CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913687059f23a042',cH: '57n.aZKwm1nKo_M8iRJI8LeGnV66VAUZve9flNlaAyk-1739803172-1.2.1.1-NP_zFVrR7Hok7AzTBy5qBoMax3uWl63pQlpu4Gkx6s558TtfpdCG03Ck_0u4B5gz',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cub%20poaching&__cf_chl_tk=lxwuP66RT270bLWchfh6Q1UOMskterRuZbhHYRWCsOA-1739803172-1.0.1.1-K1Mvyg43GWpLFeGWx9UNuej.oQgA5C66edywhvS5DLo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739803172',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cub%20poaching&__cf_chl_f_tk=lxwuP66RT270bLWchfh6Q1UOMskterRuZbhHYRWCsOA-1739803172-1.0.1.1-K1Mvyg43GWpLFeGWx9UNuej.oQgA5C66edywhvS5DLo",md: "mF.Znf2svlZQKO_Q_b67tUrbyhxxByJQURut.MHMETk-1739803172-1.2.1.1-YFNLDNVM0ADnSEPosPoEnFAGpP2YtL0RRVO8qHdgxVoxKw0QtTT5.CuWhB2w9OaJynfJCQ7yQ6EW4WLRFoFvmipztCaG_8CWO3HSTf6dKnm6gfnUzQt4lIOMDsku0Ba55dmIcHquAI.JAupKt.Iu3hydRYC1Q2o4Svn7QarWP9qJPCXjGX7cuMXrEIQ0pfKc7ePe7jX29cNJaAiEuietYa.zRomLBUWEuej27LCSQX57XlpmyCrUIf0.HlfsaXPlQPSkmYMeYqKviEoJEz61I3YsNP1lVxi67p5IK34jdypGtirThd.an5dlXaOM9Ej7fDKK_yjig0VodYzAQ79ET88M2c.7RbMjy9iluxxO2Sk4rt31HMhGw1dhWlxTUOzD22w_.fftM0PusNftRr5fhPnFl1QtzSlx2zDg6Bkll1gbiF6WO1TuV6V6_juF.YNcXlwcK000Q197fEgNToBmwihhKo87qH9fRpTBmk1kKKmJm_9Wpo1sss91.h5JP3iWbtysF8xhv0qk65e55_nscXJZchGS4fkO3jq105SBt_l75fmPugbCrTpdFXAq5g5GlC1JChuDZIgxCOevpM2SzDM963p9UBpS.Y1uCyDJT.xLrusAqkL1Vzsy_czgZ3IIkw5QY.Ll4LBjhNWSflA0rJOWTaDCsh_gsHMsYMTcMdOF.ngYJeG3kA3ca_RZPW9m4GTFC0.vvRb4v5KGwz6280GZNmVw1g.QPEBoqcN9MdqXmSCpNEKe98c42sfoZAadJRkMglNrZ0mGf3s0ylBq4Iob4IMdHjRJBSP0qCCh26KOG3Xs.M0u3T6R1TVGqa2brZdQ2Vjg7nZSETEwVts4KZryzsmOY7HgfPi8bym5yy2kfnpJQmXSV7aFqAF3JvSwP1M4lc2XWbHLMimWSeCnXV9fhbEalKlFfmqfZcRQ6khs.lNEj2xW_KLQyN3Xx82gS8r.Xu6GD4haR5QrXWQngYUGZY7ffYlllcBrVJ_z71XCsxxaU3ahWklomOryH6wFi3p16ogETt6lw_sRAU8sqy9Q7PGcnQkOLjIwaJhm6Uv1g0OAweZnjR9Q1J9bP7mGTFZE8t00uGdx2kDFQ4u2Ogc.UlI1Jx8tEPx.ULDX7YedEtckurrC3PtZs6PAtMZH3.pp5ErB4kBNDh6nrUj8_5YysEV56n4O5QXolFhYXyKpGsAsHf2UKDVPgzyJm5YUKizmRVw4U1thWBg6w4_FdNokNVOBDzSvSyuer.PZqjDpWYLkePrmQb4Tln2F2JpbK07CuUbmh73WmHm1Jz0UaFBBmAt6lZ0cz1I8gCLhChjKQ10NDFuUPbUy97RYXzBh0OLqNvFJ29XdltCPCJml9pzcq3QzR79rK3IutTJfwgaDdPR8SL3f.M3ubdTlUE2iPNEs1SG_ANXIq8J0Pb9gubmR5VOnRgtzi4GvmiFsUCIEamTL_nq1MzC8poLMrtaxcZ40FPYsu9N5GW2cAJ5y94o4Z4EQLSnjvP3x_0lX02E_riIM4MZm1uZkN_TQ8IyWA0.mWX71TZDoUTND7TEK.I6kdQjZ7upXtVBHL17s4MdWHgl0PvOj8J.trDvpHFng5Bnc1ollVvkbzuBoEXfdDOs3nxI3y9w3wlUqZKXWm7_9vt13h21BkHCd1oHgD8aADZmUVHQqcEZZQUw9KHw5c.8CNLVkacdaTjywj0d5LZsCwK0d3j1pMxMsFy8UcalhjVp.tKuXfUrxvfgjd6Bn3WkXTBWPxz1.UlDGJK4f5Ga2PSKwm6zKAiRHXbUgoQwinkx_4fo2OWtuxXkwxlafGt1HI9vSj.v8u0ipZw9AbHeisjgiOpbuvbmFhW524PvPYjTGs5EXeCXhRIPob9PEZIn6HhKwVXAsuAJwO1uvEwPFs3vJnsl6IZR31Ue47EqY_Ccaw0dJv51_Y64UsVKrabBLFBqO.hDqBawWPJKfsck",mdrd: "dg_ltAdwp1JEQwVs33.rr81IGWsVtJaJfqCmzi9pheQ-1739803172-1.2.1.1-xKA0fOIJPmhoRLO25a3wr6r_W.7bAsWqWyGkOnAndNtoDrAG5MiVCaVRq_h5pCC4ECXtgXWICWqT3InFtphscqG8OpKQYXqOFEPwkRpFIrzy0EqEkDnIDVuxUc2F8ibQRnzcfRZMWypm7ROBSC6CjSNyiJq7vkPPEHTfwNe0gKUqBWo14xgTNaahGf61Yt7BgKaT3w5PoKEBz09F1T8K1W0PZhMmnEsYT2h7DPdWLUxjPvTCCyOX_6YSXV6MIxgoMRQVbp1WhGbBAZDJWxiKXzJ1uEYjy4syIgkoCSicokM__wLcIDsS6QMXXPqmHeHpU9zEUMtkrHcer2J2Od2tKLO91uzWm7H3_mednVdroBnB7k.KnN3rV22kW6EqSXT7geqoyb2_DnzD8EfLHhdiBl7hjCsyDi5Eu.NPD.VTFyxlSKeldsDwMkJd1jb8YKY6eE9WAo3_HVIAJIQO3sMGAifgzS7RUdFER2MdGKUdrYRyDfTUf9YOk1azG2Ofbfz2gwEidbrGne5tZUCHhQctA73GeGsA21_sI89M3g4n3OfS2B8f1HORZoLtaSGMaNbjRThI56GCQglIBdyP2lpgCa_Jee7nw4Np8YC815.U_IHAljM31rAtj2klTHA7Ydvd3NCm8oEQvTHu9kuntVhFGFa1RFByN0cLpBAnrO.jOTq.7M6IPkaFjbaU1q3kijb7XcqPtHCAiEJvfr9o9jSSYP9DYicBO7S3vKDHG1kRumjgTK38QTAg8ZQMscCP7ZCTNvEZU_QbGlWq05oHbOqltVCfKaIBI9I1sHYdVzG6ROF5MAsoFIezTJiHpufUr9YWoeQIIjDrgM094p4f1H8NoFl5H.1ugUWuuWFK6l8Dtm_zeKaVSYq3IOswQcbkI3zvEGEK9olNfXfsvS4vvrtK.svTBDQp1vaYr1BvrsdHFjn86KjthOMk_VuhXPx2VuoOfA8.9Yzvk8faWs2yqQABgHr0PVHpdIS5aB8meEV6WEWKL5aMfp1hU4824_sO3x0jPLzjR5zMNr21hcKc86Sob7xkHlG4XE4n4h0YW1QPBnbVeNTb_EzehWZ6yZQy.4q6qj.NrbUWXYwgWIRmm3OaXHZuB6RP9r5kCSHV5_qjxqFYBRPia0O99q.6zVWL2E6l01c_csrPuaMHTGkAt6ZtXCt.6.oBUfpbfEYKQgGuLIClCWmrVAzbp9bb4YZmxYlLupk3NNa97hQ91THbbyh.c2PfGWT.sdRtvTLkW1z4z2eQt8isixzuDzUC.YLv4k3g5NTZS2s5ROquyRvB2.luy6Nl1p7fvjmooVC98GryRb02wXdpHdZrUfgEgABPW4DU5TFo0pv4N1H2DzhzZdFweUov47n0r4vnY45LpY4qWASzQAM84KvikIXzkCurH2qZYbyMgTAe5HgvVlrR3G.EHr0egRCxnQxbIhZ5EFWR2CpMoYTuX.IlqnC1ZKYyxfVFNBLlip.iMmsho6UV0Xb0MWgbjkBsgtOxC7y8cTiTNKIRoCiWLpxpfLRuG4oeCNr2iSJzYRMF9jJtZpgBZ6NGbZaPpwrRziRuGfGVhSycEDxRlsGP7IHZ16FCtIW3qTo4F6yImCANKQJIu.YHKgJWSjbchQ0qHRPA3YLh9yEq9j132v0Jf2y9wARFqBPA4seIGK_Xo0RY4oinR0t_6uAY9MGr8GXOKMq_H3HKYQ7dZE1E4I2zLyO6tLcOytwji6c4XbLDsRdmuweqGArTyM5VJKMUr7_OUBDLUjBvR1Pp2SxbNpjADEnRsZyVX.qJQ0coWBQcI9YgUlnCVoq2toKtPiqqIt826TKFA9UskRom9e8erpWcUN3XfeBS57E63tzvIrzq1dwcYCHir4zB5FzCr2zBLVaN_pAtTiH2GkFJ.XwUu_80PmAaRjXrC5nwarUztLwzvt2PdVM2HzMBxhX74B6Zd_ihk.jNheXla8CycA6erULTqq3diKve1Vd0laYey4fKyVkZKngUIte6yunqqbCQABL.F1cuIPVfYhptvA0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913687059f23a042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=cub%20poaching&__cf_chl_rt_tk=lxwuP66RT270bLWchfh6Q1UOMskterRuZbhHYRWCsOA-1739803172-1.0.1.1-K1Mvyg43GWpLFeGWx9UNuej.oQgA5C66edywhvS5DLo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>