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id="toc-Cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Replacement_of_Crispin_Glover_and_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_of_Crispin_Glover_and_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Replacement of Crispin Glover and lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_of_Crispin_Glover_and_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_of_Claudia_Wells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_of_Claudia_Wells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Replacement of Claudia Wells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_of_Claudia_Wells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoverboard_hoax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoverboard_hoax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Hoverboard hoax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoverboard_hoax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction_of_the_future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction_of_the_future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Depiction of the future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depiction_of_the_future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Release and reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release_and_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Release and reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Release_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Box office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Critical response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Accolades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Home media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Back to the Future Part II</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_2" title="العودة إلى المستقبل 2 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العودة إلى المستقبل 2" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99l%C9%99c%C9%99y%C9%99_qay%C4%B1d%C4%B1%C5%9F_II_hiss%C9%99" title="Gələcəyə qayıdış II hissə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gələcəyə qayıdış II hissə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8E_2" title="Назад у будучыню 2 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Назад у будучыню 2" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_2" title="Завръщане в бъдещето 2 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Завръщане в бъдещето 2" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povratak_u_budu%C4%87nost_2" title="Povratak u budućnost 2 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Povratak u budućnost 2" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorn_al_futur_2" title="Retorn al futur 2 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Retorn al futur 2" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1vrat_do_budoucnosti_II" title="Návrat do budoucnosti II – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Návrat do budoucnosti II" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilbage_til_fremtiden_II" title="Tilbage til fremtiden II – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tilbage til fremtiden II" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zur%C3%BCck_in_die_Zukunft_II" title="Zurück in die Zukunft II – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zurück in die Zukunft II" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD_2" title="Επιστροφή στο Μέλλον 2 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστροφή στο Μέλλον 2" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DB%B2" title="بازگشت به آینده قسمت ۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازگشت به آینده قسمت ۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retour_vers_le_futur_2" title="Retour vers le futur 2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Retour vers le futur 2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regreso_%C3%B3_futuro_II" title="Regreso ó futuro II – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Regreso ó futuro II" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1_%ED%88%AC_%EB%8D%94_%ED%93%A8%EC%B2%98_2" title="백 투 더 퓨처 2 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백 투 더 퓨처 2" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povratak_u_budu%C4%87nost_2" title="Povratak u budućnost 2 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povratak u budućnost 2" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftur_til_framt%C3%AD%C3%B0ar_II" title="Aftur til framtíðar II – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aftur til framtíðar II" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritorno_al_futuro_-_Parte_II" title="Ritorno al futuro - Parte II – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ritorno al futuro - Parte II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%97%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%93_2" title="בחזרה לעתיד 2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בחזרה לעתיד 2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_II" title="უკან მომავალში II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უკან მომავალში II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retour_vers_le_futur_2" title="Retour vers le futur 2 – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Retour vers le futur 2" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_II" title="Back to the Future II – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Back to the Future II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atpaka%C4%BC_n%C4%81kotn%C4%93_2" title="Atpakaļ nākotnē 2 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atpakaļ nākotnē 2" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vissza_a_j%C3%B6v%C5%91be_II." title="Vissza a jövőbe II. – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vissza a jövőbe II." data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9C%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_2" title="Враќање во иднината 2 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Враќање во иднината 2" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97_%E0%A5%A8" title="बॅक टू द फ्युचर भाग २ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बॅक टू द फ्युचर भाग २" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1_2" title="باك تو ذا فيوتشر 2 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باك تو ذا فيوتشر 2" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC_PART2" title="バック・トゥ・ザ・フューチャー PART2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バック・トゥ・ザ・フューチャー PART2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilbake_til_fremtiden_II" title="Tilbake til fremtiden II – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tilbake til fremtiden II" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelajakka_qaytish_II" title="Kelajakka qaytish II – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kelajakka qaytish II" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powr%C3%B3t_do_przysz%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_II" title="Powrót do przyszłości II – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powrót do przyszłości II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enapoi_%C3%AEn_viitor_II" title="Înapoi în viitor II – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Înapoi în viitor II" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5_2" title="Назад в будущее 2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Назад в будущее 2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazaj_v_prihodnost_2" title="Nazaj v prihodnost 2 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nazaj v prihodnost 2" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povratak_u_budu%C4%87nost_II" title="Povratak u budućnost II – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Povratak u budućnost II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paluu_tulevaisuuteen_II" title="Paluu tulevaisuuteen II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paluu tulevaisuuteen II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillbaka_till_framtiden_del_II" title="Tillbaka till framtiden del II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tillbaka till framtiden del II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84_2" title="เจาะเวลาหาอดีต ภาค 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจาะเวลาหาอดีต ภาค 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_2" title="Бозгашт ба оянда 2 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бозгашт ба оянда 2" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelece%C4%9Fe_D%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F_II" title="Geleceğe Dönüş II – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geleceğe Dönüş II" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%94_2" title="Назад у майбутнє 2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Назад у майбутнє 2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Back to the Future Part II" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_ph%E1%BA%A7n_II" title="Back to the Future phần II – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Back to the Future phần II" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%88%B0%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86II" title="回到未來II – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="回到未來II" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Back to the Future Part II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Back_to_the_Future_Part_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd stepping out of a partially-visible DeLorean vehicle, looking astonishingly at their wristwatches. The logo of the film appears on the top left, while the tagline "Getting back was only the beginning" appears on the top right."><img alt="Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd stepping out of a partially-visible DeLorean vehicle, looking astonishingly at their wristwatches. The logo of the film appears on the top left, while the tagline "Getting back was only the beginning" appears on the top right." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II.jpg/220px-Back_to_the_Future_Part_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster by <a href="/wiki/Drew_Struzan" title="Drew Struzan">Drew Struzan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Story by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Robert Zemeckis</li> <li>Bob Gale</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">Characters</a><br />by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display: inline"><ul style="display: inline"><li style="display: inline">Robert Zemeckis</li><li>Bob Gale</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Bob Gale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Canton" title="Neil Canton">Neil Canton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Thompson" title="Lea Thompson">Lea Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Wilson" title="Thomas F. Wilson">Thomas F. Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Cundey" title="Dean Cundey">Dean Cundey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schmidt_(film_editor)" title="Arthur Schmidt (film editor)">Arthur Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Keramidas" title="Harry Keramidas">Harry Keramidas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Silvestri" title="Alan Silvestri">Alan Silvestri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>November 22, 1989<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1989-11-22</span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">108 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$40 million<sup id="cite_ref-BOM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$332.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-BOM_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Back to the Future Part II</b></i> is a 1989 American <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> from a screenplay by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a>; both wrote the story. It is a <a href="/wiki/Sequel" title="Sequel">sequel</a> to the 1985 film <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> and the second installment in the <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)"><i>Back to the Future</i> franchise</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lea_Thompson" title="Lea Thompson">Lea Thompson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Wilson" title="Thomas F. Wilson">Thomas F. Wilson</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Shue" title="Elisabeth Shue">Elisabeth Shue</a> (replacing <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Wells" title="Claudia Wells">Claudia Wells</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Weissman" title="Jeffrey Weissman">Jeffrey Weissman</a> (replacing <a href="/wiki/Crispin_Glover" title="Crispin Glover">Crispin Glover</a>) in supporting roles. It follows <a href="/wiki/Marty_McFly" title="Marty McFly">Marty McFly</a> (Fox) and his friend <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Brown" title="Emmett Brown">Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown</a> (Lloyd) as they travel from 1985 to 2015 to prevent Marty's son from sabotaging the McFly family's future. When their arch-nemesis <a href="/wiki/Biff_Tannen" title="Biff Tannen">Biff Tannen</a> (Wilson) steals Doc's <a href="/wiki/DeLorean_time_machine" title="DeLorean time machine">DeLorean time machine</a> and uses it to alter history for his benefit, the duo must return to 1955 to restore the timeline. </p><p>The film was produced on a $40 million budget and was filmed <a href="/wiki/Back_to_back_film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Back to back film production">back to back</a> with its sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Part III</a></i>. Filming began in February 1989, after two years were spent building the sets and writing the scripts. <i>Back to the Future Part II</i> was also a ground-breaking project for visual effects studio <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a> (ILM). In addition to <a href="/wiki/Digital_compositing" title="Digital compositing">digital compositing</a>, ILM used the VistaGlide motion control camera system, which allowed an actor to portray multiple characters simultaneously on-screen without sacrificing camera movement. </p><p><i>Back to the Future Part II</i> was released by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> on November 22, 1989. Though the film received mostly positive reviews, it was deemed inferior to its predecessor by critics at the time of release. In the years since, the film has been reappraised and is now considered one of the best sequels of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film grossed over $332 million worldwide in its initial run, making it the <a href="/wiki/1989_in_film#Highest-grossing_films" title="1989 in film">third-highest-grossing film of 1989</a>. <i>Part III</i> followed on May 25, 1990, concluding the trilogy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 26, 1985, <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Brown" title="Emmett Brown">Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown</a> arrives unexpectedly in the <a href="/wiki/DeLorean_time_machine" title="DeLorean time machine">DeLorean time machine</a>. He persuades <a href="/wiki/Marty_McFly" title="Marty McFly">Marty McFly</a> and his girlfriend, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">Jennifer Parker</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">travel to the future</a> with him<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and help their future children, with <a href="/wiki/Biff_Tannen" title="Biff Tannen">Biff Tannen</a> witnessing their departure. Once they arrive in 2015, Doc incapacitates Jennifer, leaving her asleep in an alley to avoid letting her learn about her own future. Doc explains that their son <a href="/wiki/Marty_McFly_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Marty McFly Jr.">Marty Jr.</a> will be arrested for participating in a robbery with Biff's grandson <a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">Griff</a>, leading to a chain of events that destroys the McFly family. </p><p>Doc instructs Marty to switch places with the identical Marty Jr. and refuse Griff's offer, but Griff goads Marty into a fight by calling him "chicken", and a subsequent <a href="/wiki/Hoverboard" title="Hoverboard">hoverboard</a> chase ensues. Griff and his gang are arrested, saving Marty's future children. Before rejoining Doc, Marty purchases an <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanac</a> containing the results of major sporting events from 1950 to 2000. Doc discovers it and warns Marty about profiting from time travel. Before Doc can adequately dispose of it, they are interrupted by the police, who have found Jennifer incapacitated and are taking her to her 2015 home. They pursue, as does an elderly Biff, who has overheard their conversation and retrieved the discarded almanac. </p><p>Jennifer wakes up in her 2015 home and hides from the McFly family. She overhears that her future life with Marty is not what she expected, due to his involvement in an automobile accident, and witnesses Marty being goaded by his co-worker, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Needles" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Needles">Douglas Needles</a>, into a shady business deal, resulting in his firing. Jennifer tries to escape the house but faints after encountering her 2015 self. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to Marty and Doc, Biff steals the time machine and returns it. Marty and Doc return to 1985, leaving an unconscious Jennifer on her front porch to sleep off the day's events as a dream. </p><p>Marty gradually realizes that the 1985 they have returned to is not the one he knows. Biff, having used the almanac to secure a fortune, is now one of the country's wealthiest and most corrupt men. He has turned Hill Valley into a chaotic <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopia</a>, secretly killed Marty's father, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">George</a>, in 1973, and forced Marty's mother, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">Lorraine</a>, to marry him. Meanwhile, this timeline's version of Doc has been committed to a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">mental hospital</a>. Doc deduces that old Biff took the time machine to give his younger self the almanac, and Marty learns from the alternate 1985 Biff that he received it on November 12, 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biff, acting on his future self's advice, tries to kill Marty, but he flees with Doc to 1955. </p><p>Marty secretly follows the 1955 Biff and watches him receive the almanac from his 2015 self. Marty then follows him to the high school dance, carefully avoiding interrupting the events from his previous visit, and being forced to intervene when Biff's gang goes after the other Marty performing onstage. Marty finally gets the almanac, but loses it after being again goaded into a fight with Biff. Marty chases after Biff's car on the hoverboard, getting the almanac back as Biff is left to crash into a manure truck for the second time in a week. </p><p>Marty burns the almanac, nullifying the changes to the timeline that it had caused, as Doc hovers above in the time machine. Before Marty can join him, the DeLorean is struck by lightning and disappears. A <a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a> courier arrives immediately after and delivers a letter to Marty; it is from Doc, who tells him that the lightning strike transported him 70 years in the past to 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marty races back into town to find the 1955 Doc, who had just helped the other Marty to return to 1985. Shocked by Marty's sudden reappearance, Doc faints. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">List of <i>Back to the Future</i> characters</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bttf2cast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait photos of the stars of the film: Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Thomas F. Wilson, Elisabeth Shue and Jeffrey Weissman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bttf2cast.png/275px-Bttf2cast.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bttf2cast.png/413px-Bttf2cast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bttf2cast.png/550px-Bttf2cast.png 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The cast of the film including (l–r, top row) <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lea_Thompson" title="Lea Thompson">Lea Thompson</a>, (bottom row) <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Wilson" title="Thomas F. Wilson">Thomas F. Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Shue" title="Elisabeth Shue">Elisabeth Shue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Weissman" title="Jeffrey Weissman">Jeffrey Weissman</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a> as: <ul><li>Marty McFly</li> <li>Marty McFly Jr.</li> <li>Marlene McFly</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a> as Dr. Emmett Brown</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Thompson" title="Lea Thompson">Lea Thompson</a> as Lorraine Baines-McFly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Wilson" title="Thomas F. Wilson">Thomas F. Wilson</a> as: <ul><li>Biff Tannen</li> <li>Griff</li> <li>Gertrude Tannen (voice)</li></ul></li></ul></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Shue" title="Elisabeth Shue">Elisabeth Shue</a> replaces <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Wells" title="Claudia Wells">Claudia Wells</a> as Jennifer Parker and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Weissman" title="Jeffrey Weissman">Jeffrey Weissman</a> replaces <a href="/wiki/Crispin_Glover" title="Crispin Glover">Crispin Glover</a> as George McFly, though Glover appears in archive footage from the first film. <a href="/wiki/James_Tolkan" title="James Tolkan">James Tolkan</a> reprises his role as Mr. Strickland, as do <a href="/wiki/Billy_Zane" title="Billy Zane">Billy Zane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casey_Siemaszko" title="Casey Siemaszko">Casey Siemaszko</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._J._Cohen" title="J. J. Cohen">J. J. Cohen</a> as Biff's cronies Match, 3-D and Skinhead. </p><p>Griff's gang in 2015 includes <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Dean_Logan" title="Ricky Dean Logan">Ricky Dean Logan</a> as Data, <a href="/wiki/Darlene_Vogel" title="Darlene Vogel">Darlene Vogel</a> as Spike and <a href="/wiki/Jason_Scott_Lee" title="Jason Scott Lee">Jason Scott Lee</a> as Whitey. <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_E._Williams" title="Stephanie E. Williams">Stephanie E. Williams</a> plays Officer Foley, while Zemeckis' then-wife <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Trainor" title="Mary Ellen Trainor">Mary Ellen Trainor</a> has an uncredited role as Officer Reese. <a href="/wiki/Flea_(musician)" title="Flea (musician)">Flea</a> appears as Marty's coworker Douglas J. Needles and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Ishida" title="Jim Ishida">James Ishida</a> plays his boss Mr. Fujitsu. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Fullilove" title="Donald Fullilove">Donald Fullilove</a>, who played Goldie Wilson in the first film, makes an uncredited appearance as his hovercar salesman grandson Goldie Wilson III. A young <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Wood" title="Elijah Wood">Elijah Wood</a> is one of the two boys Marty teaches to play <i>Wild Gunman</i>. </p><p>In the alternate 1985, <a href="/wiki/Al_White" title="Al White">Al White</a> portrays the patriarch of the family living in the McFly house. <a href="/wiki/Neil_Ross" title="Neil Ross">Neil Ross</a> provides the voiceover for the Biff Tannen museum while <a href="/wiki/George_Buck_Flower" title="George Buck Flower">George Buck Flower</a> reprises his role as Red the Bum. </p><p>In 1955, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Waters_Jr." title="Harry Waters Jr.">Harry Waters Jr.</a> reprises his role as Marvin Berry, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Freeman" title="Lisa Freeman">Lisa Freeman</a> reprises her role as Babs, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Mann" title="Wesley Mann">Wesley Mann</a> plays a student who mistakes Marty for a thief, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Flaherty" title="Joe Flaherty">Joe Flaherty</a> plays the Western Union representative who delivers Doc's letter. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fleischer" title="Charles Fleischer">Charles Fleischer</a> plays Terry, who in 2015 indirectly gives Marty the idea to use time travel to bet on sports, and in 1955 is Biff's mechanic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> said that initially, a sequel was not planned for the first film, but its huge box office success led to the conception of a second installment. He later agreed to do a sequel, but only if Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd returned as well. With Fox and Lloyd confirmed, Zemeckis met with screenwriting partner <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a> to create a story for the sequel. Zemeckis and Gale would later regret that they ended the first one with Jennifer in the car with Marty and Doc Brown, because it required them to come up with a story that would fit her in, rather than a whole new adventure.<sup id="cite_ref-making_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-making-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gale wrote most of the first draft by himself as Zemeckis was busy making <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i>. At first, the film's third act was to take place in 1967 where Lorraine was a flower child <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam War protest">protesting the war</a> and George was a college professor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berkeley">Berkeley</a>, but Zemeckis later stated that the <a href="/wiki/Time_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Time paradox">time paradoxes</a> of it provided a good opportunity to go back to 1955 and see the first film's events in a different light. While most of the original cast agreed to return, a major stumbling block arose when negotiating Crispin Glover's fee for reprising the role of George McFly. When it became clear that he would not return, the role was rewritten so that George is dead when the action takes place in the alternative version of 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-making_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-making-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The greatest challenge was the creation of the futuristic vision of Marty's hometown in 2015. Production designer <a href="/wiki/Rick_Carter" title="Rick Carter">Rick Carter</a> wanted to create a very detailed image with a different tone from the film <i><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></i>, wishing to get past the smoke and chrome. Carter and his crew spent months plotting, planning, and preparing Hill Valley's transformation into a city of the future.<sup id="cite_ref-featurette_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-featurette-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visual effects art director John Bell said that they had no script to work with, only the indications that the setting would be 30 years into the future featuring "something called hoverboards".<sup id="cite_ref-up_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-up-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When writing the script for <i>Part II</i>, Gale wanted to push the first film's ideas further for humorous effect. Zemeckis said he was somewhat concerned about portraying the future because of the risk of making wildly inaccurate predictions. According to Gale, they tried to make the future a nice place, "where what's wrong is due to who lives in the future as opposed to the technology" in contrast to the pessimistic, <a href="/wiki/Orwellian" title="Orwellian">Orwellian</a> future seen in most science fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-making_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-making-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gale has stated that the characterization of the 1985A Biff took inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To keep production costs low and take advantage of an extended break Fox had from <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Ties" title="Family Ties">Family Ties</a></i> (which was ending its run when filming began), it was shot <a href="/wiki/Back_to_back_film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Back to back film production">back-to-back</a> with sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Part III</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-back_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-back-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two years were needed to finish building the sets and writing the scripts before shooting could begin. During filming the creation of the appearance of the aged characters was a well-guarded secret, involving state-of-the-art make-up techniques. Fox described the process as very time-consuming, saying that "it took over four hours, although it could be worse".<sup id="cite_ref-making_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-making-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> began on February 20, 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-back_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-back-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fox was pulling double duty, acting in the last season of <i>Family Ties</i> as filming began on the sequel. For a three-week period near the end of the filming, the crew split and, while most remained dedicated to shooting <i>Part III</i>, a few, including Gale, focused on finishing its predecessor. Zemeckis himself slept only a few hours per day, supervising both films, having to fly between <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a>, where it was being finished and other locations in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> for <i>Part III</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The film was considered one of the most ground-breaking projects for <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a>. It was one of the effects house's first forays into <a href="/wiki/Digital_compositing" title="Digital compositing">digital compositing</a>, as well as the VistaGlide <a href="/wiki/Motion_control_photography" title="Motion control photography">motion control</a> camera system, which enabled them to shoot one of its most complex sequences, in which Fox played three separate characters (Marty Sr., Marty Jr., and Marlene), all of whom interacted with each other. Although such scenes were not new, the VistaGlide allowed, for the first time, a completely dynamic scene in which camera movement could finally be incorporated. The technique was also used in scenes where Fox, Thomas F. Wilson, Christopher Lloyd, and Elisabeth Shue's characters encounter and interact with their counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-making_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-making-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also includes a brief moment of <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Hologram" class="mw-redirect" title="Hologram">holographic</a> shark used to promote a fictional <i><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(franchise)" title="Jaws (franchise)">Jaws</a> 19</i>, which wound up unaltered from the first test done by ILM's digital department because effects supervisor <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a> "liked the fact that it was all messed up."<sup id="cite_ref-up_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-up-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Animation supervisor <a href="/wiki/Wes_Takahashi" title="Wes Takahashi">Wes Takahashi</a>, who then was the head of ILM's animation department, worked heavily on the film's time travel sequences, as he had done in the original film and in <i>Part III</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <i>Part II</i> neared release, sufficient footage of <i>Part III</i> had been shot to allow a trailer to be assembled. It was added to the conclusion of <i>Part II</i> before the closing credits, as a reassurance to moviegoers that there was more to follow.<sup id="cite_ref-timeflies_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeflies-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement_of_Crispin_Glover_and_lawsuit">Replacement of Crispin Glover and lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Replacement of Crispin Glover and lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crispin_Glover_2012_Shankbone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Jeffrey Weissman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Crispin_Glover_2012_Shankbone.JPG/150px-Crispin_Glover_2012_Shankbone.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Crispin_Glover_2012_Shankbone.JPG/225px-Crispin_Glover_2012_Shankbone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Crispin_Glover_2012_Shankbone.JPG/300px-Crispin_Glover_2012_Shankbone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="2329" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Glover" title="Crispin Glover">Crispin Glover</a> (pictured in 2012) did not reprise his role as George McFly in <i>Back to the Future Part II</i>, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Weissman" title="Jeffrey Weissman">Jeffrey Weissman</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Glover" title="Crispin Glover">Crispin Glover</a> was asked to reprise the role of <a href="/wiki/George_McFly" class="mw-redirect" title="George McFly">George McFly</a>. He expressed interest, but could not come to an agreement with the producers regarding his salary. He stated in a 1992 interview on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howard_Stern_Show" title="The Howard Stern Show">The Howard Stern Show</a></i> that the producers' highest offer was $125,000, less than half of what the other returning cast members were offered. Gale has since asserted that Glover's demands were excessive for an actor of his professional stature at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-timeflies_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeflies-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview on the <i><a href="/wiki/Opie_and_Anthony" title="Opie and Anthony">Opie and Anthony</a></i> show in 2013, Glover stated that his primary reason for not doing <i>Part II</i> was a philosophical disagreement on the film's message; Glover felt the story rewarded the characters with financial gain, such as Marty's truck, rather than love.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rather than write George out of the film, Zemeckis used previously filmed footage of Glover from the first film as well as new footage of actor <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Weissman" title="Jeffrey Weissman">Jeffrey Weissman</a>, who wore <a href="/wiki/Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">prosthetics</a> including a false chin, nose, and cheekbones to resemble Glover. Various techniques were used to obfuscate the Weissman footage, such as placing him in the background rather than the foreground, having him wear sunglasses, and hanging him upside down. Glover would also learn from Weissman that the molds created from his face to make the aging prosthetics for 1985 George McFly in the first film were reused to make the prosthetics for Weissman's portrayal. Unhappy with this, Glover filed a lawsuit against the producers of the film on the grounds that they neither owned his likeness nor had permission to use it. As a result of the suit, there are now clauses in the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a> collective bargaining agreements stating that producers and actors are not allowed to use such methods to reproduce the likeness of other actors.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glover's legal action, while resolved outside of the courts, has been considered as a key case in <a href="/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">personality rights</a> for actors with increasing use of improved special effects and digital techniques, in which actors may have agreed to appear in one part of a production but have their likenesses be used in another without their agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement_of_Claudia_Wells">Replacement of Claudia Wells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Replacement of Claudia Wells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jennifer1%262.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/Jennifer1%262.png/220px-Jennifer1%262.