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respiratory</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: respiratory"> <meta name="keywords" content="respiratory"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="respiratory"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 585</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: respiratory</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">585</span> Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) by PCR Technique in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in Babylon City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Raqib%20Shameran">Amal Raqib Shameran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanim%20Aboud%20Al-Mola"> Ghanim Aboud Al-Mola </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the major pathogens of respiratory tract infections (RTI) among infants and children in the world. They are classified in family Paramyxoviridae and sub-family Pneumovirinae. The current work aimed to detect the role of RSV in the lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Hilla, Iraq. The samples were collected from 50 children who were admitted to hospital suffering from lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). 50 nasal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from patients at the period from January 2010 till April 2011, hospitalized in Hilla Maternity and Children Hospital. The results showed that the proportion of children infected with hRSV accounted for 24% 12/50 with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) when they tested by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus" title="respiratory syncytial virus">respiratory syncytial virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20tract%20infections" title=" respiratory tract infections"> respiratory tract infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infants" title=" infants"> infants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20%28PCR%29" title=" polymerase chain reaction (PCR)"> polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12973/detection-of-respiratory-syncytial-virus-hrsv-by-pcr-technique-in-lower-respiratory-tract-infection-lrti-in-babylon-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">584</span> Respiratory Indices and Sports Performance: A Comparision between Different Levels Basketballers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjan%20Chakravarty">Ranjan Chakravarty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satpal%20Yadav"> Satpal Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswajit%20Basumatary"> Biswajit Basumatary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20S.%20Sajwan"> Arvind S. Sajwan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to compare the basketball players of different level on selected respiratory indices. Ninety male basketball players from different universities those who participated in intercollegiate and inter- varsity championship. Selected respiratory indices were resting pulse rate, resting blood pressure, vital capacity and resting respiratory rate. Mean and standard deviation of selected respiratory indices were calculated and three different levels i.e. beginners, intermediate and advanced were compared by using analysis of variance. In order to test the hypothesis, level of significance was set at 0.05. It was concluded that variability does not exist among the basketball players of different groups with respect to their selected respiratory indices i.e. resting pulse rate, resting blood pressure, vital capacity and resting respiratory rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20indices" title="respiratory indices">respiratory indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20performance" title=" sports performance"> sports performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basketball%20players" title=" basketball players"> basketball players</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervarsity%20level" title=" intervarsity level"> intervarsity level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44887/respiratory-indices-and-sports-performance-a-comparision-between-different-levels-basketballers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">583</span> Acute Asthma in Emergency Department, Prevalence of Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Symptoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Refaat">Sherif Refaat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Aref"> Hassan Aref</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Although asthma is a well-identified presentation to the emergency department, little is known about the frequency and percentage of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms in patients with acute asthma in the emergency department (ED). Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between acute asthma exacerbation and different respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms including chest pain encountered by patients visiting the emergency department. Subjects and methods: Prospective study included 169 (97 females and 72 males) asthmatic patients who were admitted to emergency department of two tertiary care facility hospitals for asthma exacerbation from the period of September 2010 to August 2013, an anonyms questionnaire was used to collect symptoms and analysis of symptoms. Results: Females were 97 (57%) of the patients, mean age was 35.6 years; dyspnea on exertion was the commonest symptom accounting for 161 (95.2%) of patients, followed by dyspnea at rest 155 (91.7%), wheezing in 152 (89.9%), chest pain was present in 82 patients (48.5%), the pain was burning in 36 (43.9%) of the total patients with chest pain. Non-respiratory symptoms were seen frequently in acute asthma in ED. Conclusions: Dyspnea was the commonest chest symptoms encountered in patients with acute asthma followed by wheezing. Chest pain in acute asthma is a common symptom and should be fully studied to exclude misdiagnosis as of cardiac origin; there is a need for a better dissemination of knowledge about this disease association with chest pain. It was also noted that other non-respiratory symptoms are frequently encountered with acute asthma in emergency department. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title="asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title=" emergency department"> emergency department</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20symptoms" title=" respiratory symptoms"> respiratory symptoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20respiratory%20system" title=" non respiratory system "> non respiratory system </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23631/acute-asthma-in-emergency-department-prevalence-of-respiratory-and-non-respiratory-symptoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">582</span> Epidemiological Profile of Acute Respiratory Infections Hospitalized in Infants and Children Under 15 Years of Age, Hospital Immaculée, Cayes, Haiti, 2019-2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edna%20Ariste">Edna Ariste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Standy%20Coqmar"> Richard Standy Coqmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Acute respiratory infections are a major public health problem in the world, mainly in vulnerable populations such as newborns, children under five years of age, and the elderly. The objective of this study was to Characterize the cases of acute respiratory infections in infants and under 15 years old hospitalized at the Immaculée Conception Hospital in Cayes from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on the epidemiology profile of acute respiratory infections hospitalized in the pediatric ward at Immaculée Conception Hospital in Les Cayes from January 2019 to December 2021. The study population consisted of all newborns, infants, and children under 15 years of age diagnosed with respiratory infections at the pediatric service. Data were collected from the hospitalization registers and patient records of this unit. A database was created and used for data collection. Excel and Epi info 7.2 were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 588 cases were identified during the 2019-2021 year. 43.5% (256) were female, and 56.5% (332) were male. The average age was 4, 3. The most affected age group was 1-4 years. The male/female sex ratio was 1.2. The most frequent respiratory infections were respectively pneumonia 44.9%, bronchitis 16.5%, and respiratory distress 10.5%. The mortality rate recorded during this period was 4.4%. Conclusion: Acute respiratory infections are more frequent in young children. It is, therefore, necessary to practice hand hygiene. Reinforce the surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20infections" title="acute respiratory infections">acute respiratory infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatrics" title=" pediatrics"> pediatrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cayes" title=" cayes"> cayes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haiti" title=" haiti"> haiti</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160216/epidemiological-profile-of-acute-respiratory-infections-hospitalized-in-infants-and-children-under-15-years-of-age-hospital-immaculee-cayes-haiti-2019-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">581</span> Evaluation of Computed Tomographic Anatomy of Respiratory System in Caspian Pond Turtle (Mauremys caspica)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saghar%20Karimi">Saghar Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saeed%20Ahrari%20Khafi"> Mohammad Saeed Ahrari Khafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Abolhasani%20Foroughi"> Amin Abolhasani