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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-簡史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#簡史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>簡史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-簡史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关簡史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-簡史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-分裂和變異" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分裂和變異"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>分裂和變異</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分裂和變異-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地的門諾派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地的門諾派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>各地的門諾派</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地的門諾派-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地的門諾派子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地的門諾派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-俄羅斯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#俄羅斯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>俄羅斯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-俄羅斯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北美" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北美"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>北美</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北美-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-替代役" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#替代役"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>替代役</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-替代役-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>台灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-教務概況" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教務概況"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>教務概況</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教務概況-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社會福利措施" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社會福利措施"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>社會福利措施</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社會福利措施-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在大眾文化中" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在大眾文化中"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>在大眾文化中</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-在大眾文化中-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关在大眾文化中子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-在大眾文化中-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-電影" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電影"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>電影</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電影-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電視作品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電視作品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>電視作品</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電視作品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">門諾派</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。48种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonisme" title="Mennonisme – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mennonisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مينوناتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مينوناتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكنيسه المينوناتيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكنيسه المينوناتيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Менонити – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Менонити" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonidi" title="Mennonidi – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mennonidi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonisme" title="Mennonisme – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mennonisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonit%C3%A9" title="Mennonité – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mennonité" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennoniaid" title="Mennoniaid – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mennoniaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonitter" title="Mennonitter – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mennonitter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennoniten" title="Mennoniten – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mennoniten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Μεννονίτες – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεννονίτες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mennonites" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menonitismo" title="Menonitismo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Menonitismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menonita" title="Menonita – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Menonita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menonita" title="Menonita – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Menonita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="منونایت – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منونایت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennoniitat" title="Mennoniitat – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mennoniitat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonisme" title="Mennonisme – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mennonisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennoniiten" title="Mennoniiten – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mennoniiten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnisten" title="Minnisten – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Minnisten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menonita" title="Menonita – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Menonita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מנוניטים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנוניטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonit%C3%A1k" title="Mennoniták – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mennoniták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Menonit" title="Gereja Menonit – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Menonit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennoniti" title="Mennoniti – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mennoniti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8E%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="メノナイト – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メノナイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მენონიტები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მენონიტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%85%B8%ED%8C%8C" title="메노파 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메노파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menonitisme" title="Menonitisme – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Menonitisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menonitai" title="Menonitai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Menonitai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%C3%B4nisma" title="Menônisma – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Menônisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Менонити – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Менонити" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennoniten" title="Mennoniten – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mennoniten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonieten" title="Mennonieten – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mennonieten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonitter" title="Mennonitter – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mennonitter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennischt" title="Mennischt – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Mennischt" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonici" title="Mennonici – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mennonici" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menonitas" title="Menonitas – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Menonitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menoni%C8%9Bi" title="Menoniți – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Menoniți" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Меннонитство – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Меннонитство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menoniti" title="Menoniti – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Menoniti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mennonites" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonit%C3%ABt" title="Mennonitët – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mennonitët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Менонити – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Менонити" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennoniterna" title="Mennoniterna – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mennoniterna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonitler" title="Mennonitler – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mennonitler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Меноніти – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Rough_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="翻譯標記"><img alt="翻譯標記" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a>品質不佳。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2023年11月9日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>翻譯者可能不熟悉中文或原文語言，也可能使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="机器翻译">機器翻譯</a>。請<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit">協助翻譯</a>本條目或重新編寫，并注意避免<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TNESE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TNESE">翻译腔</a>的问题。