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Ocean acidification and warming reduce juvenile survival of the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa | Molluscan Research
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> Ocean acidification and warming reduce juvenile survival of the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa | Molluscan Research </title> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.6"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="SUE-ANN WATSON"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="PAUL C. SOUTHGATE"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="GABRIELLE M. MILLER"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="JONATHAN A. MOORHEAD"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="JENS KNAUER"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-09-28"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-07-31"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-09-28"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-08-01"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are causing ocean acidification and ocean warming; however, the synergistic effects of these stressors on giant clams are completely unknown. Juveniles of the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819, were exposed to present-day control seawater (416 μatm pCO2) and seawater treated with CO2 to simulate ocean conditions predicted for the next 50–100 years (622 μatm pCO2 and 1019 μatm pCO2). These CO2 treatments were cross-factored with seawater temperatures of ~28.5 °C, ~30.0 °C and ~31.5 °C. The majority of mortality occurred between 40 and 60 days. Survival of juveniles decreased with increasing pCO2 and decreased with increasing seawater temperature. The com-bination of the highest pCO2 and both the moderate and highest seawater temperatures resulted in the lowest survival of &lt;20 % indicating survival of T. squamosa could be reduced considerably at ocean conditions predicted to occur around the end of this century."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="mr.32.3.7"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="177–180"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.11646/mr.32.3.7"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://mapress.com/mrs/article/view/mr.32.3.7"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2023 "/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Molluscan Research"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="1323-5818"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="3"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="32"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://mapress.com/mrs"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Bivalvia"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="<p><strong>Ocean acidification and warming reduce juvenile survival of the fluted giant clam, </strong><em><strong>Tridacna squamosa</strong></em></p>"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Articles"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Molluscan Research"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="MR"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1323-5818"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="SUE-ANN WATSON"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="PAUL C. SOUTHGATE"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="GABRIELLE M. MILLER"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="JONATHAN A. MOORHEAD"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="JENS KNAUER"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Darwin Aquaculture Centre, Department of Resources, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia."/> <meta name="citation_title" content="<p><strong>Ocean acidification and warming reduce juvenile survival of the fluted giant clam, </strong><em><strong>Tridacna squamosa</strong></em></p>"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2012/09/28"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="32"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="177–180"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="177–180"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.11646/mr.32.3.7"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://mapress.com/mrs/article/view/mr.32.3.7"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="climate change"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="carbon dioxide"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="high-CO2"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="temperature"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="ecology"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Cardiidae"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Tridacninae"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="mollusc"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="bivalve"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Bivalvia"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://mapress.com/mrs/article/download/mr.32.3.7/mr.32.3.7"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/resources/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mapress.com/mrs/$$$call$$$/page/page/css?name=less" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lora:400,400i,700,700i&display=swap&subset=cyrillic,vietnamese" rel="stylesheet//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lora" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Serif:400,400i,700,700i&display=swap&subset=cyrillic" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,600,700,900&display=swap&subset=cyrillic" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mapress.com/plugins/generic/orcidProfile/css/orcidProfile.css?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mapress.com/public/journals/11/styleSheet.css?d=2024-01-25+09%3A26%3A48" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://mapress.com/public/site/styleSheet.css?v=3.3.0.6" type="text/css" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://mapress.com/public/journals/11/article_50148_cover_en_US.jpg" /> <!