Foroughi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, keeping exotic species as pet animals has become widespread. Turtles are exotic species from chelonians, which are interested by many people. Caspian pond and European pond turtles from Emydidea family are commonly kept as pets in Iran. Presence of the shell in turtles makes achievement to a comprehensive clinical examination impossible. Respiratory system is one of the most important structures to be examined completely. Presence of the air in the respiratory system makes radiography the first modality to think of; however, image quality would be affected by the shell. Computed tomography (CT) as a radiography-based and non-invasive technique provides cross-sectional scans with little superimposition. The aim of this study was to depict normal computed tomographic anatomy of the respiratory system in Caspian Pond Turtle. Five adult Caspian pond turtle were scanned using a 16-detector CT machine. Our results showed that computed tomography is able to well illustrated different parts of respiratory system in turtle and can be used for detecting abnormalities and disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomy" title="anatomy">anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20system" title=" respiratory system"> respiratory system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turtle" title=" turtle"> turtle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97439/evaluation-of-computed-tomographic-anatomy-of-respiratory-system-in-caspian-pond-turtle-mauremys-caspica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">580</span> Ethnobotanical Study of Spontaneous Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Viral Respiratory Diseases in the Prerif, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Amane%20Salma">El Amane Salma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahou%20Abdelilah"> Rahou Abdelilah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viral respiratory infections (common cold, flu, sinusitis, bronchiolitis, etc.) are among the most common infections in the world with severe symptoms. In Morocco, as everywhere in the world, especially in developing countries, the therapeutic indications of medicinal plants are very present to treat several diseases, including the respiratory system. The objective of our study is to identify and document medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat viral respiratory infections and alleviate their symptoms in order to generate interest for future studies in verifying the efficacy of these traditional medicines and their conservation. The information acquired from 81 questionnaires and the floristic identification allowed us to identify 19 spontaneous species belonging to 11 families, used as traditional therapies for viral respiratory diseases in the Prerif. The herbs are the most used life form. The results also showed that leaves were the most commonly used plant parts and most of the herbal medicines were prepared in the form of infusions and administered orally. Documented data was evaluated using use value (UV), family importance value (FIV) and relative frequency citation (RCF). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnobotanical" title=" ethnobotanical"> ethnobotanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnopharmacological" title=" ethnopharmacological"> ethnopharmacological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20respiratory%20diseases" title=" viral respiratory diseases"> viral respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142327/ethnobotanical-study-of-spontaneous-medicinal-plants-used-in-the-treatment-of-viral-respiratory-diseases-in-the-prerif-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">579</span> Extra-Pulmonary Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in a Healthy 25-Year-Old Female: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minna%20Chang">Minna Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: M. pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen, which commonly causes upper and lower respiratory infections. It primarily affects children and young adults. Respiratory symptoms are well recognized, but extrapulmonary involvement is also common. Other systems that have been implicated in the disease include: skin, mucus membranes, central, peripheral nervous systems, cardiovascular, haematological, renal, and musculoskeletal systems. Here, we report a case of an otherwise healthy, young female with M. pneumonia, who presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Case presentation: a healthy 25-year-old female was referred to A&E by her general practitioner, after presenting with fever, malaise, and right upper quadrant pain. M. pneumoniae was confirmed retrospectively by serology. The patient made a full recovery after a six-day course of doxycycline 100mg. Conclusion: M. pneumonia is a well-established cause of respiratory infections in children and young adults. Febrile illness with multisystem involvement, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms, should raise suspicion of M. pneumoniae infection in healthy, young adults. Our case illustrates the multi-system involvement of M. pneumoniae, which was initially missed, due to paucity of respiratory symptoms at presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20diseases" title="infectious diseases">infectious diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycoplasma%20pneumoniae" title=" mycoplasma pneumoniae"> mycoplasma pneumoniae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20infections" title=" respiratory infections"> respiratory infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extra-pulmonary%20manifestations" title=" extra-pulmonary manifestations"> extra-pulmonary manifestations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128786/extra-pulmonary-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection-in-a-healthy-25-year-old-female-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">578</span> Particulate Pollution and Its Effect on Respiratory Symptoms of Exposed Personnel's in Three Heavy Traffic Cities (Roads), Kathmandu, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujen%20Man%20Shrestha">Sujen Man Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20Thapa"> Kanchan Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tista%20Prasai%20Joshi"> Tista Prasai Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The present study was carried out to determine suspended particles and respirable particles of diameter less than 1 micrometers (PM1) on road side and some distance of outside from road; and to compare the respiratory symptoms between traffic police men and shop keepers directly 'exposed' to traffic fumes and office worker stay in 'protected' enclosed environment. Methods: Semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data among case and control after getting verbal informed consent among the convenience sample of traffic police, shopkeepers and officials in three different locations in Kathmandu. Secondary data analysis of hospital data of three hospitals of Kathmandu was also performed. The data on air Particulate Matter was taken by Haz Dust. Results: The result showed air quality of road side traffic is unhealthy and there was increasing trends of respiratory illness in hospital outpatient department (OPD). The people who were exposed found to have more risk of developing respiratory diseases symptoms. Conclusions: The study concluded that air pollution level is strong contributing factor for respiratory diseases and further recommended strong, epidemiological studies with larger sample size, less bias, and also measuring other significant physical and chemicals parameters of air pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20traffic%20cities" title="heavy traffic cities">heavy traffic cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathmandu" title=" Kathmandu"> Kathmandu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20pollution" title=" particulate pollution"> particulate pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20symptoms" title=" respiratory symptoms"> respiratory symptoms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24072/particulate-pollution-and-its-effect-on-respiratory-symptoms-of-exposed-personnels-in-three-heavy-traffic-cities-roads-kathmandu-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">577</span> Childhood Respiratory Diseases Related to Indoor and Outdoor Air Temperature in Shanghai, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanjuan%20Sun">Chanjuan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shijie%20Hong"> Shijie Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jialing%20Zhang"> Jialing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchao%20Guo"> Yuchao Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Zou"> Zhijun Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Huang"> Chen Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Studies on associations between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases are lack in China. Objectives: We aim to analyze the relationship between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases. Methods: We conducted the on-site inspection into 454 residences and questionnaires survey. Indoor air temperature were from field inspection and outdoor air temperature were from website. