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以斯拉·米克 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-早年经历" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早年经历"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>早年经历</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早年经历-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-移居俄勒冈领地(1852年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#移居俄勒冈领地(1852年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>移居俄勒冈领地(1852年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-移居俄勒冈领地(1852年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>早年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-“世界啤酒花之王”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#“世界啤酒花之王”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>“世界啤酒花之王”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-“世界啤酒花之王”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-血本无归、克朗克代淘金热" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#血本无归、克朗克代淘金热"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>血本无归、克朗克代淘金热</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-血本无归、克朗克代淘金热-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宣传俄勒冈小径" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宣传俄勒冈小径"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>宣传俄勒冈小径</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宣传俄勒冈小径-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关宣传俄勒冈小径子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宣传俄勒冈小径-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-准备1906年再踏俄勒冈小径" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#准备1906年再踏俄勒冈小径"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>准备1906年再踏俄勒冈小径</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-准备1906年再踏俄勒冈小径-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-回归小径(1906至1908年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#回归小径(1906至1908年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>回归小径(1906至1908年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-回归小径(1906至1908年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宣传小径(1909至1925年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宣传小径(1909至1925年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>宣传小径(1909至1925年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宣传小径(1909至1925年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旅程终点(1925至1928年)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅程终点(1925至1928年)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>旅程终点(1925至1928年)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旅程终点(1925至1928年)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>著作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-扩展阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#扩展阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>扩展阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-扩展阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">以斯拉·米克</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。15种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1" title="عزرا ميكر – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عزرا ميكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ازرا ميكير – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ازرا ميكير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="ازرا میکر – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ازرا میکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%90_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="עזרא מיקר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזרא מיקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Микер, Эзра – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Микер, Эзра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ezra Meeker" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5423387#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-4b218559" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="USState"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="PresidentsUS"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:县; zh-hk:縣; zh-tw:郡;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 120%;"><span class="fn">以斯拉·米克</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezra_Meeker_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ezra_Meeker_1921.jpg/220px-Ezra_Meeker_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ezra_Meeker_1921.jpg/330px-Ezra_Meeker_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ezra_Meeker_1921.jpg/440px-Ezra_Meeker_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1124" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1921年的米克</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background:lavender;;">华盛顿州<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="皮阿拉普 (华盛顿州)">皮阿拉普</a>首任市长</th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none;"><span class="nowrap"><b>任期</b></span><br />1890年8月—1891年1月</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">前任</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">新职位</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">继任</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">詹姆斯·梅森</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none;"><span class="nowrap"><b>任期</b></span><br />1892年1月—1893年1月</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">前任</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">詹姆斯·梅森</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">继任</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">希尔氏</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background:lavender;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="华盛顿领地">华盛顿领地</a>皮阿拉普首任<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%B1%80%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邮政局长(页面不存在)">邮政局长</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none;"><span class="nowrap"><b>任期</b></span><br />1877—1882年</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">前任</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">新职位</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">继任</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">马里恩·米克尔</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">个人资料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nickname">以斯拉·曼宁·米克</span><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1830-12-29</span>)</span>1830年12月29日<br /><span class="birthplace">美国俄亥俄州<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E7%B8%A3_(%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="巴特勒縣 (俄亥俄州)">巴特勒县</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1928年12月3日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1928歲—12—03</span>)</span>(97歲)<br /><span class="deathplace">美国华盛顿州<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%9C%96" title="西雅圖">西雅圖</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">墓地</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="">华盛顿州皮阿拉普伍德宾墓园<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&params=47_10_14_N_122_18_8_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">47°10′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°18′8″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">47.17056°N 122.30222°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.17056; -122.30222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">政党</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="共和黨 (美國)">共和党</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">配偶</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/以斯拉·米克"><span itemprop="spouse">伊丽莎·简·萨姆纳<br /></span>(<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="1851年">1851年</span>结婚—<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="1909年">1909年</span>女方去世)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">儿女</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">居住地</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B%E5%BA%9C%E9%82%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以斯拉·米克府邸(页面不存在)">以斯拉·米克府邸</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">职业</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">农民</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">签名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezra_Meeker_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="以斯拉·米克的签名"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ezra_Meeker_Signature.svg/128px-Ezra_Meeker_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ezra_Meeker_Signature.svg/192px-Ezra_Meeker_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ezra_Meeker_Signature.svg/256px-Ezra_Meeker_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="133" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>以斯拉·摩根·米克</b>(英語:<span lang="en">Ezra Morgan Meeker</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1830年12月29日—1928年12月3日)是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%8B%93%E8%8D%92%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国拓荒先锋(页面不存在)">美国拓荒先锋</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="华盛顿领地">华盛顿领地</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="皮阿拉普 (华盛顿州)">皮阿拉普</a>首任邮政局长和首任市长。他年轻时从爱荷华州移居<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="美國西岸">太平洋海岸</a>,乘牛车走过<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%91" title="奧勒岡小徑">奧勒岡小徑</a>。年长后他致力纪念小径,反复游历年轻时走过的道路。 </p><p>米克生于俄亥俄州<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E7%B8%A3_(%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="巴特勒縣 (俄亥俄州)">巴特勒县</a>,父母分别叫雅各布和菲比,童年时一家人移居印第安纳州。他1851年迎娶伊丽莎·简·萨姆纳,次年两人带着新生儿与米克的哥哥前往<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="俄勒岡領地">俄勒岡領地</a>圈地定居。行经俄勒冈小道的半年旅程历经艰险,所幸四人都活下来。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD_(%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B7%9E)" title="波特蘭 (俄勒岡州)">波特兰</a>附近短暂停留后,米克带家人北上至<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%90%89%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="普吉特海湾">普吉特海湾</a>地区过活。1862年米克一家定居今皮阿拉普地界,他靠种啤酒花发家,人称“世界啤酒花之王”。1887年米克氏已经非常富裕,夫人为家人建起大型府邸。1891年米克的庄稼基本毁于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E9%A0%AD%E8%9A%9C" title="指頭蚜">指頭蚜</a>,财富严重缩水。此后他尝试多条路子,四次前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%97%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E7%83%AD" title="克朗代克淘金热">克朗克代</a>做杂货生意,想靠淘金热翻身,但都没什么效果。 </p><p>米克确信世人在逐渐遗忘俄勒冈小径,决定向公众宣传,推动建造纪念物、保证小径在史上留下一席之地。1906至1908年,年近杖朝的米克乘马车重返俄勒冈小径,争取在沿途社区竖立纪念物。他一路走过<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6" title="纽约">纽约</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区">华盛顿哥伦比亚特区</a>,与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" title="西奥多·罗斯福">西奥多·罗斯福</a>谈笑风生。他在去世前20年反复走过小径,其中1910至1912年乘牛车,1924年乘飞机。1928年他获<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9" title="亨利·福特">亨利·福特</a>赞助乘车上路,但在途中病倒,回华盛顿州后再度病倒,同年12月3日以97岁高龄去世。米克一生创作多部著作,他的事业长期由俄勒冈-加利福尼亚小径协会等组织延续。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="早年经历"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E5.B9.B4.E7.BB.8F.E5.8E.86"></span>早年经历</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:早年经历"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_Beecher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Meeker_Beecher.jpg/170px-Meeker_Beecher.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Meeker_Beecher.jpg/255px-Meeker_Beecher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Meeker_Beecher.jpg/340px-Meeker_Beecher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>米克给亨利·沃德·比彻送报</figcaption></figure> <p>以斯拉·摩根·米克1830年12月29日生于俄亥俄州<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E7%B8%A3_(%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="巴特勒縣 (俄亥俄州)">巴特勒县</a>亨茨维尔附近<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen9_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,父亲叫雅各布·米克(1804至1869年),母亲菲比·贝克(1801至1854年)婚后随夫姓。父亲祖籍新泽西州<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%BA%97%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD_(%E6%96%B0%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="伊麗莎白 (新澤西州)">伊丽莎白</a>,祖上很早就在此定居,米克氏约有20人<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="美國獨立戰爭">为美国独立而战</a>。雅各布与菲比共有六个孩子,以斯拉排第四,另外五人分别是长兄约翰、二哥曼宁(出生一周便夭折)、三哥奥利弗、五妹汉娜、六弟克拉克。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker19221–2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker19221–2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacob_Grave_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacob_Grave-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>雅各布务农并经营磨坊,1839年带家人从俄亥俄州移居印第安纳州<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="印第安納波利斯">印第安納波利斯</a>附近,以斯拉和哥哥奥利弗跟在家人乘坐的马车后步行320公里。以斯拉基本没接受正式教育,多年后他估计一共也就半年。菲比觉得以斯拉脑子不够灵便,不大适应正式教育,让儿子打零工挣钱。他在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印第安纳波利斯日报(页面不存在)">印第安纳波利斯日报</a>》当<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%AD%A6%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印刷学徒(页面不存在)">印刷学徒</a>,日常工作包括向地方牧师<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·沃德·比彻(页面不存在)">亨利·沃德·比彻</a>等订户送报。以斯拉外公在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E8%BE%9B%E9%82%A3%E6%8F%90" title="辛辛那提">辛辛那提</a>经商,1845年留给女儿一千美元,足以买个农场。父亲知道以斯拉相比室内工作更中意户外生活,农场就由以斯拉负责,雅各布经营磨坊。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen9_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker19222–13_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker19222–13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="移居俄勒冈领地(1852年)"><span id=".E7.A7.BB.E5.B1.85.E4.BF.84.E5.8B.92.E5.86.88.E9.A2.86.E5.9C.B0.EF.BC.881852.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>移居俄勒冈领地(1852年)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:移居俄勒冈领地(1852年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1851年5月,米克与从小就爱慕的伊丽莎·简·萨姆纳结为连理<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice1982C3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice1982C3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。萨姆纳氏住处距印第安纳波利斯6.5公里,与米克氏一样务农并且没请帮工。米克求婚时表示这辈子就想务农,伊丽莎接受,只要求自家有地而不是给别人种。1851年10月,新婚夫妇前往爱荷华州<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%BF%AA%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE_(%E6%84%9B%E8%8D%B7%E8%8F%AF%E5%B7%9E)" title="埃迪維爾 (愛荷華州)">埃迪维尔</a>租下农场;两人听说此埃迪维尔土地根本不要钱,但实情并非如此。以斯拉在测量员营地耕作,与身怀有孕的夫人一样觉得此地冬季很难受。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="俄勒岡領地">俄勒岡領地</a>土地不要钱且气候温和的消息传遍大草原,奥利弗准备和朋友一起从印第安纳波利斯附近前往俄勒冈领地,顺道邀弟弟同行。以斯拉和伊丽莎犹豫好一阵才于1852年4月初决定踏上<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%91" title="奧勒岡小徑">奧勒岡小徑</a>,此时长子马里恩已经满月。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice1982C3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice1982C3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192215–20_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192215–20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19725_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19725-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_map_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Meeker_map_1.jpg/220px-Meeker_map_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Meeker_map_1.jpg/330px-Meeker_map_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Meeker_map_1.jpg/440px-Meeker_map_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>米克氏旅程东半段,到左侧拉勒米堡止(图上Ft. Laramie)</figcaption></figure> <p>以斯拉一家与奥利弗四月踏上前往俄勒冈的旅程,全程约3200公里<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199214_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199214-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他们乘坐的牛车栓有两<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9B" title="軛">軛</a>公牛、一轭母牛,另牵有一头母牛,一路同行的威廉·巴克要到接近终点时改道前往加利福尼亚州<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19725_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19725-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。牛车由巴克组装,米克挑选拉车和带走的动物,伊丽莎细心准备食粮<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。众人以非正式协定同行,没有谁一个人说了算<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199215–16_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199215–16-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>奥利弗几位住在印第安纳波利斯的朋友在米克等人走出爱荷华州前赶来同行<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,众人从摩门教小定居点坎斯维尔(今爱荷华州<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF_(%E8%89%BE%E5%A5%A5%E7%93%A6%E5%B7%9E)" title="康瑟尔布拉夫斯 (艾奥瓦州)">康瑟尔布拉夫斯</a>)跨过<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E6%B2%B3" title="密苏里河">密苏里河</a>。据米克回忆,踏上河对岸时感觉就像离开美国。他们沿<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="普拉特河">普拉特河</a>向西进入<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="內布拉斯加領地">內布拉斯加領地</a>,路上行人众多,这年米克等人看到的西行拓荒者始终不少于数万人,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192233–34_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192233–34-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>有时多辆畜力车齐头并进<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199215_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199215-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其他人都在尽快赶路,但米克等人保持步调缓慢而稳定。