-- Matomo --> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; 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SOUTHGATE</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-3"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">GABRIELLE M. MILLER</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-4"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">JONATHAN A. MOORHEAD</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-5"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">JENS KNAUER</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a></li> </ul> <div class="jatsParser__details-authors"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-1"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-2"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-3"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-4"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-5"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Darwin Aquaculture Centre, Department of Resources, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia.</div> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__keywords-wrapper"> <div class="jatsParser__keywords-row"> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">climate change</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">carbon dioxide</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">high-CO2</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">temperature</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">ecology</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">Cardiidae</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">Tridacninae</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">mollusc</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">bivalve</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">Bivalvia</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__articleView"> <div class="jatsParser__left-article-block"> <div class="article-page__galleys"> <ul class="list-galleys primary-galleys"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf" href="https://mapress.com/mrs/article/view/mr.32.3.7/mr.32.3.7"> PDF (1MB) </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__center-article-block"> <div class="jatsParser__article-fulltext" id="jatsParserFullText"> <h2 class="article-section-title jatsParser__abstract">Abstract</h2> <p>Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are causing ocean acidification and ocean warming; however, the synergistic effects of these stressors on giant clams are completely unknown. Juveniles of the fluted giant clam, <em>Tridacna squamosa </em>Lamarck, 1819, were exposed to present-day control seawater (416 μatm <em>p</em>CO2) and seawater treated with CO2 to simulate ocean conditions predicted for the next 50–100 years (622 μatm <em>p</em>CO2 and 1019 μatm <em>p</em>CO2). These CO2 treatments were cross-factored with seawater temperatures of ~28.5 °C, ~30.0 °C and ~31.5 °C. The majority of mortality occurred between 40 and 60 days. Survival of juveniles decreased with increasing <em>p</em>CO2 and decreased with increasing seawater temperature. The com-bination of the highest <em>p</em>CO2 and both the moderate and highest seawater temperatures resulted in the lowest survival of <20 % indicating survival of <em>T. squamosa </em>could be reduced considerably at ocean conditions predicted to occur around the end of this century.</p> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__right-article-block"> <div class="jatsParser__intraarticle-menu"> <div id="jatsParser__navbar-article" class="jatsParser__navbar"> <nav class="jatsParser__navbar-items" id="jatsParser__navbarItems"> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="sidebar row hasUserFooter"> <div class="user_footer col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div><img src="https://mapress.com/j/public/site/images/mapress/mpicon1.gif" alt="" /> </div> <div>ISSN 1323-5818</div> <div>2005–2012 Published by <a href="https://mapress.com/">Magnolia Press</a>, Auckland, New Zealand</div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_subscription"> <h2 class="title">Subscription</h2> <div class="content"> <p>Login to access subscriber-only resources.</p> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_Keywordcloud"> <span class="title">Keywords</span> <div class="content" id='wordcloud'></div> <script> function randomColor() { var cores = ['#1f77b4', '#ff7f0e', '#2ca02c', '#d62728', '#9467bd', '#8c564b', '#e377c2', '#7f7f7f', '#bcbd22', '#17becf']; return cores[Math.floor(Math.random()*cores.length)]; } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { var keywords = [{"text":"taxonomy","size":29},{"text":"Gastropoda","size":18},{"text":"Mollusca","size":17},{"text":"Bivalvia","size":11},{"text":"anatomy","size":10},{"text":"morphology","size":8},{"text":"Australia","size":8},{"text":"Caenogastropoda","size":7},{"text":"Index","size":7},{"text":"new species","size":6},{"text":"freshwater","size":5},{"text":"shell","size":5},{"text":"radula","size":5},{"text":"systematics","size":4},{"text":"behaviour","size":4},{"text":"new taxa","size":4},{"text":"intertidal","size":4},{"text":"distribution","size":4},{"text":"nomenclature","size":4},{"text":"ecology","size":4},{"text":"Molluscan Research","size":3},{"text":"osmolality","size":3},{"text":"New Zealand","size":3},{"text":"climate change","size":3},{"text":"COI","size":3},{"text":"new records","size":3},{"text":"reproduction","size":3},{"text":"phylogeny","size":3},{"text":"Octopus","size":3},{"text":"Indo-Pacific","size":3},{"text":"Taxonomy","size":3},{"text":"biogeography","size":3},{"text":"Nerita atramentosa","size":2},{"text":"Great Artesian Basin","size":2},{"text":"molecular phylogeny","size":2},{"text":"China","size":2},{"text":"biology","size":2},{"text":"Polyplacophora","size":2},{"text":"Cephalopoda","size":2},{"text":"spermatophore","size":2},{"text":"Obituary","size":2},{"text":"non-indigenous","size":2},{"text":"pearl oyster","size":2},{"text":"gonad development","size":2},{"text":"type species","size":2},{"text":"Buccinulidae","size":2},{"text":"Austrofusus","size":2},{"text":"Book review","size":2},{"text":"Norfolk Island","size":2},{"text":"feeding","size":2}]; var totalWeight = 0; var width = 300; var height = 200; var transitionDuration = 200; var length_keywords = keywords.length; var layout = d3.layout.cloud(); layout.size([width, height]) .words(keywords) .fontSize(function(d) { return fontSize(+d.size); }) .on('end', draw); var svg = d3.select("#wordcloud").append("svg") .attr("viewBox", "0 0 " + width + " " + height) .attr("width", '100%'); function update() { var words = layout.words(); fontSize = d3.scaleLinear().range([16, 34]); if (words.length) { fontSize.domain([+words[words.length - 1].size || 1, +words[0].size]); } } keywords.forEach(function(item,index){totalWeight += item.size;}); update(); function draw(words, bounds) { var w = layout.size()[0], h = layout.size()[1]; scaling = bounds ? 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