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations. Results: Indoor extreme hot air temperature was positively correlated with duration of a common cold (>=2 weeks), and outdoor extreme hot air temperature was also positively related with pneumonia among children. Indoor and outdoor extreme cold air temperature was a risk factor for rhinitis among children. The biggest indoor air temperature difference (indoor maximum air temperature minus indoor minimum air temperature) (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) and outdoor air temperature difference (outdoor maximum air temperature minus outdoor minimum air temperature) (Omax minus Omin) (the 4th quartile, >8oC) were positively related to pneumonia among children. Meanwhile, indoor air temperature difference (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) was positively correlated with diagnosed asthma among children. Air temperature difference between indoor and outdoor was negatively related with the most childhood respiratory diseases. This may be partly related to the avoidance behavior. Conclusions: Improper air temperature may affect the respiratory diseases among children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature" title="air temperature">air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20air%20temperature" title=" extreme air temperature"> extreme air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature%20difference" title=" air temperature difference"> air temperature difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20diseases" title=" respiratory diseases"> respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913/childhood-respiratory-diseases-related-to-indoor-and-outdoor-air-temperature-in-shanghai-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">576</span> Physiological Responses of the Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Male) X Clarias gariepinus (Female) Hybrid (Heteroclarias) Fingerlings to Different Temperature Levels under Laboratory Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Ayanwale">A. V. Ayanwale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Tsadu"> S. M. Tsadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20L.%20Lamai"> S. L. Lamai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20J.%20Kolo"> R. J. Kolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20I.%20Auta"> Y. I. Auta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Z.%20Mohammed"> A. Z. Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A twelve weeks experiment was carried out on Heteroclarias freshwater hybrid fish fingerlings under laboratory conditions to study the effects of different temperature levels, 26.91 (control), 28.00, 30.00, 32.00°C respectively and their physiological responses to oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and opercular respiratory beats were evaluated. The oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and opercular respiratory beats were determined weekly based on standard procedures. The findings revealed that the oxygen consumption of Heteroclarias hybrid fingerlings significantly (p<0.05) increased with increase in temperature. The ammonia excretion were not significantly different (p>0.05) in all the temperature levels. The opercular respiratory beats per minutes showed similar trend in weeks 1,2,4 and 8 but indicated significantly higher (p<0.05) opercular respiratory beats (range= 117.10±2.26 at 30oC to 142.75±3.04 opercular beat at 32oC in week 8) at highest tested temperature levels. However, there was a decreasing trend in the opercular respiratory beats per minute of the controlled fingerlings. Generally, the opercular respiratory beats per minute decreased with increase in fish size. The findings of this study confirmed that increase in water temperature affects the physiology of Heteroclarias hybrid and hence for effective rearing and for profit making, it is essential for the hybrid to be cultured in the temperature range between 26.91°C (control) and 28.00°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heteroclarias" title="heteroclarias">heteroclarias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiological%20responses" title=" physiological responses"> physiological responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32614/physiological-responses-of-the-heterobranchus-bidorsalis-male-x-clarias-gariepinus-female-hybrid-heteroclarias-fingerlings-to-different-temperature-levels-under-laboratory-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">575</span> Histopathological Examination of Lung Surgery Camel in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Chitgar">Ali Chitgar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory infections including diseases in camels are important not only because of the threat of animal health but also to reduce their production. Since that deal with respiratory problems and their treatment requires adequate knowledge of the existing respiratory problems, unfortunately, there is limited information about the species of camels. This study aimed to identify lung lesions camels slaughtered in a slaughterhouse more important was performed using histopathology. Respiratory camels (n = 477) was examined after the killing fully and tissue samples were placed in 10% formalin. The samples and histological sections using hematoxylin and eosin staining and color were evaluated. In this study 79.6 % (236 of 477 samples) of the samples was at least a lung lesion. Rate acute interstitial pneumonia, chronic interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiolitis, an inflammation of the pleura and 52.8 % respectively atelectasis (236 of 477 samples), 5.4 % (24 of 477 samples), 7.8 % (35 of 477 samples), 6.7 % (30 of 477 samples), 3.4 % (15 of 477 samples) and 15.2% (68 of 477 samples). The lung lesions, acute interstitial pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in autumn winter rather than spring and summer (p <0/05) and as a result, this study showed that high rates of lung lesions in the camel population. Waste higher results in cold seasons (fall and winter) shows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title="camel">camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breathing%20organ" title=" breathing organ"> breathing organ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55173/histopathological-examination-of-lung-surgery-camel-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">574</span> Air Pollution and Respiratory-Related Restricted Activity Days in Tunisia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Kouki%20In%C3%A8s%20Rekik">Mokhtar Kouki Inès Rekik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the assessment of the air pollution and morbidity relationship in Tunisia. Air pollution is measured by ozone air concentration and the morbidity is measured by the number of respiratory-related restricted activity days during the 2-week period prior to the interview. Socioeconomic data are also collected in order to adjust for any confounding covariates. Our sample is composed by 407 Tunisian respondents; 44.7% are women, the average age is 35.2, near 69% are living in a house built after the 1980, and 27.8% have reported at least one day of respiratory-related restricted activity. The model consists on the regression of the number of respiratory-related restricted activity days on the air quality measure and the socioeconomic covariates. In order to correct for zero-inflation and heterogeneity, we estimate several models (Poisson, Negative binomial, Zero inflated Poisson, Poisson hurdle, Negative binomial hurdle and finite mixture Poisson models). Bootstrapping and post-stratification techniques are used in order to correct for any sample bias. According to the Akaike information criteria, the hurdle negative binomial model has the greatest goodness of fit. The main result indicates that, after adjusting for socioeconomic data, the ozone concentration increases the probability of positive number of restricted activity days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bootstrapping" title="bootstrapping">bootstrapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hurdle%20negbin%20model" title=" hurdle negbin model"> hurdle negbin model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overdispersion" title=" overdispersion"> overdispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone%20concentration" title=" ozone concentration"> ozone concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory-related%20restricted%20activity%20days" title=" respiratory-related restricted activity days"> respiratory-related restricted activity days</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15278/air-pollution-and-respiratory-related-restricted-activity-days-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">573</span> Relative Importance of Contact Constructs to Acute Respiratory Illness in General Population in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kin%20On%20Kwok">Kin On Kwok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20Wei"> Vivian Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Cowling"> Benjamin Cowling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Riley"> Steven Riley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Read"> Jonathan Read</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The role of social contact behavior measured in different contact constructs in the transmission of respiratory pathogens with acute respiratory illness (ARI) remains unclear. We, therefore, aim to depict the individual pattern of ARI in the community and investigate the association between different contact dimensions and ARI in Hong Kong. Methods: Between June 2013 and September 2013, 620 subjects participated in the last two waves of recruitment of the population based longitudinal phone social contact survey. Some of the subjects in this study are from the same household. They are also provided with the symptom diaries to self-report any acute respiratory illness related symptoms between the two days of phone recruitment. Data from 491 individuals who were not infected on the day of phone recruitment and returned the symptom diaries after the last phone