无数人为减轻负担抛弃物品,西行路上许多匆匆赶到前面的人又被米克等人反超,还有许多人畜力车损坏或牲畜死于照顾不周。疾病风险伴随旅程始终,经过现今内布拉斯加州<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC_(%E5%86%85%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="卡尼 (内布拉斯加州)">卡尼</a>附近时奥利弗病重,众人立场不一,包括未来<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E9%81%94%E8%8D%B7%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="愛達荷領地">愛達荷領地</a>总督<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大卫·巴拉德(页面不存在)">大卫·巴拉德</a>在内大部分奥利弗的朋友不愿就地等待。奥利弗四天后康复,可谓相当幸运,以斯拉后来估计从俄勒冈小径西迁的人约有一成丧生。以斯拉还记得遇到车队缓慢朝反方向行驶,这些人最远的已经走到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%8B%92%E7%B1%B3%E5%A0%A1%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉勒米堡国家历史遗址(页面不存在)">拉勒米堡</a>,但队伍中的男子全部死亡,孤儿寡母希望回到东部故居重拾生活。米克此后再没听到消息,不知他们是否活下来。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192233–34_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192233–34-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>据地方史学家伯特·韦伯和韦吉·韦伯记载,沿途大量人员丧生对青年时代的米克触动很大<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199215_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199215-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_map_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Meeker_map_2.jpg/220px-Meeker_map_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Meeker_map_2.jpg/330px-Meeker_map_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Meeker_map_2.jpg/440px-Meeker_map_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>米克氏旅程西半段</figcaption></figure> <p>途中遇到的部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="平原印第安人">原住民</a>要求白人拿粮食充当买路钱,但根本没人给,而且不给最后也不会暴力收场。大量<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B" title="美洲野牛">美洲野牛</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="北美大平原">北美大平原</a>游荡,有些被行人开枪打死留作肉食。野牛一方面是食物来源,另一方面也会毁坏财物,踩死或撞死不可替代的牲畜。俄勒冈小径在爱荷华州东南部分支连接<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加利福尼亚小径(页面不存在)">加利福尼亚小径</a>,巴克等人在此与米克氏分道扬镳前往加利福尼亚州,与米克的友谊持续终身。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192243–55_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192243–55-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>对于米克等人来说,恰是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博伊西堡(页面不存在)">博伊西堡</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%B8%A3" title="沃斯科縣">沃斯科縣</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF_(%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达尔斯 (俄亥俄州)(页面不存在)">达尔斯</a>这最后一段路最难走。路上不是山就是沙漠,物资基本没法补充。精疲力竭或补给不足的人踏上这560公里路程后往往埋骨路旁,许多人抛弃带着穿过半个大洲的行李,只保留食粮,还有不少人担心挺不过这段路,选择顺<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="斯内克河">斯内克河</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%B2%B3" title="哥倫比亞河">哥倫比亞河</a>漂流,最后往往遇上急流葬身鱼腹。达尔斯可渡河前往<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD_(%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B7%9E)" title="波特蘭 (俄勒岡州)">波特兰</a>,米克等人身边移民五花八门。他们在渡口挣钱买船票,奥利弗带着牧畜踏上对岸土地,1852年10月1日与抵达波特兰的弟弟一家团聚,当晚是大家离开爱荷华州以来首次在室内过夜。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192255–69_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192255–69-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以斯拉大约瘦掉九公斤,手头只剩两美元75美分现金<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19726_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19726-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。随行所有人都活着抵达目的地,但奥利弗来自印第安纳州的朋友雅各布·达文波特在接近终点时染疾,抵达波特兰数周后去世。带上路的牧畜只有一头母牛在穿过密苏里河时失落。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222,_50_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222,_50-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以斯拉自认经过俄勒冈小径的考验才算长大成人<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice1984D3,_D9_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice1984D3,_D9-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋"><span id=".E4.BF.84.E5.8B.92.E5.86.88.E9.A2.86.E5.9C.B0.E6.8B.93.E8.8D.92.E5.85.88.E9.94.8B"></span>俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:俄勒冈领地拓荒先锋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早年"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E5.B9.B4"></span>早年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:早年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Meeker_cabin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/First_Meeker_cabin.jpg/220px-First_Meeker_cabin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/First_Meeker_cabin.jpg/330px-First_Meeker_cabin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/First_Meeker_cabin.jpg/440px-First_Meeker_cabin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>米克立在卡拉马的木屋</figcaption></figure> <p>米克在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="太平洋西北地区">太平洋西北地区</a>首份工作是为停留波特兰的船卸货。他搬到正建造码头与波特兰竞争的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%B8%A3_(%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B7%9E)" title="哥倫比亞縣 (俄勒岡州)">哥伦比亚县</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E6%B5%B7%E4%BC%A6_(%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣海伦 (俄勒冈州)(页面不存在)">圣海伦</a>,奥利弗租房给工厂住宿,以斯拉协助哥哥。以斯拉和伊丽莎此时已决心经营农场,圣海伦放弃码头建造后,他四处寻找适合耕种的土地。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199218_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199218-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克1853年1月对波特兰下游约64公里、今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="卡拉马 (华盛顿州)">卡拉马</a>境内地块主张所有权,在此立起木屋开始建造第一个农场。农场距河道尚远,事实证明此举颇为明智,主张所有权后不久汹涌的洪水就随哥伦比亚河奔腾而至。洪灾成为他的宝贵机遇,把砍倒的树木和洪水所留原木都当木材出售。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199219–20_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199219–20-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克1853年4月听闻哥伦比亚河以北的土地即将单独划为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="美国领地">美国领地</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="华盛顿领地">华盛顿领地</a>),首府设在太平洋海岸上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%90%89%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="普吉特海湾">普吉特海湾</a>,决定和哥哥北上圈占河流周边土地。普吉特海湾地区此时仅有约五百欧裔居民,其中两成住在后来成为领地首府和州首府的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%B7%9E)" title="奧林匹亞 (華盛頓州)">奥林匹亚</a>。居民人数稀少但社会活动丰富,普吉特湾木材推动旧金山建筑热潮。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETNT19220104_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETNT19220104-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>米克兄弟对普吉特海湾第一印象不好,很不喜欢潮水退去后露出的泥滩不喜。他们继续前行,造小船沿河漂流,从遇到的友好印第安人手中购买蛤蜊,学习如何烹饪贝类。两人聘请原住民为向导探索当地,寻找位置理想的良田。米克等人一度进入尚无白人居住的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮阿拉普河(页面不存在)">皮阿拉普河</a>地区,在今<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="皮阿拉普 (华盛顿州)">皮阿拉普</a>地界扎营,但最后因大树太多难于开荒放弃。他们决定在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦克尼尔岛(页面不存在)">麦克尼尔岛</a>开荒,农产品送到不远的繁华小镇<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%8E%B1%E5%BA%93%E5%A7%86_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯特莱库姆 (华盛顿州)(页面不存在)">斯特莱库姆</a>出售。奥利弗留在岛上建木屋,以斯拉回去把家人和财产带来,在卡拉马卖掉之前主张所有权的土地。回岛后他们在建起的木屋安装玻璃窗,窗口俯瞰流向斯特莱库姆的河水,还能看到<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1" title="雷尼尔山">雷尼尔山</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199220_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199220-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192278–105_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192278–105-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>米克氏在岛上圈占的土地后来建起<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B%E7%9F%AB%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦克尼尔岛矫正中心(页面不存在)">麦克尼尔岛矫正中心</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezra_Meeker,_age_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ezra_Meeker%2C_age_23.jpg/170px-Ezra_Meeker%2C_age_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ezra_Meeker%2C_age_23.jpg/255px-Ezra_Meeker%2C_age_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ezra_Meeker%2C_age_23.jpg/340px-Ezra_Meeker%2C_age_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption>1854年米克23岁</figcaption></figure> <p>1853年末,米克兄弟收到父亲早在三个月前发出的信,自称想带其他家人前来,希望奥利弗回印第安纳波利斯帮忙。两人马上回信表示奥利弗将在次年初回印第安纳州,同时搁置已有计划为后者乘汽船和火车返乡准备资金。以斯拉1854年8月听闻亲属已经上路,行程因钱粮不足耽搁。他马上动身前去协助,准备带他们从<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳切斯山道(页面不存在)">纳切斯山道</a>进入普吉特海湾地区。但在第一个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦拉瓦拉堡(页面不存在)">瓦拉瓦拉堡</a>附近(今华盛顿州<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E5%85%B0_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="里奇兰 (华盛顿州)">里奇兰</a>附近)找到家人时,他才得知母亲和弟弟已经死在路上。以斯拉引领其他人通过纳切斯山道,抵达他在麦克尼尔岛的地盘。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922108–134_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922108–134-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199220–21_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199220–21-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>雅各布·米克觉得岛上潜力有限,带家人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%A7%91%E9%A9%AC_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="塔科马 (华盛顿州)">塔科马</a>附近圈地,还在斯特莱库姆经营杂货店<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199221_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199221-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1855年11月5日,以斯拉在塔科马东南蕨山附近圈占131.6公顷土地并起名“沼泽地”。他开始改良土地,栽培花园和果园。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19729_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19729-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>白人定居者根据1854年《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E8%BF%AA%E8%BE%9B%E6%BA%AA%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦迪辛溪条约(页面不存在)">麦迪辛溪条约</a>》向印第安人买地。原住民是在胁迫下签约,其中规定的保留地不足。1855年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E5%90%89%E7%89%B9%E6%B9%BE%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普吉特湾战争(页面不存在)">普吉特湾战争</a>爆发,当地此后两年动荡不安。以斯拉与印第安人关系很好,没有参与武装冲突,只陪一队人前去找回落入印第安人之手的财物。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%8E%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼斯奎利人(页面不存在)">尼斯奎利人</a>酋长<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C_(%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%8E%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莱希 (尼斯奎利人酋长)(页面不存在)">莱希</a>被捕,检察官认为他应对冲突期间的杀戮负责,最后法庭判决莱希谋杀罪名成立,1858年处以绞刑引发争议。案件首次审理以<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%A1%88%E9%99%AA%E5%AF%A9%E5%9C%98" title="懸案陪審團">流审</a>告终,米克当时是陪审员,与另一人都认为被告当时是在作战,罪名不成立。案件再度审判裁定罪名成立并判绞刑。米克认为判决有误,晚年著作还谈到此事。1895年他租下专列把白人带到尼斯奎利部落,参加莱希遗体重新下葬仪式。2004年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华盛顿州参议院(页面不存在)">华盛顿州参议院</a>通过决议认定莱希遭受不公待遇,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华盛顿州最高法院(页面不存在)">华盛顿州最高法院</a>前任和时任大法官组成特别历史法庭裁定莱希与据称死于他手的人都是战斗人员。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19729_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19729-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENisqually_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENisqually-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeschi's_first_trial_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeschi's_first_trial-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="“世界啤酒花之王”"><span id=".E2.80.9C.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.95.A4.E9.85.92.E8.8A.B1.E4.B9.8B.E7.8E.8B.E2.80.9D"></span>“世界啤酒花之王”</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:“世界啤酒花之王”"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>米克的“沼泽地”农场土地太贫瘠,实在难以维持<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecker2006-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,一家人继续在斯特莱库姆开店。1861年1月5日,奥利弗到旧金山采购后搭“北方人号”回家,因船在加利福尼亚州近海沉没遇难。为此行还向他人借钱的米克氏损失惨重,以斯拉几乎一贫如洗。以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%94%E5%B1%8B" title="佔屋">佔屋</a>取得皮阿拉普河谷地块所有权后,米克1862年把妻儿子女迁至该地。清理自有土地之余,他还靠帮他人清理土地挣钱。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFounder25_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFounder25-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199221_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199221-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>父亲和长兄约翰同样在河谷取得土地<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中后者1859年乘船赶来华盛顿领地后定居皮阿拉普河谷<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice20044B_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice20044B-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。以斯拉1861年竞选华盛顿领地驻国会代表失利<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPSH186907112_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPSH186907112-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1869年竞选<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="皮尔斯县 (华盛顿州)">皮尔斯县</a>测量员又以116票比138票不敌詹姆斯·加拉格尔<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVR186907031_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVR186907031-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>奥林匹亚啤酒商艾萨克·伍德1865年从英国进口<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E9%BA%BB" title="蛇麻">蛇麻</a>,期望在太平洋西北地区取得好收成。蛇麻的花又称啤酒花,可调味啤酒,此时尚未传入西部,无论从英国进口还是纽约购买成本都很高,伍德希望普吉特海湾地区农民种植并向他供货。他和雅各布·米克是朋友,把蛇麻送给后者种植,雅各布分出一些给以斯拉。蛇麻生产态势极好,米克氏把成果卖给伍德共进账185美元,在当时的皮阿拉普河谷可谓一大笔钱,促使蛇麻种植规模激增。先吃螃蟹的以斯拉不断扩大规模,种植蛇麻达两百公顷,还在河谷建起首批啤酒花烘干窑。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此后多年米克一直在向波特兰啤酒商<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E6%81%A9%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·韦恩哈德(页面不存在)">亨利·韦恩哈德</a>供货<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198621_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198621-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_around_1880.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Meeker_around_1880.jpeg/170px-Meeker_around_1880.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Meeker_around_1880.jpeg/255px-Meeker_around_1880.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Meeker_around_1880.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>1880年左右的米克</figcaption></figure> <p>事实证明,河谷肥沃的土地与温和气候对种植啤酒花非常理想。作物茁壮成长,收成达到一般水平的四到五倍,米克见缝插针自办啤酒花经纪业务。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他1870 年撰写80页宣传册《喀斯喀特山脉以西的华盛顿领地》促进领地投资,又乘船前往旧金山,再从新建成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E8%B4%AF%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="横贯大陆铁路">横贯大陆铁路</a>东行,希望推动铁路延长到华盛顿领地。他为宣传拜访以鼓吹“年轻人,向西去”闻名的报社编辑<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%88%A9" title="霍勒斯·格里利">霍勒斯·格里利</a>和铁路大亨<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杰伊·库克(页面不存在)">杰伊·库克</a>,库克正修建穿越美国北部的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北太平洋铁路(页面不存在)">北太平洋铁路</a>,购买米克的宣传册送给潜在投资商,还聘请米克为铁路吸引公众兴趣。米克在曼哈顿的办公室上班时穿着像城里人,但还保留边疆生活习惯,经常在咖啡里加奶油。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecker2006-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200246_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200246-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克1877年递交城镇建造规划图,覆盖范围主要是自家木屋周边。他为小镇取名<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="皮阿拉普 (华盛顿州)">皮阿拉普</a>,据称名字源于当地印第安语“慷慨的人”。地方邮局以往人称“富兰克林”,是美国常见地名。米克是镇上首任邮政局长,声称新名字有望一直保持独特。他事后承认造访英格兰时“皮阿拉普”的发音招来误解,而且对于外地人来说一直难以适应。<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEpost_office_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEpost_office-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMap_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMap-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克竭力改善当地生活水平,为城镇建筑、园林、剧院、酒店捐地捐钱,还为木制品厂支付起步费用<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197213_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197213-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。以斯拉·米克历史学会1972年推出的宣传册写道:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>米克先生是多年来社区的活力源泉,河谷内一切事物几乎都有他的贡献。他不知疲倦、充满力量,堪称天生的领导人,是激励皮阿拉普市民对街道、道路、住宅、学校、企业建设等重大议题采取行动的源动力,促使大家齐心协力,把树林改造成全州先进社区。任何事业哪怕他不是主导,也肯定在核心岗位积极贡献。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197211_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197211-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hop_king_barn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hop_king_barn.jpg/220px-Hop_king_barn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hop_king_barn.jpg/330px-Hop_king_barn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hop_king_barn.jpg/440px-Hop_king_barn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption>啤酒花之王领地</figcaption></figure> <p>米克等大批农民靠啤酒花发家致富,他一度自称靠此赚到50万美元。1880年他写出首部著作《美国啤酒花文化》,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197213_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197213-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>很快得名“世界啤酒花之王”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在19世纪80年代成为华盛顿领地头号富翁<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199221_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199221-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,把蛇麻经纪行开到伦敦。1885至1886年北美、中美、南美洲博览会在新奥尔良召开,米克是华盛顿领地代表,博览会结束后又到伦敦举办的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%9A%E8%A7%88%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殖民地与印度博览会(页面不存在)">殖民地与印度博览会</a>参展。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecker2006-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1886年他争取共和党华盛顿领地国会代表提名,在党代表大会经过多轮投票最终落败<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConvention_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConvention-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。