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Catalina de la Cerda y Sandoval | Real Academia de la Historia

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about="/biografias/136891/catalina-de-la-cerda-y-sandoval" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Cerda y Sandoval, Catalina de la</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">. <em>Condesa consorte de Lemos (VII); Catalina de la Concepción.</em><i> </i>Cigales (Valladolid), 17.IX.1580 – Monforte de Lemos (Lugo), 14.III.1648. Virreina de Nápoles.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hija del hombre más poderoso durante la mayor parte del reinado de Felipe III, Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas, V marqués de Denia y I duque de Lerma, Catalina de la Cerda y Sandoval nació en Cigales (Valladolid) en 1580. Su madre fue Catalina de la Cerda, hija de los IV duques de Medinaceli, quien ejerció como Camarera Mayor de la reina Margarita de Austria desde 1599 hasta su fallecimiento, en 1603. Según uno de sus biógrafos, Catalina de la Cerda y Sandoval sentía adoración por su padre, el duque de Lerma, de quien había heredado su temperamento voluntarioso, tenaz, generoso y sentimental; cualidades a las que se sumaban su inteligencia, piedad e interés por las cuestiones políticas, si bien las fuentes han dejado escasas huellas de este último aspecto.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">El 6 de noviembre de 1598 la hija del privado de Felipe III contrajo matrimonio con su primo hermano, Pedro Fernández de Castro, famoso por sus aficiones literarias y por desarrollar un intenso mecenazgo artístico. Pedro era hijo de una de las hermanas del duque de Lerma, Catalina de Zúñiga y Sandoval, y del VI conde de Lemos, Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal. Esta unión –que no tuvo descendencia– consolidó la estrecha relación que Pedro mantendría con su suegro, cuya órbita de influencia le permitiría desempeñar algunos de los oficios de mayor relevancia en el gobierno de la Monarquía, entre los cuales destacaría el de virrey de Nápoles, cargo que anteriormente (entre 1599 y 1601) había ejercido su padre. Así, en 1610, los VII condes de Lemos se desplazaron a la capital del reino en el que permanecerían hasta 1616. Durante estos años, Catalina desempeñó el cargo de virreina acompañando a su marido en sus viajes por las ciudades italianas, y participando activamente en las fiestas y procesiones que se celebraban, además de llevar a cabo fundaciones religiosas entre las que destacó la construcción del colegio y la iglesia de San Francesco Saverio. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">En 1616 los condes de Lemos regresaron a Madrid, pues el marido de Catalina había sido designado presidente del Consejo de Italia, cénit de su influencia política, oficio que compaginó con su nombramiento como gentilhombre del príncipe Felipe. Fue en este período cuando se estaba configurando la Casa de Isabel de Borbón –flamante esposa del príncipe Felipe– como Princesa de Asturias, y se barajó el nombre de Catalina como posible Camarera Mayor. A pesar de que tanto su padre como su tía y suegra apoyaban este nombramiento, finalmente esta opción no prosperaría a consecuencia de la oposición mostrada por su hermano mayor, el duque de Uceda. La caída en desgracia del padre de Catalina y el cambio en las estrategias políticas derivado del ascenso de su hermano el duque de Uceda junto al confesor Aliaga, frenaron la prometedora carrera política de su marido, a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por Catalina de Zúñiga y Sandoval porque su hijo no se viese afectado por estas coyunturas adversas. Como consecuencia de estos cambios, en 1618, los VII condes de Lemos abandonaron voluntariamente la Corte para trasladarse a sus posesiones en Monforte. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Una vez en tierras gallegas, Catalina y su marido llevaron a cabo la fundación de un convento de monjas clarisas en 1622, con algunas de las monjas procedentes del convento de Lerma, y de cuya decoración se encargaría Catalina mediante la adquisición de pinturas, esculturas y tapicerías, parte de las cuales procedían de la península italiana, y otras habían sido propiedad del duque de Lerma. Unos meses después, el conde de Lemos viajó a Madrid tras recibir la noticia del delicado estado de salud en el que se encontraba su madre. Desafortunadamente, sería en este viaje en el que el VII conde contrajo una enfermedad de la que fallecería el 19 de octubre de 1622. Cuando Catalina recibió dicha noticia se trasladó a Madrid para ocuparse de la gestión del patrimonio de su marido y de sus propias rentas –algunas de ellas obtenidas en Nápoles–, actividad que continuaría desarrollando hasta su muerte. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">A finales de 1629 Catalina regresó a Monforte, instalándose en una casa adjunta al convento de clarisas que ella misma había fundado, en el que ingresó el 28 de agosto de 1634 adoptando el nombre de Catalina de la Concepción. Allí permanecería hasta su muerte, acaecida el 14 de marzo de 1648. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Fuentes y bibl.: J. Raneo, <i>Libro donde se trata de los virreyes lugartenientes del reino de Nápoles y de las cosas tocantes a su grandeza</i>, parte I, Madrid, 1634; A. Parrino, <i>Teatro eroico di governi de Vicere del Regno di Napoli</i>, Napoli, 1692; M. C. de San Francisco, </span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Memoria sobre la vida de la fundadora del convento de Franciscanas Descalzas de la ciudad de Monforte y monja del mismo, Excma. Señora Doña Catalina de la Cerda y Sandoval</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, Lugo, 1896; </span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">M. Hermida Balado, <i>La condesa de Lemos y la corte de Felipe III</i>, Monforte de Lemos, 1948; </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">B. J. García García, <i>La Pax Hispanica: política exterior del duque de Lerma</i>,<i> </i>Leuven, Leuven University Press, 1996; M. Sánchez, <i>The Empress, the Queen, and the Nun. </i></span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Women and power at the Court of Philip III of Spain</span></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998; A. Feros, <i>El Duque de Lerma. </i></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Realeza y privanza en la España de Felipe III</span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia, 2002; </span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">I. Enciso Alonso-Muñumer, <i>Nobleza, Poder y Mecenazgo en tiempos de Felipe III. Nápoles y el conde de Lemos</i>,<i> </i>San Sebastián de los Reyes (Madrid), Actas, 2007; </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">P. Williams, <i>El Gran Valido. El duque de Lerma, la Corte y el gobierno de Felipe III, 1598-1621</i>, Valladolid, Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2010; </span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">D. Carrió-Invernizzi, “Le viceregine di Napoli nel secolo XVIIˮ y M. Sáez González, “Catalina de la Cerda y Sandoval, VII contessa di Lemos. </span></span><span lang="IT" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="IT"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Società, politica e religioneˮ, en M. Mafrici (ed.), <i>Alla corte napoletana. Donne e potere dall'età aragonese al viceregno austriaco (1442-1734)</i>, </span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Napoli, Fridericiana Editrice Universitaria, 2012,</span></span><span lang="IT" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="IT"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> págs.</span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> 59-80 y </span></span><span lang="IT" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="IT"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">137-154, respect.; </span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">V. Favarò, <i>Gobernar con prudencia. Los Lemos, estrategias familiares y servicio al Rey (siglo XVII)</i>, Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2016; </span></span><span lang="IT" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="IT"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">M. Sáez González, “Hija de valido, esposa de virrey y monja clarisa. </span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:12.0pt" xml:lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">El retiro de doña Catalina de la Cerda en Monforte de Lemos, 1629-1648ˮ, en R. Valladares (coord.), <i>Hijos e hijas de validos: familia, género y política en la España del siglo XVII</i>,<i> </i></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Valencia, Albatros, 2018, págs. 61-75.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Alejandra Franganillo Álvarez</span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body 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