<b>明顯拙劣</b>的翻譯請改掛<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:D" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:D">d</a>|<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CSD#G13" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CSD">G13</a>}}</code>提交刪除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>門諾派</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Mennonites</span>），又譯<b>門諾會</b>，是屬於以<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="弗里斯兰省">弗里斯蘭</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="門諾·西蒙斯">門諾·西蒙斯</a>命名的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">再洗禮派</a>教會社群的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>團體成員。西蒙斯透過其著作闡明並正式化早期瑞士籍創始者所提出的教義；門諾教派的早期教義建立在對耶穌的使命和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5" title="耶稣的事工">事工</a>的信仰之上。儘管當時在許多<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教會">天主教會</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>為主流的地區受迫害，最初的再洗禮派追隨者仍堅決擁抱其信仰信念。發表於1632年的多德雷赫特<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93" title="信經">信經</a>（Dordrecht Confession of Faith）中編纂了一套早期的門諾教派綱領<sup id="cite_ref-Kraybill2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraybill2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，各個團體並不堅持共同的信仰或信條。 </p><p>大多早期門諾派信徒沒有為信仰戰鬥，而是逃到鄰近國家；逃亡地區的統治者家族對這些信仰持寬容態度，使其得以倖存。多年來，門諾派教徒因其對<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="和平主義">和平主義</a>的承諾而被稱為歷史悠久的和平教會之一。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在21世紀社會中，門諾教派有時被描述為具有不同種族血統的成員之宗教教派<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，或者既是一個族群又是一個宗教教派。門諾派教徒對這個問題存在爭議，一些人堅持認為他們只是一個宗教團體，另一些人則認為他們形成了一個獨特的族群。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 歷史學家和社會學家越來越開始將門諾派教徒視為一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="民族宗教群体">民族宗教群體</a><sup id="cite_ref-MulticultCanada1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MulticultCanada1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其他人也開始挑戰這種觀點。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 也存在關於“門諾族族裔”一詞的討論；許多保守的門諾派團體，在日常生活溝通中多使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞州的德語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a>或伯爾尼德語（Bernese German），因此符合「族群」概念的定義，而發展中國家的更自由的團體和皈依者則不然。 </p><p>世界各地的會眾體現了門諾派實踐的全部範圍，從“樸素人群”（Plain people）到那些在穿著和外表上與一般人群無法區分的人。門諾派教徒遍布全球六大洲87個國家的社群。<sup id="cite_ref-MWC_stats_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWC_stats-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 在加拿大、剛果民主共和國、埃塞俄比亞、印度和美國有大規模的門諾派教徒群體。<sup id="cite_ref-MWC_stats_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWC_stats-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 在阿根廷、伯利茲、玻利維亞<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、巴西、墨西哥、烏拉圭<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、巴拉圭<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和哥倫比亞<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>有門諾派殖民地。荷蘭相對較小的門諾派教會仍在門諾·西蒙斯出生的地方繼續存在。<sup id="cite_ref-WCC_ADS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCC_ADS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡史"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E5.8F.B2"></span>簡史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BB%E5%BA%95%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="彻底的宗教改革">徹底的宗教改革</a></div> <p>門諾派的早期歷史始於中歐德語區和荷蘭語區的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">再洗禮派</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 這些現代門諾教派的先驅是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">新教改革</a>的一部分，這是對<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教會">羅馬天主教會</a>的實踐和神學的廣泛反應。其最顯著的特點是拒絕<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%85%92%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="幼兒洗禮">嬰兒洗禮</a>，這種行為具有宗教和政治意義，因為幾乎每個出生在西歐的嬰兒都受洗加入了羅馬天主教會。門諾教派的其他重要神學觀點，與羅馬天主教的觀點或其他新教改革者如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="克爾文">克爾文</a>的觀點相反。 </p><p>慈運理所領導之一些追隨者認為，要求從出生開始就成為教會成員與《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約聖經</a>》中的例子不一致。他們相信教會應該完全脫離政府（即「原始自由教會傳統」），只有當個人願意公開承認對耶穌的信仰並願意按照其教義生活時，才應加入。1525年1月21日，在蘇黎世一個小規模會議上，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E4%BC%AF" title="康拉德·格列伯">康拉德·格列伯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E8%8C%B2" title="費利克斯·曼茲">費利克斯·曼茲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8B%9E%E7%BE%85%E5%85%8B" title="喬治·布勞羅克">喬治·布勞洛克</a>及其他十二人相互<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">施洗</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 這次會議標誌著再洗禮派運動的開始。本著時代精神，其他團體開始宣揚減少階級制度、與國家的關係、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="末世論">末世論</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84" title="性規範">性規範</a>，從完全放縱到極端<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E6%BD%94" class="mw-redirect" title="貞潔">貞潔</a>。這些運動被統稱為“<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BB%E5%BA%95%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="彻底的宗教改革">徹底的宗教改革</a>”。 </p><p>許多政府和宗教領袖，包括新教徒和羅馬天主教徒，都認為開放自願加入教會是危險的—一些人的擔憂因由再洗禮派暴力教派領導的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="明斯特公社">明斯特公社</a>的相關訊息而加深；他們聯手打擊有關運動，使用的手段有放逐、酷刑折磨、火刑、淹死或斬首。<sup id="cite_ref-Murray_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>儘管各國家教會採取強力鎮壓措施，但該運動在西歐，主要是沿著<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>緩慢擴散。官員們殺害了許多最早的再洗禮派領袖，試圖清除歐洲的新教派。