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3e/Jennifer1%262.png 1.5x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>The closing scene of <i>Back to the Future</i> with Claudia Wells (above) was reshot for the opening of <i>Part II</i> with Elisabeth Shue (below).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Wells" title="Claudia Wells">Claudia Wells</a> planned to reprise her role as Marty's girlfriend Jennifer Parker, but when filming coincided with a family cancer crisis, she chose to care for her mother's health.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the producers cast <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Shue" title="Elisabeth Shue">Elisabeth Shue</a> as a replacement, they re-shot the closing scenes of the first film for the beginning of <i>Part II</i>, in a nearly <a href="/wiki/Shot-for-shot" title="Shot-for-shot">shot-for-shot</a> match with the original.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wells returned to acting with a starring role in the 2008 independent film <i>Still Waters Burn</i>. She is one of the few cast members not to make an appearance within the bonus material on the <i>Back to the Future Trilogy</i> DVD set released in 2002. However, she is interviewed for the <i>Tales from the Future</i> documentaries in the trilogy's 25th anniversary issue on <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> in 2010. Wells would also later reprise her role from the first film, 26 years after her last appearance in the series, providing the voice of Jennifer for <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Game" title="Back to the Future: The Game">Back to the Future: The Game</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Telltale_Games" title="Telltale Games">Telltale Games</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoverboard_hoax">Hoverboard hoax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hoverboard hoax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zemeckis said on the film's behind-the-scenes featurette that the <a href="/wiki/Hoverboard" title="Hoverboard">hoverboards</a> (flying skateboards) used in it were real, yet not released to the public, due to parental complaints regarding safety.<sup id="cite_ref-featurette_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-featurette-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Footage of "real hoverboards" was also featured in the extras of a DVD release of the trilogy. A number of people thought Zemeckis was telling the truth and requested them at toy stores. In an interview, Wilson said one of the most frequent questions he was asked was if they are real.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction_of_the_future">Depiction of the future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Depiction of the future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the filmmakers researched contemporary predictions by scientists on what might occur by 2015, Zemeckis has said that the film was not meant to be a serious attempt at predicting the future. In 2010, he commented: "For me, filming the future scenes of the movie were the least enjoyable of making the whole trilogy, because I don't really like films that try and predict the future. The only ones I've actually enjoyed were the ones done by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>, and not even he predicted the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PC</a> when he made <i><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a></i>. So, rather than trying to make a scientifically sound prediction that we were probably going to get wrong anyway, we figured, let's just make it funny".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Gale said: "We knew we weren't going to have <a href="/wiki/Flying_car" title="Flying car">flying cars</a> by the year 2015, but God we had to have those in our movie".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the film did correctly predict a number of technological and sociological changes that occurred by 2015, including: the rise of <a href="/wiki/Omnipresence" title="Omnipresence">ubiquitous</a> cameras; use of unmanned flying <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a> for <a href="/wiki/News" title="News">newsgathering</a>; widescreen <a href="/wiki/Flat-panel_display" title="Flat-panel display">flat-panel</a> television sets mounted on walls with multiple channel viewing; <a href="/wiki/Home_automation" title="Home automation">smart home technology</a>; <a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">video chat</a> systems; <a href="/wiki/Kinect" title="Kinect">hands-free video games</a>; talking animated <a href="/wiki/Billboard" title="Billboard">billboards</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wearable_technology" title="Wearable technology">wearable technology</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a> with fingerprint scanners and <a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">head-mounted displays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time_predict_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time_predict-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Payment on personal portable devices is also depicted. Although payment by thumbprint is not widely used, <a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">fingerprint scanning</a> is in use as security at places such as airports and schools, and electronic payment with fingerprint scanning as a security feature is deployed for <a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Apple Pay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-time_predict_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time_predict-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other aspects of the depiction of the future would not come to pass by 2015, but efforts were made to replicate those technology advances. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Back_to_the_Future_Taxi_based_on_1972_Citro%C3%ABn_DS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Back_to_the_Future_Taxi_based_on_1972_Citro%C3%ABn_DS.jpg/200px-Back_to_the_Future_Taxi_based_on_1972_Citro%C3%ABn_DS.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Back_to_the_Future_Taxi_based_on_1972_Citro%C3%ABn_DS.jpg/300px-Back_to_the_Future_Taxi_based_on_1972_Citro%C3%ABn_DS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Back_to_the_Future_Taxi_based_on_1972_Citro%C3%ABn_DS.jpg/400px-Back_to_the_Future_Taxi_based_on_1972_Citro%C3%ABn_DS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4574" data-file-height="2128" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Luxor Taxi based on the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS" title="Citroën DS">Citroën DS</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The film shows Marty putting on <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> "<a href="/wiki/Nike_Mag" title="Nike Mag">Air Mag</a>" tennis shoes with automatic shoelaces. Nike released a version of their Hyperdunk Supreme shoes, which appear similar to Marty's, in July 2008. Fans dubbed them the <i>Air McFly</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, they filed the patent for self-lacing shoes, and their design bears a resemblance to those worn by Marty in the film.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, a fan named Blake Bevin created shoes that tie themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Nike had made a very limited quantity of Air Mags in the same style as the movie, they stated in September 2011 that their consumer-line <a href="/wiki/Nike_Mag" title="Nike Mag">MAG line of shoes</a> would not feature the self-lacing feature shown in it.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tinker_Hatfield" title="Tinker Hatfield">Tinker Hatfield</a>, one of the shoe's designers, indicated in 2014 that they would introduce shoes with power-lacing technology the following year, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2016, Nike unveiled the <a href="/wiki/HyperAdapt_1.0" class="mw-redirect" title="HyperAdapt 1.0">HyperAdapt 1.0</a> shoe, a consumer-market model of the Air Mag which features the same self-lacing technology used for the commemorative Air Mags; these were put on sale in limited quantities in late 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The producers created a futuristic flying car to depict a typical taxi cab in the future world of 2015. This taxi was based on the <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS" title="Citroën DS">Citroën DS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of the <a href="/wiki/Hoverboard" title="Hoverboard">hoverboard</a>—a skateboard that can float off the ground—has been explored by various groups since the release of the film. Attempts similar to hoverboats, which blast air at the ground, have been demonstrated,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a 2021 record distance of 275 meters (902 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A different type is the MagBoard, developed by researchers at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Diderot_University" title="Paris Diderot University">Paris Diderot University</a>. It uses a large <a href="/wiki/Superconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Superconductor">superconductor</a> plate on the bottom cooled with liquid nitrogen as to achieve the <a href="/wiki/Meissner_effect" title="Meissner effect">Meissner effect</a> and allow it to float over a special track; it was shown capable of carrying the weight of a human in its practical demonstration. However, the requirement to run the superconductor at higher, more ambient temperatures prevents this from becoming practical.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2014, a company named HUVr Tech purportedly demonstrated a working hoverboard along with several celebrities including Lloyd, though this shortly was revealed as a hoax created by the website <a href="/wiki/Funny_or_Die" title="Funny or Die">Funny or Die</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Self-balancing_scooter" title="Self-balancing scooter">Self-balancing 'hoverboards'</a> became popular in 2015 even though they do not hover above the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2015 scene, the film imagines the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a> winning the 2015 <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> against the fictional <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>-based Gators, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Curse_of_the_Billy_Goat" title="Curse of the Billy Goat">Cubs' longstanding failure</a> to win a championship. In <a href="/wiki/2015_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2015 Major League Baseball season">the actual 2015 season</a>, the Cubs qualified for the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">postseason</a>, their first postseason appearance since <a href="/wiki/2008_National_League_Division_Series" title="2008 National League Division Series">2008</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but lost the <a href="/wiki/2015_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2015 National League Championship Series">National League Championship Series</a> (not the World Series) to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> on October 21, which coincidentally was the same day as "<i>Back to the Future</i> Day", the day Marty McFly arrived in 2015 in the film.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite losing, one year later the Cubs <i>did</i> win the <a href="/wiki/2016_World_Series" title="2016 World Series">2016 World Series</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Indians">Cleveland Indians</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in congratulations to the Cubs, the official <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> feed for the <i>Back to the Future</i> franchise jokingly tweeted out that Marty & Doc's time-traveling caused "a rift in the space-time continuum" that led to the <a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1994–95 Major League Baseball strike">1994 strike</a> (and subsequent cancellation of the <a href="/wiki/1994_World_Series" title="1994 World Series">1994 World Series</a>), thus delaying the accurate prediction by a year.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the real <a href="/wiki/2015_World_Series" title="2015 World Series">2015 World Series</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a> defeated the Mets to win their first World Series championship since 1985, the year which Marty and Doc time traveled in the film. As for the fictional Miami team, when the film was made, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> did not have a <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> team,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but has since gained two: the Florida Marlins (now the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a>) in 1993 and Tampa Bay Devil Rays (now the <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a>) in 1998. While both teams have each made two appearances in the World Series (the Marlins winning in <a href="/wiki/1997_World_Series" title="1997 World Series">1997</a> and <a href="/wiki/2003_World_Series" title="2003 World Series">2003</a>, and the Rays losing in <a href="/wiki/2008_World_Series" title="2008 World Series">2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_World_Series" title="2020 World Series">2020</a>), neither qualified for the postseason in 2015. Another sport mentioned in the film, <a href="/wiki/SlamBall" title="SlamBall">SlamBall</a>, would indeed become a real sport in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_and_reception">Release and reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Release and reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Box office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film was released to theaters in North America on Wednesday, November 22, 1989, the day before <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanksgiving Day">Thanksgiving</a>. It grossed a total of $27.8 million over Friday to Sunday, and $43 million across the five-day holiday opening, breaking the previous Thanksgiving record set by <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_IV" title="Rocky IV">Rocky IV</a></i> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the following weekend, it had a drop of 56 percent, earning $12.1 million, but remained at number 1.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its total gross was $118.5 million in the United States and $213 million overseas, for a total of $332 million worldwide, ranking as 1989's sixth-most successful film domestically and the third-most worldwide—behind <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="Batman (1989 film)">Batman</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However this was still short of the first film's gross. <i>Part III</i>, which Universal released only six months later, experienced a similar drop. In Japan, it had a record opening, grossing $7.5 million in six days from 153 screens.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Critical response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, the film holds an approval rating of 63% based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "<i>Back to the Future II</i> is far more uneven than its predecessor, but its madcap highs outweigh the occasionally cluttered machinations of an overstuffed plot".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Audiences polled by <a href="/wiki/CinemaScore" title="CinemaScore">CinemaScore</a> gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a></i> gave the film three out of four stars. Ebert criticized it for lacking the "genuine power of the original" but praised it for its slapstick humor and the hoverboard in its chase sequence.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Janet_Maslin" title="Janet Maslin">Janet Maslin</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> wrote that the film is "ready for bigger and better things" and later said that it "manages to be giddily and merrily mind-boggling, rather than confusing".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom Tunney of <i><a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a></i> magazine wrote that the film was well-directed, "high-energy escapism", and called it "solidly entertaining", though noting it as being inferior to the other two films in the franchise.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rosenbaum" title="Jonathan Rosenbaum">Jonathan Rosenbaum</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">Chicago Reader</a></i> gave the film a negative review, criticizing Zemeckis and Gale for turning the characters into "strident geeks" and for making the frenetic action formulaic. He believed that it contained "rampant misogyny", because the character of Jennifer Parker "is knocked unconscious early on so she won't interfere with the little-boy games". He cited, as well, Michael J. Fox dressing in <a href="/wiki/Drag_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag (clothing)">drag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> said, "[Director Robert] Zemeckis' fascination with having characters interact at different ages of their lives hurts it visually, and strains credibility past the breaking point, by forcing him to rely on some very cheesy makeup designs".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Bob Gale, who co-wrote the movie with Robert Zemeckis, said the movie received a mixed reception because of the dark aspect of the story: "They [the audiences] were absolutely surprised by it. The whole 1985 stuff... we went places the audience was not ready to go. That is some of my favorite stuff in the whole trilogy".