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href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E4%BA%8B%E9%A0%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">免責事項</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ja.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="20" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="特別:検索"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia内を検索" aria-label="Wikipedia内を検索" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia内を検索 [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>検索</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="利用者のナビゲーション"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">文学</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> 言語表現による芸術 </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="言語" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>言語</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>ウォッチリストに追加</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101346560">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{margin:0.5em 0;padding:3px 2em;background-color:transparent;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:90%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote>table{color:inherit}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote>table{color:inherit}}</style> <div class="hatnote dablink noprint"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:25px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Disambig_gray.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="曖昧さ回避"><img alt="曖昧さ回避" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168"></a></span></td> <td>この項目では、言葉の文化について説明しています。岩波書店の雑誌については「<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6_(%E9%9B%91%E8%AA%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="文学 (雑誌) (存在しないページ)">文学 (雑誌)</a>」をご覧ください。</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101304250">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-出典の明記 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-出典の明記" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <b>この記事は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:検証可能性">検証可能</a>な<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:信頼できる情報源">参考文献や出典</a>が全く示されていないか、不十分です。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E3%82%92%E6%98%8E%E8%A8%98%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:出典を明記する">出典を追加</a>して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。<small>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%98%8E%E8%A8%98/doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:出典の明記/doc">このテンプレートの使い方</a>）</small><br><small><span class="plainlinks">出典検索<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Find_sources_mainspace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Find sources mainspace"><sup>?</sup></a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.co.jp/search?hl%3Dja%26as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26q%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522%26num%3D50">"文学"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.co.jp/search?hl%3Dja%26q%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522%26tbm%3Dnws">ニュース</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.co.jp/search?hl%3Dja%26tbs%3Dbks:1%26q%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522">書籍</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.google.co.jp/scholar?num%3D100%26hl%3Dja%26q%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522">スカラー</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ci.nii.ac.jp/opensearch/search?lang%3Dja%26q%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522%26range%3D2%26count%3D200%26sortorder%3D1%26type%3D0">CiNii</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/result/global/-char/ja?globalSearchKey%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522">J-STAGE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/openurl?any%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dlib.jp/?q%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522">dlib.jp</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jpsearch.go.jp/csearch/jps-cross?csid%3Djps-cross%26keyword%3D%2522%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6%2522">ジャパンサーチ</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/">TWL</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date"><span title="2013年2月1日 (金) 21:42 (UTC)">2013年2月</span></span>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>文学</b>（ぶんがく、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英語">英語</a>: <span lang="en"><b>literature</b></span>）は、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="言語">言語</a>によって<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="表現">表現</a>された<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="芸術">芸術</a>のこと。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="詩">詩</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小説">小説</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%AF%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戯曲">戯曲</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="脚本">脚本</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E7%AD%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="随筆">随筆</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="評論">評論</a>などの総称である。また、それらを<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="研究">研究</a>する<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%95%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="学問">学問</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文芸学">文芸学</a>を参照）。<b>文芸</b>（ぶんげい）ともいう。</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Fragonard,_The_Reader.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg/240px-Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%252C_The_Reader.jpg/360px-Fragonard%252C_The_Reader.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%252C_The_Reader.jpg/480px-Fragonard%252C_The_Reader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3182" data-file-height="4000"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ジャン・オノレ・フラゴナール">ジャン・オノレ・フラゴナール</a>『読書する女』（1772年） </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r94202605">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <div class="side-box metadata side-box-right portal plainlinks noprint" style="background:#f6ffff; width:220px;"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Open_book_01.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/34px-Open_book_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/51px-Open_book_01.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/68px-Open_book_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist" style="font-size:100%;"> <b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:文学">ポータル 文学</a></b> </div> </div> </div> <p>原初的な文学は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%89%BF%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="口承文芸">口承文芸</a>であったが、写本による書物の流通を経て、やがて印刷技術が普及するにつれて活字印刷による文学作品の出版が主流になった。現在では<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="電子書籍">電子書籍</a>や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="インターネット">インターネット</a>を利用した電子メディア上で表現されるものもある。</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ja" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目次</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">名称について</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9%E3%81%A8%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">文学の定義と概念</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%E7%A2%BA%E3%81%AA%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">不明確な定義</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E3%80%8C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BA%E9%81%94"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">「文学」という概念の歴史的発達</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E3%81%A8%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">作者と作家</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93%E3%81%A8%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E2%80%95%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%AE%B6%E3%81%8B%E8%81%B7%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%8B"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">芸術と文学―芸術家か職人か</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%91%97%E8%BF%B0"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">文学の著述</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">文学の形態</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">メディア</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">文学形式</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">翻訳</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">評論</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E9%87%8E"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">文学の分野</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">文学全集</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E3%83%BB%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E3%83%BB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">言語・国家・民族による分類</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">脚注</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%88"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">注釈</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">出典</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">関連項目</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">外部リンク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="名称について"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0.E3.81.AB.E3.81.A4.E3.81.84.E3.81.A6"></span>名称について</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 名称について" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西洋">西洋</a>での「文学」に相当する語（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en"><b>literature</b></span>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="フランス語">仏</a>: <span lang="fr"><b>littérature</b></span>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ドイツ語">独</a>: <span lang="de"><b>Literatur</b></span>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="イタリア語">伊</a>: <span lang="it"><b>letteratura</b></span>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="スペイン語">西</a>: <span lang="es"><b>literatura</b></span>）は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ラテン語">、ラテン語</a>の<i>littera</i>（文字）及びその<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E7%94%9F%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="派生語">派生語</a><i>litteratura</i>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="筆記">筆記</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文法">文法</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%99%E9%A4%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="教養">教養</a>）を<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="語源">語源</a>とし、現在では主に以下の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意味">意味</a>を持つ。