<sup id="cite_ref-Murray_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 到1530年，大多創始領袖都因拒絕放棄其信仰而遇害。（其中）許多人相信上帝不會以任何理由寬恕殺戮或使用武力，因此不願意為自己的生命而戰鬥。不抵抗的分支通常透過在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="斯特拉斯堡">斯特拉斯堡</a>等中立城市或國家尋求庇護而倖存，但仍處於不安全的狀態，因為政治風向的轉變，或外來勢力的入侵，可能意味再度遭到迫害。其他的再洗禮派團體，如巴騰伯格（Batenburgers），最終被他們的戰鬥意願所摧毀。這在再洗禮派神學的演變中起了很大的作用。他們相信耶穌教導說任何使用武力報復任何人都是錯誤的，並教導要寬恕。 </p><p>在再洗禮派運動的早期，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="低地國">低地國</a>家的天主教神父<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="門諾·西蒙斯">門諾·西蒙斯</a>在聽聞此運動後，開始重新思考其天主教信仰。他質疑<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐變體論">變質論</a>，但不願離開羅馬天主教會。他的兄弟，一個再洗禮派團體的成員，在他和同伴遭襲並拒絕為自己辯護時被殺。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1536年，西蒙斯離開羅馬天主教會。他很快成為再洗禮派運動的領袖，並在餘生中被有關當局通緝。他的名字與他幫助組織和鞏固的分散的非暴力重洗派團體聯繫在一起。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="分裂和變異"><span id=".E5.88.86.E8.A3.82.E5.92.8C.E8.AE.8A.E7.95.B0"></span>分裂和變異</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：分裂和變異"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在16世紀，門諾派和其他再洗禮派受到無情迫害。這段迫害對門諾派的身份產生了重大影響。 1660年出版的《烈士鏡報》（英語：<span lang="en">Martyr's Mirror</span> 或 <span lang="en">The Bloody Theater</span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">De Martelaersspiegel</span>）記錄了對再洗禮派教徒及其前輩的大部分迫害，包括對4,000多人的火刑、無數的石刑、監禁和活埋的記載。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 今天，對許多門諾派教徒和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E4%BA%BA" title="阿米什人">阿米什人</a>來說，這本書仍是除<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>外最重要的一本書，特別是對於門諾派的瑞士-南德分支而言。直到1710年，瑞士各地的迫害仍在繼續。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1693年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="雅各·阿曼">雅各·阿曼</a>領導了一個改革瑞士和德國南部的門諾派教會的運動，以引入迴避（Shunning）、更頻繁地舉行<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E7%A6%AE" title="聖餐禮">聖餐禮</a>和其他變異。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 當討論失敗時，阿曼和他的追隨者與其他門諾會眾分道揚鑣。阿曼的追隨者被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E4%BA%BA" title="阿米什人">阿米什</a>門諾派教徒或阿米什人。在往後幾年裡，阿米什人之間的其他分裂，導致產生舊秩序阿米什人、新秩序阿米什人（New Order Amish）、考夫曼阿米什門諾派（Kauffman Amish Mennonite）、Swartzentruber阿米什派（Swartzentruber Amish）、保守派門諾派聯盟（Conservative Mennonite Conference）和聖經門諾派聯盟（Biblical Mennonite Alliance）等團體。例如，接近20世紀初，阿米什教會的一些成員希望開始開設<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%A5%E5%AD%B8" title="主日學">主日學</a>，並參與漸進式新教式的輔助教會佈道。無法說服其餘的阿米什人，他們分開並組成了許多獨立的團體，包括保守派門諾派聯盟。由於距離和在某些情況下語言的實際考慮，加拿大和其他國家的門諾教派通常具有獨立的教派。很多時候，這些分裂是沿著家族進行的，每個大家族都支持自己的分支。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地的門諾派"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E7.9A.84.E9.96.80.E8.AB.BE.E6.B4.BE"></span>各地的門諾派</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：各地的門諾派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="俄羅斯"><span id=".E4.BF.84.E7.BE.85.E6.96.AF"></span>俄羅斯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：俄羅斯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="俄羅斯門諾派教徒">俄羅斯門諾派教徒</a></div> <p>今天的“俄羅斯門諾派”（德語：<span lang="de">Russlandmennoniten</span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）是荷蘭再洗禮派的後裔；他們來自荷蘭，大約在1530年左右開始在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%86%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="格但斯克">但澤</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB" title="西普鲁士">西普魯士</a>定居，在那裡生活了約250年。在那段時間裡，他們與來自不同地區的德國門諾派教徒混合在一起。自1791年開始，他們在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>西南部（今<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>）建立殖民地，並於1854年開始在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="伏爾加河">伏爾加河</a>地區和奧倫堡省（今俄羅斯）建立殖民地。他們的民族語言是<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a>，一種東低地德語群的日耳曼方言，並帶有一些荷蘭語特徵。今天，許多傳統的俄羅斯門諾派教徒在教堂和閱讀和寫作中使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a>。 </p><p>在20世紀初，俄羅斯的門諾派教徒擁有大型農業地產，其中一些人在城市中成為成功的工業家，僱用大量勞動者。1917年俄國革命和俄國內戰（1917年-1921年）後，所有這些農場（其所有者被稱為富農）和企業都被當地農民或蘇聯政府徵用。除了徵用外，門諾派在內戰期間還受到工人、布爾什維克，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="内斯托尔·伊万诺维奇·马赫诺">內斯托爾·馬赫諾</a>的無政府共產主義者的嚴重迫害，他們認為門諾派是上層階級的特權外國人，並以他們為目標。在徵用期間，數百名門諾派男子、婦女和兒童在這些襲擊中喪生。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83-%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏维埃-乌克兰战争">烏蘇戰爭</a>及蘇聯布爾什維克接管烏克蘭後，許多公開信奉宗教的人被蘇聯政府監禁。這導致了許多門諾派信徒移民到美洲（美國、加拿大和巴拉圭）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北美"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E7.BE.8E"></span>北美</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：北美"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>17世紀，迫害和謀生迫使門諾派教徒從荷蘭向東遷至德國。隨著<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="貴格會">貴格會</a>福音傳道者進入德國，他們在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="克雷费尔德">克雷費爾德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%89%98%E7%BA%B3%E5%8C%BA" title="阿尔托纳区">阿爾托納</a>（漢堡）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E7%91%99_(%E5%8C%97%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5-%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%9E)" title="格羅瑙 (北萊茵-威斯特法倫州)">格羅瑙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A7%86%E7%99%BB" title="埃姆登">埃姆登</a>周圍的較大的德國門諾教派會眾中受到了同情。