米克支持妇女选举权,但华盛顿领地经长期政治斗争始终无法达成一致,1889年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="华盛顿州">建州</a>后很长时间都没定论<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker189612_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker189612-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarper1898676_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper1898676-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>伊丽莎希望改善家人住宿品质<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecker2006-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1887至1890年在皮阿拉普建起豪宅,后称“米克府邸”。2.6万美元的建造成本当时可谓非常惊人,意大利画家与米克氏同住一年,仔细在天花板上画下精细装饰。米克一家1890年迁入,皮阿拉普同年正式依据州法成立,米克氏把老宅所在地捐给新生小镇建公园。米克1890年出任皮阿拉普首任市长<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFounder25_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFounder25-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansion26_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansion26-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1892年再度当选(两次任期不连续)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197214_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197214-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="血本无归、克朗克代淘金热"><span id=".E8.A1.80.E6.9C.AC.E6.97.A0.E5.BD.92.E3.80.81.E5.85.8B.E6.9C.97.E5.85.8B.E4.BB.A3.E6.B7.98.E9.87.91.E7.83.AD"></span>血本无归、克朗克代淘金热</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:血本无归、克朗克代淘金热"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezra_and_Eliza_Jane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ezra_and_Eliza_Jane.jpg/220px-Ezra_and_Eliza_Jane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ezra_and_Eliza_Jane.jpg/330px-Ezra_and_Eliza_Jane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ezra_and_Eliza_Jane.jpg/440px-Ezra_and_Eliza_Jane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>米克夫妇站在皮阿拉普故居旁,摄于19世纪90年代</figcaption></figure> <p>1891年,啤酒花蚜虫枯萎病席卷不列颠哥伦比亚省至加利福尼亚州的北美洲西岸<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197214_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197214-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人们用各种液体喷雾消灭害虫,但杀虫剂也对作物有害<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1892年,作物与灾情前相比产量减半。许多从米克手中预支货款的农民无力偿还,席卷全球的严重经济危机<a href="/wiki/1893%E5%B9%B4%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" title="1893年恐慌">1893年恐慌</a>令局面雪上加霜。米克投资的皮阿拉普电灯公司等企业接连倒闭,他大部分资产付诸东流,最后土地也被没收。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20091–2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20091–2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200271_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200271-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克1895年冬在伦敦找路子东山再起<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20095_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20095-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1896年阿拉斯加和加拿大都发现黄金,米克从英国返回时马里恩与佛雷德二子都准备赶到阿拉斯加<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B%E6%B9%BE" title="库克湾">库克湾</a>。赶到时有价值的地盘都被瓜分,但米克氏另辟蹊径,在对产权转让缺乏了解的情况下成立公司专门买卖采矿权。1897年,米克带儿子前往不列颠哥伦比亚省东南的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库特尼(页面不存在)">库特尼</a>,想从当地发现黄金的风口分一杯羹。已经66岁的米克承担全部劳务,两个儿子都在加拿大提出所有权主张,但接手矿藏必须追加投资。米克到纽约与有交情的人面谈筹资,许多人满口答应,但真给钱的没几个。返程期间他在伊利诺伊州和明尼阿波利斯都没筹到钱,1897年7月回到库特尼为所有权奔走。同年加拿大西北地区<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%97%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B" title="克朗代克">克朗代克</a>发现黄金的消息公布,米克觉得更有胜算,派儿子佛雷德前往查探。佛雷德11月回报,米克氏为远赴克朗代克淘金争取资助,但无法从投资者手中筹得足够金额。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20094–7_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20094–7-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_Yukon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Meeker_Yukon.jpg/220px-Meeker_Yukon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Meeker_Yukon.jpg/330px-Meeker_Yukon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Meeker_Yukon.jpg/440px-Meeker_Yukon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>米克(最右)在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%82" title="道森市">道森市</a>克朗代克开办的首家杂货店(1898年11月19日)</figcaption></figure> <p>筹不到挖矿资金不足以动摇米克搭上淘金热致富快车的信心,1897年冬他和夫人基本都在烘干蔬菜,次年3月20日他带着14吨干货前往阿拉斯加州<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%87%AF%E5%A8%81_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="史凯威 (阿拉斯加州)">史凯威</a>,佛雷德和夫人克拉拉早已穿过边境进入即将划为<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%B2%E7%A9%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="育空地區">育空地區</a>的加拿大地界。米克已是67岁高龄,带着经商合伙人跨过陡峭的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇尔库特山口(页面不存在)">奇尔库特山口</a>。成千上万人选择船只或木筏,他五月下旬刚解冻就顺<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%B2%E7%A9%BA%E6%B2%B3" title="育空河">育空河</a>漂流而下,短短两周便在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%82" title="道森市">道森市</a>卖完蔬菜。七月回到皮阿拉普后,他又备好更多的货在八月出发。他和女婿罗德里克·麦克唐纳在道森市开办“木屋杂货店”,就地过冬。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20099–11_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20099–11-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199222-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezra_Meeker_Mansion_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ezra_Meeker_Mansion_2.jpg/220px-Ezra_Meeker_Mansion_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ezra_Meeker_Mansion_2.jpg/330px-Ezra_Meeker_Mansion_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ezra_Meeker_Mansion_2.jpg/440px-Ezra_Meeker_Mansion_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>米克府邸(2008年)</figcaption></figure> <p>米克1899和1900年两度前往育空,经销杂货的钱基本在投入金矿后亏损。1901年1月30日佛雷德在道森城死于肺炎后就地下葬,同年四月以斯拉最后一次离开克朗克代。米克的著作自称1901年突然离开育空是因为采矿亏损,同时与夫人的金婚纪念将至。学者丹尼斯·拉森是研究米克生平的专家,他的著作认为传主远赴克朗克代背后存在深层原因,很可能是那些在米克投资企业损失资产的人把眼光投向米克府邸,企图取得米克家最后残存的主要资产。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20098–9,_103_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20098–9,_103-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1901年中期,伊丽莎以一万美元价格把房产卖给女儿卡罗琳和女婿埃本·奥斯本,同年以斯拉和夫人签署文件声明房子是伊丽莎独有,不是以斯拉付钱建造。与女儿女婿签署的卖房合同规定以斯拉和夫人可以一直在米克府邸居住,只需支付50美元月租。1909年夫人去世后以斯拉搬出府邸,奥斯本夫妇1915年卖掉房子。埃本·奥斯本1922年去世,91岁的岳父还在世。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20093,_9,_120–121_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20093,_9,_120–121-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宣传俄勒冈小径"><span id=".E5.AE.A3.E4.BC.A0.E4.BF.84.E5.8B.92.E5.86.88.E5.B0.8F.E5.BE.84"></span>宣传俄勒冈小径</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:宣传俄勒冈小径"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="准备1906年再踏俄勒冈小径"><span id=".E5.87.86.E5.A4.871906.E5.B9.B4.E5.86.8D.E8.B8.8F.E4.BF.84.E5.8B.92.E5.86.88.E5.B0.8F.E5.BE.84"></span>准备1906年再踏俄勒冈小径</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:准备1906年再踏俄勒冈小径"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>米克离开克朗克代后住在皮阿拉普,1891年协助创办<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华盛顿州历史学会(页面不存在)">华盛顿州历史学会</a>并担任主席<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecker2006-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,平时勤于写作<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199222-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。据以斯拉·米克历史学会记载:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>他已71岁高龄,一生敢于探险、辛勤劳作、当过测量员和码头工人,务农经商、领导社区、建设城市、环游世界、采矿写作,曾是全州头号富翁。赚的赔的都有好几百万。他赚钱不为囤积居奇,而为发展、建设、推广、制约力量,但钱已经没了。大家都以为他终于游子归乡,在美丽河谷静养天年。其实才不是呢,他还有许多梦想。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197212–13_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197212–13-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>米克很早就打算用花岗岩路碑标识1852年走过的俄勒冈小径<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199222-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,20世纪初他认定小径面临为后世遗忘的危险<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary311_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary311-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。农民开荒持续蚕食小径,沿线城镇不断发展,街道与建筑逐渐取代小径位置。米克认为小径在缓慢消亡,保护迫在眉睫。他想妥善标识小径,为死者竖立纪念物。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222–23_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199222–23-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克计划再乘牛车沿小径旅行,为诉求吸引公众注意,认为可借此筹得充足资金建造标识并维持个人生活。许多小贩乘畜力车往返小径销售<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%93%E5%88%A9%E8%8D%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="专利药(页面不存在)">专利秘方</a>,但米克自信身为真正的拓荒先锋,他能讲述小径的真实历史,结合与历史相符的装备必将脱颖而出。他相信报纸定然闻风而动,充分报导他的行程。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199223–27_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199223–27-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezra_Meeker_wagon_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ezra_Meeker_wagon_01.jpg/220px-Ezra_Meeker_wagon_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ezra_Meeker_wagon_01.jpg/330px-Ezra_Meeker_wagon_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ezra_Meeker_wagon_01.jpg/440px-Ezra_Meeker_wagon_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>2012年以斯拉·米克的畜力车临时在华盛顿州历史博物馆向公众展出</figcaption></figure> <p>没多少钱的米克向朋友筹资。1906年篷车在皮阿拉普已经很罕见,米克找不到完整车辆,最后利用三辆车的残留金属部分,由当地克莱恩和麦考伊公司拼装。米克找到两头公牛,其中一头不合适但牛主要求要买就买一双。不适合拉车的公牛叫“特威斯特”,米克把它关在塔科马牲畜饲养场再去找别的牛。米克相中蒙大拿州运来的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%89%9B" title="家牛">家牛</a>,选择特别重的一头并起名“戴夫”。戴夫给米克带来很多困难,首先便是买牛后还要运回13公里外的皮阿拉普,但它后来的确拉着牛车走过超1.3万公里。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199224–26_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199224–26-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20068–9_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20068–9-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_dog_Jim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Meeker_dog_Jim.jpg/220px-Meeker_dog_Jim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Meeker_dog_Jim.jpg/330px-Meeker_dog_Jim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Meeker_dog_Jim.jpg/440px-Meeker_dog_Jim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>米克的狗“吉姆”</figcaption></figure> <p>1852年踏上俄勒冈小径时米克车上没狗,但他知道人们喜欢狗,这次准备带狗上路<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199226_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199226-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。牧羊犬吉姆体型壮实、态度友好,是他此后六年的忠实伙伴,狗主人詹姆斯先生是米克近邻。看到吉姆只需缓慢靠近就能把詹姆斯家浆果地的鸡赶跑,米克颇感惊叹,向詹姆斯的孩子支付五美元买下狗。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200610_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200610-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>米克的朋友劝他年纪大了不要再冒险上路,地方神职人员警告“计划不切实际”,声称“让老人开始旅程,最后死在群山峻岭间实在残忍”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197216_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197216-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>米克曾于1905年驾驶牛力车到波特兰参加<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%9C%E5%BE%81%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%8D%9A%E8%A7%88%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刘易斯和克拉克远征百年纪念博览会(页面不存在)">刘易斯和克拉克远征百年纪念博览会</a>,沿途留意哪些地方适合为开拓先锋从哥伦比亚河走向普吉特海湾的考利茨小径竖立纪念物,与沿途城镇居民达成协议筹资立碑。他为筹资讲演但收效甚微,只记得他是“啤酒花之王”的人报以嘲笑,米克不为所动带队试驾一天。他花费数天先后在自家草坪和附近地点练习扎营,1906年2月19日从奥林匹亚踏上征程。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199229–30_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199229–30-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200615_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200615-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="回归小径(1906至1908年)"><span id=".E5.9B.9E.E5.BD.92.E5.B0.8F.E5.BE.84.EF.BC.881906.E8.87.B31908.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>回归小径(1906至1908年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:回归小径(1906至1908年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tenino_marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tenino_marker.jpg/220px-Tenino_marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tenino_marker.jpg/330px-Tenino_marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tenino_marker.jpg/440px-Tenino_marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2062" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption>米克回归小径后在华盛顿州<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%BA_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="特奈诺 (华盛顿州)">特奈诺</a>竖立第一个路碑(摄于2013年)</figcaption></figure> <p>拉森介绍米克旅程的著作写道:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>人们很容易以为,以斯拉·米克1906至1908年在俄勒冈小径的非凡探险按步就班,如同润滑完美的机器……但事实并非如此……众人对此行根本没什么信心,愿意鼓励的更没几个。他的亲生女儿都表示,如果带几头老牛踏上小径,人们只会报以嘲笑……<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20068_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20068-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>华盛顿州<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%BA_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="特奈诺 (华盛顿州)">特奈诺</a>是“老俄勒冈小径纪念碑探险队”离开奥林匹亚后的第一站,米克20日乘火车前往安排此行首座路碑。没人帮他拉车,马把他和车拉进城,牛跟在后面。他向当地采石场求购合适的石头,经过雕刻于21日在特奈诺的仪式上揭幕。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922173–174_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922173–174-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20066,_16_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20066,_16-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>南下前往<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD_(%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B7%9E)" title="波特蘭 (俄勒岡州)">波特兰</a>途中情况不再像开始时这么顺利,华盛顿州其他地点都没有人赏识他的举措,米克只能在应该立碑的位置放置木柱,但沿途城镇基本不予理睬。进入波特兰后情况依旧,一位论派教会长老投票反对米克到教堂讲演筹资,发誓不会“鼓励老人到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="北美大平原">大平原</a>送死”。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20068,_17–20_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20068,_17–20-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>跟随米克上路的助手大都在波特兰离开,其中一人不接受降薪,其他人自称有私人原因。仅一人留下来一起乘船走过哥伦比亚河,在达尔斯与米克分道扬镳。米克在达尔斯以30美元月薪聘请威廉·马登赶车煮饭,两人此后同行三年。米克在车上装<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%A8%8B%E9%8C%B6" title="里程錶">里程錶</a>,把达尔斯定为起点。他在达尔斯向公众自我介绍,包括畜力车和牲畜,发表俄勒冈小径主题演说并售票,成人要价50美分,儿童半价,还用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%B9%BB%E7%81%AF%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立体幻灯机(页面不存在)">立体幻灯机</a>放映图片。他与公民委员会见面,为地方路碑筹资。路碑大多是在米克离开后竖立,他先用木柱指定位置。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200622–27_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200622–27-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>新闻工作者詹姆斯·奥尔德雷奇1975年的文章指出:“年过古稀的他无疑非常健康、耐力过人……引人好奇的队伍经过时,正是米克本人最引人注目,特别是飘逸白发和代表父权之胡须包围的脸”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldredge19753–5_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldredge19753–5-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。记者巴特·里普1993年写道:“1906年东征本应是巡回演讲,但人们对坐在篷车里的老头儿更有兴趣。这是20世纪,美国人想看表演。”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERipp19933–4_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERipp19933–4-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克从达尔斯继续向东,缓慢行经俄勒冈州和爱达荷州,沿途遇到的人反倒比故乡更加热情。消息逐渐传开,沿途乡亲往往为他到来做好准备,需要的石块也已订购甚至送到。1906年4月30日,米克在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF" title="博伊西">博伊西</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E9%81%94%E8%8D%B7%E5%B7%9E%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%88" title="愛達荷州議會大廈">愛達荷州議會大廈</a>前为路碑揭幕。路上他就像半个世纪前一样露营,但只要进城大多就入住酒店,只是付款方尚无定论。经过怀俄明州<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南方山道(页面不存在)">南方山道</a>时,米克雕刻石碑标识俄勒冈小径穿过<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%88%86%E6%B0%B4%E5%B2%AD" title="美洲大陆分水岭">美洲大陆分水岭</a>的位置。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199233–49_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199233–49-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克的回忆录写道:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>看到距南方山道32公里的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3_(%E6%80%80%E4%BF%84%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯威特沃特河 (怀俄明州)">斯威特沃特河</a>,悲喜交集的回忆涌上心头<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。我还记得多年前沿河跋涉时那波光粼粼的清澈河水、两岸的绿色低矮树丛、宁静的营地。如今我看到同一片山水飞速后退,却见不到营地篝火与瘦骨嶙峋的牛群,听不见铃铛声响和呼喊孩子的声音,也没有人在山坡上埋葬死者。一切都不知所踪。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922195_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922195-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_in_Omaha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Meeker_in_Omaha.jpg/220px-Meeker_in_Omaha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Meeker_in_Omaha.jpg/330px-Meeker_in_Omaha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Meeker_in_Omaha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>米克抵达奥哈马</figcaption></figure> <p>内布拉斯加州对米克的宣传颇显反感,公牛特威斯特估计因食物中毒死在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF%E7%B8%A3_(%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="林肯縣 (內布拉斯加州)">林肯县</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA_(%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E)" title="布雷迪 (內布拉斯加州)">布雷迪</a>附近。米克不得不向家乡发电报找支持者要钱,临时聘请几队马匹拉车。尝试用两头母牛一起拉车失败后,他把“戴夫”和母牛合为一轭,结果反倒比两头母牛更合适。