</p> <ul> <li>言語によって作られ、審美的な側面を持つ筆記または口述の（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="科学">科学</a>的な作品や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="教育">教育</a>的な作品などとは異なる）芸術作品の総体: <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1764%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1764年">1764年</a>初出</li> <li>そのような作品を創作し、研究する活動: <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19世紀">19世紀</a>前半以降</li> <li>審美的な側面の有無にかかわらず、ある主題に関係した出版物の総体<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1758%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1758年">1758年</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ドイツ語">ドイツ語</a><i>Literatur</i>から</li> </ul> <p>中国・<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日本">日本</a>での「文学」の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="語">語</a>は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古代">古代</a>より<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E7%89%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="書物">書物</a>による学芸全般を意味した<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>が、今日のような<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="言葉">言葉</a>による審美的な創作を意味するようになったのはliterature（英）、littérature（仏）の訳語として「文学」が当てられた明治時代からである。初期の翻訳としては、1857年<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%BC%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ジョゼフ・エドキンズ">ジョゼフ・エドキンズ</a>によって『六合叢談』の中で著された論説文「希臘為西国文学之祖」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>や、1866年香港に遣わされたドイツ宣教師Wilhelm Lobscheidによる英語・広東語・中国語辞典『English and Chinese Dictionary』<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>が挙げられ、英語から中国語への翻訳が、著作を通して日本に入ってきた。</p> <p><br></p> <div class="rellink" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em; font-size: 90%;" role="note"> →「<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%BF%91%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日本の近現代文学史">日本の近現代文学史</a>」も参照 </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="文学の定義と概念"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E3.81.AE.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9.E3.81.A8.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>文学の定義と概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 文学の定義と概念" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="不明確な定義"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E6.98.8E.E7.A2.BA.E3.81.AA.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>不明確な定義</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 不明確な定義" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>文学は、言葉（口頭または<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文字">文字</a>）による<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="コミュニケーション">コミュニケーション</a>のうち、言語のあらゆる力を活用して受け手への効果を増大させようとするものとして<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="定義">定義</a>される。個人的な判断によって境界が曖昧でまちまちとなる文学は、その媒体や分野ではなく審美的な機能によって特徴づけられる: メッセージの表現方法が内容より優位であり、（複雑なものも含む）情報の伝達に限られた実用的なコミュニケーションからもはみ出すものである。今日では、文学はそれによって作者が歳月を隔てて我々に語り掛けるところの書物文化に結び付けられ、しかしながらまた同時に我々の歌謡がその遠縁であるところの文字を持たぬ人々の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%9D%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伝統">伝統</a>的な詩歌のようなさまざまな形の口承による表現や、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BD%B9%E8%80%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="役者">役者</a>の声と身体を通して受容される<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8A%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="演劇">演劇</a>などにも関係する。</p> <p>最も普通の意味での文学は、それ自身が歴とした<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="芸術">芸術</a>である。しかしながら、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="哲学">哲学</a>書や、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E5%8F%B0%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="舞台芸術">舞台芸術</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%AF%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戯曲">戯曲</a>や脚本など（さらには<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="漫画">漫画</a>やある種の文字による<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E3%81%A8%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="近代美術と現代美術">現代美術</a>など）に接近すると、この芸術の境界を定めるのは時として困難である。一般的には、文学は特に審美的な目的ないしは形式を持つ作品と再定義される。この審美的な側面が文学の志向性であり、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E9%81%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="報道">ジャーナリズム</a>や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="政治">政治</a>などの何らかの特定の制約に従う各種の作品と識別する基準である。一見すると、この定義は純粋に哲学的・政治的・歴史的な作品を排除するように思える。だが、作品の各分野やジャンルが文学に属するか否かの分類にはとくに慎重であるべきである。あるテクストは作者がそう望まなかったにもかかわらず、またそれがその分野としての目的ではなかったにもかかわらず一定の文学的側面を持ってしまい得る。作品の文学性の基準は学者の間の数々の論争の的となってきた。ある者は分野の間にヒエラルキーを設け、またある者はある作品がその分野によく一致していることや、文学的テクストに期待される役割に専念していることで満足する。またある者にとっては、文学の傑作は何よりもまず時の試練に耐えるものであり、それこそが全世界的な射程を保証する資格なのである。</p> <p>実際のところ文学とはまず第一に、自分自身と自分を取り巻く世界について自分の言葉で語る者と、その発見を受容し分かち合う者との出会いなのであり、その形式の果てしのない多様性と絶え間なく新たに生まれる主題は人間存在の条件そのものを物語っているのである。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="「文学」という概念の歴史的発達"><span id=".E3.80.8C.E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E3.80.8D.E3.81.A8.E3.81.84.E3.81.86.E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5.E3.81.AE.E6.AD.B4.E5.8F.B2.E7.9A.84.E7.99.BA.E9.81.94"></span>「文学」という概念の歴史的発達</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 「文学」という概念の歴史的発達" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>審美的な志向性を持つ作品の集合という文学の定義はかなり近代になってからのものである。事実、それまではむしろ、相応に厳密な形式的基準に適合する作品が文学として認められる傾向にあった。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アリストテレス">アリストテレス</a>は『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E5%AD%A6_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="詩学 (アリストテレス)">詩学</a>』において、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ギリシア悲劇">悲劇</a>と<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="叙事詩">叙事詩</a>に的を絞りそれらの話法を支配する形式的な規則を導入した。さらに、古代ギリシア人にとっては、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="歴史">歴史</a>は純然たる芸術であり、詩神<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="クレイオー">クレイオー</a>に霊感を与えられるものであった。</p> <p><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E7%AD%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="随筆">随筆</a>もまた文学に属すると考えられていた。今日のもはや文学作品とは考えられなくなったような随筆に比べ、当時の随筆では主題は重要なものではなかった。哲学もまた劣らず両義的なものである。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="プラトン">プラトン</a>の<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AF%BE%E8%A9%B1%E7%AF%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="対話篇">対話篇</a>やローマ皇帝<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="マルクス・アウレリウス・アントニヌス">マルクス・アウレリウス・アントニヌス</a>の『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%9C%81%E9%8C%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自省録">自省録</a>』の文学性は今日誰も疑問に思わないであろう。他方で、文学の審美性が厳格な単純性をもって表される<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="詩">詩</a>がしばしば最も純粋な文学形式であると考えられてきた。作品の文学性は移ろいやすいものであり、世紀を経ると共に文学は領域を拡大し、多様で通俗的な諸形式を次々と取り込んで行ったものと思われる。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="作者と作家"><span id=".E4.BD.9C.E8.80.85.E3.81.A8.E4.BD.9C.E5.AE.B6"></span>作者と作家</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 作者と作家" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>文学の定義に基づくと、「作者」と「<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="作家">作家</a>」の間には区別がある。作家は文学作品を書く者を指すが、作者は政治・歴史・科学・文学などの別を問わず何らかの書物を著した全ての者を指す。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="芸術と文学―芸術家か職人か"><span id=".E8.8A.B8.E8.A1.93.E3.81.A8.E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E2.80.95.E8.8A.B8.E8.A1.93.E5.AE.B6.E3.81.8B.E8.81.B7.E4.BA.BA.E3.81.8B"></span>芸術と文学―芸術家か職人か</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 芸術と文学―芸術家か職人か" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>文学作品の芸術性の拠り所は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="文芸評論家">文芸評論家</a>たちを頻繁に分断してきた問題である。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古代">古代</a>より、2つの異なった概念が存在し、来たるべき様々な文学や芸術の潮流に影響を及ぼしてきた。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アリストテレス">アリストテレス</a>は『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E5%AD%A6_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="詩学 (アリストテレス)">詩学</a>』において表現的な側面は重要でないと考え、それよりも作品の形式的な特性に固執していた。作家の仕事は、厳密な規則や理論に従うという面で建物を建てる<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大工">大工</a>の仕事と類似したものであるということになる<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。それに反して、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%BD%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="偽ロンギヌス (存在しないページ)">偽ロンギヌス</a>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longinus_(literature)" class="extiw" title="en:Longinus (literature)">en</a>)は『崇高論』において、感情の表現を前面に押し出した。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E9%AB%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="崇高">崇高</a>は読者を興奮させ、恍惚とさせるものであり、それは話法の完成と一致するものとされた。ここには、審美的な題材に細工を施し受け手に反応を引き起こそうと働く職人と、公衆に移入させるような感情を表し作り出す霊感に恵まれた芸術家の対比が見出される。この論争は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文芸評論">文芸評論</a>史で幾度となく再出現し、また<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古典主義">古典主義</a>と<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ロマン主義">ロマン主義</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自然主義文学">自然主義</a>と<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%80%BD%E7%BE%8E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="耽美主義">耽美主義</a>のような互いに相容れない潮流を数多く生み出した。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="文学の著述"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E3.81.AE.E8.91.97.E8.BF.B0"></span>文学の著述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 文学の著述" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>文学的な著述は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="正書法">正書法</a>や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文法">文法</a>だけでなく、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="修辞学">修辞学</a>や詩学の規範にも従う。作家は文体を作り上げることを可能にする言語的な諸手段を利用し、話法を支え、散文を美的なものにするために詩学的な破格、脱線、造語などもまた拠り所とする。作者に固有の文体的要素と<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E6%8A%80%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="修辞技法">修辞技法</a>のような<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%BE%9E%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="修辞学">修辞学</a>的効果の双方が駆使され、そのようにして作家は他と一線を画す芸術家となるのである。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="文学の形態"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E3.81.AE.E5.BD.A2.E6.85.8B"></span>文学の形態</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 文学の形態" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Old_book_bindings.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/240px-Old_book_bindings.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/240px-Old_book_bindings.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/360px-Old_book_bindings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/480px-Old_book_bindings.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="オックスフォード大学">オックスフォード大学</a>の蔵書 </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="メディア"><span id=".E3.83.A1.E3.83.87.E3.82.A3.E3.82.A2"></span>メディア</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: メディア" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>原初的な文学は口伝（口承文芸）である。