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film won the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Special_Effects" title="Saturn Award for Best Special Effects">Saturn Award for Best Special Effects</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, the special effects supervisor), the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects">BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects</a> (Ken Ralston, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Bell (special effects artist)">John Bell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gawley" title="Steve Gawley">Steve Gawley</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an Internet-voted 2003 AOL Movies DVD Premiere Award for the trilogy DVDs, a <a href="/wiki/Goldene_Leinwand" title="Goldene Leinwand">Golden Screen Award</a>, a Young Artist Award, and the Blimp Awards for Favorite Movie Actor (Michael J. Fox), and Favorite Movie Actress (Lea Thompson) at the <a href="/wiki/1990_Kids%27_Choice_Awards" title="1990 Kids' Choice Awards">1990 Kids' Choice Awards</a>. It was nominated in 1990 for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Academy Award for Best Visual Effects</a> (John Bell, Steve Gawley, Michael Lantieri and Ken Ralston), but lost to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Abyss" title="The Abyss">The Abyss</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1990_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1990-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_media">Home media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Home media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film was released on VHS and <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> on May 22, 1990, three days before the theatrical release of <i>Part III</i>. It was due to be the first release under the <a href="/wiki/MCA/Universal_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="MCA/Universal Home Video">MCA/Universal Home Video</a> banner.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Universal reissued it on VHS, LaserDisc, and compact disc in 1991, 1995, and 1998. On December 17, 2002, Universal released it on DVD in a boxed trilogy set, although widescreen framing problems led to a product recall.<sup id="cite_ref-screencaptures_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-screencaptures-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trilogy was released on Blu-ray Disc in October 2010. </p><p>Universal re-released the trilogy alongside new features on DVD and Blu-ray on October 20, 2015, coinciding with <i>Back to the Future Day</i> the following day. The new set included a featurette called "Doc Brown Saves the World", where Lloyd, reprising his role as Doc Brown, explains the reasons for the differences between the future of 2015 as depicted in <i>Back to the Future Part II</i> and in real life.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new remaster as part of <i>Back to the Future: The Ultimate Trilogy</i> on Blu-ray and <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> was released on October 20, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2020, the trilogy was released for streaming on <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>. A small edit was noticed to <i>Part II</i> during the scene featuring the fictional <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_magazine" title="Pornographic magazine">soft porn magazine</a> called <i>Oh La La!</i> in which the shot showing the reveal of the magazine cover is cut short, omitting sight of the magazine itself. Gale stated that neither he nor Zemeckis were aware of this change, and believed it originated from a foreign print of the film. Shortly afterwards, Universal provided Netflix with the unedited, theatrical version of the film,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replacing the censored cut on the streaming platform.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_(soundtrack)" class="mw-redirect" title="Back to the Future Part II (soundtrack)"><i>Back to the Future Part II</i> (soundtrack)</a></div> <p>The soundtrack was released by <a href="/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a> on November 22, 1989. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> rated it four-and-a-half stars out of five.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the previous soundtrack, it contains only a musical score by composer <a href="/wiki/Alan_Silvestri" title="Alan Silvestri">Alan Silvestri</a>. None of the vocal songs featured throughout the film are included. On October 12, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Intrada_Records" title="Intrada Records">Intrada Records</a> released the complete score of <i>Back to the Future Part II</i> in a 2-disc set including early scoring sessions and alternative takes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sf-userbox.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/28px-Sf-userbox.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/42px-Sf-userbox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/56px-Sf-userbox.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Science fiction">Science fiction portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1989_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1989 box office number-one films in the United States">List of 1989 box office number-one films in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_drones" title="List of films featuring drones">List of films featuring drones</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As depicted at the end of <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> (1985)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The same date as the dance Marty attended in <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The letter's contents are later explored further in <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future Part III</a></i> (1990)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/back-future-part-ii-1970-0">"<i>Back to the Future Part II</i> (PG)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a>. November 22, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623081057/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/back-future-part-ii-1970-0">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II+%28PG%29&rft.pub=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.date=1989-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbbfc.co.uk%2Freleases%2Fback-future-part-ii-1970-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOM_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOM_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0096874/">"Back to the Future II (1989)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130134734/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=backtothefuture2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+II+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0096874%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2022" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Niall (May 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/back-future-part-2-reviews-reactions-mixed-reason/">"Why Back To The Future 2's Reviews Were Way Worse Than The First Movie's"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523230958/https://screenrant.com/back-future-part-2-reviews-reactions-mixed-reason/">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&rft.atitle=Why+Back+To+The+Future+2%27s+Reviews+Were+Way+Worse+Than+The+First+Movie%27s&rft.date=2022-05-23&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Niall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fback-future-part-2-reviews-reactions-mixed-reason%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummins2020" class="citation web cs1">Cummins, Chris (October 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/how-audience-responses-to-the-back-to-future-sequels-have-evolved/">"Why Fan Response to the Back to the Future Sequels Changed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Den_of_Geek" title="Den of Geek">Den of Geek</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101074149/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/how-audience-responses-to-the-back-to-future-sequels-have-evolved/">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=Why+Fan+Response+to+the+Back+to+the+Future+Sequels+Changed&rft.date=2020-10-23&rft.aulast=Cummins&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fmovies%2Fhow-audience-responses-to-the-back-to-future-sequels-have-evolved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-making-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-making_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-making_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-making_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-making_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-making_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a> (2005). "Back to the Future Feature: Making the Trilogy Part 2". <i>Back to the Future Part II</i> (DVD). Los Angeles: <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Universal+Pictures&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-featurette-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-featurette_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-featurette_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a> (2005). <i>Back to the Future Part II: Featurette</i> (DVD). Los Angeles: <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II%3A+Featurette&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Universal+Pictures&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-up-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-up_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-up_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchildhause2014" class="citation web cs1">Schildhause, Chloe (November 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uproxx.com/movies/2014/11/back-to-the-future-ii-predictions-art-director/2/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Back to the Future II's Art Director Tells Us How They Developed The Film's Somewhat Misguided Predictions"</a>. Uproxx. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106162508/http://uproxx.com/movies/2014/11/back-to-the-future-ii-predictions-art-director/2/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Back+to+the+Future+II%27s+Art+Director+Tells+Us+How+They+Developed+The+Film%27s+Somewhat+Misguided+Predictions&rft.pub=Uproxx&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft.aulast=Schildhause&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuproxx.com%2Fmovies%2F2014%2F11%2Fback-to-the-future-ii-predictions-art-director%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2015" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Benjamin (October 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/23/back-to-the-future-writer-bad-guy-biff-was-based-on-donald-trump">"Back to the Future writer: bad guy Biff was based on Donald Trump"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206082502/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/23/back-to-the-future-writer-bad-guy-biff-was-based-on-donald-trump">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+writer%3A+bad+guy+Biff+was+based+on+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Foct%2F23%2Fback-to-the-future-writer-bad-guy-biff-was-based-on-donald-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-back-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-back_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-back_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinstein1989" class="citation web cs1">Weinstein, Steve (February 4, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-04-ca-1660-story.html">"Back-to-Back Sequels for 'Back to Future'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309003854/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-02-04/entertainment/ca-1660_1_back-to-back-sequels">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Back-to-Back+Sequels+for+%27Back+to+Future%27&rft.date=1989-02-04&rft.aulast=Weinstein&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-02-04-ca-1660-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a> (2005). "Back to the Future Feature: Making the Trilogy Part 3". <i><span></span></i>Back to the Future Part III<i> DVD</i>. Los Angeles: <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+III+DVD&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Universal+Pictures&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFailes2015" class="citation web cs1">Failes, Ian (October 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fxguide.com/featured/the-future-is-today-how-ilm-made-time-travel-possible-frame-by-frame/">"The future is today: how ILM made time travel possible"</a>. <i>FXGuide</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701211801/https://www.fxguide.com/featured/the-future-is-today-how-ilm-made-time-travel-possible-frame-by-frame/">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FXGuide&rft.atitle=The+future+is+today%3A+how+ILM+made+time+travel+possible&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Failes&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fxguide.com%2Ffeatured%2Fthe-future-is-today-how-ilm-made-time-travel-possible-frame-by-frame%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812215132/http://itu.edu/digital-arts/faculty/">"Digital Arts Faculty"</a>. International Technological University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itu.edu/digital-arts/faculty/">the original</a> on August 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digital+Arts+Faculty&rft.pub=International+Technological+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitu.edu%2Fdigital-arts%2Ffaculty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeflies-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeflies_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeflies_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tales from the Future: Time Flies</i> documentary, <i>Back to the Future Trilogy</i> Blu-ray, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcG61w474zY">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Back to the Future" Conspiracies, Alternate Endings, & Lawsuits with Crispin Glover"</a>. June 6, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016213140/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcG61w474zY">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2013</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Back+to+the+Future%22+Conspiracies%2C+Alternate+Endings%2C+%26+Lawsuits+with+Crispin+Glover&rft.date=2013-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlcG61w474zY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover2011" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Glover" title="Crispin Glover">Glover, Crispin</a> (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Q7wGsVYydo">"Crispin Glover on Back to the Future 2"</a>. <i>Kermode & Mayo</i> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Mayo" title="Simon Mayo">Simon Mayo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kermode" title="Mark Kermode">Mark Kermode</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016212931/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Q7wGsVYydo">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2011</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kermode+%26+Mayo&rft.atitle=Crispin+Glover+on+Back+to+the+Future+2&rft.date=2011-02&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=Crispin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D5Q7wGsVYydo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2015" class="citation web cs1">Gardner, Eriq (October 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/back-future-ii-a-legal-833705">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Back to the Future II" From a Legal Perspective: Unintentionally Visionary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510224933/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/back-future-ii-a-legal-833705">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27Back+to+the+Future+II%22+From+a+Legal+Perspective%3A+Unintentionally+Visionary&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Eriq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fthr-esq%2Fback-future-ii-a-legal-833705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBramesco2019" class="citation web cs1">Bramesco, Charles (October 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/22/20927032/cgi-digital-actor-replacement-cinema-gemini-man-the-congress-rogue-one-legality">"Cinema's Digital Impostors Are Coming"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420013246/https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/22/20927032/cgi-digital-actor-replacement-cinema-gemini-man-the-congress-rogue-one-legality">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Cinema%27s+Digital+Impostors+Are+Coming&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.aulast=Bramesco&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2019%2F10%2F22%2F20927032%2Fcgi-digital-actor-replacement-cinema-gemini-man-the-congress-rogue-one-legality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/back-to-the-futures-claud_b_7742682">"Back to the Future's Claudia Wells: Shining Brighter Than Ever Before"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. July 7, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101085154/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/back-to-the-futures-claud_b_7742682">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future%27s+Claudia+Wells%3A+Shining+Brighter+Than+Ever+Before&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fback-to-the-futures-claud_b_7742682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/back-to-the-future/back-future.html">"Back to the Future CED Web Page"</a>. Cedmagic.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912012033/http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/back-to-the-future/back-future.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+to+the+Future+CED+Web+Page&rft.pub=Cedmagic.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cedmagic.com%2Ffeatured%2Fback-to-the-future%2Fback-future.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htyYy9ML5rk">"Back to the Future – Comparison"</a>. April 8, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016213859/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htyYy9ML5rk">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2011</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+to+the+Future+%E2%80%93+Comparison&rft.date=2009-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhtyYy9ML5rk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gametrailers.com/videos/12afna/back-to-the-future-episode-1--it-s-about-time-exclusive-behind-the-scenes-part-iv--how-we-got-jennifer">"Exclusive Behind the Scenes Part IV: How We Got Jennifer"</a>. <i>gametrailers.com</i>. March 23, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105012737/http://www.gametrailers.com/videos/12afna/back-to-the-future-episode-1--it-s-about-time-exclusive-behind-the-scenes-part-iv--how-we-got-jennifer">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gametrailers.com&rft.atitle=Exclusive+Behind+the+Scenes+Part+IV%3A+How+We+Got+Jennifer&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gametrailers.com%2Fvideos%2F12afna%2Fback-to-the-future-episode-1--it-s-about-time-exclusive-behind-the-scenes-part-iv--how-we-got-jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwY5o2fsG7Y">"Thomas F. Wilson's "Biff's Question Song"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. September 27, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920143228/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwY5o2fsG7Y">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2011</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+F.