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200651–55_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200651–55-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199259–60_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199259–60-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>米克在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥马哈联合畜牧场(页面不存在)">奥马哈畜牧场</a>买下公牛并起名丹迪,训练它拉车朝米克曾经居住、距皮阿拉普4200公里的印第安纳波利斯前进<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922211_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922211-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。米克把沿途照片制成明信片,从内布拉斯加州开始销售,顺应美国当时的明信片热潮。他还把1852年旅程经历印刷成书,大部分是在1906年旅途休息时所写,利用明信片和图书销售所得支付沿途费用。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200661–68_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200661–68-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>西海岸报纸密切关注米克的行程,转载东部和中西部报刊文章,一旦发现有人对米克态度不佳,措辞愤怒的社论便接踵而至<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197216_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197216-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_in_Wall_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Meeker_in_Wall_Street.jpg/220px-Meeker_in_Wall_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Meeker_in_Wall_Street.jpg/330px-Meeker_in_Wall_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Meeker_in_Wall_Street.jpg/440px-Meeker_in_Wall_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1093" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>米克抵达华尔街</figcaption></figure> <p>经过1852年出发的埃迪维尔后,米克在印第安纳波利斯停留数周,街头推销许可过期后于1907年3月1日离开。至此俄勒冈小径已经走完,他继续向东走过俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州、纽约州,希望在卖货挣钱同时提升公众兴趣。他经常每到一处就停留数天,只要明信片和图书热销。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200656–61,_68–77_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200656–61,_68–77-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>抵达纽约时<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7" title="紐約市市長">市长</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小乔治·麦克莱伦(页面不存在)">小乔治·麦克莱伦</a>不在,代理市长表示不能颁发许可,但可以指示警察不要干涉米克做生意。代理市长的意思显然没有充分传达,警察在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93" title="第十大道">阿姆斯特丹大道</a>与161街路口附近逮捕米克的助手马登,在街头赶牛有违当地法规。警察不知道怎么赶牛,米克拒绝协助,事态陷入僵局,局势在上级下令释放马登后缓解。米克想驾车驶过百老汇,但所涉法律问题花一个月才解决。相比之下,他只用六小时就驾车穿过曼哈顿,后来还驾车走过<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B" title="布魯克林大橋">布魯克林大橋</a>。他邀请媒体拍照,在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="纽约证券交易所">纽约证券交易所</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%A1%97" title="华尔街">华尔街</a>对面的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%A0%82" title="联邦国家纪念堂">财政部大楼</a>留影。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922214–218_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922214–218-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_and_Teddy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Meeker_and_Teddy.jpg/220px-Meeker_and_Teddy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Meeker_and_Teddy.jpg/330px-Meeker_and_Teddy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Meeker_and_Teddy.jpg/440px-Meeker_and_Teddy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>米克向<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" title="西奥多·罗斯福">西奥多·罗斯福</a>总统(中)介绍牛车</figcaption></figure> <p>米克在新泽西州伊丽莎白故居与亲友短暂聚首,随后南下前往哥伦比亚特区。他本想在<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B3%B6" title="長島">長島</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A1%E8%9B%8E%E6%B9%BE_(%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E)" title="牡蛎湾 (纽约州)">牡蛎湾</a>拜访避暑的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" title="西奥多·罗斯福">西奥多·罗斯福</a>,但总统幕僚不同意,请他到首都再见。经华盛顿州国会议员穿针引线,罗斯福1907年11月29日接见米克。罗斯福走出白宫看望米克的牛车和助手,表示支持他的举动,也支持米克建设横越全国公路(当时美国还没有这样的公路)纪念拓荒先锋的提议。旅程在首都划上句点,米克从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%B9%E5%A0%A1" title="匹兹堡">匹兹堡</a>乘火车返回皮阿拉普探望生病的夫人。返回东部路上他坐过船和火车,乘畜力车穿过密苏里州。米克在波特兰下火车后北上缓慢穿过华盛顿州,沿途反响远比出发时热烈,最后在1908年7月18日到达西雅图。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200686–114_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200686–114-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宣传小径(1909至1925年)"><span id=".E5.AE.A3.E4.BC.A0.E5.B0.8F.E5.BE.84.EF.BC.881909.E8.87.B31925.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>宣传小径(1909至1925年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:宣传小径(1909至1925年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_pay_streak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Meeker_pay_streak.jpg/220px-Meeker_pay_streak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Meeker_pay_streak.jpg/330px-Meeker_pay_streak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Meeker_pay_streak.jpg/440px-Meeker_pay_streak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>1909年米克驾牛车到西雅图参加阿拉斯加-育空-太平洋世界博览会</figcaption></figure> <p>米克1909年在西雅图召开的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%EF%BC%8D%E8%82%B2%E7%A9%BA%EF%BC%8D%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%9A%E8%A7%88%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉斯加-育空-太平洋世界博览会(页面不存在)">阿拉斯加-育空-太平洋世界博览会</a>经营拓荒先锋大型展厅和餐饮,后来颇为懊悔地表示此行导致前两年重返俄勒冈小径挣的钱大幅缩水。同年他还带队乘畜力车前往加利福尼亚州。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1909年,已经好些年身体状况不佳的伊丽莎在西雅图去世<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199292_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199292-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,丈夫当时还在旧金山兜售货物,信使花费三天才找到他,北上参加葬礼后米克继续做生意<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200697–98_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200697–98-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1910年元旦,米克带队驾驶牛车参加<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E8%90%A8%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3_(%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E)" title="帕萨迪纳 (加利福尼亚州)">帕萨迪纳</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E8%8A%B1%E8%BD%A6%E6%B8%B8%E8%A1%8C" title="玫瑰花车游行">玫瑰花车游行</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen28_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen28-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1910年,联邦众议院通过旨在为俄勒冈小径路碑拨款的《汉弗莱法案》,交参议院审议时法案附带规定,国会拨款前必须等待<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="美国战争部长">战争部长</a>证实无须进一步拨款。米克同年再度踏上为期两年的征程,此时重点不再是纪念物,而是找到并标识昔日小径方位。移民畜力车在路面留下的有些车辙还在,足以明确小径位置,但事情不会一直这么顺利,许多时候他只能借助老人的回忆。他走到德克萨斯州,但居民对他的计划不感兴趣。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199265_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199265-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen30_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen30-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1912年米克在丹佛遭遇洪灾,准备销售的书籍受损,旅程至此结束<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen33_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen33-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。据弗兰克·格林的著作记载,米克两趟行程共推动竖立150块路碑<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen30_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen30-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1913年参议院通过修改的《汉弗莱法案》,但因众议院没有及时审核胎死腹中<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。民间团体开始自行标识西部小径:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国革命之子(页面不存在)">美国革命之子</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%A5%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国革命之女(页面不存在)">美国革命之女</a>1916年在考利茨小径沿线挂纪念牌匾<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200620–21_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200620–21-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_airplane_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meeker_airplane_1921.jpg/220px-Meeker_airplane_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meeker_airplane_1921.jpg/330px-Meeker_airplane_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Meeker_airplane_1921.jpg/440px-Meeker_airplane_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>米克和助手1921年试开飞机</figcaption></figure> <p>米克打算1915年到旧金山参加<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%9A%E8%A7%88%E4%BC%9A" title="巴拿马万国博览会">巴拿马万国博览会</a>,1913年就开始计划。他把畜力车和牛捐给塔科马某公园,但当地官员担心为他建展馆成本太高,米克于是收回车和牲畜带往加利福尼亚州。他觉得丹迪已经不适合旅途奔波,1914年6月在波特兰宰掉并把皮运回塔科马剥制标本;戴夫同年11月在加利福尼亚州遭遇同等命运。米克的车在旧金山参展,他口中俄勒冈小径的故事是博览会明星景点。他要求在游人最多的周日开放展位,为此与州立大厦的政府官员起争执。博览会结束后,米克的牛和车留在华盛顿州历史博物馆展出,1995年展馆迁入新址,米克的车太过残旧,已不适合展示。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDave_and_Dandy_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDave_and_Dandy-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen20,_22_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen20,_22-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006116_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006116-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1916年,85岁高龄的米克乘<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A2%E8%B7%AF%E8%80%85%E8%BD%BF%E8%BD%A6_(1912%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="探路者轿车 (1912年)(页面不存在)">探路者轿车</a>再度走上俄勒冈小径。印第安纳波利斯探路者公司为制造宣传噱头把借给米克的车上盖制成类似畜力车,随车配备司机。米克还拿到少量补助,乘车从哥伦比亚特区到奥林匹亚。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199265–68_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199265–68-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他认为驾车能促使公众认可建设横贯大陆公路<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen30_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen30-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,一路上他演讲鼓吹国家需要公路,从首都出发前他还拜访<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="伍德罗·威尔逊">伍德罗·威尔逊</a>总统探讨建设国家公路<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen33_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen33-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>据怀俄明州俄勒冈小径拓荒先锋<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A4%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E7%89%A7%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汤姆·桑牧场(页面不存在)">汤姆·桑</a>之孙伯纳德·桑回忆:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>他驾驶带篷畜力车在拉什溪旁扎营,一伙人吃起来狼吞虎咽,在周边所有牧场搜寻食物。我奶奶看到他就讨厌。他在餐桌前梳理长发,吃东西时就把假牙放进嘴里,说话时又吐出来。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker's_markersA1,_A24_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker's_markersA1,_A24-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_Coolidge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Meeker_Coolidge.jpg/170px-Meeker_Coolidge.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Meeker_Coolidge.jpg/255px-Meeker_Coolidge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Meeker_Coolidge.jpg/340px-Meeker_Coolidge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="3984" /></a><figcaption>米克与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E7%AB%8B%E8%8A%9D" title="卡尔文·柯立芝">卡尔文·柯立芝</a>总统谈笑风生(1924年)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>令公众无瑕顾及米克,他利用这段时间计划未来<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary322_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary322-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1919年12月29日是米克89岁生日,他开始撰写著作《华盛顿州七十年进步》,出版后颇受好评。他与<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E4%BB%96%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="犹他大学">犹他大学</a>(后来转到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="纽约大学">纽约大学</a>)英语教授<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍华德·德里格斯(页面不存在)">霍华德·德里格斯</a>合作修订后出版回忆录《俄勒冈小径的牛车岁月》。米克一生极少生病,但1922年一度病倒。报纸文章称他不愿躺在床上休息,当医生的孙子自称要尽力让爷爷躺回床上,“要是我做得到的话。”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197217_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197217-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>康复后已过鲐背之年的米克开始计划新旅程<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1924年俄亥俄州<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E9%A1%BF_(%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="代顿 (俄亥俄州)">代顿</a>举办国际航空赛,米克希望战争部同意他参赛,获许后与陆军飞行员<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥克利·凯利(页面不存在)">奥克利·凯利</a>一起飞行。停留博伊西时米克自称比以往乘牛车时更开心,还在代顿见到航空先驱<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%B9%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="莱特兄弟">奥维尔·莱特</a>时称:“坐飞机和草原篷车的差别会让你惊讶不已”。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219–20_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219–20-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–69_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–69-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>公众反响热烈,军方安排凯利把米克一直送到首都,见到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E7%AB%8B%E8%8A%9D" title="卡尔文·柯立芝">卡尔文·柯立芝</a>总统后乘火车回西雅图<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219–20_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219–20-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–71_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–71-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1924年米克竞选第47选区<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华盛顿州众议院(页面不存在)">州众议员</a>,希望推动政府在他70年前引导父亲等人通过的纳切斯山道修路,但在共和党初选以35票之差失利<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197211_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197211-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYT1924_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYT1924-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1925年米克再度乘牛车带队上路,随《米勒西部狂野秀》巡演数月<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacomaNT1925_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETacomaNT1925-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旅程终点(1925至1928年)"><span id=".E6.97.85.E7.A8.8B.E7.BB.88.E7.82.B9.EF.BC.881925.E8.87.B31928.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>旅程终点(1925至1928年)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:旅程终点(1925至1928年)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oregon_trail_memorial_half_dollar_commemorative_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Oregon_trail_memorial_half_dollar_commemorative_obverse.jpg/220px-Oregon_trail_memorial_half_dollar_commemorative_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Oregon_trail_memorial_half_dollar_commemorative_obverse.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%8D%8A%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="俄勒冈小径纪念半美元">俄勒冈小径纪念半美元</a>正面</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%8D%8A%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="俄勒冈小径纪念半美元">俄勒冈小径纪念半美元</a></div> <p>国会1925年仍未同意拨款标识俄勒冈小径。米克从爱荷华州希望加强保护<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍尔堡(页面不存在)">霍尔堡</a>的组织获悉,推动国会授权发行纪念币,并在法案指定组织以面额买断纪念币后自行加价向公众销售,产生的利润就相当于联邦资助。米克从1925年开始推动国会授权半美元纪念币,用于纪念拓荒先锋并筹资。1926年4月他到参议院委员会作证,期望通过立法。国会从善如流,柯立芝1926年5月17日在米克出席的仪式上签署法案。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198614–21_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198614–21-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association193213_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association193213-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_at_dedication.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Meeker_at_dedication.jpg/170px-Meeker_at_dedication.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Meeker_at_dedication.jpg/255px-Meeker_at_dedication.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Meeker_at_dedication.jpg/340px-Meeker_at_dedication.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption>米克塑像1926年9月14日揭幕,本人(右下)出席仪式</figcaption></figure> <p>米克1922年创办老俄勒冈小径协会,1926年初该组织在纽约注册成立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄勒冈小径纪念协会(页面不存在)">俄勒冈小径纪念协会</a>,美国公路协会在城内为他提供办公室。新法授权发行六百万枚<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%84%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%8D%8A%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="俄勒冈小径纪念半美元">俄勒冈小径纪念半美元</a>,指定俄勒冈小径纪念协会有权以面值从政府买断新硬币。半美元由<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B%E9%95%8D%E5%B8%81" title="野牛镍币">野牛镍币</a>设计师<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽(页面不存在)">詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽</a>与夫人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳拉·加丁·弗雷泽(页面不存在)">劳拉·加丁</a>设计。首批在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%9F%8E%E9%93%B8%E5%B8%81%E5%B1%80" title="费城铸币局">费城铸币局</a>生产4.8万枚,卖得差不多后又在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E9%93%B8%E5%B8%81%E5%B1%80" title="旧金山铸币局">旧金山铸币局</a>铸造十万,但有很多一直没卖掉。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%91%84%E5%B9%A3%E5%B1%80" title="美國鑄幣局">美國鑄幣局</a>1928年再度投产,但到米克去世都没发货,之前生产的还有数万枚卖不出。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary323–326_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary323–326-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>米克搬出夫人建起的府邸后就住在西雅图,他在皮阿拉普的故居所在地建起先锋公园,市民20世纪20年代中期在园内竖立塑像致敬米克。他们还尝试保护米克的故居,为半个世纪前伊丽莎种植的常春藤搭起蔓藤架。雕塑与蔓藤架建好后,米克于1926年回皮阿拉普参加揭幕式。95岁高龄的米克同年出版一生唯一的长篇小说《凯特·马尔霍尔,俄勒冈小径罗曼史》。