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 正是在這群貴格會教徒和門諾教徒中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E6%81%A9" title="威廉·佩恩">威廉·佩恩</a>為他的新殖民地徵集定居者，他們生活在持續的歧視之下。門諾教派在美洲殖民地的第一個永久定居點由一個門諾派家族和十二個來自德國的門諾派貴格會家族組成，他們於1683年從德國克雷菲爾德抵達並定居在賓夕法尼亞州的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%95%A6_(%E8%B4%B9%E5%9F%8E)" title="日耳曼敦 (费城)">日耳曼敦</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 這些早期的定居者中有威廉·里頓豪斯（William Rittenhouse），他是一位外行事工（lay minister），也是美國最早的造紙廠之一的所有者。Jacob Gottschalk是這個日耳曼城會眾的首任主教。這個早期門諾派和門諾派貴格會發布了首次針對<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="美國奴隸制度">美國奴隸制</a>的正式抗議；這篇論文是寫給持有奴隸的貴格會教徒，試圖說服他們改變生活方式。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>18世紀早期，100,000名<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="普法爾茨地區">普法爾茨</a>居民遷徙到賓夕法尼亞州定居，在那裡他們被統稱為賓夕法尼亞荷蘭人（Pennsylvania Dutch）。普法爾茨地區在宗教戰爭中屢次被法國人佔領，英國女王<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B)" title="安妮 (英国女王)">安妮</a>曾邀請德裔民眾前往英國殖民地。在這些移民中，大約2,500人是門諾派教徒，500人是阿米什人。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>門諾教派反對<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="美國獨立戰爭">美國獨立戰爭</a>，但許多其他德裔移民都參與了這場戰爭；他們也抵制公共教育，並反對宗教（基督教）復興主義（religious revivalism）。這一時期門諾派教徒的貢獻包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="政教分离">政教分離</a>和反對奴隸制的思想。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="替代役"><span id=".E6.9B.BF.E4.BB.A3.E5.BD.B9"></span>替代役</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：替代役"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>期間，門諾派<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%BF%83%E6%8B%92%E6%9C%8D%E5%85%B5%E5%BD%B9%E8%80%85" title="良心拒服兵役者">依良心拒服兵役者</a>可以選擇服非戰鬥兵役，在軍事控制下的醫療隊服役，或在平民監督下在從事於公園和道路建設事業。超過95%的人選擇了後者並被安置在替代服務營地。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 最初，這些人從事道路建設、林業和消防項目。 1943年5月以後，隨著美國國內勞動力日漸短缺，這些人之中的男性轉而投入農業、教育和工業。 10,700名加拿大拒絕兵役者主要是門諾派 (63%) 和杜克霍博爾（英語：Doukhobors，俄羅斯裔民間基督教派族群） (20%)。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在美國，平民公共服務 (Civilian Public Service，縮寫作CPS) 在二戰期間提供了一種替代兵役的服務。從1941年到1947年，有4,665名門諾派教徒、阿米什人和基督弟兄會（Brethren in Christ Church）依良心拒服兵役者，在美國和波多黎各等地CPS營地中從事具有國家重要性的工作。應徵者在水土保持、林業、消防、農業、社會服務和心理健康等領域工作。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="台灣"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3"></span>台灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：台灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>「基督教門諾會」，全名<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="台灣基督教門諾會聯會（页面不存在）">台灣基督教門諾會聯會</a>，為臺灣的基督教會中的一個小宗派。重視社會關顧行動。管理<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教門諾會醫院（页面不存在）">基督教門諾會醫院</a>、關顧智能有問題者的黎明教養、還有孤兒院，並關懷盲人孤兒。現今的台灣兒童暨家庭扶助基金會所提供的兒童福利照顧，最初即是在一九五〇年夏天，由門諾會宣教士<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%94%98%E9%9C%96" title="高甘霖">高甘霖</a>（Rev.Glen D.Graber）接受基督教兒童福利基金會（Christian Children's Fund，簡稱CCF）委託，在台展開的。 </p><p>1947年，前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="台灣神學院">台灣神學院</a>院長<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84" title="孫雅各">孫雅各</a>宣教士到上海邀請門諾會中央委員會（前稱門諾會互助促進社，簡稱MCC，總會位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="賓夕法尼亞州">賓夕法尼亞州</a>艾克隆）派醫療隊來台灣服務東部的原住民，MCC遂於隔年差派數位醫生、護士和志願工作人員組成的<b>門諾會山地巡迴醫療團</b>，來台與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E7%90%86%E8%93%AE" title="孫理蓮">孫理蓮</a>等人共同展開山地醫療和救濟<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣原住民">台灣原住民</a>的工作<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1952年，高甘霖擔任MCC台灣區的負責人，除了持續東部山地醫療的工作，也在西部山區開辦第二支巡迴醫療團，成員包含<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%82%E6%98%A5%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="呂春長（页面不存在）">呂春長</a>牧師及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E7%B7%AF" title="謝緯">謝緯</a>醫師等人<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。及至薄柔纜醫師來台，乃於1955年正式在花蓮設立基督教門諾醫院，進一步從事醫療傳道工作。 </p><p>由於醫療傳道工作的進展，MCC乃請門諾會海外宣道會（Commission on Overseas Mission，簡稱COM，總會位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="堪薩斯州">堪薩斯州</a>牛頓）考慮在台灣繼續擴展宣教事工。經COM派員來台考察研究後，肯定在台開設新宣教區的需要，遂於1955年差派第一位宣教師宋大衛牧師來台從事宣道事工；當年，第一間門諾教會「台中林森路教會」成立。以後，門諾教會陸續在台中、台北和花蓮設立，至2014年共22間。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="教務概況"><span id=".E6.95.99.E5.8B.99.E6.A6.82.E6.B3.81"></span>教務概況</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：教務概況"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>台灣基督教門諾會聯會現有教會22間，分別是台北10間、台中9間、花蓮3間。教會活動的成人會員約一千餘人。門諾會教會自一九五五年在台灣設立，美國總會海外宣道會一直差派有宣教師在台灣協助教會，醫護人員在花蓮基督教門諾會醫院總人數最多時曾達三十人，目前已完全撤離台灣。經濟方面，初期曾受到北美總會、信徒多方支援；一九八六年至九〇年，因台灣經濟發展舉世共睹，總會又有其他更貧窮國家待協助，宣佈這五年內逐年減少補助五分之一，至一九九一年全部停止。經濟財務的關係雖終止，但早期來台設教會諸位宣教師愛主愛台灣人的精神仍將留在此地，並鼓舞許多人來接近教會。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="社會福利措施"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E7.A6.8F.E5.88.A9.E6.8E.AA.E6.96.BD"></span>社會福利措施</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：社會福利措施"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>花蓮基督教門諾會醫院：自1955年在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%93%AE%E5%B8%82" title="花蓮市">花蓮市</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B4%99" title="美崙">美崙</a>設立，至今已近65年，「以基督的愛心，關心醫治東台灣的同胞」。胼手胝足，且非以營利為目的，門諾醫院的財務並非富裕，且建物設備多老舊，近年透過媒體呼籲，蒙社會大眾多所捐助，硬體方面已煥然一新。 </p><p>花蓮黎明教養院：設立於1980年花蓮美崙教會，本中心收中重度智能不足者，施予特殊教育。 </p><p>花蓮善牧中心：在花蓮原住民社區舉辦各類社團活動，幫助原住民獲得謀生技能，特別保護少女，使不致淪落人口販子之手。