+Wilson%27s+%22Biff%27s+Question+Song%22&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DiwY5o2fsG7Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Q&A Commentary with Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, <i>Back to the Future Part II</i> Blu-Ray, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tales from the Future: Time Flies, <i>Back to the Future Part II</i> Blu-Ray, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeopald2015" class="citation web cs1">Leopald, Todd (October 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/20/entertainment/back-to-the-future-ii-right-wrong-feat/">"What did 'Back to the Future II' get right?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151022235346/http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/20/entertainment/back-to-the-future-ii-right-wrong-feat">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Back+to+the+Future%27+Inspired+Shoes+Really+Tie+Themselves&rft.pub=Switched.com&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.switched.com%2F2010%2F07%2F06%2Fback-to-the-future-inspired-shoes-really-tie-themselves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neal2011" class="citation news cs1">O'Neal, Sean (September 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/nike-finally-making-back-to-the-future-iis-self-lacing-1798227343">"Nike finally making Back to the Future II's self-lacing shoes for real"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=The+Nike+Air+Mag%E2%80%94AKA+the+Back+to+the+Future+Shoes%E2%80%94Are+Real%2C+and+They%27re+Glorious&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2F5838503%2Fthe-nike-air-mag-aka-the-back-to-the-future-shoes-are-real-and-theyre-glorious%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2014" class="citation web cs1">Billington, James (February 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2014/02/17/nike-is-actually-making-marty-mcflys-self-lacing-shoes/">"Nike is actually making Marty McFly's self-lacing shoes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140218125006/http://nypost.com/2014/02/17/nike-is-actually-making-marty-mcflys-self-lacing-shoes/">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Nike+will+sell+actual+self-lacing+sneakers%2C+just+like+Back+to+the+Future&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft.aulast=O%27Kane&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2016%2F3%2F16%2F11248264%2Fnike-hyperadapt-self-lacing-sneakers-announced-back-to-the-future-air-mag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://synthiam.com/Community/Robots/Luxor-Cab-as-seen-in-Back-to-the-Future-2-Animatronic-18587">"Luxor Cab as seen in Back to the Future 2 – Animatronic"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Why+Don%27t+We+Have+Hoverboards%3F&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Ftechnology%2Faviation%2Fwhy-dont-we-have-hoverboards-15363707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/m/news/technology/hoverboard-duru-1.3270569">"Canadian inventor tests new prototype of record-setting hoverboard"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadian+inventor+tests+new+prototype+of+record-setting+hoverboard&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fm%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2Fhoverboard-duru-1.3270569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOremus2012" class="citation web cs1">Oremus, Will (November 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2012/11/where_s_my_hoverboard_sorry_you_re_probably_never_getting_one.single.html">"Let's Face It, We're Never Getting Our Hoverboards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305092218/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2012/11/where_s_my_hoverboard_sorry_you_re_probably_never_getting_one.single.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Let%27s+Face+It%2C+We%27re+Never+Getting+Our+Hoverboards&rft.date=2012-11-16&rft.aulast=Oremus&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Ftechnology%2Ffuture_tense%2F2012%2F11%2Fwhere_s_my_hoverboard_sorry_you_re_probably_never_getting_one.single.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolon2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Solon, Olivia (October 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-10/27/hoverboard">"Video: French researchers build hoverboard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_UK" title="Wired UK">Wired UK</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140306034153/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-10/27/hoverboard">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+UK&rft.atitle=Video%3A+French+researchers+build+hoverboard&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft.aulast=Solon&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farchive%2F2011-10%2F27%2Fhoverboard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAamoth2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Aamoth, Doug (March 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506213644/https://time.com/13186/fake-huvr-hoverboard-video-was-our-fake-says-funny-or-die/">"Funny Or Die: Fake HUVr Hoverboard Video Was Our Fake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techland.time.com/2014/03/05/fake-huvr-hoverboard-video-was-our-fake-says-funny-or-die/">the original</a> on May 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.oed.com/the-oed-today/recent-updates-to-the-oed/september-2015-update/new-words-notes-september-2015/">the original</a> on December 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Cubs%27+premature+surge+to+playoffs+defies+all+expectations%2C+reasoning&rft.date=2015-09-26&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fcubs%2Fct-cubs-clinch-playoffs-sullivan-spt-0927-20150925-column.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gd2.mlb.com/content/game/mlb/year_2015/month_10/day_21/gid_2015_10_21_nynmlb_chnmlb_1/boxscore_col.html">"Boxscore: New York vs. Chicago, Game 4"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a>. October 21, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190720021130/http://gd2.mlb.com/content/game/mlb/year_2015/month_10/day_21/gid_2015_10_21_nynmlb_chnmlb_1/boxscore_col.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boxscore%3A+New+York+vs.+Chicago%2C+Game+4&rft.pub=MLB&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgd2.mlb.com%2Fcontent%2Fgame%2Fmlb%2Fyear_2015%2Fmonth_10%2Fday_21%2Fgid_2015_10_21_nynmlb_chnmlb_1%2Fboxscore_col.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/gameday/cubs-vs-indians/2016/11/02/487637?partnerId=LR_box#game_tab=box,game=487637,game_state=final">"Cubs vs. Indians Box Score"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a>. November 2, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114175853/https://www.mlb.com/gameday/cubs-vs-indians/2016/11/02/487637?partnerId=LR_box#game_tab=box,game=487637,game_state=final">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cubs+vs.+Indians+Box+Score&rft.pub=MLB&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fgameday%2Fcubs-vs-indians%2F2016%2F11%2F02%2F487637%3FpartnerId%3DLR_box%23game_tab%3Dbox%2Cgame%3D487637%2Cgame_state%3Dfinal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrucculieri2016" class="citation web cs1">Brucculieri, Julia (November 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/back-to-the-future-chicago-cubs_n_581b73c9e4b0b8e11a1358c9">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Back to the Future Part II' Was Only A Year Off in Predicting The Cubs' World Series Win"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506213644/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/back-to-the-future-chicago-cubs_n_581b73c9e4b0b8e11a1358c9">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Back+to+the+Future+Part+II%27+Was+Only+A+Year+Off+in+Predicting+The+Cubs%27+World+Series+Win&rft.date=2016-11-03&rft.aulast=Brucculieri&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fback-to-the-future-chicago-cubs_n_581b73c9e4b0b8e11a1358c9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOz2014" class="citation news cs1">Oz, Mike (December 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/reminder--the-cubs-won-the-2015-world-series-in--back-to-the-future-2-085935047.html">"Reminder: The Cubs won the 2015 World Series in 'Back to the Future 2'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Sports" title="Yahoo Sports">Yahoo Sports</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905065130/http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/reminder--the-cubs-won-the-2015-world-series-in--back-to-the-future-2-085935047.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Sports&rft.atitle=Reminder%3A+The+Cubs+won+the+2015+World+Series+in+%27Back+to+the+Future+2%27&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft.aulast=Oz&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Fblogs%2Fmlb-big-league-stew%2Freminder--the-cubs-won-the-2015-world-series-in--back-to-the-future-2-085935047.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.11points.com/Movies/11_Predictions_That_Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_Got_Right">"11 Predictions That Back to the Future Part II Got Right"</a>. <i>11points.com</i>. April 8, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20091208064012/http://www.11points.com/Movies/11_Predictions_That_Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_Got_Right">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=11points.com&rft.atitle=11+Predictions+That+Back+to+the+Future+Part+II+Got+Right&rft.date=2009-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.11points.com%2FMovies%2F11_Predictions_That_Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_Got_Right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-future-ii-sets-thanksgi/134631986/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Future II' sets Thanksgiving weekend record"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Tennessean" title="The Tennessean">The Tennessean</a>. November 29, 1989. p. 53. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104223538/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-future-ii-sets-thanksgi/134631986/">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Future+II%27+sets+Thanksgiving+weekend+record&rft.pages=53&rft.date=1989-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-tennessean-future-ii-sets-thanksgi%2F134631986%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Future II' blitzes b.o. with $43-mil; Harlem shaggy, 'Talking' quieter". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=SHORT+TAKES+%3A+%27Back+to+Future%27+Falls+Off%3B+Still+Leads+Box+Office+Pack&rft.date=1989-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-12-04-ca-296-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=backtothefuture2.htm">"Back to the Future Part II (1989)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130134734/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=backtothefuture2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II+%281989%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fmovies%2F%3Fid%3Dbacktothefuture2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroves1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Groves, Don (December 20, 1989). "Top pix score well against adverse conditions". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Top+pix+score+well+against+adverse+conditions&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1989-12-20&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/back_to_the_future_2">"Back to the Future Part II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430125102/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/back_to_the_future_2">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fback_to_the_future_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109331#P444" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/back-to-the-future-part-ii">"Back to the Future Part II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025215040/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/back-to-the-future-part-ii">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fback-to-the-future-part-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cinemascore.com">"Find CinemaScore"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Type "Back to the Future" in the search box)</span>. <a href="/wiki/CinemaScore" title="CinemaScore">CinemaScore</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102130540/https://www.cinemascore.com/">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+CinemaScore&rft.pub=CinemaScore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemascore.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1989" class="citation web cs1">Ebert, Roger (November 22, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19891122/REVIEWS/911220301">"Back to the Future: Part II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102061414/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19891122%2FREVIEWS%2F911220301">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future%3A+Part+II&rft.date=1989-11-22&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogerebert.suntimes.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F19891122%2FREVIEWS%2F911220301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslin1989" class="citation news cs1">Maslin, Janet (November 22, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=950DE3D8153EF931A15752C1A96F948260">"Back to the Future II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506213712/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/22/movies/review-film-a-sequel-of-sequence-and-consequence.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+II&rft.date=1989-11-22&rft.aulast=Maslin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D950DE3D8153EF931A15752C1A96F948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunney2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Tunney, Tom (January 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/back-future-part-ii/review/">"Back to the Future: Part II Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719023407/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/back-future-part-ii/review/">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future%3A+Part+II+Review&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.aulast=Tunney&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Fback-future-part-ii%2Freview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum1989" class="citation news cs1">Rosenbaum, Jonathan (November 22, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/back-to-the-future-part-ii/Film?oid=1056071">"Back to the Future Part II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">Chicago Reader</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025015923/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/back-to-the-future-part-ii/Film?oid=1056071">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Reader&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II&rft.date=1989-11-22&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagoreader.com%2Fchicago%2Fback-to-the-future-part-ii%2FFilm%3Foid%3D1056071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1988/film/reviews/back-to-the-future-part-ii-1200428065/">"Back to the Future Part II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. November 22, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923010220/https://variety.com/1988/film/reviews/back-to-the-future-part-ii-1200428065/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future+Part+II&rft.date=1989-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1988%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Fback-to-the-future-part-ii-1200428065%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amblinroad.com/2018/07/16/interview-back-to-the-future-co-creator-bob-gale/">"Interview: Back to the Future Co-Creator, Bob Gale"</a>. July 16, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229230137/http://amblinroad.com/2018/07/16/interview-back-to-the-future-co-creator-bob-gale/">Archived</a> from the original on February 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Back+to+the+Future+Co-Creator%2C+Bob+Gale&rft.date=2018-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famblinroad.com%2F2018%2F07%2F16%2Finterview-back-to-the-future-co-creator-bob-gale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awards.bafta.org/award/1990/film/achievement-in-special-visual-effects">"Film: Achievement in Special Visual Effects in 1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315043632/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1990/film/achievement-in-special-visual-effects">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Film%3A+Achievement+in+Special+Visual+Effects+in+1990&rft.pub=British+Academy+of+Film+and+Television+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawards.bafta.org%2Faward%2F1990%2Ffilm%2Fachievement-in-special-visual-effects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross1990" class="citation news cs1">Gross, Jane (March 27, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/democrat-and-chronicle-oscar-show-lets-v/125041038/">"Oscar show lets viewers see movie stars as real people"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520231706/https://www.newspapers.com/article/democrat-and-chronicle-oscar-show-lets-v/125041038/">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oscar+show+lets+viewers+see+movie+stars+as+real+people&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1990-03-27&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdemocrat-and-chronicle-oscar-show-lets-v%2F125041038%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1990-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1990_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990">"The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a></i>. AMPAS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002952/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+62nd+Academy+Awards+%281990%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Vid goes back to 'Future II' for May release of 'Future III'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. March 21, 1990. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Vid+goes+back+to+%27Future+II%27+for+May+release+of+%27Future+III%27&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1990-03-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-screencaptures-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-screencaptures_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/film/bttf2/">"Description of DVD framing fiasco"</a>. <i>Various</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211233029/http://www.angelfire.com/film/bttf2">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Various&rft.atitle=Description+of+DVD+framing+fiasco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelfire.com%2Ffilm%2Fbttf2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderton2015" class="citation web cs1">Anderton, Ethan (September 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slashfilm.com/back-to-the-future-day/">"Bob Gale's Guide to 'Back to the Future' Celebration Events Coming in October"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slash_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Slash Film">Slash Film</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151011062450/http://www.slashfilm.com/back-to-the-future-day">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slash+Film&rft.atitle=Bob+Gale%27s+Guide+to+%27Back+to+the+Future%27+Celebration+Events+Coming+in+October&rft.date=2015-09-16&rft.aulast=Anderton&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashfilm.com%2Fback-to-the-future-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.backtothefuture.com/news/2020/7/27/back-to-the-future-the-ultimate-trilogy-heads-to-4k-ultra-hd-blu-ray-and-dvd">"Back to the Future™ Trilogy – One of the Biggest Motion Picture Trilogies Comes to 4K Ultra HD for the First Time Ever"</a>. <i>Back to the Future™ Trilogy</i>. July 27, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803140315/https://www.backtothefuture.com/news/2020/7/27/back-to-the-future-the-ultimate-trilogy-heads-to-4k-ultra-hd-blu-ray-and-dvd">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Back+to+the+Future%E2%84%A2+Trilogy&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Future%E2%84%A2+Trilogy+%E2%80%93+One+of+the+Biggest+Motion+Picture+Trilogies+Comes+to+4K+Ultra+HD+for+the+First+Time+Ever&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.backtothefuture.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F7%2F27%2Fback-to-the-future-the-ultimate-trilogy-heads-to-4k-ultra-hd-blu-ray-and-dvd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2020" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Ryan (May 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/back-future-writer-says-dont-blame-netflix-censored-version-sequel-1295639">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Back to the Future' Writer Asks Universal to Destroy Censored Version of Sequel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200523100603/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/back-future-writer-says-dont-blame-netflix-censored-version-sequel-1295639">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=%27Back+to+the+Future%27+Writer+Asks+Universal+to+Destroy+Censored+Version+of+Sequel&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fheat-vision%2Fback-future-writer-says-dont-blame-netflix-censored-version-sequel-1295639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2020" class="citation web cs1">Chang, Tom (May 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bleedingcool.com/movies/netflix-corrected-back-to-the-future-error-writer-says/">"Netflix Corrected Back to the Future Error, Writer Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Cool" title="Bleeding Cool">Bleeding Cool</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602205038/https://bleedingcool.com/movies/netflix-corrected-back-to-the-future-error-writer-says/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bleeding+Cool&rft.atitle=Netflix+Corrected+Back+to+the+Future+Error%2C+Writer+Says&rft.date=2020-05-23&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbleedingcool.com%2Fmovies%2Fnetflix-corrected-back-to-the-future-error-writer-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABack+to+the+Future+Part+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/back-to-the-future-pt-2-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-mw0000654504">"Original Motion Picture Soundtrack"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170612180547/http://www.allmusic.com/album/back-to-the-future-pt-2-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-mw0000654504">Archived</a> June 12, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Allmusic.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Allmusic.com">allmusic.com</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_to_the_Future_Part_II&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096874/"><i>Back to the Future Part II</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/67921/enwp"><i>Back to the Future Part II</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=backtothefuture2.htm"><i>Back to the Future Part II</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/back_to_the_future_2"><i>Back to the Future Part II</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Back_to_the_Future" title="Template:Back to the Future"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Back_to_the_Future" title="Template talk:Back to the Future"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Back_to_the_Future" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Back to the Future"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Back_to_the_Future375" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)">Back to the Future</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future Part III</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_characters" title="List of Back to the Future characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marty_McFly" title="Marty McFly">Marty McFly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Brown" title="Emmett Brown">Emmett "Doc" Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biff_Tannen" title="Biff Tannen">Biff Tannen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Back_to_the_Future_franchise" title="Music of the Back to the Future franchise">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Love_(Huey_Lewis_and_the_News_song)" title="The Power of Love (Huey Lewis and the News song)">The Power of Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Back_in_Time_(Huey_Lewis_and_the_News_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Back in Time (Huey Lewis and the News song)">Back in Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doubleback" title="Doubleback">Doubleback</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Back_to_the_Future_video_games" title="List of Back to the Future video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(1985_video_game)" title="Back to the Future (1985 video game)">Back to the Future</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(1989_video_game)" title="Back to the Future (1989 video game)">Back to the Future</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_(video_game)" title="Back to the Future Part II (video game)">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II_%26_III" title="Back to the Future Part II & III">Back to the Future Part II & III</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III_(video_game)" title="Back to the Future Part III (video game)">Back to the Future Part III</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Game" title="Back to the Future: The Game">Back to the Future: The Game</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_Dimensions" title="Lego Dimensions">Lego Dimensions</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funko_Fusion" title="Funko Fusion">Funko Fusion</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Ride" title="Back to the Future: The Ride">Theme park attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(TV_series)" title="Back to the Future (TV series)">TV series</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Pinball" title="Back to the Future: The Pinball">The Pinball</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformers/Back_to_the_Future" title="Transformers/Back to the Future"><i>Transformers</i> crossover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_in_Time_(2015_film)" title="Back in Time (2015 film)">Back in Time</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future:_The_Musical" title="Back to the Future: The Musical">musical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DeLorean_time_machine" title="DeLorean time machine">DeLorean time machine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Great_Scott" title="Great Scott">Great Scott!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Valley_(Back_to_the_Future)" title="Hill Valley (Back to the Future)">Hill Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoverboard" title="Hoverboard">Hoverboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-tying_shoes" title="Self-tying shoes">Self-tying shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Earth_Day_Special" title="The Earth Day Special">The Earth Day Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rick_and_Morty" title="Rick and Morty">Rick and Morty</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_Mag" title="Nike Mag">Nike Mag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Category:Back to the Future (franchise)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Robert_Zemeckis37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Zemeckis" title="Template:Robert Zemeckis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Zemeckis" title="Template talk:Robert Zemeckis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Zemeckis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Zemeckis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Robert_Zemeckis37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/I_Wanna_Hold_Your_Hand_(film)" title="I Wanna Hold Your Hand (film)">I Wanna Hold Your Hand</a></i> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Used_Cars" title="Used Cars">Used Cars</a></i> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a> </i> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Back to the Future Part II</a> </i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">Back to the Future Part III</a> </i> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-Fisted_Tales_(film)" title="Two-Fisted Tales (film)">Two-Fisted Tales</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> </i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></i> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/What_Lies_Beneath" title="What Lies Beneath">What Lies Beneath</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Cast_Away" title="Cast Away">Cast Away</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)">The Polar Express</a></i> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)">Beowulf</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2009_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (2009 film)">A Christmas Carol</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_(2012_film)" title="Flight (2012 film)">Flight</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Walk_(2015_film)" title="The Walk (2015 film)">The Walk</a></i> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)#Doc_Brown_Saves_the_World_(2015)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)">Doc Brown Saves the World</a></i> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Allied_(film)" title="Allied (film)">Allied</a></i> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Marwen" title="Welcome to Marwen">Welcome to Marwen</a></i> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_(2020_film)" title="The Witches (2020 film)">The Witches</a></i> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(2022_live-action_film)" title="Pinocchio (2022 live-action film)">Pinocchio</a></i> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Here_(2024_film)" title="Here (2024 film)">Here</a></i> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects72" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects72" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects">BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1982–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(1982_film)" title="Poltergeist (1982 film)">Poltergeist</a></i> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kit_West" title="Kit West">Kit West</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></i> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McAlister" title="Michael J. McAlister">Michael J. McAlister</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Peterson" title="Lorne Peterson">Lorne Peterson</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a></i> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Conway_(special_effects_artist)" title="Richard Conway (special effects artist)">Richard Conway</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1985_film)" title="Brazil (1985 film)">Brazil</a></i> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Benson" title="Suzanne M. Benson">Suzanne M. Benson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Owens_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Michael Owens (visual effects artist)">Michael Owens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a>, and Bruce Walters - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick_(film)" title="The Witches of Eastwick (film)">The Witches of Eastwick</a></i> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(animator)" title="Richard Williams (animator)">Richard Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Bell (special effects artist)">John Bell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gawley" title="Steve Gawley">Steve Gawley</a> - <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">The production team of <i><a href="/wiki/Honey,_I_Shrunk_the_Kids" title="Honey, I Shrunk the Kids">Honey, I Shrunk the Kids</a></i> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren_Jr." title="Gene Warren Jr.">Gene Warren Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a></i> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, Alec Gillis, Tom Woodruff Jr., <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, and Douglas Smythe - <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Murphy (special effects artist)">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanfer" title="Michael Kanfer">Michael Kanfer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Sweeney_(special_effects_artist)" title="Matt Sweeney (special effects artist)">Matt Sweeney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ekker" title="Leslie Ekker">Leslie Ekker</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)" title="Apollo 13 (film)">Apollo 13</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefen_Fangmeier" title="Stefen Fangmeier">Stefen Fangmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_LaBounta" title="Henry LaBounta">Henry LaBounta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Habib_Zargarpour" title="Habib Zargarpour">Habib Zargarpour</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Twister_(1996_film)" title="Twister (1996 film)">Twister</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karen_Goulekas" title="Karen Goulekas">Karen Goulekas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Allder" title="Nick Allder">Nick Allder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Dudman" title="Nick Dudman">Nick Dudman</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Element" title="The Fifth Element">The Fifth Element</a></i> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefen_Fangmeier" title="Stefen Fangmeier">Stefen Fangmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guyett" title="Roger Guyett">Roger Guyett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a></i> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Gaeta" title="John Gaeta">John Gaeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Courtley" title="Steve Courtley">Steve Courtley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janek_Sirrs" title="Janek Sirrs">Janek Sirrs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Thum" title="Jon Thum">Jon Thum</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefen_Fangmeier" title="Stefen Fangmeier">Stefen Fangmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Conti" title="Walt Conti">Walt Conti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habib_Zargarpour" title="Habib Zargarpour">Habib Zargarpour</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Alexander_(visual_effects)" title="Tim Alexander (visual effects)">Tim Alexander</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Storm_(film)" title="The Perfect Storm (film)">The Perfect Storm</a></i> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a></i> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Goulekas" title="Karen Goulekas">Karen Goulekas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_and_Colin_Strause" title="Greg and Colin Strause">Greg Strause</a>, and Remo Balcells - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_After_Tomorrow" title="The Day After Tomorrow">The Day After Tomorrow</a></i> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Van%27t_Hul" title="Brian Van't Hul">Brian Van't Hul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Knoll" title="John Knoll">John Knoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Hickel" title="Hal Hickel">Hal Hickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a></i> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Fink" title="Michael L. Fink">Michael L. Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Morris_(special_effects_artist)" title="Ben Morris (special effects artist)">Ben Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Wood_(special_effects_artist)" title="Trevor Wood (special effects artist)">Trevor Wood</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_(film)" title="The Golden Compass (film)">The Golden Compass</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Barba" title="Eric Barba">Eric Barba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Barron" title="Craig Barron">Craig Barron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_McGuinness" title="Nathan McGuinness">Nathan McGuinness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edson_Williams" title="Edson Williams">Edson Williams</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(film)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</a></i> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bebb" title="Peter Bebb">Peter Bebb</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burke_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Tim Burke (visual effects supervisor)">Tim Burke</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Vickery" title="David Vickery">David Vickery</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a></i> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Erik-Jan_de_Boer" title="Erik-Jan de Boer">Erik-Jan de Boer</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Webber" title="Tim Webber">Tim Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Lawrence_(visual_effects)" title="Chris Lawrence (visual effects)">Chris Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Shirk" title="Dave Shirk">Dave Shirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, and Nikki Penny - <i><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a></i> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a></i> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guyett" title="Roger Guyett">Roger Guyett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kavanagh_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Paul Kavanagh (visual effects artist)">Paul Kavanagh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neal_Scanlan" title="Neal Scanlan">Neal Scanlan</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a></i> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Lemmon" title="Dan Lemmon">Dan Lemmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Valdez" title="Adam Valdez">Adam Valdez</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)" title="The Jungle Book (2016 film)">The Jungle Book</a></i> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Hoover" title="Richard R. Hoover">Richard R. Hoover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a></i> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Baumann" title="Geoffrey Baumann">Geoffrey Baumann</a>, Jesse James Chisholm, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Hammack" title="Craig Hammack">Craig Hammack</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sudick" title="Dan Sudick">Dan Sudick</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)">Black Panther</a></i> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tuohy" title="Dominic Tuohy">Dominic Tuohy</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a></i> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_(visual_effects)" title="Andrew Jackson (visual effects)">Andrew Jackson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a></i> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Connor_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Brian Connor (visual effects artist)">Brian Connor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Dune_(2021_film)" title="Dune (2021 film)">Dune</a></i> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barrett_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Daniel Barrett (visual effects supervisor)">Daniel Barrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Saindon" title="Eric Saindon">Eric Saindon</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a></i> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Simon Hughes - <i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Things_(film)" title="Poor Things (film)">Poor Things</a></i> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chicago_Cubs671" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;background-color: #0E3386 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC3433, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC3433; !important;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chicago_Cubs" title="Template:Chicago Cubs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chicago_Cubs" title="Template talk:Chicago Cubs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago_Cubs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago Cubs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chicago_Cubs671" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Chicago Cubs</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;"><div> <ul><li>Established in <b><a href="/wiki/1874_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1874 Major League Baseball season"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">1874</span></a></b></li> <li>Formerly the <b>Chicago White Stockings</b>, <b>Chicago Colts</b> and the <b>Chicago Orphans</b></li> <li>Based in <b><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Chicago, Illinois</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Franchise</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chicago_Cubs" title="History of the Chicago Cubs">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_seasons" title="List of Chicago Cubs seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs_award_winners_and_league_leaders" title="Chicago Cubs award winners and league leaders">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_team_records" title="List of Chicago Cubs team records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_no-hitters" title="List of Chicago Cubs no-hitters">No-hitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs_all-time_roster" title="Chicago Cubs all-time roster">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_managers" title="List of Chicago Cubs managers">Managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_owners_and_executives" title="List of Chicago Cubs owners and executives">Owners and executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_broadcasters" title="List of Chicago Cubs broadcasters">Broadcasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" title="List of Chicago Cubs Opening Day starting pitchers">Opening Day starting pitchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_first-round_draft_picks" title="List of Chicago Cubs first-round draft picks">First-round draft picks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">Ballparks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_Grounds" title="23rd Street Grounds">23rd Street Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Base-Ball_Grounds" title="Union Base-Ball Grounds">Lakefront Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Park" title="West Side Park">West Side Park I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Side_Park" title="South Side Park">South Side Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Park" title="West Side Park">West Side Park II</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wrigley_Field" title="History of Wrigley Field">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_at_Wrigley_Field" title="List of events at Wrigley Field">List of events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field_renovations" title="Wrigley Field renovations">Renovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Rooftops" title="Wrigley Rooftops">Wrigley Rooftops</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball%27s_Sad_Lexicon" title="Baseball's Sad Lexicon">Tinker to Evers to Chance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleacher_Bums" title="Bleacher Bums">Bleacher Bums</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dugout" title="The Dugout">The Dugout</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Messmer" title="Wayne Messmer">Wayne Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Woo_Woo" title="Ronnie Woo Woo">Ronnie Woo Woo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pritikin" title="Jerry Pritikin">Jerry Pritikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosh_Kawano" title="Yosh Kawano">Yosh Kawano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life%27s_Greatest_Game" title="Life's Greatest Game">Life's Greatest Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alibi_Ike" title="Alibi Ike">Alibi Ike</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Royko" title="Mike Royko">Mike Royko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_cow_(expression)" title="Holy cow (expression)">Holy Cow!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_DePorter" title="Grant DePorter">Grant DePorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Company" title="Wrigley Company">Wrigley Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field_ivy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrigley Field ivy">Wrigley Field ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Frigo" title="Johnny Frigo">Hey Hey Holy Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Holden_(schoolteacher)" title="Bill Holden (schoolteacher)">Bill Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heckler_(newspaper)" title="The Heckler (newspaper)"><i>The Heckler</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Curse:_Cubs_Win!_Cubs_Win!_Or_Do_They%3F" title="The Curse: Cubs Win! Cubs Win! Or Do They?">The Curse: Cubs Win! Cubs Win! Or Do They?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Believe:_Chicago_and_Its_Cubs" title="We Believe: Chicago and Its Cubs">We Believe: Chicago and Its Cubs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Harris" title="Arne Harris">Arne Harris</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Go,_Cubs,_Go" title="Go, Cubs, Go">Go, Cubs, Go</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Home_Chicago" title="Sweet Home Chicago">Sweet Home Chicago</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(Eddie_Vedder_song)" title="All the Way (Eddie Vedder song)">All the Way</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jump_(Van_Halen_song)" title="Jump (Van Halen song)">Jump</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubs_Win_Flag" title="Cubs Win Flag">Cubs Win Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamus_Catuli" title="Eamus Catuli">Eamus Catuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addison_station_(CTA_Red_Line)" title="Addison station (CTA Red Line)">Addison Red Line Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_station_(CTA)" title="Sheridan station (CTA)">Sheridan Red Line Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Street_(Chicago)" title="Clark Street (Chicago)">Clark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addison_Street" title="Addison Street">Addison Street</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winning_Team" title="The Winning Team">The Winning Team</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elmer,_the_Great" title="Elmer, the Great">Elmer, the Great</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferris_Bueller%27s_Day_Off" title="Ferris Bueller's Day Off">Ferris Bueller's Day Off</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rookie_of_the_Year_(film)" title="Rookie of the Year (film)">Rookie of the Year</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Old_Cub" title="This Old Cub">This Old Cub</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_(film)" title="The Natural (film)">The Natural</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_Care_of_Business_(film)" title="Taking Care of Business (film)"><i>Taking Care of Business</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_League_of_Their_Own" title="A League of Their Own">A League of Their Own</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cubs_Fan%27s_Guide_To_Happiness" title="The Cubs Fan's Guide To Happiness">The Cubs Fan's Guide To Happiness</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Pieper" title="Pat Pieper">Pat Pieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cubby_Bear" title="The Cubby Bear">The Cubby Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Caray%27s_Italian_Steakhouse" title="Harry Caray's Italian Steakhouse">Harry Caray's Italian Steakhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_National_Cemetery_(Chicago,_Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemian National Cemetery (Chicago, Illinois)">Bohemian National Cemetery Columbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_(mascot)" title="Clark (mascot)">Clark</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Back to the Future Part II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">Lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_the_Billy_Goat" title="Curse of the Billy Goat">Curse of the Billy Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-Cubs_Factor" title="Ex-Cubs Factor">Ex-Cubs Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth%27s_called_shot" title="Babe Ruth's called shot">Babe Ruth's called shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bartman_incident" title="Steve Bartman incident">Steve Bartman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_in_the_Gloamin%27" title="Homer in the Gloamin'">Homer in the Gloamin'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_home_run_record_chase" title="1998 Major League Baseball home run record chase">1998 home run chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_for_Broglio" title="Brock for Broglio">Brock for Broglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkle%27s_Boner" title="Merkle's Boner">Merkle's Boner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Coaches" title="College of Coaches">College of Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Hubbs" title="Ken Hubbs">Ken Hubbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Jurges" title="Billy Jurges">Billy Jurges incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandberg_Game" title="Sandberg Game">June 23, 1984 game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_National_League_Wild_Card_tie-breaker_game" title="1998 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game">1998 NL Wild Card tie-breaker game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_National_League_Wild_Card_Game" title="2015 National League Wild Card Game">2015 NL Wild Card Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_National_League_Division_Series" title="2015 National League Division Series">2015 NL Division Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2016 National League Championship Series">2016 NL Championship Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_World_Series" title="2016 World Series">2016 World Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_National_League_Central_tie-breaker_game" title="2018 National League Central tie-breaker game">2018 NL Central tie-breaker game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_MLB_Little_League_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 MLB Little League Classic">2019 MLB Little League Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_at_Field_of_Dreams" title="MLB at Field of Dreams">MLB at Field of Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_London_Series" title="MLB London Series">2023 MLB London Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubs%E2%80%93White_Sox_rivalry" title="Cubs–White Sox rivalry">Chicago White Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewers%E2%80%93Cubs_rivalry" title="Brewers–Cubs rivalry">Milwaukee Brewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinals%E2%80%93Cubs_rivalry" title="Cardinals–Cubs rivalry">St. Louis Cardinals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">Key personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Owner: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Ricketts" title="Joe Ricketts">Joe Ricketts</a> family</li> <li>Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Ricketts" title="Thomas S. Ricketts">Tom Ricketts</a></li> <li>President of Baseball Operations: <a href="/wiki/Jed_Hoyer" title="Jed Hoyer">Jed Hoyer</a></li> <li>General Manager: <a href="/wiki/Carter_Hawkins" title="Carter Hawkins">Carter Hawkins</a></li> <li>Manager: <a href="/wiki/Craig_Counsell" title="Craig Counsell">Craig Counsell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">World Series<br /> championships (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1907_World_Series" title="1907 World Series">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_World_Series" title="1908 World Series">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_World_Series" title="2016 World Series">2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">National League<br /> championships (17)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1876_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1876 Chicago White Stockings season">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1880 Chicago White Stockings season">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1881 Chicago White Stockings season">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1882 Chicago White Stockings season">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1885 Chicago White Stockings season">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1886 Chicago White Stockings season">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_World_Series" title="1906 World Series">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_World_Series" title="1907 World Series">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_World_Series" title="1908 World Series">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_World_Series" title="1910 World Series">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_World_Series" title="1918 World Series">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_World_Series" title="1929 World Series">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_World_Series" title="1932 World Series">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_World_Series" title="1935 World Series">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_World_Series" title="1938 World Series">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_World_Series" title="1945 World Series">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2016 National League Championship Series">2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">Division<br />championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;">East (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1984 National League Championship Series">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1989 National League Championship Series">1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;">Central (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_National_League_Division_Series" title="2003 National League Division Series">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_National_League_Division_Series" title="2007 National League Division Series">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_National_League_Division_Series" title="2008 National League Division Series">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_National_League_Division_Series" title="2016 