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeker_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Meeker_grave.jpg/170px-Meeker_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Meeker_grave.jpg/255px-Meeker_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Meeker_grave.jpg/340px-Meeker_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1517" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption>皮阿拉普的以斯拉·米克之墓</figcaption></figure> <p>米克再度倡导建设更高级的道路并获<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9" title="亨利·福特">亨利·福特</a>支持<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary325_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary325-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,福特为他订制的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9A%E5%9E%8B%E8%BB%8A_(1927%EF%BC%8D1931%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="福特A型車 (1927-1931年)">A型车</a>上盖类似篷车,人称“牛汽车”,用于米克宣扬公路建设的新征程。1928年10月他在底特律因肺炎入院,回到西雅图后再度病倒。米克住进弗莱酒店,对女儿埃拉·米克·坦普尔顿表示“我不能死。我的事业还没完成。”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldredge19753–5_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldredge19753–5-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary325_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary325-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1928年12月3日,以斯拉·米克与世长辞,距他98岁生日只差一个月。他的遗体运回皮阿拉普,与伊丽莎相伴长眠伍德宾墓园。俄勒冈小径纪念协会1939年立起墓碑,上方是米克推动面世的俄勒冈小径纪念半美元图案,最下方的铭文写道:“他们为赢得并保住西部而来”。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197220–21_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197220–21-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199271_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199271-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影响"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dave_and_Dandy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dave_and_Dandy.jpg/170px-Dave_and_Dandy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dave_and_Dandy.jpg/255px-Dave_and_Dandy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dave_and_Dandy.jpg/340px-Dave_and_Dandy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>戴夫与丹迪2013年在位于塔科马的华盛顿州历史学会博物馆展出</figcaption></figure> <p>德里格斯继任俄勒冈小径纪念协会主席,协会更名美国拓荒先锋步道协会后继续任主席直到1963年以89岁高龄谢世。1930年是米克百年诞辰,也是首批畜力篷车从圣路易斯前往<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄勒冈国(页面不存在)">俄勒冈国</a>100周年,人称“篷车百年纪念”。怀俄明州<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E7%9F%B3_(%E6%80%80%E4%BF%84%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独立石 (怀俄明州)(页面不存在)">独立石</a>乃俄勒冈小径地标,7月3至5日此地举办盛大活动,包括在独立石上镶嵌牌匾向米克致敬。俄勒冈小径纪念协会多年夏季在小径沿线立碑。美国拓荒先锋步道协会退出历史舞台后,各州历史学会和俄勒冈-加利福尼亚小径协会等组织还在延续米克的事业。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198623–25_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198623–25-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary325–330_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary325–330-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>20世纪30年代俄勒冈小径纪念半美元持续投产,每批数量都不多,价格虚高、种类繁多且长期延续引起收藏爱好者不满,国会1939年禁止继续发行<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198624_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198624-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。20世纪20年代建成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%82%AF%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="林肯公路">林肯公路</a>开横贯美国公路先河,同类公路接踵而至。米克沿小径建公路的期望未能落实,但<a href="/wiki/30%E5%8F%B7%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93" title="30号美国国道">30号美国国道</a>基本与小径平行。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006118_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006118-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>皮阿拉普保有许多米克的遗址,如墓地、经过修复现归以斯拉·米克历史学会所有的米克府邸,先锋公园可见缠满常春藤的蔓藤架<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansion_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansion-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPioneer_Park_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioneer_Park-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199235_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199235-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatue_&_Cabin_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatue_&_Cabin-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oregon_Trail_at_Pacific_Springs,_Wyoming.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Oregon_Trail_at_Pacific_Springs%2C_Wyoming.jpg/170px-Oregon_Trail_at_Pacific_Springs%2C_Wyoming.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Oregon_Trail_at_Pacific_Springs%2C_Wyoming.jpg/255px-Oregon_Trail_at_Pacific_Springs%2C_Wyoming.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Oregon_Trail_at_Pacific_Springs%2C_Wyoming.jpg/340px-Oregon_Trail_at_Pacific_Springs%2C_Wyoming.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="1958" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B0%8F%E5%BE%91" title="奧勒岡小徑">奧勒岡小徑</a></figcaption></figure> <p>地方史家洛里·普莱斯指出:“米克近98年的漫长人生注重行动”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。史家大卫·达里的俄勒冈小径主题著作声称,米克为公众对小径重燃兴趣立下汗马功劳<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary322_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary322-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。伯特·韦伯表示,如果没有米克独自坚持、没有政府资助,如今就不会有留给世人欣赏的俄勒冈小径<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber19927_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber19927-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>德里格斯在米克去世后表示:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>商贩、猎人、淘金客、传教士、殖民者以火光照亮并踏过小径,直到公路从密苏里河直通太平洋。白驹过隙、铁道取代古老的俄勒冈小径,它的位置已为人遗忘,争议四起。这时那年近杖朝的老人爬上草原篷车,再现拓荒先锋西进之路,重返小径并标以路碑,或许人们乃至民族此后都不会忘记。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association19327–8_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association19327–8-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="著作"><span id=".E8.91.97.E4.BD.9C"></span>著作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:著作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_15605">Washington Territory West of the Cascade Mountains</a>. Olympia, Washington Territory: Printed at the Transcript Office. 1870 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780665156052" title="Special:网络书源/9780665156052"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780665156052</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/718439467"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 718439467</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Washington+Territory+West+of+the+Cascade+Mountains&rft.date=1870&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780665156052&rft.place=Olympia%2C+Washington+Territory&rft.pub=Printed+at+the+Transcript+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_15605&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F718439467&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924084808967">Hop Culture in the United States</a>. W.A. Lawrence. Puyallup, Washington Territory: E. Meeker & Co. 1880 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/499484270"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 499484270</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Meeker%2C+E.&rft.btitle=Hop+Culture+in+the+United+States&rft.date=1880&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Puyallup%2C+Washington+Territory&rft.pub=E.+Meeker+%26+Co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924084808967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F499484270&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pioneerreminisce00meekuoft">Pioneer Reminiscences of Puget Sound, the Tragedy of Leschi</a>. Seattle, WA: Lowman & Hanford Stationery and Print. Co. 1905 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/667877082"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 667877082</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Pioneer+Reminiscences+of+Puget+Sound%2C+the+Tragedy+of+Leschi&rft.date=1905&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA&rft.pub=Lowman+%26+Hanford+Stationery+and+Print.+Co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpioneerreminisce00meekuoft&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F667877082&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxteamoroldorego00meekrich">Ox Team; or, The Old Oregon Trail, 1852–1906</a>. New York, NY: Ezra Meeker. 1907 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/285181271">285181271</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/669330590">669330590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Ox+Team%3B+or%2C+The+Old+Oregon+Trail%2C+1852%E2%80%931906&rft.date=1907&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Ezra+Meeker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxteamoroldorego00meekrich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220424035014/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/2335200.html">Ventures and Adventures of Ezra Meeker</a>. Seattle, WA: Rainier Print. Co. 1908 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/679498491"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 679498491</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/2335200.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Ventures+and+Adventures+of+Ezra+Meeker&rft.date=1908&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA&rft.pub=Rainier+Print.+Co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2Fapi%2Fvolumes%2Foclc%2F2335200.html&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F679498491&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Personal Experiences on the Oregon Trail Sixty Years Ago. Saint Louis, MO: McAdoo Printing Co. 1912.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Personal+Experiences+on+the+Oregon+Trail+Sixty+Years+Ago&rft.date=1912&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Saint+Louis%2C+MO&rft.pub=McAdoo+Printing+Co.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Uncle Ezra's Pioneer Short Stories for Children. Tacoma, WA: D. W. Cooper. c. 1915. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/1957%2F12386"><span title="Handle System">hdl:1957/12386</span></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4935396">4935396</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/680290582">680290582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Uncle+Ezra%27s+Pioneer+Short+Stories+for+Children&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Tacoma%2C+WA&rft.pub=D.+W.+Cooper&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1957%2F12386&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220424035020/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft6tx3hj8k;view=1up;seq=7">The Busy Life of Eighty-Five Years of Ezra Meeker</a>. Seattle, WA: Ezra Meeker. 1916 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/679500468"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 679500468</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t6tx3hj8k;view=1up;seq=7">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=The+Busy+Life+of+Eighty-Five+Years+of+Ezra+Meeker&rft.date=1916&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA&rft.pub=Ezra+Meeker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc2.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft6tx3hj8k%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D7&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F679500468&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405160424/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035859282&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021">Seventy Years of Progress in Washington</a>. Seattle, WA / Tacoma, WA: Allstrum Printing Co. 1921 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/644000145">644000145</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/300598059">300598059</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035859282&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Seventy+Years+of+Progress+in+Washington&rft.date=1921&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA+%2F+Tacoma%2C+WA&rft.pub=Allstrum+Printing+Co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015035859282%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D1%26skin%3D2021&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Driggs, Howard R. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211231171805/https://www.sos.wa.gov/library/publications_detail.aspx?p=8">Ox-Team Days on the Oregon Trail</a>. Pioneer life series. F.N. Wilson (illustrator). Yonkers-on-Hudson, NY: World Book Co. 1922 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53229256">53229256</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746979402">746979402</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/681269138">681269138</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.wa.gov/library/publications_detail.aspx?p=8">原始内容</a>存档于2021-12-31).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Driggs%2C+Howard+R.&rft.btitle=Ox-Team+Days+on+the+Oregon+Trail&rft.date=1922&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Yonkers-on-Hudson%2C+NY&rft.pub=World+Book+Co&rft.series=Pioneer+life+series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.wa.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications_detail.aspx%3Fp%3D8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405161942/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3327318&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021">Kate Mulhall, a Romance of the Oregon Trail</a>. Landers Sanford, M.; Kausch, Rudolf A.; Lyons, Oscar W. (illustrators). New York, NY: Ezra Meeker. 1926 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/701648479"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 701648479</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3327318&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Meeker%2C+Ezra&rft.btitle=Kate+Mulhall%2C+a+Romance+of+the+Oregon+Trail&rft.date=1926&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Ezra+Meeker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3327318%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D7%26skin%3D2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F701648479&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:人物">人物主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">许多文献声称传主中间名是“曼宁”,但他哥哥约翰·瓦伦丁·米克的信写作“摩根”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1909_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1909-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">富兰克林邮局1877年迁离原址数英里,1883年更名<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E7%BA%B3_(%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%9E)" title="萨姆纳 (华盛顿州)">萨姆纳</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">他弟弟克拉克1854年在斯威特沃特河遇溺<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199250_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199250-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:脚注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1909-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1909_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1909">Meeker 1909</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen9-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen9_3-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen9_3-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen">Green</a>,第9頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker19221–2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker19221–2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第1–2頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacob_Grave-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacob_Grave_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacob_Grave">Jacob Grave</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker19222–13-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker19222–13_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第2–13頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice1982C3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice1982C3_7-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice1982C3_7-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice1982">Price 1982</a>,第C3頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192215–20-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192215–20_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第15–20頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-2"><sup><b>8.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCH198407-03D3,_D20,_D21_9-3"><sup><b>8.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPCH198407-03">PCH198407-03</a>,第D3, D20, D21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19725-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19725_10-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19725_10-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第5頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9_11-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9_11-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20137–9_11-2"><sup><b>10.