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The Association of Solar Ultraviolet B (UVB) with Reducing Risk of Cancer: Multifactorial Ecologic Analysis of Geographic Variation in Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates | Anticancer Research
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#" > <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.foxycart.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//scholar.google.com" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/26/4A/2687" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Full Text (PDF)" href="/content/26/4A/2687.full.pdf" /> <meta name="issue_cover_image" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/sites/default/files/highwire/default/covers/acr_default_cover_0.gif" /> <meta name="type" content="article" /> <meta name="category" content="research-article" /> <meta name="HW.identifier" content="/anticanres/26/4A/2687.atom" /> <meta name="HW.pisa" content="anticanres;26/4A/2687" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="The Association of Solar Ultraviolet B (UVB) with Reducing Risk of Cancer: Multifactorial Ecologic Analysis of Geographic Variation in Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="2006-07-01" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="International Institute of Anticancer Research" /> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright漏 2006 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved" /> <meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" /> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Background: Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D are associated with reduced cancer mortality rates. However, the previous ecologic study of UVB and cancer mortality rates in the U.S. (Grant, 2002) did not include other risk factors in the analysis. Materials and Methods: An ecologic study was performed using age-adjusted annual mortality rates for Caucasian Americans for 1950-69 and 1970-94, along with state-averaged values for selected years for alcohol consumption, Hispanic heritage, lung cancer (as a proxy for smoking), poverty, degree of urbanization and UVB in multiple regression analyses. Results: Models were developed that explained much of the variance in cancer mortality rates, with stronger correlations for the earlier period. Fifteen types of cancer were inversely-associated with UVB. In the earlier period, most of the associations of cancer death rates with alcohol consumption (nine), Hispanic heritage (six), the proxy for smoking (ten), urban residence (seven) and poverty (inverse for eight) agreed well with the literature. Conclusion: These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that solar UVB, through photosynthesis of vitamin D, is inversely-associated with cancer mortality rates, and that various other cancer risk-modifying factors do not detract from this link. It is thought that sun avoidance practices after 1980, along with improved cancer treatment, led to reduced associations in the latter period. The results regarding solar UVB should be studied further with additional observational and intervention studies of vitamin D indices and cancer incidence, mortality and survival rates." /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="WILLIAM B. GRANT" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="CEDRIC F. GARLAND" /> <meta name="article:published_time" content="2006-07-01" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Association of Solar Ultraviolet B (UVB) with Reducing Risk of Cancer: Multifactorial Ecologic Analysis of Geographic Variation in Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates" /> <meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="<p>Background: Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D are associated with reduced cancer mortality rates. However, the previous ecologic study of UVB and cancer mortality rates in the U.S. (Grant, 2002) did not include other risk factors in the analysis. Materials and Methods: An ecologic study was performed using age-adjusted annual mortality rates for Caucasian Americans for 1950-69 and 1970-94, along with state-averaged values for selected years for alcohol consumption, Hispanic heritage, lung cancer (as a proxy for smoking), poverty, degree of urbanization and UVB in multiple regression analyses. Results: Models were developed that explained much of the variance in cancer mortality rates, with stronger correlations for the earlier period. Fifteen types of cancer were inversely-associated with UVB. In the earlier period, most of the associations of cancer death rates with alcohol consumption (nine), Hispanic heritage (six), the proxy for smoking (ten), urban residence (seven) and poverty (inverse for eight) agreed well with the literature. Conclusion: These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that solar UVB, through photosynthesis of vitamin D, is inversely-associated with cancer mortality rates, and that various other cancer risk-modifying factors do not detract from this link. It is thought that sun avoidance practices after 1980, along with improved cancer treatment, led to reduced associations in the latter period. The results regarding solar UVB should be studied further with additional observational and intervention studies of vitamin D indices and cancer incidence, mortality and survival rates.</p>" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Anticancer Research" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="International Institute of Anticancer Research" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2006/07/01" /> <meta name="citation_mjid" content="anticanres;26/4A/2687" /> <meta name="citation_id" content="26/4A/2687" /> <meta name="citation_public_url" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/26/4A/2687" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/26/4A/2687.abstract" /> <meta name="citation_full_html_url" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/26/4A/2687.full" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/anticanres/26/4A/2687.full.