National League Division Series">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_League_Division_Series" title="2017 National League Division Series">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_National_League_Division_Series" title="2020 National League Division Series">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;">Wild Card (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_National_League_Division_Series" title="1998 National League Division Series">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_National_League_Division_Series" title="2015 National League Division Series">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_National_League_Wild_Card_Game" title="2018 National League Wild Card Game">2018</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_minor_league_affiliates" title="List of Chicago Cubs minor league affiliates"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Minor league<br /> affiliates</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Cubs" title="Iowa Cubs">Iowa Cubs</a> (Triple-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Smokies" title="Knoxville Smokies">Knoxville Smokies</a> (Double-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend_Cubs" title="South Bend Cubs">South Bend Cubs</a> (High-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Beach_Pelicans" title="Myrtle Beach Pelicans">Myrtle Beach Pelicans</a> (Single-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Complex_League_Cubs" title="Arizona Complex League Cubs">ACL Cubs</a> (Rookie)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League_Cubs" title="Dominican Summer League Cubs">DSL Cubs Blue</a> (Rookie)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League_Cubs" title="Dominican Summer League Cubs">DSL Cubs Red</a> (Rookie)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:10em">Broadcasting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marquee_Sports_Network" title="Marquee Sports Network">Marquee Sports Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs_Radio_Network" title="Chicago Cubs Radio Network">Radio network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WSCR" title="WSCR">WSCR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Cubs_broadcasters" title="List of Chicago Cubs broadcasters"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Broadcasters</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Sciambi" title="Jon Sciambi">Jon Sciambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Deshaies" title="Jim Deshaies">Jim Deshaies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Girardi" title="Joe Girardi">Joe Girardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Mowins" title="Beth Mowins">Beth Mowins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hughes_(sportscaster)" title="Pat Hughes (sportscaster)">Pat Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Coomer" title="Ron Coomer">Ron Coomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zach_Zaidman" title="Zach Zaidman">Zach Zaidman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;background-color: #0E3386 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC3433, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC3433; !important;;"><div id="Seasons_(151)93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Seasons (151)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1870s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">1870 · </span> <a href="/wiki/1871_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1871 Chicago White Stockings season">1871</a></li> <li><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">1872 · 1873 · </span> <a href="/wiki/1874_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1874 Chicago White Stockings season">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1875 Chicago White Stockings season">1875</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1876_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1876 Chicago White Stockings season">1876</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1877 Chicago White Stockings season">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1878 Chicago White Stockings season">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1879 Chicago White Stockings season">1879</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1880s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1880_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1880 Chicago White Stockings season">1880</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1881_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1881 Chicago White Stockings season">1881</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1882_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1882 Chicago White Stockings season">1882</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1883 Chicago White Stockings season">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1884 Chicago White Stockings season">1884</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1885_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1885 Chicago White Stockings season">1885</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1886_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1886 Chicago White Stockings season">1886</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1887 Chicago White Stockings season">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1888 Chicago White Stockings season">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_Chicago_White_Stockings_season" title="1889 Chicago White Stockings season">1889</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1890s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1890 Chicago Colts season">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1891 Chicago Colts season">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1892 Chicago Colts season">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1893 Chicago Colts season">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1894 Chicago Colts season">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1895 Chicago Colts season">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1896 Chicago Colts season">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_Chicago_Colts_season" title="1897 Chicago Colts season">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_Chicago_Orphans_season" title="1898 Chicago Orphans season">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Chicago_Orphans_season" title="1899 Chicago Orphans season">1899</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_Chicago_Orphans_season" title="1900 Chicago Orphans season">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_Chicago_Orphans_season" title="1901 Chicago Orphans season">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Chicago_Orphans_season" title="1902 Chicago Orphans season">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1903 Chicago Cubs season">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1904 Chicago Cubs season">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1905 Chicago Cubs season">1905</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1906_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1906 Chicago Cubs season">1906</a></b></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1907_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1907 Chicago Cubs season">1907</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/1908_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1908 Chicago Cubs season">1908</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1909 Chicago Cubs season">1909</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1910_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1910 Chicago Cubs season">1910</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1911 Chicago Cubs season">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1912 Chicago Cubs season">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1913 Chicago Cubs season">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1914 Chicago Cubs season">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1915 Chicago Cubs season">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1916 Chicago Cubs season">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1917 Chicago Cubs season">1917</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1918_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1918 Chicago Cubs season">1918</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1919 Chicago Cubs season">1919</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1920 Chicago Cubs season">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1921 Chicago Cubs season">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1922 Chicago Cubs season">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1923 Chicago Cubs season">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1924 Chicago Cubs season">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1925 Chicago Cubs season">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1926 Chicago Cubs season">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1927 Chicago Cubs season">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1928 Chicago Cubs season">1928</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1929_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1929 Chicago Cubs season">1929</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1930 Chicago Cubs season">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1931 Chicago Cubs season">1931</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1932_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1932 Chicago Cubs season">1932</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1933 Chicago Cubs season">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1934 Chicago Cubs season">1934</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1935_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1935 Chicago Cubs season">1935</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1936 Chicago Cubs season">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1937 Chicago Cubs season">1937</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1938_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1938 Chicago Cubs season">1938</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1939 Chicago Cubs season">1939</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1940 Chicago Cubs season">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1941 Chicago Cubs season">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1942 Chicago Cubs season">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1943 Chicago Cubs season">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1944 Chicago Cubs season">1944</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1945_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1945 Chicago Cubs season">1945</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1946 Chicago Cubs season">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1947 Chicago Cubs season">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1948 Chicago Cubs season">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1949 Chicago Cubs season">1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1950 Chicago Cubs season">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1951 Chicago Cubs season">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1952 Chicago Cubs season">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1953 Chicago Cubs season">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1954 Chicago Cubs season">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1955 Chicago Cubs season">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1956 Chicago Cubs season">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1957 Chicago Cubs season">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1958 Chicago Cubs season">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1959 Chicago Cubs season">1959</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1960 Chicago Cubs season">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1961 Chicago Cubs season">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1962 Chicago Cubs season">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1963 Chicago Cubs season">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1964 Chicago Cubs season">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1965 Chicago Cubs season">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1966 Chicago Cubs season">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1967 Chicago Cubs season">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1968 Chicago Cubs season">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1969 Chicago Cubs season">1969</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1970 Chicago Cubs season">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1971 Chicago Cubs season">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1972 Chicago Cubs season">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1973 Chicago Cubs season">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1974 Chicago Cubs season">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1975 Chicago Cubs season">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1976 Chicago Cubs season">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1977 Chicago Cubs season">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1978 Chicago Cubs season">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1979 Chicago Cubs season">1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1980 Chicago Cubs season">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1981 Chicago Cubs season">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1982 Chicago Cubs season">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1983 Chicago Cubs season">1983</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1984_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1984 Chicago Cubs season">1984</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1985 Chicago Cubs season">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1986 Chicago Cubs season">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1987 Chicago Cubs season">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1988 Chicago Cubs season">1988</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1989_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1989 Chicago Cubs season">1989</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1990 Chicago Cubs season">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1991 Chicago Cubs season">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1992 Chicago Cubs season">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1993 Chicago Cubs season">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1994 Chicago Cubs season">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1995 Chicago Cubs season">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1996 Chicago Cubs season">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1997 Chicago Cubs season">1997</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1998_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1998 Chicago Cubs season">1998</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="1999 Chicago Cubs season">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2000 Chicago Cubs season">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2001 Chicago Cubs season">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2002 Chicago Cubs season">2002</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2003_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2003 Chicago Cubs season">2003</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2004 Chicago Cubs season">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2005 Chicago Cubs season">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2006 Chicago Cubs season">2006</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2007_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2007 Chicago Cubs season">2007</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2008_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2008 Chicago Cubs season">2008</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2009 Chicago Cubs season">2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2010 Chicago Cubs season">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2011 Chicago Cubs season">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2012 Chicago Cubs season">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2013 Chicago Cubs season">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2014 Chicago Cubs season">2014</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2015_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2015 Chicago Cubs season">2015</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2016 Chicago Cubs season">2016</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2017_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2017 Chicago Cubs season">2017</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2018_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2018 Chicago Cubs season">2018</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2019 Chicago Cubs season">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC3433 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #0E3386, inset -2px -2px 0 #0E3386; !important;;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2020_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2020 Chicago Cubs season">2020</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2021 Chicago Cubs season">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2022 Chicago Cubs season">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2023 Chicago Cubs season">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2024 Chicago Cubs season">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Chicago_Cubs_season" title="2025 Chicago Cubs season">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109331#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1241" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109331#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109331#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/197688994">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7528983-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2009105159">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169189396">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169189396">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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