それが文字で書きとめられるようになり<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="写本">写本</a>の形で流布するようになったが、15世紀以降<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印刷">印刷</a>技術が普及し、やがて<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="活版印刷">活版印刷</a>による文学作品の出版が盛んになった。現在では<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="インターネット">インターネット</a>に代表される電子メディア上で表現されるものもある。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="文学形式"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E5.BD.A2.E5.BC.8F"></span>文学形式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 文学形式" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>メディアの変遷に応じ、最初は音声で受容される<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="叙事詩">叙事詩</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8A%92%E6%83%85%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="抒情詩">抒情詩</a>などの詩や、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8A%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="演劇">演劇</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="劇文学">劇文学</a>）が中心的な役割を果たしたが、近代に至り文字の形での受容が容易になるにつれて詩から<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小説">小説</a>への大規模な移行が起こった。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="翻訳"><span id=".E7.BF.BB.E8.A8.B3"></span>翻訳</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 翻訳" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>言語に依存する芸術であるため、他言語の作品を鑑賞・解釈するためには<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="翻訳">翻訳</a>が大変重要であり、翻訳家の存在が大きな意味を持つ。翻訳された作品を翻訳文学と呼ぶ。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="評論"><span id=".E8.A9.95.E8.AB.96"></span>評論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 評論" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>文学作品を研究・分析・批評することを<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文芸評論">文芸評論</a>（文芸批評）という。広義には研究論文から雑誌のコラムまで全て評論と言える。文学だけではなく、あらゆる作品が評論の対象になる。評論には様々な手法があり、それは研究対象や時代、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="評論家">評論家</a>自身などに依存する。優れた評論文は、それ自体が文学作品として評価される。<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="著作家">作家</a>や<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="思想">思想家</a>が<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文芸評論">文芸評論家</a>として活動することもしばしばある。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="文学の分野"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E3.81.AE.E5.88.86.E9.87.8E"></span>文学の分野</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 文学の分野" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>詳細はそれぞれの項目を参照。</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%89%BF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="口承文学">口承文学（口承文芸）</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%AC%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民謡">民謡</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="物語">物語</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="詩">詩</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%96%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="韻文">韻文</a>） <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%9E%8B%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="定型詩">定型詩</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="和歌">和歌</a> - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E6%AD%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="短歌">短歌</a> - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E6%AD%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="連歌">連歌</a> - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E6%AD%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="狂歌">狂歌</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%B3%E5%8F%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="俳句">俳句</a> - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%8F%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="連句">連句</a> - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="川柳">川柳</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="漢詩">漢詩</a> - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%93%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古体詩">古体詩</a> - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BD%93%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="近体詩">近体詩</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ソネット">ソネット</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アレクサンドラン">アレクサンドラン</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%82%E8%AA%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="時調">時調</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%87%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="劇詩">劇詩</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自由詩">自由詩</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E8%A9%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="散文詩">散文詩</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="散文">散文</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小説">小説</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="フィクション">フィクション</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%9C%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="台本">台本</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%AF%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戯曲">戯曲</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="脚本">脚本</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E7%AD%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="随筆">随筆</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="エッセイ">エッセイ</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="紀行">紀行</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%A8%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日記">日記</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%BC%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自伝">自伝</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%9D%E8%A8%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伝記">伝記</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%9D&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="評伝 (存在しないページ)">評伝</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文芸評論">文芸評論</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E8%A9%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="書評">書評</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ノンフィクション">ノンフィクション</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ルポルタージュ">ルポルタージュ</a>）</li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="文学全集"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6.E5.85.A8.E9.9B.86"></span>文学全集</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 文学全集" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>多数の文学作品を編集したものを文学<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="全集">全集</a>と呼ぶことが多い。</p> <p>代表的なものとして<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界文学全集">世界文学全集</a>、<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="日本文学全集 (存在しないページ)">日本文学全集</a>がある。他に個人の全集、特定の国の全集、特定のジャンルの全集などがある。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="言語・国家・民族による分類"><span id=".E8.A8.80.E8.AA.9E.E3.83.BB.E5.9B.BD.E5.AE.B6.E3.83.BB.E6.B0.91.E6.97.8F.E3.81.AB.E3.82.88.E3.82.8B.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>言語・国家・民族による分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 言語・国家・民族による分類" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-count:auto; -webkit-column-count:auto; column-count:auto; -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アイヌ文学">アイヌ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アイスランド文学">アイスランド文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アイルランド文学">アイルランド文学</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="アングロサクソン・アイルランド文学 (存在しないページ)">アングロサクソン・アイルランド文学</a></li> </ul></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="アジア文学 (存在しないページ)">アジア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Asian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="アゼルバイジャン文学 (存在しないページ)">アゼルバイジャン文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Azerbaijani literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アフリカ文学">アフリカ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アメリカ文学">アメリカ文学</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E9%BB%92%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="アメリカ黒人文学 (存在しないページ)">アメリカ黒人文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="インディアン文学 (存在しないページ)">インディアン文学</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="アラビア文学">アラビア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アルジェリア文学">アルジェリア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アルゼンチン文学">アルゼンチン文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="アルメニア文学 (存在しないページ)">アルメニア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Armenian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アンゴラ文学">アンゴラ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="イギリス文学">イギリス文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="イスラエル文学">イスラエル文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="イタリア文学">イタリア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="イディッシュ文学">イディッシュ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="インド文学">インド文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="インドネシア文学 (存在しないページ)">インドネシア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ウクライナ文学">ウクライナ文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ウズベキスタン文学 (存在しないページ)">ウズベク文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%25CA%25BBzbek_adabiyoti" class="extiw" title="uz:Oʻzbek adabiyoti">ウズベク語版</a>、<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Узбекская литература">ロシア語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ウルグアイ文学">ウルグアイ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英文学">英文学</a>（<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英語">英語</a>で書かれた文学）</li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="エジプト文学">エジプト文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="エストニア文学 (存在しないページ)">エストニア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="エスペラント文学">エスペラント文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A8%E3%83%81%E3%82%AA%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="エチオピア文学 (存在しないページ)">エチオピア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Ethiopian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="オーストラリア文学">オーストラリア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="オーストリア文学 (存在しないページ)">オーストリア文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AA%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="オセアニア文学 (存在しないページ)">オセアニア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Oceanian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span>（<b>海洋文学</b>とも呼ばれる）</li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="オランダ文学">オランダ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="カザフスタン文学">カザフスタン文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="カナダ文学">カナダ文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="カメルーン文学 (存在しないページ)">カメルーン文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%25C3%25A9rature_camerounaise" class="extiw" title="fr:Littérature