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href="#2000s_onwards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2000s onwards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s_onwards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Raw_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raw_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Raw materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raw_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics_and_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics_and_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics and features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics_and_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics and features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics_and_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Scale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Articulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Accessories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Types of packaging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Action_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Action_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Action features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Action_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Action figure</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84" title="شخصية عمل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شخصية عمل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action-Figur" title="Action-Figur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Action-Figur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figura_de_acci%C3%B3n" title="Figura de acción – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Figura de acción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agopupo" title="Agopupo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Agopupo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="اکشن فیگور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکشن فیگور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figurine_articul%C3%A9e" title="Figurine articulée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Figurine articulée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A1%EC%85%98_%ED%94%BC%EA%B2%A8" title="액션 피겨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="액션 피겨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figur_karakter" title="Figur karakter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Figur karakter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_figure" title="Action figure – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Action figure" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8" title="אקשן פיגר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקשן פיגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akci%C3%B3figura" title="Akciófigura – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Akciófigura" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patung_aksi" title="Patung aksi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Patung aksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actiefiguur" title="Actiefiguur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Actiefiguur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2" title="アクションフィギュア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アクションフィギュア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_figure" title="Action figure – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Action figure" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figurin%C4%83_de_ac%C8%9Biune" title="Figurină de acțiune – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Figurină de acțiune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экшен-фигурка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экшен-фигурка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_figure" title="Action figure – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Action figure" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actionfigur" title="Actionfigur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Actionfigur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksiyon_fig%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Aksiyon figürü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aksiyon figürü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BD-%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Екшн-фігурка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екшн-фігурка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אקציע פיגור – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אקציע פיגור" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8B%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%81%B6" title="可動人偶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="可動人偶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q343566#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Action figure</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldier_action_figures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Soldier_action_figures.jpg/200px-Soldier_action_figures.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Soldier_action_figures.jpg/300px-Soldier_action_figures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Soldier_action_figures.jpg/400px-Soldier_action_figures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="2314" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mattel "Heroes In Action" soldiers</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Model_figure" title="Model figure">Model figure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inventor(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">various</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Availability</th><td class="infobox-data">1964–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Materials</th><td class="infobox-data">usually plastic</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>action figure</b> is a poseable <a href="/wiki/Character_(arts)" title="Character (arts)">character</a> <a href="/wiki/Model_figure" title="Model figure">model figure</a> made most commonly of <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>, and often based upon characters from a <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Television program">television program</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fictional" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional">fictional</a> or <a href="/wiki/Historical" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical">historical</a>. These figures are usually <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketed</a> toward boys and adult collectors. The term was coined by <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a> in 1964 to market <a href="/wiki/G.I._Joe" title="G.I. Joe">G.I. Joe</a> to boys (while competitors called similar offerings <i>boy's dolls</i>). </p><p>According to a 2005 study in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, action figures which display traditional <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">masculine traits</a> primarily target boys.