成立中途之家收容救援歸來的原住民少女，使恢復正常生活。 </p><p>花蓮黎明喜樂園：2019年於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%BD%E8%B1%90%E9%84%89" title="壽豐鄉">壽豐鄉</a>共和村三農場動土，2023年3月17日竣工；第一期分成大肯一村、二村，共可幫助七十二個肯納家庭，包含住宿照顧五十八床、日間服務十四床，另提供醫療支持、教學活動、正向行為支持、輔助療癒等設施；後續還將興建黎明職業發展中心，設置庇護工廠及商品販售、餐廳、烘焙等支持性就業服務。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="在大眾文化中"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E5.A4.A7.E7.9C.BE.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E4.B8.AD"></span>在大眾文化中</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：在大眾文化中"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電影"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.BD.B1"></span>電影</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：電影"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E9%9D%9C%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%89" title="寂靜之光">寂靜之光</a>（2007年）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電視作品"><span 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November 1, 2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2012]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galizien.org/de/galizien/27-mennoniten-in-galizien/28--aus-montevideo-galizische-mennoniten-in-uruguay.html?showall=1">原始内容</a>存档于August 1, 2012）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.btitle=Aus+Montevideo%3A+Galizische+Mennoniten+in+Uruguay&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Galizien.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galizien.org%2Fde%2Fgalizien%2F27-mennoniten-in-galizien%2F28--aus-montevideo-galizische-mennoniten-in-uruguay.html%3Fshowall%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">De La Cova, Antonio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100712210031/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/paraguay/mennonites.htm">Paraguay's Mennonites resent 'fast buck' outsiders</a>. Latinamericanstudies.org. December 28, 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2011]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/paraguay/mennonites.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2010-07-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.aulast=De+La+Cova&rft.btitle=Paraguay%27s+Mennonites+resent+%27fast+buck%27+outsiders&rft.date=1999-12-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Latinamericanstudies.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinamericanstudies.org%2Fparaguay%2Fmennonites.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123003746/https://www.caracoltv.com/los-informantes/menonitas-en-colombia-asi-vive-la-misteriosa-comunidad-religiosa-en-los-llanos-orientales">Menonitas en Colombia: así vive la misteriosa comunidad religiosa en los Llanos Orientales</a>. Caracol TV. August 15, 2021 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2021]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caracoltv.com/los-informantes/menonitas-en-colombia-asi-vive-la-misteriosa-comunidad-religiosa-en-los-llanos-orientales">原始内容</a>存档于2022-01-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.atitle=Menonitas+en+Colombia%3A+as%C3%AD+vive+la+misteriosa+comunidad+religiosa+en+los+Llanos+Orientales&rft.date=2021-08-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caracol+TV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caracoltv.com%2Flos-informantes%2Fmenonitas-en-colombia-asi-vive-la-misteriosa-comunidad-religiosa-en-los-llanos-orientales&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCC_ADS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WCC_ADS_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218073817/https://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/mennonite-church-in-the-netherlands">Member Churches – Mennonite Church in the Netherlands</a>. World Council of Churches. World Council of Churches. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2016]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/mennonite-church-in-the-netherlands">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.atitle=Member+Churches+%E2%80%93+Mennonite+Church+in+the+Netherlands&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Council+of+Churches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oikoumene.org%2Fen%2Fmember-churches%2Fmennonite-church-in-the-netherlands&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald B. Kraybill, <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites</i>, JHU Press, US, 2010, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Strasser, Rolf Christoph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162503/http://texte.efb.ch/wparchives/zh1525.pdf">Die Zürcher Täufer 1525 [The Zurich Anabaptists 1525]</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. EFB Verlag <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetzikon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wetzikon（页面不存在）">Wetzikon</a>: 30. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2012]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texte.efb.ch/wparchives/zh1525.