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2013">Larsen 2013</a>,第7–9頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199214-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199214_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第14頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第22頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199215–16-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199215–16_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第15–16頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192233–34-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192233–34_15-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192233–34_15-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第33–34頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199215-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199215_16-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199215_16-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第15頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192243–55-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192243–55_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第43–55頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192255–69-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192255–69_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第55–69頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19726-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19726_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第6頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222,_50-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192222,_50_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第22, 50頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice1984D3,_D9-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice1984D3,_D9_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice1984">Price 1984</a>,第D3, D9頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199218-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199218_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第18頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199219–20-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199219–20_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第19–20頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETNT19220104-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETNT19220104_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTNT19220104">TNT19220104</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199220-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199220_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第20頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker192278–105-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker192278–105_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第78–105頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922108–134-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922108–134_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第108–134頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199220–21-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199220–21_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第20–21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199221-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199221_29-0"><sup><b>28.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199221_29-1"><sup><b>28.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199221_29-2"><sup><b>28.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19729-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19729_30-0"><sup><b>29.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society19729_30-1"><sup><b>29.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第9頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENisqually-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENisqually_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNisqually">Nisqually</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeschi's_first_trial-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeschi's_first_trial_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeschi's_first_trial">Leschi's first trial</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBecker2006-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-0"><sup><b>32.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-1"><sup><b>32.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-2"><sup><b>32.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-3"><sup><b>32.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBecker2006_33-4"><sup><b>32.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBecker2006">Becker 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFounder25-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFounder25_34-0"><sup><b>33.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFounder25_34-1"><sup><b>33.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFounder">Founder</a>,第25頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-0"><sup><b>34.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-1"><sup><b>34.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-2"><sup><b>34.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-3"><sup><b>34.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice199036–37,_43_35-4"><sup><b>34.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice1990">Price 1990</a>,第36–37, 43頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice20044B-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice20044B_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice2004">Price 2004</a>,第4B頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPSH186907112-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPSH186907112_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPSH18690711">PSH18690711</a>,第2頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVR186907031-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVR186907031_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVR18690703">VR18690703</a>,第1頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198621-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198621_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1986">Webber 1986</a>,第21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200246-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200246_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPriceAnderson2002">Price & Anderson 2002</a>,第46頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEpost_office-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEpost_office_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFpost_office">post office</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMap-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMap_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMap">Map</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197213-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197213_44-0"><sup><b>42.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197213_44-1"><sup><b>42.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第13頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197211-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197211_45-0"><sup><b>43.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197211_45-1"><sup><b>43.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第11頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConvention-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConvention_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConvention">Convention</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker189612-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker189612_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1896">Meeker 1896</a>,第12頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper1898676-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarper1898676_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarper1898">Harper 1898</a>,第676頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansion26-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansion26_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansion">Mansion</a>,第26頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197214-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197214_50-0"><sup><b>48.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197214_50-1"><sup><b>48.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第14頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20091–2-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20091–2_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2009">Larsen 2009</a>,第1–2頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200271-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200271_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPriceAnderson2002">Price & Anderson 2002</a>,第71頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20095-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20095_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2009">Larsen 2009</a>,第5頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20094–7-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20094–7_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2009">Larsen 2009</a>,第4–7頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20099–11-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20099–11_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2009">Larsen 2009</a>,第9–11頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199222-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222_56-0"><sup><b>54.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222_56-1"><sup><b>54.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222_56-2"><sup><b>54.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第22頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20098–9,_103-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20098–9,_103_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2009">Larsen 2009</a>,第8–9, 103頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20093,_9,_120–121-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20093,_9,_120–121_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2009">Larsen 2009</a>,第3, 9, 120–121頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197212–13-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197212–13_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第12–13頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary311-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary311_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDary">Dary</a>,第311頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199222–23-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199222–23_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第22–23頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199223–27-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199223–27_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第23–27頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199224–26-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199224–26_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第24–26頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20068–9-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20068–9_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第8–9頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199226-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199226_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第26頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200610-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200610_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第10頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197216-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197216_67-0"><sup><b>65.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197216_67-1"><sup><b>65.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第16頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199229–30-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199229–30_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第29–30頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200615-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200615_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第15頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20068-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20068_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第8頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922173–174-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922173–174_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第173–174頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20066,_16-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20066,_16_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第6, 16頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen20068,_17–20-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen20068,_17–20_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第8, 17–20頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200622–27-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200622–27_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第22–27頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldredge19753–5-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldredge19753–5_75-0"><sup><b>73.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldredge19753–5_75-1"><sup><b>73.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAldredge1975">Aldredge 1975</a>,第3–5頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERipp19933–4-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERipp19933–4_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRipp1993">Ripp 1993</a>,第3–4頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199233–49-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199233–49_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第33–49頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199250-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199250_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第50頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922195-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922195_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第195頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200651–55-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200651–55_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第51–55頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199259–60-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199259–60_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第59–60頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922211-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922211_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第211頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200661–68-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200661–68_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第61–68頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200656–61,_68–77-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200656–61,_68–77_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第56–61, 68–77頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922214–218-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker1922214–218_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker1922">Meeker 1922</a>,第214–218頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200686–114-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200686–114_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第86–114頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-0"><sup><b>85.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-1"><sup><b>85.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-2"><sup><b>85.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006117_88-3"><sup><b>85.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第117頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199292-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199292_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第92頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200697–98-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200697–98_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第97–98頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen28-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen28_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen">Green</a>,第28頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199265-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199265_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第65頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen30-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen30_93-0"><sup><b>90.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen30_93-1"><sup><b>90.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen30_93-2"><sup><b>90.