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most commonly marketed as a child's <a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">toy</a>, the action figure has gained widespread acceptance as <a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">collector item</a> for adults. In such a case, the item may be produced and designed on the assumption it will be bought solely for display as a <a href="/wiki/Collectible" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectible">collectible</a> and not played with like a child's toy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precursors">Precursors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:73px;max-width:73px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durero---Maniqu%C3%AD-20181002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Durero---Maniqu%C3%AD-20181002.jpg/71px-Durero---Maniqu%C3%AD-20181002.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Durero---Maniqu%C3%AD-20181002.jpg/107px-Durero---Maniqu%C3%AD-20181002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Durero---Maniqu%C3%AD-20181002.jpg/142px-Durero---Maniqu%C3%AD-20181002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="3099" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpy_dumpty_circus_ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Humpy_dumpty_circus_ad.jpg/113px-Humpy_dumpty_circus_ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Humpy_dumpty_circus_ad.jpg/170px-Humpy_dumpty_circus_ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Humpy_dumpty_circus_ad.jpg/226px-Humpy_dumpty_circus_ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>(Left)</b>: A clay mannequin created by <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>, circa 1525. <b>(Right)</b>: advertisement for the <i>Humpy Dumpty Circus</i> set of 1904</div></div></div></div> <p>Articulated <a href="/wiki/Doll" title="Doll">dolls</a> go back to at least 200 BCE, with articulated clay and wooden dolls of ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>. Many types of articulated figures date to the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, including the artists' <a href="/wiki/Mannequin" title="Mannequin">mannequin</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Japanese <i>ichimatsu</i> doll. The modern <a href="/wiki/Ball-jointed_doll" title="Ball-jointed doll">ball-jointed doll</a> was first created in Western Europe in the late 19th century. From the late 19th century through the early 20th century <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> manufacturers made <a href="/wiki/Bisque_doll" title="Bisque doll">bisque dolls</a> with strung bodies articulated with ball-joints made of <a href="/wiki/Composition_doll" title="Composition doll">composition</a>: a mix of pulp, sawdust, glue and similar materials.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These dolls could measure between 15 and 100 cm (6 and 39.5 in) and are now collectible antiques. </p><p>Besides the articulated doll, another important precursor to the action figure is the <a href="/wiki/Toy_soldier" title="Toy soldier">toy soldier</a>. Military figures have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs, and have appeared in many cultures and eras. <a href="/wiki/Tin_soldier" title="Tin soldier">Tin soldiers</a> were produced in Germany as early as the 1730s, by molding the metal between two pieces of slate. As industry and demand advanced, so did production methods, with <a href="/wiki/Hollow_casting" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollow casting">hollow casting</a> first being utilized in the 1890s<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">polyethylene</a> figures becoming common by the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The toy soldier market, ubiquitous thanks to its history and mass-production methods, would therefore become a natural home for the military-themed action figure. </p><p>One of the earliest toys to bear resemblance to modern action figures is <a href="/wiki/Schoenhut_doll" title="Schoenhut doll">Albert Schoenhut</a>'s "Humpy Dumpty Circus", released in 1904,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which featured articulated wooden figures interacting with various devices.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s–1970s"><span id="1960s.E2.80.931970s"></span>1960s–1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1960s–1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "action figure" was coined by <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a> in 1964, to market their <a href="/wiki/G.I._Joe" title="G.I. Joe">G.I. Joe</a> figure to boys who refused to play with <a href="/wiki/Doll" title="Doll">"dolls"</a>, a term primarily associated as a girl's toy. (A similar toy named <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hero_(figure)" title="Johnny Hero (figure)">Johnny Hero</a> was introduced by Rosko Industries for Sears in 1965, but was known as a "Boy's Doll" since the term action figure had not gained widespread usage at that point.) G.I. Joe was initially a military-themed 11.5-inch figure proposed by marketing and toy idea-man Stan Weston. It featured changeable clothes with various uniforms to suit different purposes. </p><p>In a move that would create global popularity for this type of toy, Hasbro also <a href="/wiki/Licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensing">licensed</a> the product to companies in other markets. These different licensees had a combination of uniforms and accessories that were usually identical to the ones manufactured for the US market by Hasbro, along with some sets that were unique to the local market. The Japanese had at least two examples where a Hasbro licensee also issued sublicenses for related products. For example, <a href="/wiki/Palitoy" title="Palitoy">Palitoy</a> (in the UK) issued a sublicense to <a href="/wiki/Tsukuda" title="Tsukuda">Tsukuda</a>, a company in Japan, to manufacture and sell Palitoy's <a href="/wiki/Action_Man" title="Action Man">Action Man</a> accessories in the Japanese market. <a href="/wiki/Takara" title="Takara">Takara</a> also issued a sublicense to Medicom for the manufacture of action figures. </p><p>Takara, still under license by Hasbro to make and sell G.I. Joe toys in Japan, also manufactured an action figure incorporating the licensed GI Joe torso for Henshin Cyborg-1, using transparent plastic revealing cyborg innards, and a chrome head and cyborg feet. During the oil supply crisis of the 1970s, like many other manufacturers of action figures, Takara was struggling with the costs associated with making the large <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch figures, So, a smaller version of the cyborg toy was developed, standing at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (95 mm) high, and was first sold in 1974 as <a href="/wiki/Microman" title="Microman">Microman</a>. The Microman line was also novel in its use of interchangeable parts. This laid the foundation for both the smaller action figure size and the transforming robot toy. Takara began producing characters in the Microman line with increasingly robotic features, including Robotman, a 12-inch (300 mm) robot with room for a Microman pilot, and Mini-Robotman, a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-inch (95 mm) version of Robotman. These toys also featured interchangeable parts, with emphasis placed on the transformation and combination of the characters. </p><p>In 1971, <a href="/wiki/Mego_Corporation" title="Mego Corporation">Mego</a> began licensing and making American <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel</a> and <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC</a> comic book superhero figures, which had highly successful sales and are considered highly collectible by many adults today. They eventually brought the Microman toy line to the United States as the <a href="/wiki/Micronauts" title="Micronauts">Micronauts</a>, but Mego eventually lost control of the market after losing the license to produce <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> toys