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2021-02-24） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">（德语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.aufirst=Rolf+Christoph&rft.aulast=Strasser&rft.btitle=Die+Z%C3%BCrcher+T%C3%A4ufer+1525&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=EFB+Verlag+Wetzikon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexte.efb.ch%2Fwparchives%2Fzh1525.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Murray, Stuart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nakedanabaptistb0000murr">The Naked Anabaptist: The Bare Essentials of a Radical Faith</a>. Herald Press. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8361-9517-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8361-9517-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8361-9517-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.btitle=The+Naked+Anabaptist%3A+The+Bare+Essentials+of+a+Radical+Faith&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8361-9517-0&rft.pub=Herald+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnakedanabaptistb0000murr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Carey, Patrick W. Menno Simons. Biography Reference Bank. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.atitle=Menno+Simons&rft.aufirst=Patrick+W&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biography+Reference+Bank&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215231437/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Menno-Simons">Menno Simons | Dutch priest</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2019]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Menno-Simons">原始内容</a>存档于2022-02-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.atitle=Menno+Simons+%7C+Dutch+priest&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMenno-Simons&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Juergensmeyer, Wade Clark Roof, <i>Encyclopedia of Global Religion, Volume 1</i>, Sage, 2012, p. 129 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span title="请提供此书的ISBN">缺少ISBN</span></a>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hostetler, John A. Mennonite Life. Scottsdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press. 1955: 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.aulast=Hostetler&rft.btitle=Mennonite+Life&rft.date=1955&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=4&rft.place=Scottsdale%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Herald+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Mennonites" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Mennonites">Mennonites</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="天主教百科全書">天主教百科全书</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.atitle=Mennonites&rft.btitle=-%7Bzh-hans%3A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%3Bzh-hant%3A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%3B%7D-&rft.date=1913&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald B. Kraybill, <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites</i>, JHU Press, US, 2010, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130708122411/http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/U397.html">Ukrainian Mennonite General Conference – GAMEO</a>. Gameo.org. October 8, 1926 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2012]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/U397.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-07-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.btitle=Ukrainian+Mennonite+General+Conference+%E2%80%93+GAMEO&rft.date=1926-10-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Gameo.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameo.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fcontents%2FU397.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rempel, John G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627172229/http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M3490.html">Makhno, Nestor (1888–1934)</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Anabaptist_Mennonite_Encyclopedia_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online（页面不存在）">Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</a>. 1957 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2010]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M3490.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-06-27）. <q>Two hundred forty names appear on a list of November 1919 of those murdered in Zagradovka. In Borzenkovo in the village of Ebenfeld alone 63 persons were murdered, and in Steinbach of the same settlement 58 persons.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.aulast=Rempel&rft.btitle=Makhno%2C+Nestor+%281888%E2%80%931934%29&rft.date=1957&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Global+Anabaptist+Mennonite+Encyclopedia+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameo.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fcontents%2FM3490.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith p.139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith p.360. Smith uses <i>Mennonite-Quaker</i> to refer to Quakers who were formerly Mennonite and retained distinctive Mennonite beliefs and practices.