recruitment were used for analysis. Results: After adjusting different follow-up periods among individuals, the overall incidence rate of ARI was 1.77 per 100 person-weeks. Over 75% ARI episodes involve running nose, cough, sore throat, which are followed by headache (55%), malagia (35%) and fever (18%). Using a generalized estimating equation framework accounting for the cluster effect of subjects living in the same household, we showed that both daily number of locations visited with contacts and the number of contacts, explained the ARI incidence rate better than only one single contact construct. Conclusion: Our result suggests that it is the intertwining property of contact quantity (number of contacts) and contact intensity (ratio of subject-to-contact) that governs the infection risk by a collective set of respiratory pathogens. Our results provide empirical evidence that multiple contact constructs should be incorporated in the mathematical transmission models to feature a more realistic dynamics of respiratory disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20illness" title="acute respiratory illness">acute respiratory illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20study" title=" longitudinal study"> longitudinal study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20contact" title=" social contact"> social contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symptom%20diaries" title=" symptom diaries"> symptom diaries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72746/relative-importance-of-contact-constructs-to-acute-respiratory-illness-in-general-population-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">572</span> Study for a Non-Invasive Method of Respiratory Resistance Measurement among Patients with Airways Obstructions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Laouani">Aicha Laouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20Calabrese"> Pascale Calabrese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Rouatbi"> Sonia Rouatbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Saguem"> Saad Saguem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distances between signals (S d) and between asters (A d) calculated from respiratory inductive plethysmography signals has been used in order to evaluation airways resistances (Raw) during reversibility test among 28 subject with airways obstructions. Correlations studies between these distances and Raw measured by body plethysmography (BP) showed that these RIP variables could be potentially used in airway resistance assessment in patients with airway obstruction. Significant correlation was found between ΔAd and airway resistance changes (ΔRaw) (r= 0.407, p=0.03) and not between ΔSd and ΔRaw. This assumption was supported by the high correlations found when relating the average of ΔS and of ΔA calculated on successive intervals of ΔRaw, with the ΔRaw averages calculated for each interval (r= 0.892, p= 0.006 and r= 0.857, p=0.006 respectively). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airways%20obstruction" title="airways obstruction">airways obstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distances" title=" distances"> distances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20inductive%20plethysmography" title=" respiratory inductive plethysmography"> respiratory inductive plethysmography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversibility%20test" title=" reversibility test "> reversibility test </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11007/study-for-a-non-invasive-method-of-respiratory-resistance-measurement-among-patients-with-airways-obstructions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">571</span> Airway Resistance Evaluation by Respiratory İnductive Plethysmography in Subjects with Airway Obstructions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Laouani">Aicha Laouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Rouatbi"> Sonia Rouatbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20%20Saguem"> Saad Saguem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gila%20Benchetrit"> Gila Benchetrit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20calabrese"> Pascale calabrese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new approach based on respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) signal analysis has been used for bronchoconstriction changes evaluation in 50 healthy controls and in 44 adults with moderate bronchial obstruction treated with a bronchodilatation protocol. Thoracic and abdominal motions were recorded ( 5 min) by RIP. For each recording the thoracoabdominal signals were analysed and a mean distance (D) was calculated. Airway resistance (Raw) and spirometric data were measured with a body plethysmograph. The results showed that both D and Raw were higher in subjects compared to the healthy group. Significant decreases of D and Raw were also observed after bronchodilatation in the obstructive group. There was also a positive and a significant correlation between D and Raw in subjects before and after bronchodilatation. This D calculated from RIP Signals could be used as a non invasive tool for continuous monitoring of bronchoconstriction changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20resistance" title="airway resistance">airway resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchoconstriction" title=" bronchoconstriction"> bronchoconstriction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thorax" title=" thorax"> thorax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20inductive%20plethysmography" title=" respiratory inductive plethysmography"> respiratory inductive plethysmography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40110/airway-resistance-evaluation-by-respiratory-inductive-plethysmography-in-subjects-with-airway-obstructions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">570</span> Numerical Simulation on Airflow Structure in the Human Upper Respiratory Tract Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuguo%20Zhao">Xiuguo Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xudong%20Ren"> Xudong Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Su"> Chen Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinxi%20Xu"> Xinxi Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fu%20Niu"> Fu Niu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingshuai%20Meng"> Lingshuai Meng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The respiratory diseases such as asthma, emphysema and bronchitis are connected with the air pollution and the number of these diseases tends to increase, which may attribute to the toxic aerosol deposition in human upper respiratory tract or in the bifurcation of human lung. The therapy of these diseases mostly uses pharmaceuticals in the form of aerosol delivered into the human upper respiratory tract or the lung. Understanding of airflow structures in human upper respiratory tract plays a very important role in the analysis of the “filtering” effect in the pharynx/larynx and for obtaining correct air-particle inlet conditions to the lung. However, numerical simulation based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology has its own advantage on studying airflow structure in human upper respiratory tract. In this paper, a representative human upper respiratory tract is built and the CFD technology was used to investigate the air movement characteristic in the human upper respiratory tract. The airflow movement characteristic, the effect of the airflow movement on the shear stress distribution and the probability of the wall injury caused by the shear stress are discussed. Experimentally validated computational fluid-aerosol dynamics results showed the following: the phenomenon of airflow separation appears near the outer wall of the pharynx and the trachea. The high velocity zone is created near the inner wall of the trachea. The airflow splits at the divider and a new boundary layer is generated at the inner wall of the downstream from the bifurcation with the high velocity near the inner wall of the trachea. The maximum velocity appears at the exterior of the boundary layer. The secondary swirls and axial velocity distribution result in the high shear stress acting on the inner wall of the trachea and bifurcation, finally lead to the inner wall injury. The enhancement of breathing intensity enhances the intensity of the shear stress acting on the inner wall of the trachea and the bifurcation. If human keep the high breathing intensity for long time, not only the ability for the transportation and regulation of the gas through the trachea and the bifurcation fall, but also result in the increase of the probability of the wall strain and tissue injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow%20structure" title="airflow structure">airflow structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20upper%20respiratory%20tract" title=" human upper respiratory tract"> human upper respiratory tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62549/numerical-simulation-on-airflow-structure-in-the-human-upper-respiratory-tract-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">569</span> Mathematical Modelling of Human Cardiovascular-Respiratory System Response to Exercise in Rwanda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Marie%20Ntaganda">Jean Marie Ntaganda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Froduald%20Minani"> Froduald Minani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wellars%20Banzi"> Wellars Banzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydie%20Mpinganzima"> Lydie Mpinganzima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japhet%20Niyobuhungiro"> Japhet Niyobuhungiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Bosco%20Gahutu"> Jean