to <a href="/wiki/Kenner" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenner">Kenner</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widespread success of <a href="/wiki/Kenner" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenner">Kenner</a>'s Star Wars <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-inch (95 mm) toy line made the newer, smaller size figure with molded-on clothing the industry standard. Instead of a single character with outfits that changed for different applications, toy lines included teams of characters with special functions. Led by Star Wars-themed sales, collectible action figures quickly became a multimillion-dollar secondary business for movie studios. </p><p>From 1972 to 1986 there was a famous line of <a href="/wiki/Big_Jim_(toy_line)" title="Big Jim (toy line)">Big Jim</a> action figures produced by <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s–1990s"><span id="1980s.E2.80.931990s"></span>1980s–1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980s–1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1980s spawned all sorts of popular action figure lines, many based on cartoon series, which were one of the largest marketing tools for toy companies. Some of the most successful to come about were <a href="/wiki/Masters_of_the_Universe" title="Masters of the Universe">Masters of the Universe</a>, <a href="/wiki/G.I._Joe" title="G.I. Joe">G.I. Joe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thundercats" class="mw-redirect" title="Thundercats">Thundercats</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Ghostbusters" title="The Real Ghostbusters">The Real Ghostbusters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_Powers_Collection" title="Super Powers Collection">Super Powers Collection</a>, to name just a few. Early in the decade, the burgeoning popularity of Japanese robot <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gundam" title="Gundam">Gundam</a></i> also encouraged <a href="/wiki/Takara" title="Takara">Takara</a> to reinvent the <a href="/wiki/Microman" title="Microman">Microman</a> line as the Micro Robots, moving from the <a href="/wiki/Cyborg" title="Cyborg">cyborg</a> action figure concept to the concept of the living robot. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Micro_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Change">Micro Change</a> line of toys: objects that could "transform" into robots. In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a> licensed Micro Change and another <a href="/wiki/Takara" title="Takara">Takara</a> line, the <a href="/wiki/Diaclone" title="Diaclone">Diaclone</a> transforming cars, and combined them in the US as the <a href="/wiki/Transformers:_Generation_1" title="Transformers: Generation 1">Transformers</a>, spawning a still-continuing family of animated cartoons. </p><p>As the '80s were ending, more and more collectors started to surface, buying up the toys to keep in their original packaging for display purposes and for future collectability. This led to flooding of the action figure toy market. One of the most popular action figure lines of the late 1980s and early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_action_figures" title="Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figures">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figures</a> were produced in such high quantities that the value for most figures would never be higher than a few dollars. In the mid-1990s, a new Star Wars figure line had surfaced and <a href="/wiki/Spawn_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (comics)">Spawn</a> figures flooded the toy store shelves, proving action figures were not just for kids anymore. <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_Figures" title="Corinthian Figures">Corinthian Figures</a> of <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> players were popular in England during this time. Beginning in 1997, <i><a href="/wiki/ToyFare" title="ToyFare">ToyFare</a></i> magazine would become a popular read for mature collectors in providing news and embracing <a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">nostalgia</a> with a comedic twist. And with the gaining popularity of the Internet, websites such as Toy News International would soon offer information on upcoming collectible figures and <a href="/wiki/Merchandise" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchandise">merchandise</a>. </p><p>It was during this time that popular characters were increasingly getting specialized costume and variant figures. <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a> quickly became most notorious for this (i.e. Arctic Batman, Piranha Blade Batman, Neon Armor Batman). Rather than individual characters, these variants would make up the bulk of many action figure lines and often make use of the old figure and accessory molds. Glow-in-the-dark figures and accessories also became popular in the early '90s with lines like <a href="/wiki/Toxic_Crusaders" title="Toxic Crusaders">Toxic Crusaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing" title="Swamp Thing">Swamp Thing</a>. </p><p>A 1999 study found that "the figures have grown much more muscular over time, with many contemporary figures far exceeding the muscularity of even the largest human <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilder" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodybuilder">bodybuilders</a>" and that the changing cultural expectations reflected by those changes may contribute to <a href="/wiki/Body_image" title="Body image">body image</a> disorders in both sexes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s_onwards">2000s onwards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000s onwards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Action_figure" title="Special:EditPage/Action figure">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Stanley_Action_Figur3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Paul_Stanley_Action_Figur3.jpg/150px-Paul_Stanley_Action_Figur3.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Paul_Stanley_Action_Figur3.jpg/225px-Paul_Stanley_Action_Figur3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Paul_Stanley_Action_Figur3.jpg/300px-Paul_Stanley_Action_Figur3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Stanley" title="Paul Stanley">Paul Stanley</a> action figure made by <a href="/wiki/McFarlane_Toys" title="McFarlane Toys">McFarlane Toys</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The adult collector market for action figures expanded with companies such as <a href="/wiki/McFarlane_Toys" title="McFarlane Toys">McFarlane Toys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palisades_Toys" title="Palisades Toys">Palisades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Entertainment_Collectibles_Association" title="National Entertainment Collectibles Association">NECA</a>. These companies have given numerous movie characters, musicians, and athletes their very first highly detailed figures. The <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fear" title="Cinema of Fear">Cinema of Fear</a> action figures were sold together with plush dolls, "screen grab" dioramas, and limited edition toys based on <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>'s horror franchise. These kinds of action figure are mainly intended as statuesque display pieces rather than toys. Child-oriented lines such as the <a href="/wiki/He-Man_and_the_Masters_of_the_Universe_(2002)" class="mw-redirect" title="He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2002)">Masters of the Universe revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justice_League_Unlimited" title="Justice League Unlimited">Justice League Unlimited</a>, however, still evoke adult collector followings as well. Comic book firms are also able to get figures of their characters produced, regardless of whether or not they appeared in movies or animated cartoons. Examples of companies that produce comic figures and merchandise almost exclusively include <a href="/wiki/Toy_Biz" title="Toy Biz">Toy Biz</a> and <a href="/wiki/DC_Direct" title="DC Direct">DC Direct</a>. </p><p>Adult-oriented figure lines are often exclusive to specific chain stores rather than mass retail. Popular lines often have figures available exclusively through <a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">mail-in</a> offers and <a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">comic conventions</a>, which raises their value significantly. Ploys such as packaging "errors" and "short-packed" figures have also been used by toy companies to increase collector interest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raw_materials">Raw materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Raw materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Action_figure" title="Special:EditPage/Action figure">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Modelling_clay" title="Modelling clay">Modelling clay</a> and various sculpting tools are used to create the prototype. The actual figure is molded from a harder plastic resin such as <a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene" title="Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene">acrylonitrile butadiene styrene</a> (ABS). Softer plastics and <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> may be used for costume components including body suits, capes, and face masks. <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_paint" title="Acrylic paint">Acrylic paints</a> of various colors may be used to decorate the figure. More elaborate toys may contain miniature <a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">electronic components</a> that provide light and sound effects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Designs">Designs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akihabara_August_2014_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Akihabara_August_2014_09.JPG/220px-Akihabara_August_2014_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Akihabara_August_2014_09.JPG/330px-Akihabara_August_2014_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Akihabara_August_2014_09.JPG/440px-Akihabara_August_2014_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Display case in Japan featuring typical <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>/<a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> action figures and figurines</figcaption></figure> <p>Once the character has been selected, the actual design process begins with sketches of the proposed figure. The next step is the creation of a clay prototype, but other materials such as wax can also be used for the prototype. This model is made by bending aluminum wires to form the backbone of the figure, known as an armature. The wire form includes the outline of the arms and legs posed in the general stance that the figure will assume. The sculptor then adds clay to the armature to give the basic weight and shape that is desired. The clay may be baked slightly during the prototyping process to harden it. Then, the sculptor uses various tools, such as a wire loop, to carve the clay and shape details on the figure. </p><p>After creating the basic form, the sculptor may choose to remove the arms and work on them separately for later attachment. This gives the sculptor more control and allows him to produce finer details on the prototype. Working with blunt tools, the sculptor shapes the body with as much detail as is desired. During this process, photo and sketch references are used to ensure the figure is as realistic as possible. Some sculptors may even use human models to guide their design work. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ExpoBatman20220917_ohs33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ExpoBatman20220917_ohs33.jpg/220px-ExpoBatman20220917_ohs33.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ExpoBatman20220917_ohs33.jpg/330px-ExpoBatman20220917_ohs33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/ExpoBatman20220917_ohs33.jpg/440px-ExpoBatman20220917_ohs33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Several DC Comics superheroes action figures exhibited in Mexico City</figcaption></figure> <p>After the general body shape is complete, the sculptor adds the finer details, paying close attention to the eyes, nose, and mouth that give the figure its lifelike expression. The designer may attach a rough lump of clay on the main figure as a temporary head while the real head is sculpted on a separate armature. This allows the sculptor to finish the figure's facial expressions independently of the body. At this point, the finished head can be attached to the main armature and joined to the body with additional clay. Once the head is attached, the neck and hair are sculpted to properly fit to the figure. Then, depending on the design of the figure, the costume may be sculpted directly onto the body. However, if a cloth costume or uniform will be added later, the prototype is sculpted without any costume details. During this process, parts of the clay may be covered with aluminum foil to keep it from prematurely drying out. Once everything is completed, the entire figure is baked to harden the clay. </p><p>The sculpted prototype is then sent for approval to the manufacturer. Once all design details have been finalized, the prototype is used to make the molds that will form the plastic pieces for the mass-produced figure. The entire sculpting process may take about two weeks, depending on the skill and speed of the sculptor. This process may be repeated several times if revisions must be made to the figure. Several months are typically allowed for this design phase.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics_and_features">Characteristics and features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Characteristics and features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scale">Scale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Action Figures come in fixed scales to allow compatibility within (and sometimes between) toy ranges. </p> <table style="clear:both" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ratio</th> <th>Inches per foot</th> <th>Size</th> <th>Examples<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1:32</td> <td>0.375" [9.5 mm]</td> <td>2.125" [54 mm]</td> <td>2.12-inch HASBRO <i>Star Wars: Unleashed</i> toy soldiers and <a href="/wiki/Britains" title="Britains">Wm.Britain Ltd.</a> plastic figures, farm animals and vehicles. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:30</td> <td>0.4" [10.16 mm]</td> <td>2.36" [60 mm]</td> <td>Used for detailed metal toy soldiers (King & Country, BlackHawk, Wm.Britain). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:24</td> <td>0.5" [12.7 mm]</td> <td>2.5" [63.5 mm]</td> <td>2.5-inch mini Action Figures (Hasbro's <a href="/wiki/Playskool" title="Playskool">Playskool</a> and <i>Star Wars: Galactic Heroes</i>). Also called <i>1/2-inch scale</i> for children's dollhouses. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1:18_scale" title="1:18 scale">1:18</a></td> <td>0.67" [16.93 mm]</td> <td>3.75" [95.25 mm]</td> <td>3.75-inch action figures (Kenner <a href="/wiki/Kenner_Star_Wars_action_figures" title="Kenner Star Wars action figures"><i>Star Wars</i></a>, Hasbro <i><a href="/wiki/G.I._Joe:_A_Real_American_Hero" title="G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero">G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero</a></i>, Mattel <i>Jurassic World</i>). Also called <i>2/3-inch scale</i> for children's dollhouses. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:16</td> <td>0.75" [19.05 mm]</td> <td>4" [101.6 mm]</td> <td>4-inch action figures. Also used for most plastic toy animal figures and <a href="/wiki/Ertl_Company" title="Ertl Company">Ertl</a>'s toy farm sets (animals, structures, and most vehicles). The Hasbro 3.75-inch <i>G.I. Joe</i> figures' vehicles are closer to this scale. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:15</td> <td>0.8" [20.32 mm]</td> <td>5" [127 mm]</td> <td>5-inch action figures (Kenner <i>Jurassic Park</i>, Bandai <i><a href="/wiki/Power_Rangers" title="Power Rangers">Power Rangers</a></i>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:12</td> <td>1" [25.40 mm]</td> <td>6" [152.4 mm]</td> <td>6-inch action figures (Toy Biz <i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Legends" title="Marvel Legends">Marvel Legends</a></i>, Hasbro <i>Marvel Cinematic Universe</i>, Playmates <i>Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i>, and <a href="/wiki/DC_Direct" title="DC Direct">DC Direct</a> <i>Action Figures</i>). Also used for "Classic scale" model horses and called <i>1-inch scale</i> for dollhouses. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:10</td> <td>1.2" [30.48 mm]</td> <td>7" [177.8 mm]</td> <td>7-inch action figures (Mattel <a href="/wiki/Masters_of_the_Universe" title="Masters of the Universe">"classic scale" <i>He Man and the Masters of the Universe</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_(toyline)" title="DC Universe (toyline)"><i>DC Universe</i></a> and most <a href="/wiki/National_Entertainment_Collectibles_Association" title="National Entertainment Collectibles Association">NECA Figures</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:9</td> <td>1.33" [33.87 mm]</td> <td>8" [203.2 mm]</td> <td>8-inch action figures and dolls (<a href="/wiki/Mego_Corporation" title="Mego Corporation">Mego</a> <a href="/wiki/Mego_Corporation#World's_Greatest_Super_Heroes!" title="Mego Corporation"><i>World's Greatest Super Heroes</i></a>). Also used for "Traditional scale" model horses. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:6</td> <td>2" [50.80 mm]</td> <td>12" [304.8 mm]</td> <td>12-inch Articulated figures - Action Figures like <a href="/wiki/G.I._Joe" title="G.I. Joe">Hasbro "classic scale" G.I. Joe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Models_Limited" title="Dragon Models Limited">Dragon Models</a> <i>New Generation Life Action Figures</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Hot_Toys" title="Hot Toys">Hot Toys</a> <i>Movie Masterpiece Series</i>. <a href="/wiki/Fashion_doll" title="Fashion doll">Fashion dolls</a> like Mattel's <a href="/wiki/Barbie" title="Barbie">Barbie</a> or Volks' <a href="/wiki/Dollfie" title="Dollfie">Dollfie</a>. Also used for static display <a href="/wiki/Model_figure" title="Model figure">figures</a> (commonly of <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> characters). </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:4</td> <td>3" [76.20 mm]</td> <td>18" [457 mm]</td> <td>18-inch highly detailed larger action figures and <a href="/wiki/Fashion_doll" title="Fashion doll">fashion dolls</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1:3</td> <td>4" [101.60 mm]</td> <td>24" [609.6 mm]</td> <td>24-inch highly articulated large <a href="/wiki/Ball-jointed_doll" title="Ball-jointed doll">ball-jointed</a> fashion dolls (Volks <a href="/wiki/Super_Dollfie" title="Super Dollfie">Super Dollfie</a>). </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articulation">Articulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Articulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fashion_action_figure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fashion_action_figure.jpg/150px-Fashion_action_figure.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fashion_action_figure.jpg/225px-Fashion_action_figure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fashion_action_figure.jpg/300px-Fashion_action_figure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="2003" /></a><figcaption>A fashion doll figure with articulated parts</figcaption></figure> <p>A common feature among action figures is body articulation, often referred to as points of articulation (POA)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or joints. The most basic forms of articulation include one neck joint, two shoulder joints, and two hip joints. Beyond these, rotating wrists, bending knees, and a swiveling waist are also common. Various terms have come into practice such as a "cut" joint, frequently used to allow a basic head rotation at the neck or arm rotation at the shoulder. The "T" joint at a figure's hips commonly allows up to 180° of front-to-back leg rotation; although, this may vary. Ball joints often allow more liberal movement than a cut, such as the figure's head being able to tilt in addition to a cut's strict vertical rotation. Basic knee articulation often relies on what is considered a pin joint.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount and style of figure articulation used by toy designers have varied over the years. Two of the most popular figure lines of the 1980s, <i><a href="/wiki/G.I._Joe:_A_Real_American_Hero" title="G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero">G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Masters_of_the_Universe" title="Masters of the Universe">Masters of the Universe</a></i>, contrasted one another greatly in articulation; the former included several points in their small, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-inch (95 mm) scale while the bulkier latter remained minimal. Both, however, used methods involving rubber cords at the hips that are little used today. In the 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Toy_Biz" title="Toy Biz">Toy Biz</a>'s popular <i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Legends" title="Marvel Legends">Marvel Legends</a></i> line became known for its high rate of articulation, even boasting points at the abdomen, toes, and fingers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessories">Accessories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While not all action figures include accessories, the additional items often prove essential to characters and their effectiveness as interactive toys. Typical <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-inch (95 mm) scale G.I. Joe figures include several intricately sculpted guns or hand weapons that can be fastened inside the figures' hands. Missile launchers are also commonplace in military and comic book figure lines and usually involve a spring-loaded mechanism. However, possibly due to safety concerns, this method saw a decline in the mid-1990s. Some figures, particularly of the <a href="/wiki/Joker_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker (comics)">Joker</a>, have incorporated water-squirting weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, Marvel Legends has popularized the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Legends#Build-A-Figure" title="Marvel Legends">"build-a-figure"</a> concept. Each figure of a particular series includes a body part to a larger-scaled figure. This encourages the consumer to purchase every figure of the given series, in order to complete the larger figure. The concept has spread into Mattel's <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_Classics" title="DC Universe Classics">DC Universe Classics</a>. Figures intended to appeal to the collector market commonly include a display base<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and/or pack-in comic book. In such cases accessories may be designed more for display than play. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_packaging">Types of packaging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Types of packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Action_figure" title="Special:EditPage/Action figure">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Manufacturers have packaged their action figures in a number of ways. </p><p><b>Window Box packaging</b> Window box packages consist of a sturdy, but somewhat thin cardboard box that allows for easy stacking. The box has colorful artwork to draw one's attention. The front of the box will have an area of the cardboard that is cut out and a thin piece of soft plastic then fills the cutout area. This ensures easy visibility of the action figure inside of the box. This type of packaging was used by companies such as <a href="/wiki/Mego_Corporation" title="Mego Corporation">Mego Corporation</a> in the early 1970s until they switched to the Carded Bubble style of packaging in the mid to late 1970s. Window Box packaging is still used today, often for figures that measure 10" or taller in height. </p><p><b>Carded Bubble packaging</b> This type of packaging consists of a sturdy piece of thin cardboard backing known as a "Card." The card is decorated with colorful artwork to draw consumer attention. The action figure is placed on the card and a bubble of clear plastic is then laid over the top of the action figure and attached to the card. The figure is then clearly visible to consumers. Often the bubble will have several small, fitted compartments to hold the figure and its accessories in place. <a href="/wiki/Kenner" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenner">Kenner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a>'s packaging of Star Wars action figures since 1977 are an example. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> packaging</b> A more recent type of packaging that is common as of the 2000s decade is PVC packaging. With this type of packaging, the cardboard card is replaced by a clear <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> plastic backing. The front of the package is a different piece of <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> plastic that is molded to include a bubble that will house the action figure and all of its accessories. Any colorful artwork designed to help draw attention to the package will be printed on a thin piece of paper that is placed between these two pieces of <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>, or will be affixed in sticker form to the front piece of <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>. This type of packaging is popular today and can be seen being used by <a href="/wiki/McFarlane_Toys" title="McFarlane Toys">McFarlane Toys</a> for their <a href="/wiki/Movie_Maniacs" title="Movie Maniacs">Movie Maniacs</a> line of action figures beginning with Series V. Other companies that utilize this type of packaging are NECA/Reel Toys (<a href="/wiki/National_Entertainment_Collectibles_Association" title="National Entertainment Collectibles Association">National Entertainment Collectibles Association</a>) with their Cult Classics and <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean" title="Pirates of the Caribbean">Pirates of the Caribbean</a> line of figures, and <a href="/wiki/Toy_Biz" title="Toy Biz">Toy Biz</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Legends" title="Marvel Legends">Marvel Legends</a> action figures, which included a comic book placed between the two <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> segments. </p><p><b>Tube packaging</b> Another recent type of <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> packaging is a tube-shaped piece of PVC plastic surrounding the action figure. The tube may be cylindrical or oval in shape. Artwork on the package is often in the form of a sticker affixed to the outside of the PVC tube. This type of packaging has been used by <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a> for their <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> Galactic Heroes line of figures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Action_features">Action features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Action features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Figures of the original Masters of the Universe line included many unique "action features": Battle Armor He-Man and <a href="/wiki/Skeletor" title="Skeletor">Skeletor</a> had rotating chest plates to represent varying degrees of damage;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leech_(Masters_of_the_Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leech (Masters of the Universe)">Leech</a> featured <a href="/wiki/Suction_cup" title="Suction cup">suction cup</a> limbs; <a href="/wiki/Mantenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantenna">Mantenna</a>'s eyes would pop out using a lever on his back; and Thunder Punch <a href="/wiki/He-Man" title="He-Man">He-Man</a> would thrust a punch and emit a loud bang from the <a href="/wiki/Cap_gun" title="Cap gun">ring cap</a> in his backpack. Other features emphasized aesthetic rather than action, such as the <a href="/wiki/Flocking_(texture)" title="Flocking (texture)">flocked</a> bodies of <a href="/wiki/Grizzlor" class="mw-redirect" title="Grizzlor">Grizzlor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moss_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Moss Man">Moss Man</a> as well as the unique scents of the latter and <a href="/wiki/Stinkor" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinkor">Stinkor</a>. </p><p>The success of the many <a href="/wiki/Transformers_(toy_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transformers (toy line)">Transformers</a> lines has relied heavily on their signature feature of shifting from vehicle to robot. The popularity of this carried into <a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_(action_figures)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (action figures)">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</a>' Mutatin' series among others. </p><p>In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> introduced figures for the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Power_and_the_Soldiers_of_the_Future" title="Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future">Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future</a></i>. The line boasted an <a href="/wiki/Interactive_television" title="Interactive television">interactive game</a> where children could shoot at the TV screen. However, while an ambitious concept, it was not a long-term success. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Phosphorescence" title="Phosphorescence">Glow-in-the-dark paint</a> and plastic have been utilized in various figure collections, particularly those of the early '90s including Ninja Turtles, <a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing" title="Swamp Thing">Swamp Thing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toxic_Crusaders" title="Toxic Crusaders">Toxic Crusaders</a>. Similarly, a color-changing feature has been demonstrated on some figures throughout the years. This concept involves dipping the character's head into cold water and revealing a <a href="/wiki/Thermochromism" title="Thermochromism">temperature-sensitive</a> paint. Examples include Kenner's Sky Escape <a href="/wiki/Joker_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker (comics)">Joker</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Camouflage Swamp Thing, as well as Hasbro's Desert-Camo <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Savage" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgt. Savage">Sgt. Savage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of figures in <a href="/wiki/Kenner" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenner">Kenner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Super_Powers_Collection" title="Super Powers Collection">Super Powers Collection</a> toted a punching action upon the squeezing together of their legs.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a more technically advanced method, the Ninja Turtles' Wacky Action series involved a wind-up gear that caused the <a href="/wiki/Wind-up_toy" title="Wind-up toy">motorized performance</a> of certain actions like swimming legs or a rotating wrist.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years prior also saw the release of <a href="/wiki/Tyco_Toys" title="Tyco Toys">Tyco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dino-Riders" title="Dino-Riders">Dino-Riders</a>, which featured battery powered, motorized dinosaurs.<sup id="cite_ref-praise_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-praise-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Toy_Biz,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Toy Biz, Inc. v. United States">Toy Biz v. United States</a></i> (2003), which determined that action figures of certain <a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">superheroes</a> are legally toys, not dolls</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_doll" title="Celebrity doll">Celebrity doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_doll" title="Fashion doll">Fashion doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figma_(toy)" title="Figma (toy)">Figma</a>, a line of highly articulated action figures produced by Max Factory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_toy" title="Stuffed toy">stuffed toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobblehead" title="Bobblehead">bobblehead</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_figure&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNelson2005" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson, Anders (2005). "Children's Toy Collections in Sweden—A Less Gender-Typed Country?". <i>Sex Roles</i>. <b>52</b> (1/2): 93–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11199-005-1196-5">10.1007/s11199-005-1196-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84177673">84177673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Roles&rft.atitle=Children%27s+Toy+Collections+in+Sweden%E2%80%94A+Less+Gender-Typed+Country%3F&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=93-102&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11199-005-1196-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84177673%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+figure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarjorie_Shelley2016" class="citation web cs1">Marjorie Shelley (21 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2016/mannequins-as-tool-of-the-artist-workshop/">"Mannequins: A Tool of the Artist's Workshop"</a>. <i>Metropolitan Museum of Art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Mannequins%3A+A+Tool+of+the+Artist%27s+Workshop&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft.au=Marjorie+Shelley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fblogs%2Fnow-at-the-met%2F2016%2Fmannequins-as-tool-of-the-artist-workshop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+figure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216001057/http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingglossary/g/composition.htm?rd=1">"Glossary of Doll Collecting Terms -- Composition"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingglossary/g/composition.htm?rd=1">the original</a> on 16 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Doll+Collecting+Terms+--+Composition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollectdolls.about.com%2Fod%2Fdollcollectingglossary%2Fg%2Fcomposition.htm%3Frd%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+figure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hants.gov.uk/museum/toys/history/toy_soldiers.html">Hampshire Museums Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614232918/http://www.hants.gov.uk/museum/toys/history/toy_soldiers.html">Archived</a> 14 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on August 25th, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheil, T., and Sheil, A., eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thortrains.net/armymen/armymen3.htm">Army Men</a>. 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Retrieved on 5-07-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mwctoys.com/REVIEW_041309a.htm">Star Trek action figures</a> MWCToys.com (2009). Retrieved on 5-03-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mwctoys.com/REVIEW_042909b.htm">Terminator: Salvations T-600 and Marcus action figures</a> MWCToys.com (2009). 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Retrieved on 5-03-09</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toyotter.com/sp/history.html">History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413201048/http://toyotter.com/sp/history.html">Archived</a> 13 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ToyOtter.com. Retrieved on 5-07-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ninjaturtles.com/toys/1990/washredder.htm">Slice 'N Dice Shredder</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090801221421/http://www.ninjaturtles.com/toys/1990/washredder.htm">Archived</a> 1 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NinjaTurtles.com. 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_toys" title="Art toys">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_toys_and_games" title="Boys' toys and games">Boys'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_set" title="Construction set">Construction set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doll" title="Doll">Doll</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Action figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobblehead" title="Bobblehead">bobblehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbal-banging_monkey_toy" title="Cymbal-banging monkey toy">Cymbal-banging monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet" title="Puppet">Puppet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_toy" title="Stuffed toy">Stuffed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_toy" title="Educational toy">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_game" title="Electronic game">Electronic game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidget_toy" title="Fidget toy">Fidget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_toys_and_games" title="Girls' toys and games">Girls'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_gun" title="Toy gun">Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_toy" title="Mechanical toy">Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_car" title="Model car">Model car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_toy" title="Office toy">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_toys" title="Optical