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0250-7005" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1791-7530" /> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="16886679" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="26" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4A" /> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="2687" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="2699" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="WILLIAM B. GRANT" /> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="wgrant@sunarc.org" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="CEDRIC F. GARLAND" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Association of Solar Ultraviolet B (UVB) with Reducing Risk of Cancer: Multifactorial Ecologic Analysis of Geographic Variation in Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/sites/default/files/highwire/default/covers/acr_default_cover_0.gif" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Background: Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D are associated with reduced cancer mortality rates. However, the previous ecologic study of UVB and cancer mortality rates in the U.S. (Grant, 2002) did not include other risk factors in the analysis. Materials and Methods: An ecologic study was performed using age-adjusted annual mortality rates for Caucasian Americans for 1950-69 and 1970-94, along with state-averaged values for selected years for alcohol consumption, Hispanic heritage, lung cancer (as a proxy for smoking), poverty, degree of urbanization and UVB in multiple regression analyses. Results: Models were developed that explained much of the variance in cancer mortality rates, with stronger correlations for the earlier period. Fifteen types of cancer were inversely-associated with UVB. In the earlier period, most of the associations of cancer death rates with alcohol consumption (nine), Hispanic heritage (six), the proxy for smoking (ten), urban residence (seven) and poverty (inverse for eight) agreed well with the literature. Conclusion: These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that solar UVB, through photosynthesis of vitamin D, is inversely-associated with cancer mortality rates, and that various other cancer risk-modifying factors do not detract from this link. It is thought that sun avoidance practices after 1980, along with improved cancer treatment, led to reduced associations in the latter period. The results regarding solar UVB should be studied further with additional observational and intervention studies of vitamin D indices and cancer incidence, mortality and survival rates." /> <meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="The Association of Solar Ultraviolet B (UVB) with Reducing Risk of Cancer: Multifactorial Ecologic Analysis of Geographic Variation in Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates" /> <meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/26/4A/2687" /> <meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="Anticancer Research" /> <meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="Background: Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D are associated with reduced cancer mortality rates. However, the previous ecologic study of UVB and cancer mortality rates in the U.S. (Grant, 2002) did not include other risk factors in the analysis. Materials and Methods: An ecologic study was performed using age-adjusted annual mortality rates for Caucasian Americans for 1950-69 and 1970-94, along with state-averaged values for selected years for alcohol consumption, Hispanic heritage, lung cancer (as a proxy for smoking), poverty, degree of urbanization and UVB in multiple regression analyses. Results: Models were developed that explained much of the variance in cancer mortality rates, with stronger correlations for the earlier period. Fifteen types of cancer were inversely-associated with UVB. In the earlier period, most of the associations of cancer death rates with alcohol consumption (nine), Hispanic heritage (six), the proxy for smoking (ten), urban residence (seven) and poverty (inverse for eight) agreed well with the literature. Conclusion: These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that solar UVB, through photosynthesis of vitamin D, is inversely-associated with cancer mortality rates, and that various other cancer risk-modifying factors do not detract from this link. It is thought that sun avoidance practices after 1980, along with improved cancer treatment, led to reduced associations in the latter period. The results regarding solar UVB should be studied further with additional observational and intervention studies of vitamin D indices and cancer incidence, mortality and survival rates." /> <meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/sites/default/files/highwire/default/covers/acr_default_cover_0.gif" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="/node/7576" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>The Association of Solar Ultraviolet B (UVB) with Reducing Risk of Cancer: Multifactorial Ecologic Analysis of Geographic Variation in Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates | Anticancer Research</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" 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has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a"> <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="anticanres;26/4A/2687" data-atom-uri="/anticanres/26/4A/2687.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></div> <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">The Association of Solar Ultraviolet B (UVB) with Reducing Risk of Cancer: Multifactorial Ecologic Analysis of Geographic Variation in Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates</h1> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">WILLIAM B. GRANT</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">CEDRIC F. GARLAND</span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">Anticancer Research </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2006, </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">26 </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4A) </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2687-2699; </span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-extras"><span class="highwire-foxycart-add-to-cart-ahah highwire-foxycart-add-to-cart-ahah" data-text="Add to Cart (%short-price)" data-apath="/anticanres/26/4A/2687.atom" data-type="link" data-font-icon="" data-parent-id="5426"></span></div> </div> <div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-7576--61227838559" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">WILLIAM B. GRANT </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=WILLIAM%2BB.%2BGRANT%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=GRANT%20WB&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AWILLIAM%2BB.