CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135925fee89fce3',cH: 'FZcTDSjK4lpxgzP8USc.5N04ag4aZjhQ.fKbiodYNkk-1739793151-1.2.1.1-kHDeOEqDItdTW3_dD.SNgkO7IazsxJdsjH2yjIyrmzu5_lKeA93F3wf7hW4wqyfO',cUPMDTk: "\/9997742\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=mQ4tCJlla3LHu5EdqbstiVB13ixDFSti3MpKr_kzbKw-1739793151-1.0.1.1-BOIvoJDfpRsfnCeu3uYiRER8rthlPvvnKpu4sI8f.90",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793151',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9997742\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=mQ4tCJlla3LHu5EdqbstiVB13ixDFSti3MpKr_kzbKw-1739793151-1.0.1.1-BOIvoJDfpRsfnCeu3uYiRER8rthlPvvnKpu4sI8f.90",md: "xgEX_Vci896pa4NgM44M6P7dNFAjN3eeorNQ1QGvCbo-1739793151-1.2.1.1-fgcNTl_5PS4rYqGFYVkSx3vuGY.Aaf1_RGTddkpVe6YOiiDjIcAhr4uArcG9P9vRpfTNWmzTcHKrOx9Rx8wbNhp2Hw3_PSMYigPPVGBKrFfMjx8zpobQE3Rfvk8kN3JUgn8sxUDbcJ5gCAWHINM3bJvNU.HKtKYz4c7iKlQBmcU_DNsheVzJGr1GdoxquqgFxx6FtGVAbyS8LRHr0XlfGmAANZQM2UinadtPknvfrINQ7LzdT7MtSQuGTn8gSq5nBrDSwM.YLuGDdFsBI_zf0fPV3k0oszDow1AOYLKXOER.82UpRyitiEZwI7FbuDd54vDVCwiWRwCOV7mkkreWvLRsfcOQaRl5ALqz3lPBGqclIjA0SQX1_9mGrajltp.xpl3CmgsQ8hIHIam_hnU8b0wSDinnEUUPO9qway9TcVwkLpTgbyQZXis0080QGAPM3yMRYQ64BQIgQMB5A7i81_2lLhIIYNBOF0QoJAgKgjwziTFS1ZrdLjziCCG6.FGWENh6mQHc4QB5gc.e8ufZK4zCa8qSKfph2m4JbNWooY89IuvXAVdLBsjq9Ls8RulHOnii0TZwwdj9DwL1w3wLYuXvVVyP2YPIUkzozaiW2j1JYW99xwOVZVF.gMsmdCNZMOHZfbDtlNfWzIBxN2ncZCDpdHu1u7n2mbbBCUnG6naXyMJbFAnaJJjWGxqqVhKqcRnyKPwzEkU6Pp2vIeQFfxQ8mMdNPNEnrvGZBywlQ5PRPIqAlrLE73HC228nlBf9iI3ol4dolBbqgVL3gzyDTI71wC6dyQEnMaMF3irCQviPNFxdair0agbmB6_uSpNla6dWbMUmJuM5nz2zlNc0Ujoueb7TgoWdEyf.qn3kaK6_ODXixBshCDbo0Gvdk4Pszo4AeSiNhfVVSvYElURbPEix9OWq6.x11p.LjFxhe7y09QtbLr6RggzC1cZIuILem8qFTLjvB94uS2BKevg3euzOc6sbdPZuxUJQBGGdbtj1ndWc.86gyZOgRJvl600EudBlgpRxi8xs7t1I7Mefk6eDNsXtxZdrDCsu_nVYZgX6Q_XXQAPYiBwyJB6Bp7zBpG8TxY2BVfywuThgYGD5GFG8Yf8pIgwj70_u.F_4HRgC3IhmB3EOAbb6oKfU_AMxzmeIYWthrpbJ9_.bWMQ8O22XWmE0kgH9y0xrEzmkVlz0JH3zVu_gy9T1oG7jNG3aLOMDIuN_rNjcIzMZ0Z2G6JcZ4yP3FGZSIHWIlNeHARHudsVILH3DtBdpCfmRnyqU1ac9ACjPPl9gt7z4ttR4eLBzuLdR1Rt3q8agUW.m0.ib__WtSk1eiyEubsu2yczs0edPvHuEoNlKcO2cuUkJD5nmILz_sP.ZbIhbnIDgSI5jwkrQrgjUXcOIK8fc5w7Dnw0m1V7uwHj0DApamV93AvhOygfuv4h5hA0ZEGMJd.nTUlbBBY2NT84_OJ99rON9qmjx_.tjWCbz3AmjnoWm38Uv6OPDRUKnGjfWEWFmieCBTg7MwzOSRd0r2dKoVorM0nzZo75soeZiSeVYpFuO6dQaVqz5RH5.HdQryFXC2p69k_iGWLsMgR6Z6ctxYt0Tjz0nysVYUhgolQSfeS9kTX0a0J24EvC2bK31Q57YeU74WlManHv.6NTduNeFu1459MPGPgaY7DRcMiBAsqS8oGhqb1LV0oYJUtcdE0JncP.3BSaaqc3UEoF4RagR9M5RrhrGT4COXzt7o_inv_Ec67F_u8dTv2ovCZncV.NYMzqjlrDWN.fs7zzNMUOSxwRiwJtRm5FQvO5RLjjholUCPlBwOCOVWAuDDfGBU1rSDMZZRuAxx4xvjLUdh964twTQJQDF8F6yL_cAJIElvS4RvVxcp7jyqFTBBs0P500lXcs",mdrd: "EOyawlL6JrdPPGH5VvqEO.yWyxB_8qKzBD_5qNSTTrQ-1739793151-1.2.1.1-EgD2E.gOGY6vYKxoqgUCCxGCy.eqll_1mMVXjSh7A7oydV5y5ZIF3VVXJdZsX4xDaygu_fcj.o0.8S3cLLPgQuV96aPvks9g3a9lXpBupx7mnFbMZ6xotPMW5F6dP861yy4fCVVXRwtAormg_X8GSFLW.9Q89lsIAUpsdaYdBE5hdlx1Ar0ja_MlFq7US_bk5M5J3Vyt1tqy9P_kcv4m962yzWaj89rb92l2ut0hOHx.4aLtRSd36xwezWchcGV51wb1WglpllqBHyZDwnr3D0nN8pR0ci199yS010tYjToxJCCFyFg7r4UIdIvU7W_Rzp4DtMUsVvlvsfwG.tc7L7F4Zy_IkZg_PeKj8dr3RaBaG6SW9ZARps4ryj95KTOQ6Lf90Dwnjb39yQXaPSrOdrYItjmaHCOckAxBzVdHxHjlBFdstLoYovNC1lCK8LHiJmU6PCSFJon.VSXskBYxhqScn8Z29AYP0.PZdE4aL_Sv5DOp3Hy8kDh.1mx5Vnq5JVYS5SX3457vyGx_qT4P6v81KULY.SvBu7ezkeuZP7PonUs8.pTaUOmf2ADsBAU_jDnpAkgyKNZ_jIZQn7AaXGeg3UA4WlKqMpWFbStOtkPn9fDs1r1KJQExlPumvREofhHAD5_WpAdqVAEg12VzOoLscMexasdUwRcpRo0qDB6ycUZGBvH.cnEEYszhMsuaPDUi9ZfZAdUhMvh_GUSBBJ3ZIZYTF2287YQ6NisDVSm_bjcV74zRJjss8IkF00xVHh579joXdYRqC2Fiw57_8oD5Z4gJX.jFPUUGHY4IVODvOBSkXsy9zOOz8t1eNIAW6LWRHpxgr53pLIfY6d1fFimfvEAjAP6QVqa0DZbq3tn4Kf7sOVcsDponuNi8a398jMrQDOUBVqIuMFznO22ssrXXHXGi.0c0Ot7bUj5lR7Mk91Y4_U9WpCkcHDqFNX8Bv56kKf5r1mcTlGqu6O3FBFXUbLjv1T4iCDL5UNAcUEEKzHJavKQiAKXRKr7g5Kk3_msyt3AAiFEQD3u1mIr_QZIT.XGugMsE3qy_O8xLUz_SjX52pSKKPUudjSkhlDp.rpkIbr6DYPWODagAVLmCCTNL_SyVOL5PmAynKG6XMpGP0TG.c7SBDB_P34jWWPSh29H.Au5bk4AffVWiolPAFqo2l8m49fB0zWlMHPUVHF0ZSRFQQD17za3y0DXDQc3WOq0l4WD1uSQSZ6nwzLCL4RECDi483OZMAiGTa3cyy4ldZVBVGHCz6RQ2jA3Q6MOCnMSQTZy3Vpby03nBeLZeA6hRRCm.yObUBuQUx8e.6YgXVn4XU0LbOUZxhlRGSulfOAXPjb_sHix3OO7iauVbolQEU6YpZJk4jF8zFkAM1Uj8gJjPn430XSkgwyhXbNT4U9A9ZLxjaU4cYBUwbD_wFIB.jGf4ms7Aj2zjuQ..z267LvI55WKS6cL6_mDhLy8Esg24o3Ep3bGHvinuBZoB8gzfEU.0T045cX4ropjq1FDBmEp5CzmAOVUaOHE8ci.ILO3nTcAliT2bmGB3gPFotj75pf08Mj8R621JNh4zqdEspH7h2t83E1I1oV1IF6oKK8pvA0DiIvGFkYT_O6YcqqXM6WJJRBCgwePlabNzD1oTlQLv2JWjzWQdw6E.mt.Jhh3DwKHEfsbXc1ye5qd6vpSGoInYcUW4SvMuvIhNkcIgCRzp..qswMBeZaQXGqPFcTy4bjt80KtKOpDo23mViNZNZuZXgXGnNxDehK5MRSIKQbmTj2EyAaxMbNnOCZQebGnGE1q2HrKKdtG4Qr1O1uPQaFNwaedO7pr.LZ85VEj.fsceS0.oCfn73.c7cTf5WrAf0WEQ1BKgW9QhmkswRMbLow8XI1i2NvBBgvS8KTPGHmZGaFQq376S8MrX4_7aIz_Up38Ei6YjnXasQySW3GcKmkVvrPbqvxVvRnedazBILpWpAfWNhy_UMphfx.2FfWQC_21sBU0.pM.G4uLUkA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135925fee89fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9997742\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=mQ4tCJlla3LHu5EdqbstiVB13ixDFSti3MpKr_kzbKw-1739793151-1.0.1.1-BOIvoJDfpRsfnCeu3uYiRER8rthlPvvnKpu4sI8f.90" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>