Bosco Gahutu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Dusabejambo"> Vincent Dusabejambo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immaculate%20Kambutse"> Immaculate Kambutse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a nonlinear dynamic model for the interactive mechanism of the cardiovascular and respiratory system. The model is designed and analyzed for human during physical exercises. In order to verify the adequacy of the designed model, data collected in Rwanda are used for validation. We have simulated the impact of heart rate and alveolar ventilation as controls of cardiovascular and respiratory system respectively to steady state response of the main cardiovascular hemodynamic quantities i.e., systemic arterial and venous blood pressures, arterial oxygen partial pressure and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, to the stabilised values of controls. We used data collected in Rwanda for both male and female during physical activities. We obtained a good agreement with physiological data in the literature. The model may represent an important tool to improve the understanding of exercise physiology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title="exercise">exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%2Frespiratory" title=" cardiovascular/respiratory"> cardiovascular/respiratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodynamic%20quantities" title=" hemodynamic quantities"> hemodynamic quantities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sportsmen%20in%20Rwanda" title=" sportsmen in Rwanda"> sportsmen in Rwanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92998/mathematical-modelling-of-human-cardiovascular-respiratory-system-response-to-exercise-in-rwanda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">568</span> Extracorporeal Co2 Removal (Ecco2r): An Option for Treatment for Refractory Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweh%20Fern%20Loo">Shweh Fern Loo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Yin%20Ong"> Jun Yin Ong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Than%20Zaw%20Oo"> Than Zaw Oo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common serious condition of bilateral lung infiltrates that develops secondary to various underlying conditions such as diseases or injuries. ARDS with severe hypercapnia is associated with higher ICU mortality and morbidity. Venovenous Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) support has been established to avert life-threatening hypoxemia and hypercapnic respiratory failure despite optimal conventional mechanical ventilation. However, VV-ECMO is relatively not advisable in particular groups of patients, especially in multi-organ failure, advanced age, hemorrhagic complications and irreversible central nervous system pathology. We presented a case of a 79-year-old Chinese lady without any pre-existing lung disease admitted to our hospital intensive care unit (ICU) after acute presentation of breathlessness and chest pain. After extensive workup, she was diagnosed with rapidly progressing acute interstitial pneumonia with ARDS and hypercapnia respiratory failure. The patient received lung protective strategies of mechanical ventilation and neuromuscular blockage therapy as per clinical guidelines. However, hypercapnia respiratory failure was refractory, and she was deemed not a good candidate for VV-ECMO support given her advanced age and high vasopressor requirements from shock. Alternative therapy with extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) was considered and implemented. The patient received 12 days of ECCO2R paired with muscle paralysis, optimization of lung-protective mechanical ventilation and dialysis. Unfortunately, the patient still had refractory hypercapnic respiratory failure with dual vasopressor support despite prolonged therapy. Given failed and futile medical treatment, the family opted for withdrawal of care, a conservative approach, and comfort care, which led to her demise. The effectivity of extracorporeal CO2 removal may depend on disease burden, involvement and severity of the disease. There is insufficient data to make strong recommendations about its benefit-risk ratio for ECCO2R devices, and further studies and data would be required. Nonetheless, ECCO2R can be considered an alternative treatment for refractory hypercapnic respiratory failure patients who are unsuitable for initiating venovenous ECMO. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracorporeal%20CO2%20removal%20%28ECCO2R%29" title="extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R)">extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome%20%28ARDS%29" title=" acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)"> acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20interstitial%20pneumonia%20%28AIP%29" title=" acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)"> acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypercapnic%20respiratory%20failure" title=" hypercapnic respiratory failure"> hypercapnic respiratory failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173465/extracorporeal-co2-removal-ecco2r-an-option-for-treatment-for-refractory-hypercapnic-respiratory-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">567</span> A Data-Driven Platform for Studying the Liquid Plug Splitting Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Atefi">Ehsan Atefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Grigware"> Michael Grigware</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory failure secondary to surfactant deficiency resulting from respiratory distress syndrome is considered one major cause of morbidity in preterm infants. Surfactant replacement treatment (SRT) is considered an effective treatment for this disease. Here, we introduce an AI-mediated approach for estimating the distribution of surfactant in the lung airway of a newborn infant during SRT. Our approach implements machine learning to precisely estimate the splitting ratio of a liquid drop during bifurcation at different injection velocities and patient orientations. This technique can be used to calculate the surfactant residue remaining on the airway wall during the surfactant injection process. Our model works by minimizing the pressure drop difference between the two airway branches at each generation, subject to mass and momentum conservation. Our platform can be used to generate feedback for immediately adjusting the velocity of injection and patient orientation during SRT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20failure" title="respiratory failure">respiratory failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20deficiency" title=" surfactant deficiency"> surfactant deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20replacement" title=" surfactant replacement"> surfactant replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157123/a-data-driven-platform-for-studying-the-liquid-plug-splitting-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">566</span> Prone Positioning and Clinical Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Salah%20Abdullah%20Ismail">Maha Salah Abdullah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20M.%20Alsagheir"> Mahmoud M. Alsagheir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salah%20Abd%20Allah"> Mohammed Salah Abd Allah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by permeability pulmonary edema and refractory hypoxemia. Lung-protective ventilation is still the key of better outcome in ARDS. Prone position reduces the trans-pulmonary pressure gradient, recruiting collapsed regions of the lung without increasing airway pressure or hyperinflation. Prone ventilation showed improved oxygenation and improved outcomes in severe hypoxemic patients with ARDS. This study evaluates the effect of prone positioning on mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS. A quasi-experimental design was carried out at Critical Care Units, on 60 patients. Two tools were utilized to collect data; Socio demographic, medical and clinical outcomes data sheet. Results of the present study indicated that prone position improves oxygenation in patients with severe respiratory distress syndrome. The study recommended that use prone position in patients with severe ARDS, as early as possible and for long sessions. Also, replication of this study on larger probability sample at the different geographical location is highly recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome" title="acute respiratory distress syndrome">acute respiratory distress syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20care" title=" critical care"> critical care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20ventilation" title=" mechanical ventilation"> mechanical ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prone%20position" title=" prone position"> prone position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29401/prone-positioning-and-clinical-outcomes-of-mechanically-ventilated-patients-with-severe-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">565</span> Tracheal Stenting to Relieve Respiratory Distress in Patient with Advanced Esophageal Malignancy and Its Anaesthetic Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarti%20Agarwal">Aarti Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajmal%20Khan"> Ajmal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objective: Breathing difficulty is most distressing symptom for the patient and their caregivers providing palliative care to individuals with advanced malignancy. It needs to be tackled effectively and sometimes preemptively to provide relief from respiratory obstruction. Interventional procedures like tracheal stenting are becoming increasingly popular as a part of palliation for respiratory symptoms. We present a case of esophageal tumor earlier stented by Gastroenterologist to maintain esophageal patency, but the tumor outgrew to produce tracheal infiltration and thereby causing airway obstruction. Method and Result: 62-year-old man presented with unresectable Carcinoma oesophagus with inability to swallow. A metallic stent was placed by the gastroenterologist, to maintain esophageal patency and enable patient to swallow. Two months later, the patient returned to hospital in emergency with respiratory distress. CT neck and thorax revealed tumor infiltration through posterior tracheal wall. Lower extent of the tumor was till 1 cm above the carina. Airway stenting with Tracheo bronchial stent with Y configuration was planned under general anaesthesia with airway blocks. Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block, Glossopharyngeal block and Trans tracheal infiltration of local anaesthetics were performed. The patient was sedated with Fentanyl, Midazolam and propofol infusion but was breathing spontaneously. Once the rigid bronchoscope was placed inside trachea, breathing was supported with oxygen and sevoflurane. Initially, the trachea was cleared of tumor by coring. After creating space, tracheal stent was positioned and deployed. After stent placement patient was awakened, suctioned and nebulized. His respiratory stridor relieved instantaneously and was shifted to recovery. Conclusion: Airway blocks help in decreasing the incidence and severity of coughing during airway instrumentation thereby help in proper stent placement. They also reduce the requirement of general anaesthetics and hasten the post stenting recovery. Airway stent provided immediate relief to patient from symptoms of respiratory difficulty. Decision for early tracheal stenting may be taken for a select group of patients with high propensity for local spread, thereby avoiding respiratory complications and providing better quality of life in patients with inoperable malignancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracheal%20stent" title="tracheal stent">tracheal stent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20difficulty" title=" respiratory difficulty"> respiratory difficulty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophageal%20tumor" title=" esophageal tumor"> esophageal tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaesthetic%20management" title=" anaesthetic management"> anaesthetic management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79121/tracheal-stenting-to-relieve-respiratory-distress-in-patient-with-advanced-esophageal-malignancy-and-its-anaesthetic-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">564</span> Respiratory Bioaerosol Dynamics: Impact of Salinity on Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhil%20Teja%20Kambhampati">Akhil Teja Kambhampati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20A.%20Hoffman"> Mark A. Hoffman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the realm of infectious disease research, airborne viral transmission stands as a paramount concern due to its pivotal role in propagating pathogens within densely populated regions. However, amidst this landscape, the phenomenon of hygroscopic growth within respiratory bioaerosols remains relatively underexplored. Unlike pure water aerosols, the unique composition of respiratory bioaerosols leads to varied evaporation rates and hygroscopic growth patterns, influenced by factors such as ambient humidity, temperature, and airflow. This study addresses this gap by focusing on the behaviors of single respiratory bioaerosol utilizing salinity to induce saliva-like hygroscopic behavior. By employing mass, momentum, and energy equations, the study unveils the intricate interplay between evaporation and hygroscopic growth over time. The numerical model enables temporal analysis of bioaerosol characteristics, including size, temperature, and trajectory. The analysis reveals that due to evaporation, there is a reduction in initial size, which shortens the lifetime and distance traveled. However, when hygroscopic growth begins to influence the bioaerosol size, the rate of size reduction slows significantly. The interplay between evaporation and hygroscopic growth results in bioaerosol size within the inhalation range of humans and prolongs the traveling distance. Findings procured from the analysis are crucial for understanding the spread of infectious diseases, especially in high-risk environments such as healthcare facilities and public transportation systems. By elucidating the nuanced behaviors of respiratory bioaerosols, this study seeks to inform the development of more effective preventative strategies against pathogens propagation in the air, thereby contributing to public health efforts on a global scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airborne%20viral%20transmission" title="airborne viral transmission">airborne viral transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20environments" title=" high-risk environments"> high-risk environments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygroscopic%20growth" title=" hygroscopic growth"> hygroscopic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogen%20propagation" title=" pathogen propagation"> pathogen propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventative%20strategies" title=" preventative strategies"> preventative strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20bioaerosols" title=" respiratory bioaerosols"> respiratory bioaerosols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186562/respiratory-bioaerosol-dynamics-impact-of-salinity-on-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">563</span> Successful Cesarean Delivery with Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in a Pregnant Woman with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Heart Failure Complicated by a Rare Condition of Pre-B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in P</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristel%20Dame%20Ba%C3%B1ez%20Sumagaysay">Kristel Dame Bañez Sumagaysay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Victoria%20Cruz-javier"> Marie Victoria Cruz-javier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current subject is a case of a 21 year-old woman at 29 1/7 weeks of gestation with Pre-B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia who was admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) of the St. Luke’s Medical Center-Global City for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) secondary to hospital-acquired pneumonia secondary to pneumocystis jiroveci; central line-associated bloodstream infection (E. aerogenes). She presented with chronic hypoxemia caused by Pulmonary edema, probably secondary to heart failure secondary to cardiomyopathy chemotherapy-induced. Due to worsening feto-maternal status, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory support was instituted, and an elective cesarean section was done due to multiple maternal factors and deteriorating health status under total intravenous anesthesia assisted by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. She delivered a live preterm newborn male, APGAR Score: 1, 0, 0, birth weight 985 grams, birth length: 40.5cm, small for gestational age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracorporeal%20membrane%20oxygenation" title="extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-b%20cell%20acute%20lymphoblastic%20leukemia" title=" pre-b cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia"> pre-b cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=severe%20acute%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome" title=" severe acute respiratory distress syndrome"> severe acute respiratory distress syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20dilemmas" title=" ethical dilemmas"> ethical dilemmas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168204/successful-cesarean-delivery-with-veno-venous-extracorporeal-membrane-oxygenation-support-in-a-pregnant-woman-with-severe-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-and-heart-failure-complicated-by-a-rare-condition-of-pre-b-cell-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-in-p" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">562</span> Recurrent Wheezing and Associated Factors among 6-Year-Old Children in Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samrawit%20Tamrat%20Gebretsadik">Samrawit Tamrat Gebretsadik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recurrent wheezing is a common respiratory symptom among children, often indicative of underlying airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of recurrent wheezing in specific age groups is crucial for targeted interventions and improved respiratory health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of recurrent wheezing among 6-year-old children attending Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving structured interviews with parents/guardians, medical records review, and clinical examination of children. Data on demographic characteristics, environmental exposures, family history of respiratory diseases, and socioeconomic status were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with recurrent wheezing. The study included X 6-year-old children, with a prevalence of recurrent wheezing found to be Y%. Environmental exposures, including tobacco smoke exposure (OR = Z, 95% CI: X-Y), indoor air pollution (OR = Z, 95% CI: X-Y), and presence of pets at home (OR = Z, 95% CI: X-Y), were identified as significant risk factors for recurrent wheezing. Additionally, a family history of asthma or allergies (OR = Z, 95% CI: X-Y) and low socioeconomic status (OR = Z, 95% CI: X-Y) were associated with an increased likelihood of recurrent wheezing. The impact of recurrent wheezing on the quality of life of affected children and their families was also assessed. Children with recurrent wheezing experienced a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased healthcare utilization, and decreased physical activity compared to their non-wheezing counterparts. In conclusion, recurrent wheezing among 6-year-old children attending Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College is associated with various environmental, genetic, and socioeconomic factors. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions aimed at reducing exposure to known triggers and improving respiratory health outcomes in this population. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to further elucidate the causal relationships between risk factors and recurrent wheezing and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheezing" title="wheezing">wheezing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory" title=" respiratory"> respiratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crucial" title=" crucial"> crucial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184428/recurrent-wheezing-and-associated-factors-among-6-year-old-children-in-adama-comprehensive-specialized-hospital-medical-college" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">561</span> Causes of Death in Neuromuscular Disease Patients: 15-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Ching%20Chou">Po-Ching Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Chen%20Liang"> Wen-Chen Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Chen%20Chen"> I. Chen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Hau%20Hsu"> Jong-Hau Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuh-Jyh%20Jong"> Yuh-Jyh Jong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background：Cardiopulmonary complications seem to cause high morbidity and mortality in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD) but so far there is no domestic data reported in Taiwan. We, therefore attempted to analyze the factors to cause the death in NMD patients from our cohort. Methods：From 1998 to 2013, we retrospectively collected the information of the NMD patients treated and followed up in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Forty-two patients with NMD who expired during these fifteen years were enrolled. The medical records of these patients were reviewed and the causes of death and the associated affecting factors were analyzed. Results：Eighteen patients with NMD (mean age=13.3, SD=12.4) with complete medical record and detailed information were finally included in this study, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) (n=9, 7/9: type 1), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (n=6), congenital muscular dystrophy (n=1), carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency (n=1) and spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress (SMARD)(n=1). The place of death was in ICU (n=11, 61%), emergency room (n=3, 16.6%) or home (n=4, 22.2%). For SMA type 1 patients, most of them (71.4%, 5/7) died in emergency room or home and the other two expired during an ICU admission. The causes of death included acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia (n=13, 72.2 %), ventilator failure or dislocation (n=2, 11.1%), suffocation/choking (n=2, 11.1%), and heart failure with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=1, 5.55%). Among the 15 patients died of respiratory failure or choking, 73.3% of the patients (n=11) received no ventilator care at home. 80% of the patients (n=12) received no cough assist at home. The patient died of cardiomyopathy received no medications for heart failure until the last admission. Conclusion: Respiratory failure and choking are the leading causes of death in NMD patients. Appropriate respiratory support and airway clearance play the critical role to reduce the mortality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromuscular%20disease" title="neuromuscular disease">neuromuscular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cause%20of%20death" title=" cause of death"> cause of death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tertiary%20care%20hospital" title=" tertiary care hospital"> tertiary care hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20sciences" title=" medical sciences"> medical sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14948/causes-of-death-in-neuromuscular-disease-patients-15-year-experience-in-a-tertiary-care-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">560</span> Evaluating the Latest Advances in Dry Powder Inhaler Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Asadollahi">Leila Asadollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have come a long way since their creation, starting with the Spinhaler Fisons in 1967. For optimal performance, it is important to consider the interplay between formulation, device, and patient. DPIs have shown great potential in treating systemic disorders, as evidenced by their success in clinical practices. Ongoing clinical trials and market availability of DPI products for systemic disease treatment are also examined. Furthermore, the current COVID-19 pandemic has sparked increased interest in dry powder inhalation as a potential avenue for vaccines and antiviral drugs, prompting further exploration of its applications. To achieve optimal treatment outcomes for respiratory diseases, a thorough understanding of the various types of DPIs currently available is crucial. These include single-dose, multiple-unit dose, and multi-dose DPIs. This informative article delves into the administration of drugs via inhalation, examining its diverse routes of administration. Additionally, it illuminates the exciting advancements in inhalation delivery systems and investigates the latest therapeutic approaches for the treatment of respiratory ailments. Additionally, the article discusses the historical development of DPIs and the need for improved designs to enhance efficacy and patient adherence. The potential of DPIs in treating systemic diseases is also examined. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the advancements, challenges, and future prospects of inhalation drug delivery systems, highlighting the potential they hold for respiratory and systemic disorders. The review aims to provide valuable insights into the advancements, challenges, and future prospects of inhalation drug delivery systems, highlighting the potential they hold for respiratory and systemic disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20powder%20inhalers%20%28DPIs%29" title="dry powder inhalers (DPIs)">dry powder inhalers (DPIs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20diseases" title=" respiratory diseases"> respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20disorders" title=" systemic disorders"> systemic disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20drug%20delivery" title=" pulmonary drug delivery"> pulmonary drug delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173504/evaluating-the-latest-advances-in-dry-powder-inhaler-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">559</span> The Application of FSI Techniques in Modeling of Realist Pulmonary Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahim%20Bolukbasi">Abdurrahim Bolukbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Athari"> Hassan Athari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dogan%20Ciloglu"> Dogan Ciloglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The modeling lung respiratory system which has complex anatomy and biophysics presents several challenges including tissue-driven flow patterns and wall motion. Also, the lung pulmonary system because of that they stretch and recoil with each breath, has not static walls and structures. The direct relationship between air flow and tissue motion in the lung structures naturally prefers an FSI simulation technique. Therefore, in order to toward the realistic simulation of pulmonary breathing mechanics the development of a coupled FSI computational model is an important step. A simple but physiologically-relevant three dimensional deep long geometry is designed and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) coupling technique is utilized for simulating the deformation of the lung parenchyma tissue which produces airflow fields. The real understanding of respiratory tissue system as a complex phenomenon have been investigated with respect to respiratory patterns, fluid dynamics and tissue visco-elasticity and tidal breathing period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20deformation%20and%20mechanics%3B%20Tissue%20mechanics%3B%20Viscoelasticity%3B%20Fluid-structure%20interactions%3B%20ANSYS" title="lung deformation and mechanics; Tissue mechanics; Viscoelasticity; Fluid-structure interactions; ANSYS">lung deformation and mechanics; Tissue mechanics; Viscoelasticity; Fluid-structure interactions; ANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31166/the-application-of-fsi-techniques-in-modeling-of-realist-pulmonary-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">558</span> Effective Tandem Mesh Nebulisation of Pulmonary Vasodilator and Bronchodilators in Critical Respiratory Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathalie%20Bolding">Nathalie Bolding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Montero"> Marta Montero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joaquim%20Cevallos"> Joaquim Cevallos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20F.