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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" 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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Tomato&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Tomato&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Tomato&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Tomato&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lihat sumber bagi Tomato</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Rencana ini hanya wujud dalam bahasa ini. Tambah rencana untuk bahasa lain" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tambahkan bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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Karst.</small><br /> ''Lycopersicon esculentum ''<small>Mill.</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name="NHM">{{cite web | quote = Molecular phylogenetic analyses have established that the formerly segregate genera ''Lycopersicon'', ''Cyphomandra'', ''Normania'', and ''Triguera'' are nested within ''Solanum'', and all species of these four genera have been transferred to ''Solanum'' | url = http://solanaceaesource.org/content/phylogeny-0 | title = Phylogeny }}</ref> }} '''Tomato''' ({{Jawi|توماتو}}), '''rangam''' ({{small|disebut}} [ra.ngam], Jawi: {{Script|Arab|راڠم}}),<ref>{{Cite dictionary|title=rangam|date=2017|dictionary=Kamus Dewan|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malaysia|year=2017|edition=ke-4|url=http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=rangam}}</ref> '''ranti merah''' atau '''terung masam''' ({{Small|[[Kelantan|Kel.]], [[Pattani|Pat.]]}}<ref>{{cite dictionary|dictionary=Kamus Thai-Melayu & Melayu-Thai|author=Muhammad Abdul Kadir|year=1995|page=183|entry=มะเขือเทศ|title=|date=|publisher=อักษราพิพัฒน์}}</ref>; nama saintifik: ''Solanum lycopersicum''<ref name="NHM" /><ref name="eol">{{cite web | url=http://eol.org/pages/392557/overview | title=Garden Tomato. ''Solanum lycopersicum'' L.| publisher=Encyclopedia of Life | access-date=1 Januari 2014}}</ref>) adalah tumbuhan spesies keluarga [[Solanaceae]]<ref name="HCO">{{Cite book|title=Sayuran: khasiat makanan & ubatan|last=Hean Chooi Ong|first=|publisher=Utusan Publications|year=2008|isbn=967-61-1390-5|location=Kuala Lumpur|pages=126-127}}</ref> ditanam untuk mendapatkan [[buah]]nya yang ranum dan dimasak sebagai [[sayur]]. Tomato berasal dari benua Amerika, iaitu di benua-benua [[Amerika Tengah]], [[Amerika Selatan|Selatan]]<ref name="eol" /><ref name="eb">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/tomato|title=Tomato|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|date=4 January 2018|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> dan selatan [[Amerika Utara]] dari [[Mexico]] ke [[Peru]]. Tomato banyak terjual di pasar-pasar termasuk pasar tani dan pasar sayur. ==Peristilahan== Perkataan ''tomato'' berasal dari istilah [[bahasa Nahuatl]] ''tomatl'' terbitan kata ''tomahuac'' yang memberi maksud "benda kembung";<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whp.uoregon.edu/dictionaries/nahuatl/index.lasso?&dowhat=FindJustOne&theRecID=1742174&theWord=tomahuac. |title=tomahuac |work=Nahuatl Dictionary |publisher=Wired Humanities Projects |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206030538/http://whp.uoregon.edu/dictionaries/nahuatl/index.lasso?&dowhat=FindJustOne&theRecID=1742174&theWord=tomahuac. |archive-date=6 Disember 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> turunan serapan bahasa ini di Mexico kini lebih merujuk kepada spesies serumpun ia iaitu [[tomatillo]] yang kecil dan kehijauan dibezakan dari ''xitomatl'' ("benda kembung berpusat") yang berwarna merah.<ref name=eol/> Nama ''ranti merah'' datang dari perkaitan dengan penampilan buahnya yang menyerupai buah pokok [[ranti]] yang kebetulan berada dalam keluarga botani yang sama. [[Nama saintifik]]nya, ''lycopersicum'', bermakna "persik serigala" (bandingkan dengan spesies berkaitan ''S. lycocarpum'', yang [[tatanama binomial|nama saintifiknya]] bermakna "buah serigala"). Antara spesies lain dalam genus ''[[Solanum]]'' ialah [[terung]] dan [[ubi kentang]] serta beberapa spesies beracun lain. ==Botani== [[Imej:Tomatoes plain and sliced.jpg|thumb|Keratan dalam buah tomato|323x323px]] Tomato merupakan sejenis [[tumbuhan saka]] yang ditanam sebagai [[tumbuhan semusim]]. Ia boleh mencapai tinggi 1-3 m dengan memaut pada pokok atau topang lain. Batangnya padat dengan [[daun]] pokok tomato berbentuk pinat tersusun berpilin<ref name="HCO"/> dengan panjang 10–25 cm dan mempunyai 5-9 daun kecil,<ref>{{cite book|title=Horticulture: Principles and Practices|author=Acquaah, G.|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=2002|isbn=978-0-13-033125-0|location=New Jersey}}</ref> setiap satunya sehingga 8 cm panjang dan pinggir berserat. Kedua-dua batang dan daun tomato agak berbulu.<ref name="HCO"/> Bunga tomato menjambak pada batang tomato bersaiz 1–2 cm diameter berwarna kuning, dengan lima cuping bermata pada [[korola]]; biasanya bunga tomato muncul dalam ''cyme'' 3-12 sekali. Buah tomato merupakan bahagian yang dimakan, ia secara botaninya dikelaskan sebagai [[beri]].