camerounaise">フランス語版</a>、<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature_of_Cameroon" class="extiw" title="en:Literature of Cameroon">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="カンボジア文学 (存在しないページ)">カンボジア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Cambodian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="キューバ文学">キューバ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ギリシア文学">ギリシア文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="キルギス文学 (存在しないページ)">キルギス文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Kyrgyz literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%86%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="グアテマラ文学">グアテマラ文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="グルジア文学 (存在しないページ)">グルジア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)%23Literary_and_other_written_works" class="extiw" title="en:Culture of Georgia (country)">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="クルド文学">クルド文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="クレオール文学 (存在しないページ)">クレオール文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%81%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="クロアチア文学 (存在しないページ)">クロアチア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Croatian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="サンスクリット文学 (存在しないページ)">サンスクリット文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="スイス文学 (存在しないページ)">スイス文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="スウェーデン文学">スウェーデン文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="スコットランド文学 (存在しないページ)">スコットランド文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="スペイン文学">スペイン文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="スリランカ文学 (存在しないページ)">スリランカ文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Sri Lankan literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%92%E3%83%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="スワヒリ文学 (存在しないページ)">スワヒリ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="セルビア文学 (存在しないページ)">セルビア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%BD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ソマリ文学 (存在しないページ)">ソマリ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="タイ文学">タイ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾文学">台湾文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="タジキスタン文学 (存在しないページ)">タジク文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Tajik literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="チェコ文学">チェコ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="チベット文学 (存在しないページ)">チベット文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="チャド文学 (存在しないページ)">チャド文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Chadian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="チュニジア文学">チュニジア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国文学">中国文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="朝鮮文学">朝鮮文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="チリ文学">チリ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="デンマーク文学 (存在しないページ)">デンマーク文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ドイツ文学">ドイツ文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="トルクメニスタン文学 (存在しないページ)">トルクメン文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Turkmen literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="トルコ文学">トルコ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ナイジェリア文学">ナイジェリア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日本文学">日本文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ノルウェー文学 (存在しないページ)">ノルウェー文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%81%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ハイチ文学">ハイチ文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%91%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="パキスタン文学 (存在しないページ)">パキスタン文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Pakistani literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%8A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="パレスチナ文学">パレスチナ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ハンガリー文学 (存在しないページ)">ハンガリー文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ビルマ文学 (存在しないページ)">ビルマ文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Burmese literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="フィリピン文学 (存在しないページ)">フィリピン文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Philippine literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="フィンランド文学">フィンランド文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ブータン文学 (存在しないページ)">ブータン文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanese_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Bhutanese literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="フェロー文学 (存在しないページ)">フェロー文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ブラジル文学">ブラジル文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="フランス文学">フランス文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%99%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ベトナム文学 (存在しないページ)">ベトナム文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ベナン文学">ベナン文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%8D%E3%82%BA%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ベネズエラ文学">ベネズエラ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ペルー文学">ペルー文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ペルシア文学">ペルシア文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ベンガル文学 (存在しないページ)">ベンガル文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Bengali literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ポーランド文学 (存在しないページ)">ポーランド文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ポルトガル文学">ポルトガル文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="マレーシア文学 (存在しないページ)">マレーシア文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Malaysian literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="メキシコ文学 (存在しないページ)">メキシコ文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="モザンビーク文学">モザンビーク文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%90%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="モルドバ文学 (存在しないページ)">モルドバ文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature_of_Moldova" class="extiw" title="en:Literature of Moldova">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="モンゴル文学">モンゴル文学</a></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%A6%E3%83%80%E3%83%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ユダヤ文学 (存在しないページ)">ユダヤ文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish literature">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ヨーロッパ文学 (存在しないページ)">ヨーロッパ文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Western literature">英語版</a>）</span></span>（<b>西洋文学</b>とも呼ばれる）</li> <li><span title="リンク先の項目はまだありません。新規の執筆や他言語版からの翻訳が望まれます。"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ラオス文学 (存在しないページ)">ラオス文学</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature_of_Laos" class="extiw" title="en:Literature of Laos">英語版</a>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ラテン文学">ラテン文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ラテンアメリカ文学">ラテンアメリカ文学</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%98%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="インディヘニスモ文学 (存在しないページ)">インディヘニスモ文学</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="琉球文学">琉球文学</a>（沖縄文学）</li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ルーマニア文学 (存在しないページ)">ルーマニア文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%AC%E3%83%90%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="レバノン文学 (存在しないページ)">レバノン文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ロシア文学">ロシア文学</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 脚注" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%;"> [<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E5%90%91%E3%81%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:脚注/読者向け"><span title="この欄の操作法">脚注の使い方</span></a>] </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="注釈"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.88"></span>注釈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 注釈" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">「scientific literature」など。この意味は<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日本語">日本語</a>には入ってきていない。言い方としては「文献」が近い。</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="出典"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E5.85.B8"></span>出典</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 出典" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="論語">論語</a>』学而6、雍也27</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">李征「<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.20613/hikaku.40.0_7">中国・日本の近代における「文学」という翻訳語の成立 ―清末上海滞在のイギリス人宣教師エドキンスによる「希臘為西国文学之祖」の執筆をめぐって</a>」『比較文学』第40巻、1998年、7-20頁。</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%83%BB%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B+%E2%80%95%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%BB%9E%E5%9C%A8%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8C%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%82%BA%E8%A5%BF%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%8B%E7%A5%96%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%B7%E7%AD%86%E3%82%92%E3%82%81%E3%81%90%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6&rft.jtitle=%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&rft.aulast=%E6%9D%8E%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%BE%81&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=7-20%E9%A0%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.20613%2Fhikaku.40.0_7&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">蔡祝青 (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/372979">“文學觀念流通的現代化進程：以近代英華／華英辭典編纂literature詞條為中心”</a>. <i>東亞觀念史集刊</i> <b>3</b>: 309-317<span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/372979">https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/372979</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A7%80%E5%BF%B5%E6%B5%81%E9%80%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96%E9%80%B2%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%A5%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%8F%AF%EF%BC%8F%E8%8F%AF%E8%8B%B1%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8%E7%B7%A8%E7%BA%82literature%E8%A9%9E%E6%A2%9D%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.jtitle=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E8%A7%80%E5%BF%B5%E5%8F%B2%E9%9B%86%E5%88%8A&rft.aulast=%E8%94%A1%E7%A5%9D%E9%9D%92&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E7%A5%9D%E9%9D%92&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=309-317&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F372979&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="アリストテレス">アリストテレス</a>『<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ニコマコス倫理学">ニコマコス倫理学</a>』VI、4</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 関連項目" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r94202605"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r94205542">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> ウィキペディアの<a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:ウィキメディア・プロジェクト"><span id="sister-projects">姉妹プロジェクト</span></a>で<br> 「<b>文学</b>」に関する情報が検索できます。 </div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/41px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/54px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">ウィクショナリーの<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/文学">辞書項目</a></span></li> <li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">コモンズの<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Literature" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Literature">メディア</a></span></li> <li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">ウィキニュースの<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikinews.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%2586%25E3%2582%25B4%25E3%2583%25AA:%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6" class="extiw" title="n:カテゴリ:文学">ニュース</a></span></li> <li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">ウィキクォートの<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikiquote.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6" class="extiw" title="q:文学">引用句集</a></span></li> <li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">ウィキソースの<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6" class="extiw" title="s:Wikisource:文学">原文</a></span></li> <li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">ウィキブックスの<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6" class="extiw" title="b:文学">教科書や解説書</a></span></li> <li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">ウィキバーシティの<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/文学">学習支援</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="物語">物語</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%8A%B8%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文芸学">文芸学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文学史">文学史</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="純文学">純文学</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="芸術">芸術</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%A1%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="前衛">前衛</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文学部">文学部</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="外部リンク"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E3.83.AA.E3.83.B3.E3.82.AF"></span>外部リンク</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="節を編集: 外部リンク" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>編集</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul> <li>『<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kotobank.jp/word/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25A6">文学</a>』 - <a href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="コトバンク">コトバンク</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> 「<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%26oldid%3D102883966">https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=文学&oldid=102883966</a>」から取得 </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Mzmsgk" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1733839199"> <span>最終更新: 2024年12月10日 (火) 13:59</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>言語</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterkunde" title="アフリカーンス語: Letterkunde" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Letterkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="アフリカーンス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatur" title="スイスドイツ語: Literatur" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Literatur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="スイスドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A5%25E1%258A%2590_%25E1%258C%25BD%25E1%2588%2591%25E1%258D%258D" title="アムハラ語: ሥነ ጽሑፍ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ጽሑፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="アムハラ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="アラゴン語: Literatura" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="アラゴン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="アンギカ語: साहित्य" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="アンギカ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8" title="アラビア語: أدب" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="アッサム語: সাহিত্য" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাহিত্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="アッサム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliteratura" title="アストゥリアス語: Lliteratura" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lliteratura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="アストゥリアス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2582" title="アヴァル語: Адабият" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Адабият" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="アヴァル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suteroteem" title="コタヴァ: Suteroteem" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Suteroteem" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="コタヴァ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="アワディー語: साहित्य" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="アワディー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullas%25C3%25AFwi" title="アイマラ語: Qullasïwi" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qullasïwi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="アイマラ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C6%258Fd%25C9%2599biyyat" title="アゼルバイジャン語: Ədəbiyyat" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ədəbiyyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="アゼルバイジャン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="South Azerbaijani: ادبیات" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ادبیات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D3%2598%25D2%2599%25D3%2599%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D3%2599%25D1%2582" title="バシキール語: Әҙәбиәт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әҙәбиәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="バシキール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susastra" title="バリ語: Susastra" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Susastra" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="バリ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatua" title="バイエルン・オーストリア語: Literatua" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Literatua" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="バイエルン・オーストリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literat%25C5%25ABra" title="サモギティア語: Literatūra" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Literatūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="サモギティア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ビコール語: Literatura" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="ビコール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="ベラルーシ語: Літаратура" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літаратура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ベラルーシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography): Літаратура" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літаратура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="ブルガリア語: Литература" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литература" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ブルガリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="Bhojpuri: साहित्य" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="バンジャル語: Sastra" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="バンジャル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF" title="ベンガル語: সাহিত্য" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহিত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ベンガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%25A9%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%25A0%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2594%25E0%25BC%258D" title="チベット語: རྩོམ་རིག་ཡི་གེའི་རིག་པ།" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩོམ་རིག་ཡི་གེའི་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="チベット語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennegezh" title="ブルトン語: Lennegezh" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lennegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ブルトン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%25C5%25BEevnost" title="ボスニア語: Književnost" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Književnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ボスニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="Batak Mandailing: Sastra" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B4%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D1%2591%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB" title="ブリヤート語: Удха зохёол" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Удха зохёол" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="ブリヤート語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="カタロニア語: Literatura" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2599ng-h%25C5%258Fk" title="閩東語: Ùng-hŏk" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ùng-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="閩東語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="チェチェン語: Литература" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Литература" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="チェチェン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katitikan" title="セブアノ語: Katitikan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katitikan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="セブアノ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25DA%2598%25DB%2595" title="中央クルド語: وێژە" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێژە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中央クルド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littiratura" title="コルシカ語: Littiratura" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Littiratura" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="コルシカ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edebiyat" title="クリミア・タタール語: Edebiyat" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Edebiyat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="クリミア・タタール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="チェコ語: Literatura" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="チェコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ABteratura" title="カシューブ語: Lëteratura" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Lëteratura" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="カシューブ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="チュヴァシ語: Литература" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литература" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="チュヴァシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llenyddiaeth" title="ウェールズ語: Llenyddiaeth" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llenyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ウェールズ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteratur" title="デンマーク語: Litteratur" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Litteratur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="デンマーク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiricha" title="Dagbani: Litiricha" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Litiricha" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatur" title="ドイツ語: Literatur" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Literatur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edebiyat" title="ザザキ語: Edebiyat" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Edebiyat" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="ザザキ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2587%25DE%25A6%25DE%258B%25DE%25A6%25DE%2584%25DE%25A8%25DE%2587%25DE%25B0%25DE%2594%25DE%25A7%25DE%258C%25DE%25AA" title="ディベヒ語: އަދަބިއްޔާތު" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަދަބިއްޔާތު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ディベヒ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259B%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BF%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CF%2587%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="ギリシャ語: Λογοτεχνία" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λογοτεχνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ギリシャ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" title="英語: Literature" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Literature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="良質な記事"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaturo" title="エスペラント語: Literaturo" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Literaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="エスペラント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="スペイン語: Literatura" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjandus" title="エストニア語: Kirjandus" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirjandus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="エストニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="バスク語: Literatura" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="バスク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="エストレマドゥーラ語: Literatura" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="エストレマドゥーラ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="ペルシア語: ادبیات" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادبیات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjallisuus" title="フィンランド語: Kirjallisuus" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjallisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="フィンランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir%25C3%25A4nd%25C3%25BCs" title="ヴォロ語: Kirändüs" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kirändüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="ヴォロ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25B3kmentir" title="フェロー語: Bókmentir" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bókmentir" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="フェロー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%25C3%25A9rature" title="フランス語: Littérature" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Littérature" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="フランス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%25C3%25A8ratura" title="アルピタン語: Litèratura" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Litèratura" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="アルピタン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatuur" title="北フリジア語: Literatuur" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Literatuur" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北フリジア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leterature" title="フリウリ語: Leterature" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Leterature" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="フリウリ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatuer" title="西フリジア語: Literatuer" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Literatuer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西フリジア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litr%25C3%25ADocht" title="アイルランド語: Litríocht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Litríocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="アイルランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="贛語: 文學" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="文學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%25C3%25A9ratir" title="Guianan Creole: Litératir" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Litératir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litreachas" title="スコットランド・ゲール語: Litreachas" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Litreachas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="スコットランド・ゲール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ガリシア語: Literatura" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ガリシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2591e%2527%25E1%25BA%25BDpor%25C3%25A3haipyre" title="グアラニー語: Ñe'ẽporãhaipyre" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽporãhaipyre" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="グアラニー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettyraght" title="マン島語: Lettyraght" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lettyraght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="マン島語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adabi" title="ハウサ語: Adabi" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Adabi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ハウサ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25B9n-ho%25CC%258Dk" title="客家語: Vùn-ho̍k" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vùn-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%25CA%25BBokalaleo" title="ハワイ語: Moʻokalaleo" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Moʻokalaleo" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ハワイ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA" title="ヘブライ語: ספרות" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ヘブライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="ヒンディー語: साहित्य" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ヒンディー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" title="フィジー・ヒンディー語: Literature" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Literature" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="フィジー・ヒンディー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%25C5%25BEevnost" title="クロアチア語: Književnost" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Književnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literati" title="ハイチ・クレオール語: Literati" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Literati" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ハイチ・クレオール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irodalom" title="ハンガリー語: Irodalom" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ハンガリー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="アルメニア語: Գրականություն" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="アルメニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25AB%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Western Armenian: Գրականութիւն" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գրականութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteratura" title="インターリングア: Litteratura" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Litteratura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="インターリングア" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="インドネシア語: Sastra" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="インターリング: Literatura" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="インターリング" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="イロカノ語: Literatura" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="イロカノ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaturo" title="イド語: Literaturo" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Literaturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="イド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25B3kmenntir" title="アイスランド語: Bókmenntir" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bókmenntir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="アイスランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letteratura" title="イタリア語: Letteratura" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Letteratura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichicha" title="ジャマイカ・クレオール語: Lichicha" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lichicha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="ジャマイカ・クレオール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="ジャワ語: Sastra" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ジャワ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="ジョージア語: ლიტერატურა" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიტერატურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ジョージア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2581debiyat" title="カラカルパク語: Ádebiyat" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ádebiyat" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="カラカルパク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasekla" title="カビル語: Tasekla" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasekla" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="カビル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D3%2598%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582" title="カザフ語: Әдебиет" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әдебиет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="カザフ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B9%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF" title="カンナダ語: ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="カンナダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25AC%25B8%25ED%2595%2599" title="韓国語: 문학" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%258B%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B4%25D1%258C%25D3%25A7%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="コミ・ペルミャク語: Лыддьӧтан" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Лыддьӧтан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="コミ・ペルミャク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2582" title="カラチャイ・バルカル語: Адабият" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Адабият" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="カラチャイ・バルカル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%258E%25D8%25AF%25D9%258E%25D8%25A8" title="カシミール語: اَدَب" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَدَب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="カシミール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%25C3%25AAje" title="クルド語: Wêje" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wêje" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="クルド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B6%25D3%25A7%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B1%25D1%2583%25D1%2580" title="コミ語: Гижӧмбур" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Гижӧмбур" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="コミ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lien" title="コーンウォール語: Lien" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lien" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="コーンウォール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2582" title="キルギス語: Адабият" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Адабият" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="キルギス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litterae" title="ラテン語: Litterae" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Litterae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ラテン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ラディノ語: Literatura" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ラディノ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatur" title="ルクセンブルク語: Literatur" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Literatur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ルクセンブルク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2582" title="ラク語: Адабият" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Адабият" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="ラク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="レズギ語: Литература" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Литература" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="レズギ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leteratur" title="リングア・フランカ・ノバ: Leteratur" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Leteratur" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="リングア・フランカ・ノバ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatuur" title="リンブルフ語: Literatuur" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Literatuur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="リンブルフ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leterat%25C3%25B6ra" title="Ladin: Leteratöra" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Leteratöra" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literadura" title="ロンバルド語: Literadura" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Literadura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ロンバルド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25A7%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2584%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%25B5" title="ラオ語: ວັນນະຄະດີ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວັນນະຄະດີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ラオ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literat%25C5%25ABra" title="リトアニア語: Literatūra" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Literatūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="リトアニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literat%25C5%25ABra" title="ラトビア語: Literatūra" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Literatūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ラトビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="マドゥラ語: Sastra" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="マドゥラ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="マイティリー語: साहित्य" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="マイティリー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="バニュマス語: Sastra" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="バニュマス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haisoratra" title="マダガスカル語: Haisoratra" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haisoratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="マダガスカル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="ミナンカバウ語: Sastra" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ミナンカバウ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582" title="マケドニア語: Книжевност" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Книжевност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="マケドニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582" title="マラヤーラム語: സാഹിത്യം" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാഹിത്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="マラヤーラム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB" title="モンゴル語: Уран зохиол" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уран зохиол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="モンゴル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA" title="Mon: လိက်ပတ်" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="လိက်ပတ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="マラーティー語: साहित्य" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="マラーティー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesusasteraan" title="マレー語: Kesusasteraan" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesusasteraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="マレー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ミランダ語: Literatura" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ミランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25B1" title="ミャンマー語: စာပေ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စာပေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ミャンマー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoxtlahcuiloliztli" title="Nahuatl: Amoxtlahcuiloliztli" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Amoxtlahcuiloliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letteratura" title="ナポリ語: Letteratura" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Letteratura" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ナポリ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatur" title="低地ドイツ語: Literatur" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Literatur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatuur" title="オランダ低ザクセン語: Literatuur" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Literatuur" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="オランダ低ザクセン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="ネパール語: साहित्य" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ネパール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF" title="ネワール語: साहित्य" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="साहित्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ネワール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatuur" title="オランダ語: Literatuur" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Literatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteratur" title="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク): Litteratur" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litteratur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteratur" title="ノルウェー語(ブークモール): Litteratur" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litteratur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ブークモール)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" title="ノヴィアル: Literature" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Literature" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="ノヴィアル" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%25A1%25DF%259F%25DF%258B%25DF%259E%25DF%258E%25DF%25A6%25DF%258A" title="ンコ語: ߡߟߋߞߎߦߊ" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߟߋߞߎߦߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="ンコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%25C3%25A9thatuthe" title="ノルマン語: Littéthatuthe" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Littéthatuthe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="ノルマン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="オック語: Literatura" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="オック語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjalli%25C5%25BEus" title="Livvi-Karelian: Kirjalližus" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirjalližus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Og-barruu" title="オロモ語: Og-barruu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Og-barruu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="オロモ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25C3%25A6" title="オセット語: Литературæ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Литературæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="オセット語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25A4" title="パンジャブ語: ਸਾਹਿਤ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਹਿਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="パンジャブ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literat%25C3%25BAra" title="パンパンガ語: Literatúra" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Literatúra" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="パンパンガ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="パピアメント語: Literatura" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="パピアメント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%25C3%25A9rature" title="ピカルディ語: Litérature" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Litérature" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="ピカルディ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litritchar" title="ノーフォーク語・ピトケアン語: Litritchar" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Litritchar" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="ノーフォーク語・ピトケアン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ポーランド語: Literatura" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ピエモンテ語: Literatura" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="ピエモンテ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8" title="Western Punjabi: ادب" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ادب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25D9%25BE%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D9%2587" title="パシュトゥー語: ادبپوهنه" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ادبپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="パシュトゥー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ポルトガル語: Literatura" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi_kapchiy" title="ケチュア語: Simi kapchiy" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simi kapchiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ケチュア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura" title="ロマ語: Literatura" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Literatura" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="ロマ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatur%25C4%2583" title="ルーマニア語: Literatură" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Literatură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ルーマニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatur%25C3%25A2" title="アルーマニア語: Literaturâ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Literaturâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="アルーマニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="ロシア語: Литература" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литература" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="ルシン語: Література" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Література" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ルシン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuvanganzo" title="キニアルワンダ語: Ubuvanganzo" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuvanganzo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="キニアルワンダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B6%25E1%25B1%25A6%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25AB" title="サンターリー語: ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="サンターリー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littiratura" title="シチリア語: Littiratura" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Littiratura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="シチリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeteratur" title="スコットランド語: Leeteratur" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leeteratur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="スコットランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8" title="シンド語: ادب" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ادب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="シンド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%25C5%25BEevnost" title="セルボ・クロアチア語: Književnost" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Književnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="セルボ・クロアチア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taskla" title="タシルハイト語: Taskla" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taskla" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="タシルハイト語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2584%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="シンハラ語: සාහිත්‍යය" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සාහිත්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="シンハラ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" title="シンプル英語: Literature" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Literature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="シンプル英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literat%25C3%25BAra" title="スロバキア語: Literatúra" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Literatúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="スロバキア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8" title="Saraiki: ادب" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ادب" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knji%25C5%25BEevnost" title="スロベニア語: Književnost" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Književnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="スロベニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvaranomwe" title="ショナ語: Uvaranomwe" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uvaranomwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ショナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suugaan" title="ソマリ語: Suugaan" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Suugaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ソマリ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%25C3%25ABrsia" title="アルバニア語: Letërsia" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Letërsia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="アルバニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%259A%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582" title="セルビア語: Књижевност" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Књижевност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="セルビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugge_Literatuur" title="ザーターフリジア語: Flugge Literatuur" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Flugge Literatuur" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ザーターフリジア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra" title="スンダ語: Sastra" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sastra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="スンダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteratur" title="スウェーデン語: Litteratur" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litteratur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="スウェーデン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasihi" title="スワヒリ語: Fasihi" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fasihi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="スワヒリ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="タミル語: இலக்கியம்" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலக்கியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="タミル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B9%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%2582" title="テルグ語: సాహిత్యం" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సాహిత్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="テルグ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2591%25D1%2582" title="タジク語: Адабиёт" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Адабиёт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="タジク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2593%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="タイ語: วรรณกรรม" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วรรณกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="タイ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edebi%25C3%25BDat" title="トルクメン語: Edebiýat" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Edebiýat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="トルクメン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panitikan" title="タガログ語: Panitikan" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panitikan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="タガログ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C6%258Fd%25C9%2599bijot" title="タリシュ語: Ədəbijot" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ədəbijot" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="タリシュ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edebiyat" title="トルコ語: Edebiyat" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edebiyat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="トルコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vutsari" title="ツォンガ語: Vutsari" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vutsari" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ツォンガ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D3%2598%25D0%25B4%25D3%2599%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2582" title="タタール語: Әдәбият" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әдәбият" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="タタール語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%2595%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D8%25A8%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="ウイグル語: ئەدەبىيات" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەدەبىيات" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ウイグル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="ウクライナ語: Література" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Література" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8" title="ウルドゥー語: ادب" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ادب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ウルドゥー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adabiyot" title="ウズベク語: Adabiyot" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adabiyot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ウズベク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581etaradura" title="ヴェネト語: Łetaradura" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łetaradura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ヴェネト語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatur" title="ヴェプス語: Literatur" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Literatur" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="ヴェプス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C4%2583n_h%25E1%25BB%258Dc" title="ベトナム語: Văn học" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ベトナム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literat" title="ヴォラピュク語: Literat" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Literat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ヴォラピュク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%25C3%25A8s-letes" title="ワロン語: Belès-letes" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Belès-letes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ワロン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panuratan" title="ワライ語: Panuratan" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panuratan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ワライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nj%25C3%25A0ngat" title="ウォロフ語: Njàngat" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Njàngat" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ウォロフ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="呉語: 文學" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="呉語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="メグレル語: ლიტერატურა" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიტერატურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="メグレル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8" title="イディッシュ語: ליטעראטור" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטעראטור" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="イディッシュ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADt%25C3%25ADr%25C3%25A9%25E1%25B9%25A3%25E1%25BB%258D%25CC%2580" title="ヨルバ語: Lítíréṣọ̀" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lítíréṣọ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ヨルバ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vwnzyoz" title="チワン語: Vwnzyoz" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vwnzyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="チワン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatuur" title="ゼーラント語: Literatuur" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Literatuur" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="ゼーラント語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="中国語: 文學" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="漢文: 文學" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="文學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="漢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25BBn-ha%25CC%258Dk" title="閩南語: Bûn-ha̍k" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%25B8" title="広東語: 文學" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="広東語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ja.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="20" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> 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