toys">Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">Scale model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_skill_toys" title="List of skill toys">Skill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_advertising" title="Toy advertising">Toy advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Industry_Hall_of_Fame" title="Toy Industry Hall of Fame">Toy Industry Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Toy_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Toy Hall of Fame">National Toy Hall of Fame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Toy_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="American International Toy Fair">American International Toy Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Association" title="Toy Association">Toy Industry Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_toys" title="List of toys">List of toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wooden_toys" title="List of wooden toys">List of wooden toys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Toys" title="Category:Toys">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Toys" title="Portal:Toys">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scale_modelling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scale_models" title="Template:Scale models"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scale_models" title="Template talk:Scale models"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scale_models" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scale models"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scale_modelling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">Scale modelling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_aircraft" title="Model aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_car" title="Model car">Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_construction_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Model construction vehicle">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorama" title="Diorama">Diorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollhouse" title="Dollhouse">Dollhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_figure" title="Model figure">Figure</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_horse" title="Model horse">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_military_vehicle" title="Model military vehicle">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_robot" title="Model robot">Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_rocket" title="Model rocket">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_model" title="Ship model">Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling" title="Rail transport modelling">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_wargaming" title="Miniature wargaming">Wargaming</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_Scale_Model.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Aircraft_Scale_Model.svg/96px-Aircraft_Scale_Model.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Aircraft_Scale_Model.svg/144px-Aircraft_Scale_Model.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Aircraft_Scale_Model.svg/192px-Aircraft_Scale_Model.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_model" title="Brass model">Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die-cast_toy" title="Die-cast toy">Diecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchstick_model" title="Matchstick model">Matchstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic model">Plastic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1:12_scale" title="1:12 scale">1:12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:18_scale" title="1:18 scale">1:18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:18_scale_diecast" title="1:18 scale diecast">1:18 diecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:24_scale" title="1:24 scale">1:24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:32_scale" title="1:32 scale">1:32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:35_scale" title="1:35 scale">1:35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:43_scale" title="1:43 scale">1:43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:48_scale" title="1:48 scale">1:48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:50_scale" title="1:50 scale">1:50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:64_scale" title="1:64 scale">1:64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:72_scale" title="1:72 scale">1:72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:144_scale" title="1:144 scale">1:144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:200_scale" title="1:200 scale">1:200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:285_scale" title="1:285 scale">1:285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:350_scale" title="1:350 scale">1:350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:500_scale" title="1:500 scale">1:500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:700_scale" title="1:700 scale">1:700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway"><b>Standard gauge railway scales</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_gauge" title="T gauge">T gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_scale" title="Z scale">Z scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N_scale" title="N scale">N scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TT_scale" title="TT scale">TT scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HO_scale" title="HO scale">HO scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OO_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="OO scale">OO scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protofour" title="Protofour">Protofour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_scale" title="S scale">S scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_scale" title="G scale">G scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_scale" title="O scale">O scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="1 scale">1 scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway"><b>Narrow gauge railway scales</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H0e_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="H0e scale">H0e scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H0m_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="H0m scale">H0m scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn15" title="Gn15">Gn15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On2_gauge" title="On2 gauge">On2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_mm_scale" title="16 mm scale">16 mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_scale_(model_railroading)" title="V scale (model railroading)">V scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scale_model_kit_manufacturers" title="List of scale model kit manufacturers">List of brands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_model_aircraft_manufacturers" title="List of model aircraft manufacturers">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_model_car_brands" title="List of model car brands">Cars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundam_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundam model">Gundam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitbashing" title="Kitbashing">Kitbashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_art" title="Miniature art">Miniature art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_model_(gaming)" title="Miniature model (gaming)">Miniature model</a></li> 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