http://activistdefense.wordpress.com/2012/07/11/alaska-natives-sue-federal-government-for-approving-shells-insufficient-clean-up-plan-for-a-potential-oil-spill-in-the-arctic-ocean/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Activist Defense, July 11, 2012.</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="参见">参见</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参见" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arctic_Ocean" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arctic Ocean">北冰洋</a> </div> </div> </div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Terra.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, 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href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="寒带">寒带</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E9%87%8B%E5%87%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北極甲烷釋出">北極甲烷釋出</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%96%E6%B6%88%E8%9E%8D&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="北极冰盖消融（页面不存在）">北极冰盖消融</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%A1%9D%E6%93%8A%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北極氣候衝擊評估">北極氣候衝擊評估</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國際北極科學委員會">國際北極科學委員會</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%BC%82%E6%B5%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北大西洋漂流">北大西洋漂流</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="七海">七海</a></li> </ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D2%25A9%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D3%2599%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D2%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2588%25D3%2599" title="Аҩадатәи аокеан ҵааршә – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҩадатәи аокеан ҵааршә" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%25C3%25B4t_Arktik" title="Laôt Arktik – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Laôt Arktik" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A9%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25B3%25D1%258A%25D1%258D_%25D0%259E%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Щтыгъэ Океан – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Щтыгъэ Океан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktiese_Oseaan" title="Arktiese Oseaan – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Arktiese Oseaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischer_Ozean" title="Arktischer Ozean – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arktischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A0%25E1%2588%25AD%25E1%258A%25AD%25E1%2589%25B2%25E1%258A%25AD_%25E1%258B%258D%25E1%2589%2585%25E1%258B%25AB%25E1%258A%2596%25E1%2588%25B5" title="አርክቲክ ውቅያኖስ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አርክቲክ ውቅያኖስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Glacial_Arctico" title="Oceano Glacial Arctico – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oceano Glacial Arctico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25AAsh%25C3%25A6f" title="Īshæf – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Īshæf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="المحيط المتجمد الشمالي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المحيط المتجمد الشمالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7_%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="لمحيط لمجمد الشمالي – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمحيط لمجمد الشمالي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="الاركتيك – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاركتيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%25B0_%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%25B0" title="উত্তৰ মহাসাগৰ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উত্তৰ মহাসাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%25C3%25A9anu_Glacial_%25C3%2581rticu" title="Océanu Glacial Árticu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Océanu Glacial Árticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25B1_%25D0%25A6%25D3%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Шималияб ЦӀорол океан – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шималияб ЦӀорол океан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktika_Welfa" title="Arktika Welfa – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Arktika Welfa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्कटिक महासागर – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आर्कटिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259Eimal_Buzlu_okean" title="Şimal Buzlu okean – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimal Buzlu okean" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D9%2584%25D9%2588_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="شومال بوزلو اوقیانوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شومال بوزلو اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D2%25A1_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BE%25D2%2599%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischa_Ozean" title="Arktischa Ozean – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Arktischa Ozean" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkt%25C4%2597is_ond%25C4%2597n%25C4%25ABns" title="Arktėis ondėnīns – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arktėis ondėnīns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatan_Artiko" title="Kadagatan Artiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kadagatan Artiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%259E%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B_%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD" title="Паўночны Ледавіты акіян – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночны Ледавіты акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD" title="Арктычны акіян – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арктычны акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laotan_Kutub_Lor" title="Laotan Kutub Lor – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Laotan Kutub Lor" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Северен ледовит океан – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северен ледовит океан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्कटिक महासागर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्कटिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA_%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F" title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="উত্তর মহাসাগর – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তর মহাসাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurvor_Arktika" title="Meurvor Arktika – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meurvor Arktika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%25C4%258Dki_okean" title="Arktički okean – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arktički okean" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BC%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D2%25BB%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9" title="Хойто мүльһэн далай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хойто мүльһэн далай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oce%25C3%25A0_%25C3%2580rtic" title="Oceà Àrtic – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oceà Àrtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25A1e%25CC%25A4k-b%25C4%25ADng-i%25C3%25B2ng" title="Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%258A%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Къилбаседа