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href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_arutelu"><span>Üldine arutelu</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Viimased_muudatused" title="Vikis tehtud viimaste muudatuste loend [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Viimased muudatused</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Juhuslik_artikkel" title="Mine juhuslikule leheküljele [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Juhuslik lehekülg</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sisukord" title="Kuidas redigeerida"><span>Juhend</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Kontakteeru_meiega"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trüki või ekspordi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Annetused</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Sakslased" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Sakslased" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logi sisse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sisselogimata kasutaja leheküljed <a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sissejuhatus" aria-label="Lisateave redigeerimise kohta"><span>lisateave</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_kaast%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste loend [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kaastöö</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_aruteluleht" title="Arutelu sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste kohta [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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terminivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E!\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sakslased_maailmas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sakslased_maailmas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sakslased maailmas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sakslased_maailmas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Päritolu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Päritolu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Päritolu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Päritolu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sakslased_kui_etnos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sakslased_kui_etnos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sakslased kui etnos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sakslased_kui_etnos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Sakslased kui etnos"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sakslased_kui_etnos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definitsioonid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitsioonid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Definitsioonid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitsioonid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sakslaste_nimetuse_päritolu_eesti_keeles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sakslaste_nimetuse_päritolu_eesti_keeles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sakslaste nimetuse päritolu eesti keeles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sakslaste_nimetuse_päritolu_eesti_keeles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sakslased</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 99 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsers" title="Duitsers – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duitsers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ألمان – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemans" title="Alemans – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alemans" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanes" title="Alemanes – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alemanes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Германал – avaari" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Германал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanlar" title="Almanlar – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آلمانلار – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمانلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Jerman" title="Orang Jerman – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জার্মান জাতি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মান জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-kok-l%C3%A2ng" title="Tek-kok-lâng – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-kok-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Немецтар – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Немецтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Немцы – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Немцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Немцы – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Немцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitsche" title="Deitsche – baieri" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitsche" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="baieri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nijemci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германци – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Германшууд – burjaadi" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Германшууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanys" title="Alemanys – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemanys" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Нимĕçсем – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нимĕçсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmci" title="Němci – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Němci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaenwyr" title="Almaenwyr – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Almaenwyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskere" title="Tyskere – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyskere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche" title="Deutsche – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimc" title="Nimc – alamsorbi" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="alamsorbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Γερμανοί – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_alem%C3%A1n" title="Pueblo alemán – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanoj" title="Germanoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemaniar" title="Alemaniar – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alemaniar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="آلمانی‌ها – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلمانی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemands" title="Allemands – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemands" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsers" title="Dútsers – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútsers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearm%C3%A1naigh" title="Gearmánaigh – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gearmánaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_alem%C3%A1n" title="Pobo alemán – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo alemán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Немций – inguši" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-koet-ng%C3%ACn" title="Tet-koet-ngìn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-koet-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="독일인 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գերմանացիներ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nijemci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Немыцаг адæм – osseedi" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Немыцаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseedi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedeschi" title="Tedeschi – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tedeschi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גרמנים – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გერმანელები – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Немістер – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Немістер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abadage" title="Abadage – ruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Abadage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Немистер – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Немистер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman" title="Alman – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman" title="Alman – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cie%C5%A1i" title="Vācieši – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Diai" title="Vokiečiai – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutsjers" title="Duutsjers – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duutsjers" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9metek" title="Németek – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Németek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германци – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A0na_(vahoaka)" title="Alemàna (vahoaka) – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alemàna (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="გერმანალეფი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="المان – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsers" title="Duitsers – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitsers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E4%BA%BA" title="ドイツ人 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Девтой – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskere" title="Tyskere – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyskere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskarar" title="Tyskarar – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyskarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Немыч – niidumari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="niidumari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemislar" title="Nemislar – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nemislar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਜਰਮਨ ਲੋਕ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جرمن لوک – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمن لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemcy_(nar%C3%B3d)" title="Niemcy (naród) – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niemcy (naród)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A3es" title="Alemães – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alemães" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%96" title="Німці – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Німці" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Немцы – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Немцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Ньиэмэстэр – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньиэмэстэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedescos" title="Tedescos – sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tedescos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Germans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjerman%C3%ABt" title="Gjermanët – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjermanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemci" title="Nemci – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemci" title="Nemci – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miymce" title="Miymce – sileesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Miymce" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sileesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەڵمانییەکان – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵمانییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Нијемци – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нијемци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nijemci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksalaiset" title="Saksalaiset – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskar" title="Tyskar – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyskar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алманнар – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алманнар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวเยอรมัน – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Người Đức – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Олмониҳо – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Олмониҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%A8%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%82" title="ᎠᏂᏨᎹᏂ – tšerokii" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏨᎹᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="tšerokii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanlar" title="Almanlar – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%96" title="Німці – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نېمىسلار – uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېمىسلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="德意志人 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德意志人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_ar%C3%A1_J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Àwọn ará Jẹ́mánì – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn ará Jẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="德國人 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德國人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman" title="Alman – dõmli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alman" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dõmli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABt%C4%93" title="Vuokītē – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="德意志人 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德意志人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Jerman" title="Jolma Jerman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sakslased" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Sakslased" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">eesti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" 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id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sakslased"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Sakslased" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Sakslased" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed" title="Erilehekülgede loend [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&oldid=6559863" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Sakslased&id=6559863&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSakslased"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSakslased"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Germans" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sakslased" hreflang="et"><span>Vikitsitaadid</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42884" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output table.imbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.cmbox{margin:3px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#DFE8FF}.mw-parser-output table.ombox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.tmbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Artiklis ei ole piisavalt <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine">viiteid</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small><i>(August 2021)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita väiteid kontrollida ja <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit">viiteid lisada</a></small>. <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_German_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Sakslaste diasporaa</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sakslased</b> (<a href="/wiki/Endanimetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Endanimetus">endanimetus</a> <i>die Deutschen</i>) on etnos (<i>Volk</i>), mis jagab ühist <a href="/wiki/Saksa_kultuur" title="Saksa kultuur">saksa kultuuri</a>, räägib <a href="/wiki/Saksa_keel" title="Saksa keel">saksa