%20Martin-Lazaro"> Juan F. Martin-Lazaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Inhaled epoprostenol (iEPO) have been shown to improve PaO2:FiO2 (PF) in combination with bronchodilators (BD). However, there is not an available device to deliver these two therapies concomitantly. We describe a new method to provide this therapy successfully. Objective: To evaluate the response to continuous nebulization of iEPO and intermittent nebulization of Salbutamol/Ipratropium bromide in adults with severe respiratory failure through a double mesh nebulisation in tandem. Methods: This observational study included two mechanical ventilated adults under hourly ventilatory, gasometrical and clinical measurements during 48h. Both had severe respiratory failure treated with continuous iEPO (50 – 200 micrograms/h) and BD (Salbutamol 2.5 mg and Ipratropium bromide 500 mcg every 6 hours) through double mesh nebulisation (Aerogen solo®) placed in tandem in the dry side of the humidificator. The primary endpoints were the variables associated with a positive response to this tandem nebulised therapy (PaFiO2 index, ROX index). Secondary endpoints were laboratory (ABG) clinical and ventilatory variables. Statistical analysis (SPSS v29) included linear regression and ANOVA. Results: The patients included (n=2) survived, both extubated, one after ECMO therapy. Severe acute respiratory failure had a positive response rate to continuous iEPO and intermittent BD: PaFiO2 increased (7.40 to 30.91; P75: 27%) as well as ROX index (2.91 to 11.43; P75: 33%). There was a linear correlation of improvement between iEPO with PaFiO2 (ANOVA, r=0.393, p<0.002) and ROX (r=0.419, p<0.001). iEPO+BD therapy did not show any complications. Conclusion: Continuous and intermittent mesh tandem nebulisation can be effectively delivered with this method with a positive effect in ventilatory parameters without observed complications. Randomised studies will be able to provide reassurance in this new therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tandem" title="tandem">tandem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh" title=" mesh"> mesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nebulisers" title=" nebulisers"> nebulisers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary" title=" pulmonary"> pulmonary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasoldilators" title=" vasoldilators"> vasoldilators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchodilators" title=" bronchodilators"> bronchodilators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory" title=" respiratory"> respiratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173820/effective-tandem-mesh-nebulisation-of-pulmonary-vasodilator-and-bronchodilators-in-critical-respiratory-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">557</span> Changed Behavior of the Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus (Betacoronavirus) in Respiratory Epithelial Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ateeqa%20Aslam">Ateeqa Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20J.%20Nauwynck"> Hans J. Nauwynck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a betacoronavirus that has been studied in the past as a cause of vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) in young piglets (<3 weeks). Nowadays, the virus is still circulating on most farms in Belgium, but there are no descriptions anymore of VWD. Therefore, we are interested in differences between the old and new strains. We compared the replication kinetics of the old well-studied strain VW572 (1972) and the recent isolate P412 (2020) in a susceptible continuous cell line (RPD cells) and in primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs). The RPD cell line was inoculated with each PHEV strain at an m.o.i. of 1 the supernatant was collected, and the cells were fixed at different time points post-inoculation. The supernatant was titrated (extracellular virus titer), and the infected cells were revealed by immunofluorescence staining and quantitated by fluorescence microscopy. We found that VW572 replicated better in the RPD cell line at earlier time points when compared to P412. Porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoREC) were isolated, grown at air-liquid interphase in transwells and inoculated with both strains of PHEV at a virus titer of 106.6TCID50 per 200 µl either at the apical side or at the basal side of the cells. At different time points after inoculation, the transwells were fixed and stained for infected cells. VW572 preferentially infected the epithelial cells via the basolateral side of porcine nasal epithelial cells, whereas P412 preferred the apical side. These findings suggest that there has been an evolution of PHEV in its interaction with the respiratory epithelial cells. In the future, more virus strains will be enclosed and the tropism of the strains for different neuronal cell types will be examined for the change in virus neurotropism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcine%20hemagglutinating%20encephalomyelitis%20virus%20%28PHEV%29" title="porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)">porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20porcine%20respiratory%20epithelial%20cells%20%28PoRECs%29" title=" primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs)"> primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virus%20tropism" title=" virus tropism"> virus tropism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vomiting%20and%20wasting%20disease%20%28VWD%29" title=" vomiting and wasting disease (VWD)"> vomiting and wasting disease (VWD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186511/changed-behavior-of-the-porcine-hemagglutinating-encephalomyelitis-virus-betacoronavirus-in-respiratory-epithelial-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">556</span> The Effect of Photochemical Smog on Respiratory Health Patients in Abuja Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christabel%20Ihedike">Christabel Ihedike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Mooney"> John Mooney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Price"> Monica Price</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Summary: This study aims to critically evaluate effect of photochemical smog on respiratory health in Nigeria. Cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients was recruited from two large hospitals in Abuja Nigeria. Respiratory health questionnaires, daily diaries, dyspnoea scale and lung function measurement were used to obtain health data and investigate the relationship with air quality data (principally ozone, NOx and particulate pollution). Concentrations of air pollutants were higher than WHO and Nigerian air quality standard. The result suggests a correlation between measured air quality and exacerbation of respiratory illness. Introduction: Photochemical smog is a significant health challenge in most cities and its effect on respiratory health is well acknowledged. This type of pollution is most harmful to the elderly, children and those with underlying respiratory disease. This study aims to investigate impact of increasing temperature and photo-chemically generated secondary air pollutants on respiratory health in Abuja Nigeria. Method and Result: Health data was collected using spirometry to measure lung function on routine attendance at the clinic, daily diaries kept by patients and information obtained using respiratory questionnaire. Questionnaire responses (obtained using an adapted and internally validated version of St George’s Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire), shows that ‘time of wheeze’ showed an association with participants activities: 30% had worse wheeze in the morning: 10% cannot shop, 15% take long-time to get washed, 25% walk slower, 15% if hurry have to stop and 5% cannot take-bath. There was also a decrease in Forced expiratory volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity, and daily change in the afternoon–morning may be associated with the concentration level of pollutants. Also, dyspnoea symptoms recorded that 60% of patients were on grade 3, 25% grade 2 and 15% grade 1. Daily frequency of the number of patients in the cohort that cough /brought sputum is 78%. Air pollution in the city is higher than Nigerian and WHO standards with NOx and PM10 concentrations of 693.59ug/m-3 and 748ugm-3 being measured respectively. The result shows that air pollution may increase occurrence and exacerbation of respiratory disease. Conclusion: High temperature and local climatic conditions in urban Nigeria encourages formation of Ozone, the major constituent of photochemical smog, resulting also in the formation of secondary air pollutants associated with health challenges. In this study we confirm the likely potency of the pattern of secondary air pollution in exacerbating COPD symptoms in vulnerable patient group in urban Nigeria. There is need for better regulation and measures to reduce ozone, particularly when local climatic conditions favour development of photochemical smog in such settings. Climate change and likely increasing temperatures add impetus and urgency for better air quality standards and measures (traffic-restrictions and emissions standards) in developing world settings such as Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abuja-Nigeria" title="Abuja-Nigeria">Abuja-Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect"> effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photochemical%20smog" title=" photochemical smog"> photochemical smog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20health" title=" respiratory health"> respiratory health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79271/the-effect-of-photochemical-smog-on-respiratory-health-patients-in-abuja-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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