Шен Ӏапказ – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къилбаседа Шен Ӏапказ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatang_Artiko" title="Kadagatang Artiko – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kadagatang Artiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258F%25A7%25E1%258F%25B4%25E1%258F%25A2_%25E1%258E%25A0%25E1%258E%25BA%25E1%258F%2589%25E1%258E%25AF" title="ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%2586%25D9%2582%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25DB%2595%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1" title="ئۆقیانووسی بەستووی باکوور – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆقیانووسی بەستووی باکوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Articu" title="Mari Articu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mari Articu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktik_okean" title="Arktik okean – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Arktik okean" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%25C3%25AD_ledov%25C3%25BD_oce%25C3%25A1n" title="Severní ledový oceán – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní ledový oceán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25C3%25A7%25C4%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8_%25D0%259F%25C4%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25C4%2583_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Çурçĕрти Пăрлă океан – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурçĕрти Пăрлă океан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefnfor_yr_Arctig" title="Cefnfor yr Arctig – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cefnfor yr Arctig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishavet" title="Ishavet – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ishavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischer_Ozean" title="Arktischer Ozean – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arktischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyanuso_Arktik" title="Okyanuso Arktik – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Okyanuso Arktik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25B3dpo%25C5%2582nocny_polarny_ocean" title="Pódpołnocny polarny ocean – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pódpołnocny polarny ocean" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan_Artik" title="Lautan Artik – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Lautan Artik" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2581%25CE%25BA%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CF%258C%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Αρκτικός Ωκεανός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρκτικός Ωκεανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkta_Oceano" title="Arkta Oceano – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkta Oceano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%25C3%25A9ano_%25C3%2581rtico" title="Océano Ártico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Océano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25B5hja-J%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4meri" title="Põhja-Jäämeri – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhja-Jäämeri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeano_Artikoa" title="Ozeano Artikoa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ozeano Artikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%25C3%25A9anu_Glacial_%25C3%2581rticu" title="Océanu Glacial Árticu – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Océanu Glacial Árticu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="اقیانوس منجمد شمالی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقیانوس منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjoinen_j%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4meri" title="Pohjoinen jäämeri – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjoinen jäämeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25B5h%2527a-I%25C3%25A4meri" title="Põh'a-Iämeri – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Põh'a-Iämeri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%25C3%25B0ur%25C3%25ADshavi%25C3%25B0" title="Norðuríshavið – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Norðuríshavið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%25C3%25A9an_Arctique" title="Océan Arctique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Océan Arctique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktisk_Sia" title="Arktisk Sia – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Arktisk Sia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noardlike_Iissee" title="Noardlike Iissee – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noardlike Iissee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tAig%25C3%25A9an_Artach" title="An tAigéan Artach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tAigéan Artach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B" title="北冰洋 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%25C3%25A9yan_Argtik" title="Loséyan Argtik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Loséyan Argtik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuan_Argtach" title="Cuan Argtach – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cuan Argtach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%25C3%25A9ano_%25C3%2581rtico" title="Océano Ártico – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Océano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguasu_%25C3%2581rtiko" title="Paraguasu Ártiko – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Paraguasu Ártiko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2586%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AA%259F%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%2595_%25E0%25AA%25AE%25E0%25AA%25B9%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%2597%25E0%25AA%25B0" title="આર્કટિક મહાસાગર – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આર્કટિક મહાસાગર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vooir_Arctagh" title="Yn Vooir Arctagh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vooir Arctagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B" title="北冰洋 – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_%25CA%25BB%25C4%2580lika" title="Moana ʻĀlika – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Moana ʻĀlika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25A1_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A8%25D7%2597_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A4%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599" title="אוקיינוס הקרח הצפוני – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקיינוס הקרח הצפוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%25C4%258Dki_ocean" title="Arktički ocean – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arktički ocean" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewjerny_polarny_ocean" title="Sewjerny polarny ocean – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sewjerny polarny ocean" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktik" title="Aktik – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aktik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeges-tenger" title="Jeges-tenger – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeges-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BC%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D6%2581%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC_%25D6%2585%25D5%25BE%25D5%25AF%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BD" title="Հյուսիսային սառուցյալ օվկիանոս – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային սառուցյալ օվկիանոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Arctic" title="Oceano Arctic – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oceano Arctic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaw_Artiko" title="Taaw Artiko – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taaw Artiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D3%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B1%25D1%2583%25D1%2585%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4" title="ГӀинбухера оакафорд – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀинбухера оакафорд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktika_oceano" title="Arktika oceano – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arktika oceano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%25C3%25B0ur-%25C3%258Dshaf" title="Norður-Íshaf – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norður-Íshaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Glaciale_Artico" title="Mar Glaciale Artico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Glaciale Artico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%2597%25E6%25A5%25B5%25E6%25B5%25B7" title="北極海 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北極海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/artik.zei_braxamsi" title="artik.zei braxamsi – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="artik.zei braxamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samodra_Lor" title="Samodra Lor – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Samodra Lor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%25A7%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594" title="ჩრდილოეთის ყინულოვანი ოკეანე – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთის ყინულოვანი ოკეანე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaraw_Arkti" title="Agaraw Arkti – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agaraw Arkti" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D1%258D_%25D0%25A5%25D1%258B%25D1%2588%25D1%2585%25D1%2583%25D1%258D" title="Арктикэ Хышхуэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Арктикэ Хышхуэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arikitiki_L%25C9%25A9%25C5%258Bam%25CA%258A%25CA%258A" title="Arikitiki Lɩŋamʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arikitiki Lɩŋamʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%25CC%25B1gba%25CC%25B1ndang_Kyai_A%25CC%25B1sa%25CC%25B1khwot_Atik" title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Atik – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Atik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D2%25AF%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA_%25D0%259C%25D2%25B1%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B_%25D0%25BC%25D2%25B1%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Солтүстік Мұзды мұхит – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Мұзды мұхит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259E%25A0%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259E%25BB%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%2591%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2580" title="មហាសមុទ្រអាកទិក – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាសមុទ្រអាកទិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2586%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%259F%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25B9%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25B0" title="ಆರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B6%2581%25EA%25B7%25B9%25ED%2595%25B4" title="북극해 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북극해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2_%25D0%2599%25D1%258B%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ойвыв Йыа океан – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ойвыв Йыа океан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB_%25D0%2591%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Шимал Бузлауукъ океан – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шимал Бузлауукъ океан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyan%25C3%25BBsa_Arkt%25C3%25AEk" title="Okyanûsa Arktîk – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Okyanûsa Arktîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynvor_Arktek" title="Keynvor Arktek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Keynvor Arktek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BA_%25D0%259C%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B" title="Түндүк Муз океаны – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түндүк Муз океаны" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Oceanus Arcticus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oceanus Arcticus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259C%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Кеферпатан МуркӀарин океан – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кеферпатан МуркӀарин океан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Artica" title="Mar Artica – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Artica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naordelike_Ieszie%25C3%25AB" title="Naordelike Ieszieë – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Naordelike Ieszieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozean_Artich" title="Ozean Artich – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ozean Artich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucean_Artich" title="Ucean Artich – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ucean Artich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkties_vandenynas" title="Arkties vandenynas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arkties vandenynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%25C4%25BCu_Ledus_oke%25C4%2581ns" title="Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasimbe_Arktika" title="Ranomasimbe Arktika – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasimbe Arktika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D3%25B1%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D2%25A5%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7" title="Йӱдвел тептеҥыз – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱдвел тептеҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Artik" title="Samudra Artik – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Samudra Artik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259E%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Северноледен Океан – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Северноледен Океан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2586%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582" title="ആർട്ടിക് സമുദ്രം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർട്ടിക് സമുദ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25BC%25D3%25A9%25D1%2581%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9" title="Умард мөсөн далай – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Умард мөсөн далай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2591%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%2587%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%259B_%25EA%25AF%258F%25EA%25AF%2584%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%259B" title="ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्क्टिक