%2BGRANT%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-corresp-email-link last"><span>For correspondence: <a href="mailto:wgrant@sunarc.org" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">wgrant@sunarc.org</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">CEDRIC F. GARLAND </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=CEDRIC%2BF.%2BGARLAND%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=GARLAND%20CF&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ACEDRIC%2BF.%2BGARLAND%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="main-content-wrapper grid-17 suffix-1 alpha"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs pane-panels-ajax-tab-tabs" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="item-list"><ul class="tabs inline panels-ajax-tab"><li class="first"><a href="/content/26/4A/2687" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_iiar_tab_art" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:7576" data-trigger="" data-url-enabled="1">Article</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_iiar_tab_art/node:7576/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/26/4A/2687/tab-article-info" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_iiar_tab_info" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:7576" data-trigger="tab-article-info" data-url-enabled="1">Info & Metrics</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_iiar_tab_info/node:7576/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li class="last"><a href="/content/anticanres/26/4A/2687.full.pdf" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_iiar_tab_pdf" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:7576" data-trigger="tab-pdf" data-url-enabled="1"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> PDF</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_iiar_tab_pdf/node:7576/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container" > <div class="pane-content"> <div data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded="jnl_iiar_tab_art" id="panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs" class="panels-ajax-tab-container"><div class="panels-ajax-tab-loading" style ="display:none"><img class="loading" src="https://ar.iiarjournals.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif" alt="Loading" title="Loading" /></div><div class="panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_iiar_tab_art"><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" > <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-markup" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article abstract-view"><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1"><h2>Abstract</h2> <p id="p-1">Background: Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D are associated with reduced cancer mortality rates. However, the previous ecologic study of UVB and cancer mortality rates in the U.S. (Grant, 2002) did not include other risk factors in the analysis. Materials and Methods: An ecologic study was performed using age-adjusted annual mortality rates for Caucasian Americans for 1950-69 and 1970-94, along with state-averaged values for selected years for alcohol consumption, Hispanic heritage, lung cancer (as a proxy for smoking), poverty, degree of urbanization and UVB in multiple regression analyses. Results: Models were developed that explained much of the variance in cancer mortality rates, with stronger correlations for the earlier period. Fifteen types of cancer were inversely-associated with UVB. In the earlier period, most of the associations of cancer death rates with alcohol consumption (nine), Hispanic heritage (six), the proxy for smoking (ten), urban residence (seven) and poverty (inverse for eight) agreed well with the literature. Conclusion: These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that solar UVB, through photosynthesis of vitamin D, is inversely-associated with cancer mortality rates, and that various other cancer risk-modifying factors do not detract from this link. It is thought that sun avoidance practices after 1980, along with improved cancer treatment, led to reduced associations in the latter period. The results regarding solar UVB should be studied further with additional observational and intervention studies of vitamin D indices and cancer incidence, mortality and survival rates.</p> </div><ul class="kwd-group"><li class="kwd"><a href="/keyword/vitamin-d" class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-vitamin-d" rel="nofollow">Vitamin D</a></li><li class="kwd"><a href="/keyword/alcohol" class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-alcohol" rel="nofollow">alcohol</a></li><li class="kwd"><a href="/keyword/hispanic" class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-hispanic" rel="nofollow">Hispanic</a></li><li class="kwd"><a href="/search/%20text_abstract_title%3Apoverty%20text_abstract_title_flags%3Amatch-phrase%20sort%3Apublication-date" class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-poverty" rel="nofollow">poverty</a></li><li class="kwd"><a href="/search/%20text_abstract_title%3Aurbanization%20text_abstract_title_flags%3Amatch-phrase%20sort%3Apublication-date" class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-urbanization" rel="nofollow">urbanization</a></li><li class="kwd"><a href="/keyword/smoking" class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-smoking" rel="nofollow">smoking</a></li></ul><div class="section fn-group" id="fn-group-1"><h2>Footnotes</h2><ul class="history-list"><li xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" class="received" hwp:start="2005-12-29"><span class="received-label">Received </span>December 29, 2005.</li><li xmlns:hwp="http://schema.highwire.org/Journal" class="accepted" hwp:start="2006-01-10"><span class="accepted-label">Accepted </span>January 10, 2006.</li></ul></div><ul><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright漏 2006 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-article-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/26/4A/2683" title="Expression Analysis of CYP27B1 in Tumor Biopsies and Cell Cultures" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon-circle-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Previous</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/26/4A/2701" title="Antiproliferative Activity of Vitamin D Compounds in Combination with Cytostatics" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next</span> <span class="icon-circle-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div> </div> 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