keelt</a> emakeelena ning on saksa päritolu. </p><p>Sakslasteks võidakse nimetada ka <a href="/wiki/Saksamaa" title="Saksamaa">Saksamaa Liitvabariigi</a> kodanikke üldiselt, nende etnilisele kuuluvusele tähelepanu pööramata. </p><p>Maailmas on umbes 100 <a href="/wiki/Miljon" title="Miljon">miljonit</a> inimest, kes kõnelevad <a href="/wiki/Saksa_keel" title="Saksa keel">saksa keelt</a> emakeelena, umbes 75 <a href="/wiki/Miljon" title="Miljon">miljonit</a> neist peab end sakslasteks. Peale selle on 70 <a href="/wiki/Miljon" title="Miljon">miljonit</a> saksa päritolu inimest (peamiselt <a href="/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriigid" title="Ameerika Ühendriigid">Ameerika Ühendriikides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasiilia" title="Brasiilia">Brasiilias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasahstan" title="Kasahstan">Kasahstanis</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadas</a>), kes ei räägi <a href="/wiki/Saksa_keel" title="Saksa keel">saksa keelt</a> emakeelena, kuid võivad end pidada siiani etnilisteks sakslasteks. Seetõttu on sakslaste koguarv 75 ja 160 <a href="/wiki/Miljon" title="Miljon">miljoni</a> vahel, olenevalt kriteeriumidest (emakeelena rääkijad, etnilised sakslased või osaliselt saksa päritolu inimesed). </p><p>Sakslased moodustavad tähtsa <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4hemusrahvus" title="Vähemusrahvus">vähemusrahvuse</a> mitmes <a href="/wiki/Kesk-Euroopa" title="Kesk-Euroopa">Kesk-</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Ida-Euroopa" title="Ida-Euroopa">Ida-Euroopa</a> riigis (<a href="/wiki/Poola" title="Poola">Poola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ungari" title="Ungari">Ungari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumeenia" title="Rumeenia">Rumeenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa">Venemaa</a>), samuti <a href="/wiki/Namiibia" title="Namiibia">Namiibias</a>, Lõuna-<a href="/wiki/Brasiilia" title="Brasiilia">Brasiilias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%A1iili" title="Tšiili">Tšiilis</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguays</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sakslased_maailmas">Sakslased maailmas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Sakslased maailmas"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Sakslased maailmas" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sakslasi või nende järeltulijaid leidub paljudes riikides. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saksamaa" title="Saksamaa">Saksamaal</a> 68 miljonit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA-s</a> 5–45 miljonit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasiilia" title="Brasiilia">Brasiilias</a> 5 miljonit <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrias</a> 74 000 (koos <a href="/wiki/Austerlased" title="Austerlased">austerlastega</a> on saksa keele kõnelejaid 7,25 miljonit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0veits" title="Šveits">Šveitsis</a> 112 000 (saksa keele rääkijaid on Šveitsis kokku 4,7 miljonit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadas</a> 700 000 – 3 miljonit</li> <li>endise <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B5ukogude_Liit" title="Nõukogude Liit">Nõukogude Liidu</a> aladel 1 miljon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentinas</a> 600 000 <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%A1iili" title="Tšiili">Tšiilis</a> 500 000 – 600 000 <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austraalia" title="Austraalia">Austraalias</a> 350 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Hollandis</a> 386 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaania" title="Hispaania">Hispaanias</a> 193 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguays</a> 160 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poola" title="Poola">Poolas</a> 150 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suurbritannia" title="Suurbritannia">Suurbritannias</a> 100 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelas</a> 75 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgias</a> 71 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungari" title="Ungari">Ungaris</a> 62 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumeenia" title="Rumeenia">Rumeenias</a> 60 000 (seisuga 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhi" title="Tšehhi">Tšehhi Vabariigis</a> 39 000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namiibia" title="Namiibia">Namiibias</a> 30 000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Päritolu"><span id="P.C3.A4ritolu"></span>Päritolu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Päritolu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Päritolu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sakslased on <a href="/wiki/Germaanlased" title="Germaanlased">germaani</a> hõimudest kujunenud rahvas. <a href="/wiki/Germaani_keeled" title="Germaani keeled">Germaani keeli</a> rääkivad rahvad rändasid Lõuna-<a href="/wiki/Skandinaavia" title="Skandinaavia">Skandinaaviasse</a> <a href="/wiki/Must_meri" title="Must meri">Musta mere</a> piirkonnast, assimileerides teised rahvad, sealhulgas <a href="/wiki/Soomeugrilased" class="mw-redirect" title="Soomeugrilased">soomeugrilased</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemeri" title="Läänemeri">Läänemerest</a> lõunas assimileeriti, hävitati või aeti neilt aladelt välja <a href="/wiki/Keldid" title="Keldid">keldid</a>. <a href="/wiki/Etnograafia" title="Etnograafia">Etnograafide</a> hinnangul laiendasid germaanlased oma asualasid <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BC%C3%BCtimaa" title="Jüütimaa">Jüütimaalt</a> ja <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemeri" title="Läänemeri">Läänemere</a> edelakaldalt kaugemale juba enne <a href="/wiki/Suur_rahvaster%C3%A4nne" class="mw-redirect" title="Suur rahvasteränne">suurt rahvasterändamist</a>. Hiljem segunesid sakslased teiste <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopa</a> rahvastega, nagu <a href="/wiki/Roomlased" title="Roomlased">roomlased</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Slaavlased" title="Slaavlased">slaavlased</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sakslased_kui_etnos">Sakslased kui etnos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Sakslased kui etnos"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Sakslased kui etnos" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitsioonid">Definitsioonid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Definitsioonid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Definitsioonid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Küsimus, kuidas sakslasi kui <a href="/wiki/Etnos" title="Etnos">etnost</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Rahvus" title="Rahvus">rahvust</a> defineerida, on saanud ajaloo jooksul palju erinevaid, osalt vastakaid vastuseid<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ettekujutus sakslaste etnilis-kultuurilisest ühtsusest on alates umbes 19. sajandi algusest, alates <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saksamaa_vabaduss%C3%B5da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saksamaa vabadussõda (pole veel kirjutatud)">Saksamaa vabadussõjast</a> saksa rahvusemõistete tähtsaim alus. Et saksa <a href="/wiki/Rahvusriik" title="Rahvusriik">rahvusriiki</a> ei olnud, ei kujunenud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahvakogukond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahvakogukond (pole veel kirjutatud)">rahvakogukonna</a> mõiste, mitte riigi alusel, vaid tuginedes ettekujutustele kultuurilisest (eriti ka keelelisest) identiteedist ja ühisest päritolust<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. See iseloomustab saksa rahvusemõistmist tänapäevani ja väljendub näiteks määratlustes <a href="/wiki/Saksamaa_kodakondsus" title="Saksamaa kodakondsus">Saksamaa kodakondsuse</a> kohta<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ajaloolase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Meinecke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Meinecke (pole veel kirjutatud)">Friedrich Meinecke</a> (1922) järgi eristatakse niisugust rahvust kui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultuurrahvus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kultuurrahvus (pole veel kirjutatud)">kultuurrahvust</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigirahvus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riigirahvus (pole veel kirjutatud)">riigirahvustest</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kusjuures sakslased ja <a href="/wiki/Itaallased" title="Itaallased">itaallased</a> kuuluvad esimeste eelkõige kultuuriliselt ja etniliselt mõistetud rahvuste hulka. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Laun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Laun (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rudolf Laun</a> defineeris 1930 "<a href="/wiki/Rahvas" title="Rahvas">rahva</a>" loomulikus mõttes" kui "ühisest päritolust ja sugulisest ühendusest tekkinud ning sama keele tõttu vaimseks ühtsuseks sulandunud vaba isikliku tunnistusega kõlbelise kogukonnana"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384"></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/30px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/45px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/60px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png 2x" data-file-width="113" data-file-height="119" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Artikli kirjutamine on selles kohas pooleli jäänud. <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit">Jätkamine</a> on kõigile lahkesti lubatud.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sakslaste_nimetuse_päritolu_eesti_keeles"><span id="Sakslaste_nimetuse_p.C3.A4ritolu_eesti_keeles"></span>Sakslaste nimetuse päritolu eesti keeles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Sakslaste nimetuse päritolu eesti keeles"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Sakslaste nimetuse päritolu eesti keeles" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eestlased ja mitmed teised <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemeresoome_rahvad" class="mw-redirect" title="Läänemeresoome rahvad">läänemeresoome rahvad</a> on sakslaste nimetuse tuletanud germaani suguharu <a href="/wiki/Saksid" title="Saksid">sakside</a> nimetusest (eesti "sakslased", soome "saksalaiset", liivi "saksād").<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715050625/http://www.passeiweb.com/na_ponta_lingua/sala_de_aula/geografia/geografia_do_brasil/demografia_imigracoes/brasil_imigracoes_alemanha">"A Imigração Alemã no Brasil | Brasil | Deutsche Welle | 25.07.2004"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passeiweb.com/na_ponta_lingua/sala_de_aula/geografia/geografia_do_brasil/demografia_imigracoes/brasil_imigracoes_alemanha">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 15.07.2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 20.11.2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Alem%C3%A3+no+Brasil+%7C+Brasil+%7C+Deutsche+Welle+%7C+25.07.2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passeiweb.com%2Fna_ponta_lingua%2Fsala_de_aula%2Fgeografia%2Fgeografia_do_brasil%2Fdemografia_imigracoes%2Fbrasil_imigracoes_alemanha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASakslased" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.embajada-alemana.org.ar/culturas/becas1.htm">The Embassy claims there are 600,000 people of German descent and 50,000 German citizens.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.embajadaconsuladoschile.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=60&lang=de">German Embassy in Chile.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Borchmeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieter Borchmeyer (pole veel kirjutatud)">Dieter Borchmeyer</a>. <i>Was ist deutsch? – Die Suche einer Nation nach sich selbst</i>, Rowohlt, Berlin 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Glanninger. <i>Rassismus und Rechtsextremismus. Rassistische Argumentationsmuster und ihre historischen Entwicklungslinien.</i> Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2009, <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9783631575017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-631-57501-7</a>, lk 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vt: Erwin Allesch. – Dieter C. Umbach, Thomas Clemens (toim). <i>Grundgesetz. Mitarbeiterkommentar</i>, kd I, 2002, artikkel 16, Rn. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogers Brubaker. <i>Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany</i>, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolf Laun. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Ansch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Anschütz (pole veel kirjutatud)">Gerhard Anschütz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Thoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Thoma (pole veel kirjutatud)">Richard Thoma</a> (toim). <i>Handbuch des deutschen Staatsrechts</i>, kd I, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1930, lk 245, tsit: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eckart_Klein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eckart Klein (pole veel kirjutatud)">Eckart Klein</a>. Der Status der deutschen Volkszugehörigen und die Minderheiten im Ausland. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Isensee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Isensee (pole veel kirjutatud)">Josef Isensee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Kirchhof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Kirchhof (pole veel kirjutatud)">Paul Kirchhof</a> (toim). <i>Handbuch des Staatsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i>, kd X: <i>Deutschland in der Staatengemeinschaft</i>, 2012, lk 229, § 212, äärenumber 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225905/http://www.englishfellowshipandculturalsociety.org.uk/english-moot/who-are-the-english/saxons/">"Arhiivikoopia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englishfellowshipandculturalsociety.org.uk/english-moot/who-are-the-english/saxons/">Originaali</a> arhiivikoopia seisuga 4. märts 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 17. detsembril 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arhiivikoopia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishfellowshipandculturalsociety.org.uk%2Fenglish-moot%2Fwho-are-the-english%2Fsaxons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3ASakslased" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Mall:Netiviide" title="Mall:Netiviide">netiviide</a>}}</code>: CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana (<a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_arhiivikoopia_kasutusel_pealkirjana" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sakslased" class="extiw" title="q:Sakslased">Sakslased</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&oldid=6559863">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakslased&oldid=6559863</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Rahvad" title="Kategooria:Rahvad">Rahvad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Saksamaa" title="Kategooria:Saksamaa">Saksamaa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:CS1_hooldus:_arhiivikoopia_kasutusel_pealkirjana" title="Kategooria:CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana">CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:ISBN-v%C3%B5lulingiga_lehek%C3%BCljed" title="Kategooria:ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed">ISBN-võlulingiga leheküljed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Ebapiisavalt_viidatud_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Ebapiisavalt viidatud artiklid">Ebapiisavalt viidatud artiklid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Pooleli_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Pooleli artiklid">Pooleli artiklid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 06:17, 15. jaanuar 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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