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen">Green</a>,第30頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen33-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen33_94-0"><sup><b>91.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen33_94-1"><sup><b>91.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen">Green</a>,第33頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200620–21-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200620–21_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第20–21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDave_and_Dandy-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDave_and_Dandy_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDave_and_Dandy">Dave and Dandy</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen20,_22-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen20,_22_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen">Green</a>,第20, 22頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006116-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006116_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第116頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199265–68-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199265–68_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第65–68頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeeker's_markersA1,_A24-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeeker's_markersA1,_A24_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeeker's_markers">Meeker's markers</a>,第A1, A24頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary322-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary322_101-0"><sup><b>98.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary322_101-1"><sup><b>98.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDary">Dary</a>,第322頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197217-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197217_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第17頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第19頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219–20-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219–20_104-0"><sup><b>101.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197219–20_104-1"><sup><b>101.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第19–20頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–69-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–69_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第68–69頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–71-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199268–71_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第68–71頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENYT1924-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYT1924_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNYT1924">NYT1924</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETacomaNT1925-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacomaNT1925_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTacomaNT1925">TacomaNT1925</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198614–21-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198614–21_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1986">Webber 1986</a>,第14–21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association193213-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association193213_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association1932">Driggs, Meeker & Oregon Trail Memorial Association 1932</a>,第13頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary323–326-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary323–326_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDary">Dary</a>,第323–326頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273_112-0"><sup><b>109.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273_112-1"><sup><b>109.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriceAnderson200273_112-2"><sup><b>109.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPriceAnderson2002">Price & Anderson 2002</a>,第73頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary325-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary325_113-0"><sup><b>110.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary325_113-1"><sup><b>110.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDary">Dary</a>,第325頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197220–21-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society197220–21_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972">Ezra Meeker Historical Society 1972</a>,第20–21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199271-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199271_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第71頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198623–25-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198623–25_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1986">Webber 1986</a>,第23–25頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDary325–330-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDary325–330_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDary">Dary</a>,第325–330頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber198624-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber198624_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1986">Webber 1986</a>,第24頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2006118-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2006118_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2006">Larsen 2006</a>,第118頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansion-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansion_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansion">Mansion</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioneer_Park-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPioneer_Park_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPioneer_Park">Pioneer Park</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199235-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199235_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第35頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatue_&_Cabin-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatue_&_Cabin_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStatue_&_Cabin">Statue & Cabin</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber19927-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber19927_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebber1992">Webber 1992</a>,第7頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association19327–8-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association19327–8_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association1932">Driggs, Meeker & Oregon Trail Memorial Association 1932</a>,第7–8頁.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMeeker1909" class="citation news">Meeker, John Valentine. John Valentine Meeker letter (Letter). Letter to. Puyallup, Washington: Ezra Meeker Historical Society. 1909-11. Accession No. 1982.059.3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=John+Valentine+Meeker+letter&rft.aufirst=John+Valentine&rft.aulast=Meeker&rft.date=1909-11&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJacob_Grave" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/63242292/jacob-redding-meeker">Jacob Redding Meeker</a>. Find a Grave. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205194321/https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/63242292/jacob-redding-meeker">存档</a>于2022-02-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Jacob+Redding+Meeker&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Find+a+Grave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.findagrave.com%2Fmemorial%2F63242292%2Fjacob-redding-meeker&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDary" class="citation book">Dary, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oregontrailameri00dary">The Oregon Trail: An American Saga</a>. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-375-41399-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-375-41399-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-375-41399-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Dary&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Trail%3A+An+American+Saga&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-375-41399-5&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foregontrailameri00dary&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDriggsMeekerOregon_Trail_Memorial_Association1932" class="citation book">Driggs, Howard R; Meeker, Ezra; Oregon Trail Memorial Association. Covered-wagon centennial and Ox-teams days. Yonkers-on-Hudson, NY: World Book Company. 1932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/898317529"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 898317529</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Meeker%2C+Ezra&rft.au=Oregon+Trail+Memorial+Association&rft.aufirst=Howard+R&rft.aulast=Driggs&rft.btitle=Covered-wagon+centennial+and+Ox-teams+days&rft.date=1932&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Yonkers-on-Hudson%2C+NY&rft.pub=World+Book+Company&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F898317529&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEzra_Meeker_Historical_Society1972" class="citation book">Ezra Meeker Historical Society. Ezra Meeker: compiled from his own writings, magazine and newspaper accounts of his many activities, and the writings of his contemporaries. Puyallup, WA: Ezra Meeker Historical Society. 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/10875105"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 10875105</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Ezra+Meeker+Historical+Society&rft.btitle=Ezra+Meeker%3A+compiled+from+his+own+writings%2C+magazine+and+newspaper+accounts+of+his+many+activities%2C+and+the+writings+of+his+contemporaries&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Puyallup%2C+WA&rft.pub=Ezra+Meeker+Historical+Society&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10875105&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGreen" class="citation book">Green, Frank S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oregontrailameri00dary">Ezra Meeker—Pioneer: A Guide to the Ezra Meeker Papers in the Library of the Washington State Historical Society</a>. Tacoma, WA: Washington State Historical Society. 1969 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-375-41399-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-375-41399-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-375-41399-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Frank+S.&rft.aulast=Green&rft.btitle=Ezra+Meeker%E2%80%94Pioneer%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Ezra+Meeker+Papers+in+the+Library+of+the+Washington+State+Historical+Society&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-375-41399-5&rft.place=Tacoma%2C+WA&rft.pub=Washington+State+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foregontrailameri00dary&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2006" class="citation book">Larsen, Dennis M. The Missing Chapters: The Untold Story of Ezra Meeker's Old Oregon Trail Monument Expedition January 1906 to July 1908. Puyallup, WA: Ezra Meeker Historical Society. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-9674164-2-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-9674164-2-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-9674164-2-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Dennis+M.&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.btitle=The+Missing+Chapters%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+Ezra+Meeker%27s+Old+Oregon+Trail+Monument+Expedition+January+1906+to+July+1908&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-9674164-2-7&rft.place=Puyallup%2C+WA&rft.pub=Ezra+Meeker+Historical+Society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2009" class="citation book">Larsen, Dennis M. Slick as a Mitten: Ezra Meeker's Klondike Enterprise. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87422-302-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87422-302-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-87422-302-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Dennis+M.&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.btitle=Slick+as+a+Mitten%3A+Ezra+Meeker%27s+Klondike+Enterprise&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-87422-302-6&rft.place=Pullman%2C+WA&rft.pub=Washington+State+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMeeker1922" class="citation book">Meeker, Ezra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxteamdaysonore00driggoog">Ox-Team Days on the Oregon Trail</a> revised. Yonkers, NY: The World Book Company. 1922 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-05</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/654210822"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 654210822</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Ezra&rft.aulast=Meeker&rft.btitle=Ox-Team+Days+on+the+Oregon+Trail&rft.date=1922&rft.edition=revised&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Yonkers%2C+NY&rft.pub=The+World+Book+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxteamdaysonore00driggoog&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F654210822&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPriceAnderson2002" class="citation book">Price, Lori; Anderson, Ruth. Puyallup: A Pioneer Paradise. The Making of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7385-2374-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7385-2374-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-7385-2374-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Ruth&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.btitle=Puyallup%3A+A+Pioneer+Paradise&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-2374-3&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.series=The+Making+of+America&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWebber1986" class="citation book">Webber, Bert. The Oregon Trail Memorial Half-Dollar. Medford, OR: Webb Research Group. 1986. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-936738-16-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-936738-16-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-936738-16-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Trail+Memorial+Half-Dollar&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-936738-16-2&rft.place=Medford%2C+OR&rft.pub=Webb+Research+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWebber1992" class="citation book">Webber, Bert; Webber, Margie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ezrameekerchampi0000webb">Ezra Meeker; Champion of the Oregon Trail</a>. Medford, OR: Webb Research Group. 1992. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-936738-19-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-936738-19-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-936738-19-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Webber%2C+Margie&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.btitle=Ezra+Meeker%3B+Champion+of+the+Oregon+Trail&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-936738-19-7&rft.place=Medford%2C+OR&rft.pub=Webb+Research+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fezrameekerchampi0000webb&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPrice1982" class="citation news">Price, Lori. He would have loved it: Energetic Ezra liked excitement. Pierce County Herald. 1982-07-06: C3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=He+would+have+loved+it%3A+Energetic+Ezra+liked+excitement&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1982-07-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=C3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2013" class="citation journal">Larsen, Dennis. The Ballard Family on the Oregon Trail in 1852. Northwest Trails (Oregon-California Trails Association, Northwest Chapter). Spring 2013, <b>28</b> (1): 7–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=The+Ballard+Family+on+the+Oregon+Trail+in+1852&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Trails&rft.pages=7-9&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=28&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPrice1984" class="citation news">Price, Lori. <span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Hop King' marked Oregon Trail line. Pierce County Herald. 1984-07-03: D3, D9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=%27Hop+King%27+marked+Oregon+Trail+line&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1984-07-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=D3%2C+D9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTNT19220104" class="citation news">Ezra Meeker is lively at 91 years. Tacoma News-Tribune. 