<ref name="abadi">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/tomato-fruit-or-vegetable-2018-5|title=A tomato is actually a fruit — but it's a vegetable at the same time|author1=Mark Abadi|date=26 Mei 2018|publisher=Business Insider|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> Buah tomato boleh tumbuh baik sebiji setangkai mahupun beberapa dalam segugus mengikut baka;<ref name="HCO"/> saiznya berbeza mengikut jenis dari 1-2 cm kepada lebih 10 cm, namun jenis yang paling banyak dijual mempunyai diameter 5-6 cm. Warna buah tomato juga berbeza-beza, dengan warna merah yang paling popular - warna merah itu ialah disebabkan [[likopena]], iaitu sebatian [[karotenoid]] semula jadi yang memberikan pelbagai khasiat kebaikan [[antioksidan]] semula jadi yang baik untuk kesihatan badan. ==Sejarah== === Penanaman di benua Amerika === Semua baka tomato datangnya dari penamaman selektif leluhur asal pokok ini yang diberi nama saintifik moden ''Solanum'' ''pimpinellifolium'' berasal dari [[Amerika Selatan]].<ref name="smithsonian">{{cite magazine|last=Estabrook|first=Barry|date=22 July 2015|title=Why Is This Wild, Pea-Sized Tomato So Important?|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/why-wild-tiny-pimp-tomato-so-important-180955911|magazine=Smithsonian Journeys Quarterly|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> Penanaman ini mula dikembangkan setelah dibawa dari situ ke selatan [[Mexico]] selepas 500 SM.<ref name="smithsonian" /><ref name="the tomato in America">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/tomatoinamericae00smit_0|title=The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery|author=Smith, A. F.|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|year=1994|isbn=978-1-57003-000-0|location=Columbia SC, US}}</ref>{{rp|13}} Masyarakat [[Aztek]] terutamanya menghasilkan pelbagai jenis baka dari yang berwarna merah (xictomatl) hingga ke kuning dan hijau (''tomatl'')<ref>{{cite book|title=The Aztecs|first1=Richard F.|last1=Townsend|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London|edition=kemaskini|year=2000|page=180-181}}</ref> sepertimana yang disaksikan [[Bernardino de Sahagún]] dalam perjalanan rombongannya dari Sepanyol meneroka Dunia Baru; paderi tersebut ada mencatat dalam bukunya buah ini banyak dimanfaatkan dalam masakan berkuah masyarakat ini.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKVbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117|title=America's First Cuisines (page 117)|author=Sophie D. Coe|date=2015|publisher=University of Texas Press: Austin TX|isbn=978-1477309711|pages=108–118}}</ref> Ia merupakan antara tumbuhan utama yang dibawa dalam [[pertukaran Columbus]]. === Perkenalan ke Eropah === Penulisan pertama mengenai tumbuhan ini di Eropah mula ditulis seorang ahli botani dari Itali, [[Pietro Andrea Mattioli]] dalam makalah bertajuk ''Di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo Libri cinque Della historia'' pada 1544.<ref name="the tomato in America" />{{rp|13}} Negara-negara utara benua Eropah amat sangsi dengan tahap keselamatan pokok ini pada awalnya kerana ia mirip tumbuhan yang [[Solanaceae|sekeluarga]] dengan [[Atropa belladonna|belladonna]] yang digunakan sebagai bahan membuat racun berbahaya;<ref name="SmithMag" /> hal ini lagi diburukkan dengan masalah keracunan memakannya kerana tindak balas pinggan mangkuk [[piuter]] digunakan golongan bangsawan dengan jus [[Asid|berasid]] buah tersebut yang melarutresap [[Plumbum|timah hitam]] meracuni badan pemakan.<ref name="SmithMag">{{cite magazine|last1=Smith|first1=K. Annabelle|date=18 Jun 2013|title=Why the Tomato Was Feared in Europe for More Than 200 Years|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/why-the-tomato-was-feared-in-europe-for-more-than-200-years-863735/|magazine=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Oleh itu, ia pada mulanya lebih ditanam sebagai [[tanaman hiasan]] semata-mata. Ia mula diterapkan dalam [[Masakan Itali|masakan]] sesetengah kawasan [[Itali]] pada abad-abad ke-17 dan 18.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJrr9i6HRp0C&q=tabletop+decoration|title=Pre-Columbian Foodways: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica|last1=Staller|first1=John|last2=Carrasco|first2=Michael|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781441904713|page=44|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> == Khasiat == Selain mempunyai kebaikan antioksidan, makanan yang mengandungi likopena itu juga boleh mengurangkan risiko beberapa jenis kanser dan penyakit jantung. {{fact}} Hasil kajian pakar penyelidik asing mendapati bahawa kandungan likopena begitu tinggi dalam pes tomato, sos tomato dan jus tomato. Kandungan airnya yang tinggi, lebih dari 90 %, menjadikannya sebagai ‘diuretic’ yang baik untuk mengalirkan toksin keluar{{fact}} daripada badan ketika berdiet. == Galeri == <gallery> Imej:YosriPokokTomato.jpg|Pokok tomato Imej:Tomatoes in Veggie Garden.jpg|Pokok tomato Imej:YosriTomato.jpg|Lambakan buah tomato Imej:Tomato flowers.jpeg|Bunga tomato Imej:YosriTomatoCeri1.jpg|Buah tomato ceri dalam dua warna Imej:Tomates anciennes.jpg|Pelbagai jenis tomato </gallery> == Lihat juga == * [[Tomatillo]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Pautan luar == {{commons|Solanum lycopersicum|Tomato}} * [http://agrolink.moa.my/doa/bdc/vege/tomato/tomato.html Profil tumbuhan] di Agrolink [[Kategori:Solanales|Tomato]] [[Kategori:Solanaceae]] [[Kategori:Sayur]] [[Kategori:Sayur buah]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Templat yang digunakan dalam laman ini: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:;" title="Templat:;">Templat:;</a> (<a 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