महासागर – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्क्टिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan_Artik" title="Lautan Artik – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lautan Artik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouceano_%25C3%2581rtico" title="Ouceano Ártico – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ouceano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA_%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AC" title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2591%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25AD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Пелевеёнксонь Эень океан – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пелевеёнксонь Эень океан" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C_%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B2%25D9%2587_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="شمالی یخ بزه اوقیانوس – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شمالی یخ بزه اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25B6%25C3%25B6rdlike_Iessee" title="Nöördlike Iessee – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nöördlike Iessee" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordelike_Ieszee" title="Noordelike Ieszee – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noordelike Ieszee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="आर्टिक महासागर – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्टिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordelijke_IJszee" title="Noordelijke IJszee – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noordelijke IJszee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhavet" title="Polhavet – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhavet" title="Polhavet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Artic" title="Ocean Artic – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ocean Artic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjaine_ji%25C3%25A4meri" title="Pohjaine jiämeri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pohjaine jiämeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garba_Arkitiik" title="Garba Arkitiik – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Garba Arkitiik" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25C3%25A6%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582_%25D0%2598%25D1%2585%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4" title="Цæгат Ихджын фурд – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Ихджын фурд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2586%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2595_%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2582%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiko_Kadayatmalatan" title="Artiko Kadayatmalatan – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Artiko Kadayatmalatan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%25C3%25A9ano_%25C3%2581rtiko" title="Oséano Ártiko – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oséano Ártiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Och%25C3%25A9an_Arctike" title="Ochéan Arctike – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ochéan Arctike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Arktyczny" title="Ocean Arktyczny – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ocean Arktyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%25C3%25A9an_%25C3%2580rtich" title="Océan Àrtich – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Océan Àrtich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25D9%25B9%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1" title="آرکٹک ساگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرکٹک ساگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A_%25D9%2582%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1" title="شمالي قطبي سمندر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمالي قطبي سمندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_%25C3%2581rtico" title="Oceano Ártico – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oceano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiku_mama_qucha" title="Artiku mama qucha – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Artiku mama qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Arctic" title="Ocean Arctic – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ocean Arctic" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanul_Arctic" title="Oceanul Arctic – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oceanul Arctic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Glaciale_Arteche" title="Mar Glaciale Arteche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Glaciale Arteche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Северный Ледовитый океан – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северный Ледовитый океан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Северный ледовый океан – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Северный ледовый океан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2583" title="उत्तरध्रुवीयमहासागरः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीयमहासागरः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583_%25D0%259C%25D1%2583%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9" title="Хотугу Муустаах далай – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хотугу Муустаах далай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25B4%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A0_%25E1%25B1%25A2%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25A6%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25AB%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F" title="ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otz%25C3%25A8anu_%25C3%2580rticu" title="Otzèanu Àrticu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Otzèanu Àrticu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%25C3%25A8anu_%25C3%2580rticu" title="Ocèanu Àrticu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ocèanu Àrticu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artic_Ocean" title="Artic Ocean – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Artic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AA%25D9%25BD%25DA%25AA_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DA%258A" title="آرڪٽڪ سمنڊ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آرڪٽڪ سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%25C4%258Dki_okean" title="Arktički okean – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arktički okean" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2586%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A_%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ආක්ටික් සාගරය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආක්ටික් සාගරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%25C3%25BD_%25C4%25BEadov%25C3%25BD_oce%25C3%25A1n" title="Severný ľadový oceán – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Severný ľadový oceán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="بحر منجمد شمالی – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بحر منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%25C4%258Dni_ocean" title="Arktični ocean – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arktični ocean" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_Atika" title="Vasa