1922-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Ezra+Meeker+is+lively+at+91+years&rft.date=1922-01-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tacoma+News-Tribune&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPCH198407-03" class="citation news">Price, Lori. Ezra Meeker had little rest in life. Pierce County Herald. 1984-07-03: D3, D20, D21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Ezra+Meeker+had+little+rest+in+life&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1984-07-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=D3%2C+D20%2C+D21&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNisqually" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historylink.org/File/5145">Nisqually Chief Leschi is hanged on February 19, 1858</a>. Historylink.org. 2003-01-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216110708/https://www.historylink.org/File/5145">存档</a>于2022-02-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Nisqually+Chief+Leschi+is+hanged+on+February+19%2C+1858&rft.date=2003-01-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Historylink.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2FFile%2F5145&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBecker2006" class="citation web">Becker, Paula. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historylink.org/File/7737">Meeker, Ezra (1830–1928)</a>. Washington State Historical Society. 2006-05-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107042146/https://www.historylink.org/file/7737">存档</a>于2022-01-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.btitle=Meeker%2C+Ezra+%281830%E2%80%931928%29&rft.date=2006-05-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Washington+State+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2FFile%2F7737&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPrice1990" class="citation news">Price, Lori. Hops blossomed into economic boom, bust. Pierce County Herald. 1990-08-25: 36–37, 43 (Puyallup Centennial special section).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Hops+blossomed+into+economic+boom%2C+bust&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1990-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=36-37%2C+43+%28Puyallup+Centennial+special+section%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPrice2004" class="citation news">Price, Lori. John, Ezra's older brother, was the beloved Meeker. Puyallup Herald. 2004-01-15: 4B.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=John%2C+Ezra%27s+older+brother%2C+was+the+beloved+Meeker&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=2004-01-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Puyallup+Herald&rft.pages=4B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPSH18690711" class="citation news">The Election. Puget Sound Herald. 1869-07-11: 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=The+Election&rft.date=1869-07-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Puget+Sound+Herald&rft.pages=2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVR18690703" class="citation news">Official Vote of Pierce County. Vancouver (Washington) Register. 1869-07-03: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Official+Vote+of+Pierce+County&rft.date=1869-07-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vancouver+%28Washington%29+Register&rft.pages=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLeschi's_first_trial" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107021745/http://stories.washingtonhistory.org/leschi/leschitrial/firsttrial.htm">Leschi's first trial</a>. Washington State Historical Society. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-01-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stories.washingtonhistory.org/leschi/leschitrial/firsttrial.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Leschi%27s+first+trial&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Washington+State+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstories.washingtonhistory.org%2Fleschi%2Fleschitrial%2Ffirsttrial.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFpost_office" class="citation news">Price, Lori. New Yorker helped establish first post office. Pierce County Herald. 1990-08-25: 16, 32 (Puyallup Centennial special section).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=New+Yorker+helped+establish+first+post+office&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1990-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=16%2C+32+%28Puyallup+Centennial+special+section%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMap" class="citation news">Price, Lori. Meeker puts Puyallup on map. Pierce County Herald. 1990-08-25: 3 (Puyallup Centennial special section).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Meeker+puts+Puyallup+on+map&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1990-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=3+%28Puyallup+Centennial+special+section%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFConvention" class="citation news">Republican Convention. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 1886-09-09: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Republican+Convention&rft.date=1886-09-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Post-Intelligencer&rft.pages=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarper1898" class="citation book">Harper, Ida Husted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog">The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony: Including Public Addresses, Her Own Letters and many From Her Contemporaries Over Fifty Years</a> <b>II</b>. Indianapolis: The Hallenbeck Press. 1898: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog/page/676/mode/2up">676</a> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-07</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Ida+Husted&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Susan+B.+Anthony%3A+Including+Public+Addresses%2C+Her+Own+Letters+and+many+From+Her+Contemporaries+Over+Fifty+Years&rft.date=1898&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=676&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=The+Hallenbeck+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeandworksusa01harpgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMeeker1896" class="citation news">Meeker, Ezra. Farm Field and Fireside. Tacoma Daily Ledger. 1896-08-09: 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Farm+Field+and+Fireside&rft.aufirst=Ezra&rft.aulast=Meeker&rft.date=1896-08-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tacoma+Daily+Ledger&rft.pages=12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMansion" class="citation news">Price, Lori. Mansion maintained to preserve history. Pierce County Herald. 1990-08-25: 26 (Puyallup Centennial special section).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Mansion+maintained+to+preserve+history&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1990-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=26+%28Puyallup+Centennial+special+section%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFounder" class="citation news">Price, Lori. Puyallup founder's life symbolized by hard work. Pierce County Herald. 1990-08-25: 25 (Puyallup Centennial special section).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Puyallup+founder%27s+life+symbolized+by+hard+work&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1990-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=25+%28Puyallup+Centennial+special+section%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAldredge1975" class="citation news">Aldredge, James. From Puyallup to Oyster Bay. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 1975-01-26: 3–5 (Northwest section).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=From+Puyallup+to+Oyster+Bay&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Aldredge&rft.date=1975-01-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Post-Intelligencer&rft.pages=3-5+%28Northwest+section%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRipp1993" class="citation news">Ripp, Bart. Ezra Meeker's pioneer daze. Tacoma News-Tribune. 1993-06-23: 3–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Ezra+Meeker%27s+pioneer+daze&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft.aulast=Ripp&rft.date=1993-06-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tacoma+News-Tribune&rft.pages=3-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMeeker's_markers" class="citation news">Ripp, Bart. Meeker's markers. Tacoma News-Tribune. 1993-06-04: A1, A24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Meeker%27s+markers&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft.aulast=Ripp&rft.date=1993-06-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tacoma+News-Tribune&rft.pages=A1%2C+A24&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNYT1924" class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1924/07/11/119041395.pdf">Ezra Meeker, at 94, will run for office</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="纽约时报">The New York Times</a>. 1924-07-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229155448/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1924/07/11/119041395.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false">存档</a>于2021-12-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Ezra+Meeker%2C+at+94%2C+will+run+for+office&rft.date=1924-07-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1924%2F07%2F11%2F119041395.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需付费查阅"><img alt="需付费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTacomaNT1925" class="citation news">Ezra Meeker in Wild West Show. Tacoma News-Tribune. 1925-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Ezra+Meeker+in+Wild+West+Show&rft.date=1925-02-19&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tacoma+News-Tribune&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDave_and_Dandy" class="citation web">Becker, Paula. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historylink.org/File/7760">Ezra Meeker's oxen Dave and Dandy arrive at the Washington State Historical Museum in Tacoma for permanent display on January 14, 1916</a>. Washington State Historical Society. 2006-06-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110034814/https://www.historylink.org/File/7760">存档</a>于2022-01-10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.btitle=Ezra+Meeker%27s+oxen+Dave+and+Dandy+arrive+at+the+Washington+State+Historical+Museum+in+Tacoma+for+permanent+display+on+January+14%2C+1916&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Washington+State+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2FFile%2F7760&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPioneer_Park" class="citation news">Price, Lori. Pioneer Park truly a Puyallup park pioneer. Pierce County Herald. 1990-08-25: 20–22 (Puyallup Centennial special section).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Pioneer+Park+truly+a+Puyallup+park+pioneer&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Price&rft.date=1990-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pierce+County+Herald&rft.pages=20-22+%28Puyallup+Centennial+special+section%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStatue_&_Cabin" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.puyallup.com/ezra-meeker-statue-cabin-in-pioneer-park/">Ezra Meeker Statue & Cabin in Pioneer Park</a>. Puyallup.com. 2015-10-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311011703/https://www.puyallup.com/ezra-meeker-statue-cabin-in-pioneer-park/">存档</a>于2022-03-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Ezra+Meeker+Statue+%26+Cabin+in+Pioneer+Park&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Puyallup.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.puyallup.com%2Fezra-meeker-statue-cabin-in-pioneer-park%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="扩展阅读"><span id=".E6.89.A9.E5.B1.95.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>扩展阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:扩展阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Larsen, Dennis M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hopkingezrameeke0000lars">Hop King: Ezra Meeker's Boom Years</a>. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press. 2016. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87422-342-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87422-342-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-87422-342-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.aufirst=Dennis+M.&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.btitle=Hop+King%3A+Ezra+Meeker%27s+Boom+Years&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-87422-342-2&rft.place=Pullman%2C+WA&rft.pub=Washington+State+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhopkingezrameeke0000lars&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611145317/http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/photosgraphics/MeekerEzraPHColl596.xml">Guide to the Photographs of Ezra Meeker ca. 1880–1928</a>. University of Washington Libraries. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-11</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/photosgraphics/MeekerEzraPHColl596.xml">原始内容</a>存档于2011-06-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+Photographs+of+Ezra+Meeker+ca.+1880%E2%80%931928&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Washington+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.washington.edu%2Fspecialcoll%2Ffindaids%2Fdocs%2Fphotosgraphics%2FMeekerEzraPHColl596.xml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ezra_Meeker" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ezra Meeker"><span style="font-weight:bold;">以斯拉·米克</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Meeker,+Ezra">Ezra Meeker的作品</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="古騰堡計劃">古騰堡計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>中<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%20Manning%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Meeker%2C%20E%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ezra%20Manning%20Meeker%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ezra%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22E%2E%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ezra%20Meeker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ezra%20Manning%20Meeker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ezra%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22E%2E%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22E%2E%20Manning%20Meeker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%20Manning%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Meeker%2C%20E%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Meeker%2C%20E%2E%20Manning%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ezra%20Meeker%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ezra%20Manning%20Meeker%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ezra%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20title%3A%22E%2E%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ezra%20Meeker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ezra%20Manning%20Meeker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ezra%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22E%2E%20M%2E%20Meeker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%20Manning%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%20M%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ezra%20Meeker%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Meeker%2C%20Ezra%22%29%20OR%20%28%221830-1928%22%20AND%20Meeker%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">以斯拉·米克的作品或与之相关的作品</a></li> 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5423387#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5423387#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/124817/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082237327">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/43228028">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmp9Qb7MgCyK7rvJRmrv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2053702">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1212688953">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007276963005171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14713341">比利时</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83329232">美国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15320606?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60k26x1">SNAC</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐664bdf464b‐9xjqz Cached time: 20241128184147 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: 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