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224131339/http://www.qhpress.org/texts/oldqwhp/as-1688.htm">First Protest Against Slavery, 1688</a>. Qhpress.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2015]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qhpress.org/texts/oldqwhp/as-1688.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2021-02-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.btitle=First+Protest+Against+Slavery%2C+1688&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Qhpress.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qhpress.org%2Ftexts%2Foldqwhp%2Fas-1688.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pannabecker p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pannabecker p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gingerich p. 420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krahn, pp. 76–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gingerich p. 452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/2201UmmXtXY.pdf">李貞德，《從師母到女宣─ ─ 孫理蓮在戰後臺灣的醫療傳道經驗》</a> <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170326040126/https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/2201UmmXtXY.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期2017-03-26，新史學十六卷二期，2005.6，113頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gospel.pct.org.tw/AssociatorMagazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=41&strMagID=M2006062301090">周恬弘，〈全方位的福音及社會服務事工開拓者─高甘霖牧師〉</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210116091545/http://gospel.pct.org.tw/AssociatorMagazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=41&strMagID=M2006062301090">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），新使者雜誌第41期，1997.8.10。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/1572760">肯納兒老後之家花蓮黎明喜樂園竣工自由時報</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-06-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629080044/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/1572760">存档</a>于2023-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.btitle=%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%92%E8%80%81%E5%BE%8C%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6+%E8%8A%B1%E8%93%AE%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E5%96%9C%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92%E7%AB%A3%E5%B7%A5+%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ltn.com.tw%2Fnews%2Flife%2Fpaper%2F1572760&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20230318000420-260107?chdtv">照顧自閉症成人花蓮黎明喜樂園竣工中時新聞網</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-06-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629080046/https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20230318000420-260107?chdtv">存档</a>于2023-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.btitle=%E7%85%A7%E9%A1%A7%E8%87%AA%E9%96%89%E7%97%87%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA+%E8%8A%B1%E8%93%AE%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E5%96%9C%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92%E7%AB%A3%E5%B7%A5+%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%82%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatimes.com%2Fnewspapers%2F20230318000420-260107%3Fchdtv&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181129065017/https://themennonite.org/groenings-simpsons-mennonites/">The Groenings, the Simpsons and the Mennonites</a>. The Mennonites. August 28, 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2018]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themennonite.org/groenings-simpsons-mennonites">原始内容</a>存档于2018-11-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&rft.btitle=The+Groenings%2C+the+Simpsons+and+the+Mennonites&rft.date=2007-08-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Mennonites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemennonite.org%2Fgroenings-simpsons-mennonites&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mennonite.org.tw">台灣基督教門諾會聯會</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190608062024/http://www.mennonite.org.tw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mch.org.tw/">基督教花蓮門諾醫院</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130911075650/http://www.mch.org.tw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mf.org.tw/">基督教花蓮門諾社福基金會</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210422004924/http://www.mf.org.tw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007392394705171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mennonites"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85083582">美国</a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79077386">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mennonité"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20101011004&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mennonité"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122753&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li> <li><span 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