Atika – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vasa Atika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gungwa_re_Akitiki" title="Gungwa re Akitiki – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gungwa re Akitiki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badweynta_Arktik" title="Badweynta Arktik – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Badweynta Arktik" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqeani_Arktik" title="Oqeani Arktik – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oqeani Arktik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Северни ледени океан – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северни ледени океан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_ishavet" title="Norra ishavet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norra ishavet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Aktiki" title="Bahari ya Aktiki – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Aktiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktyczny_Uocean" title="Arktyczny Uocean – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Arktyczny Uocean" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/amisdayang" title="amisdayang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="amisdayang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2586%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="ஆர்க்டிக் பெருங்கடல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்க்டிக் பெருங்கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2586%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D%25E2%2580%258C%25E0%25B0%259F%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D_%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25B9%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B1%2581%25E0%25B0%25A6%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%2582" title="ఆర్క్‌టిక్ మహాసముద్రం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్క్‌టిక్ మహాసముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D2%259B%25D1%2591%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25AF%25D1%2585%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D3%25A3" title="Уқёнуси Яхбастаи шимолӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уқёнуси Яхбастаи шимолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581" title="มหาสมุทรอาร์กติก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาสมุทรอาร์กติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demirgazyk_Buzly_okean" title="Demirgazyk Buzly okean – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Demirgazyk Buzly okean" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagatang_Artiko" title="Karagatang Artiko – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karagatang Artiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Buz_Denizi" title="Kuzey Buz Denizi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Buz Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BA_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B" title="Төньяк Боз океаны – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төньяк Боз океаны" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D2%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583_%25D0%2594%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D0%25B3_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Соңгу Доштуг океан – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Соңгу Доштуг океан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB_%25D0%2599%25D3%25A7_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Уйпал Йӧ океан – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Уйпал Йӧ океан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D9%2589%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2589%25D9%258A_%25D9%2585%25DB%2587%25D8%25B2_%25D8%25A6%25D9%2588%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="شىمالىي مۇز ئوكيان – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي مۇز ئوكيان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2596%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%259B%25D1%258C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Північний Льодовитий океан – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північний Льодовитий океан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="بحر منجمد شمالی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحر منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimoliy_Muz_okeani" title="Shimoliy Muz okeani – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shimoliy Muz okeani" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%25C3%25A8ano_%25C3%2580rtego" title="Osèano Àrtego – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Osèano Àrtego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C3%25A4valdmeri" title="Jävaldmeri – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jävaldmeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25E1%25BA%25AFc_B%25C4%2583ng_D%25C6%25B0%25C6%25A1ng" title="Bắc Băng Dương – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bắc Băng Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25B4ordelyke_Ysz%25C3%25AAe" title="Nôordelyke Yszêe – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Nôordelyke Yszêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceyan_Artike" title="Oceyan Artike – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oceyan Artike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalawdan_Artico" title="Kalawdan Artico – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalawdan Artico" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%25C3%25A0mbulaan_gu_B%25C3%25ABj-g%25C3%25A0nnaar" title="Mbàmbulaan gu Bëj-gànnaar – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mbàmbulaan gu Bëj-gànnaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B" title="北冰洋 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwandle_i-Arctica" title="Ulwandle i-Arctica – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwandle i-Arctica" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2594_%25E1%2583%25B8%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594" title="ოორუე ჸინუამი ოკიანე – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოორუე ჸინუამი ოკიანე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A7%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8_%25D7%2590%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A2%25D7%2590%25D7%259F" title="ארקטישער אקעאן – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארקטישער אקעאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2592kun_%25C3%2581rkt%25C3%25ACk%25C3%25AC" title="Òkun Árktìkì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òkun Árktìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekbinghyangz" title="Baekbinghyangz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Baekbinghyangz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B" title="北冰洋 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak-ke%25CC%258Dk-i%25C3%25BB%25E2%2581%25BF" title="Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2586%25B0%25E6%25B4%258B" title="北冰洋 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" alt="维基百科" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">本页面最后修订于2024年12月29日 (星期日) 07:41。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">除非另有声明，本网站内容采用<a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>授权。</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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