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areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Titles_in_English-speaking_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Titles in English-speaking areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Titles_in_English-speaking_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Common titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controversy_around_usage_of_common_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_around_usage_of_common_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Controversy around usage of common titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_around_usage_of_common_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Familial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Familial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Familial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Familial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_and_executive_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_and_executive_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Legislative and executive titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_and_executive_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aristocratic_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aristocratic_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Aristocratic titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aristocratic_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles_used_by_knights,_dames,_baronets_and_baronetesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_used_by_knights,_dames,_baronets_and_baronetesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_used_by_knights,_dames,_baronets_and_baronetesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Judicial titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_titles_(Christian)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_titles_(Christian)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_titles_(Christian)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Religious</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Priests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Used_for_deceased_persons_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Used_for_deceased_persons_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Used for deceased persons only</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Used_for_deceased_persons_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Academic titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Military titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maritime_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Maritime titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maritime_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Law enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_professional_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_professional_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Protected professional titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_professional_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Other organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-English_speaking_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-English_speaking_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Non-English speaking areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-English_speaking_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-English speaking areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-English_speaking_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Default_titles_in_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Default_titles_in_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Default titles in other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Default_titles_in_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rajput_social_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajput_social_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Rajput social titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajput_social_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martial_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martial_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Martial Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martial_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Academic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Religious</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Honorary titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Rulers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_titles_for_heads_of_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_titles_for_heads_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Historical titles for heads of state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_titles_for_heads_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1.1</span> <span>Appointed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elected_or_popularly_declared" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elected_or_popularly_declared"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1.2</span> <span>Elected or popularly declared</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elected_or_popularly_declared-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hereditary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hereditary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1.3</span> <span>Hereditary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hereditary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aristocratic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aristocratic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Aristocratic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aristocratic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-nominal_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-nominal_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-nominal letters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-nominal_letters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-nominal letters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-nominal_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>University degrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Title</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A" title="لقب شرفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لقب شرفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8" title="لقب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لقب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF" title="উপাধি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপাধি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Тытул – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тытул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Тытул – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тытул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Титла – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Титла" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titula" title="Titula – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Titula" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumidzo" title="Dumidzo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dumidzo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titel_(person)" title="Titel (person) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Titel (person)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiitel" title="Tiitel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiitel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titolo" title="Titolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Titolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عنوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عنوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titres_et_pr%C3%A9dicats" title="Titres et prédicats – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Titres et prédicats" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teideal" title="Teideal – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teideal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%AD%ED%98%B8" title="칭호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칭호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naslov" title="Naslov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Naslov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenis_gelar" title="Jenis gelar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jenis gelar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titill" title="Titill – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Titill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titolo_(onomastica)" title="Titolo (onomastica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Titolo (onomastica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesebutan" title="Sesebutan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sesebutan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81" title="ಬಿರುದು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಿರುದು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Дәреже – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дәреже" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheo" title="Cheo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cheo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_ak_predika" title="Tit ak predika – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tit ak predika" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titulas" title="Titulas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Titulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADm_(titulus)" title="Cím (titulus) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cím (titulus)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelaran" title="Gelaran – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Цол – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%B0%E5%8F%B7" title="称号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="称号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tittel" title="Tittel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tittel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tittel" title="Tittel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tittel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unvon" title="Unvon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Unvon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titlu_de_distinc%C8%9Bie" title="Titlu de distincție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Titlu de distincție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Титул – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Титул" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titulli" title="Titulli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Titulli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title" title="Title – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Title" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naziv" title="Naziv – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Naziv" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Списак титула – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Списак титула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titula" title="Titula – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Titula" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titel" title="Titel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Titel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="คำนำหน้าชื่อ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คำนำหน้าชื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cnvan" title="Ünvan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ünvan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Титул – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Титул" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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authority</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain contexts</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Title_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Title (disambiguation)">Title (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Customary title" redirects here. For other use, see <a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">customary land</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Title" title="Special:EditPage/Title">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Title%22">"Title"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Title%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Title%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Title%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Title%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Title%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>title</b> is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either generation, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, <i><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic church">Catholic</a> usage – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cushing#Legacy" title="Richard Cushing">Richard Cardinal Cushing</a> – or clerical titles such as <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a>). Some titles are <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">hereditary</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Honorary title" redirects here. For the term in academia specifically, see <a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary title (academic)</a>.</div> <p>Titles include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific titles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">styles of address</a>, a phrase used to convey respect to the recipient of a communication, or to recognize an attribute such as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Social title">Social titles</a>, prevalent among certain sections of society due to historic or other reasons.</li> <li>Other accomplishment, as with a <a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">title of honor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Title of authority, an identifier that specifies the office or position held by an <a href="/wiki/Official" title="Official">official</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles_in_English-speaking_areas">Titles in English-speaking areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Titles in English-speaking areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_titles">Common titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Common titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mr." title="Mr.">Mr.</a> – Adult man (regardless of marital status)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ms." title="Ms.">Ms.</a> – Adult woman (regardless of marital status)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs." title="Mrs.">Mrs.</a> – Married Adult woman (includes widows and divorcées)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss" title="Miss">Miss</a> – Unmarried Adult Woman or Female child</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_(form_of_address)" title="Master (form of address)">Master</a> – Male Child</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam" title="Madam">Madam</a> (also Madame and Ma'am) – Formal form of address for an adult woman. Also used to denote a position of power or respect, similar to the usage of "Mister" for men, e.g. "Mister/Madam Ambassador".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Controversy_around_usage_of_common_titles">Controversy around usage of common titles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversy around usage of common titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some people object to the usage of titles to denote marital status, age or gender. In 2018, a campaign named GoTitleFree<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was launched to encourage businesses to stop requesting, storing and using marital status titles in their registration forms, and when speaking with customers, launched on the grounds that titles often lead to assumptions about a woman's age or availability for marriage, and exclude non-binary people. This is in line with established practice advocated by the World Wide Web Consortium<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Government Digital Service<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which sets the standard for UK government online services. This in turn means that titles are optional on UK passports and driving licences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Familial">Familial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Familial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Family titles in English-speaking countries include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uncle" title="Uncle">Uncle</a> – one's parent's brother (may also include great uncles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aunt" title="Aunt">Aunt</a> or Aunty – one's parent's sister (may also include great aunts)</li> <li>Granny, Gran, Grandma or Nana – one's <a href="/wiki/Grandparent" title="Grandparent">grandmother</a> (may also include great-grandmothers)</li> <li>Pop, Grandpa, Gramps or Grandad – one's <a href="/wiki/Grandparent" title="Grandparent">grandfather</a> (may also include great-grandfathers)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_and_executive_titles">Legislative and executive titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legislative and executive titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hon. (<a href="/wiki/Honourable" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable">Honourable</a>) (for younger sons and daughters of <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">barons</a>) and. Rt. Hon. (<a href="/wiki/Right_Honourable" class="mw-redirect" title="Right Honourable">Right Honourable</a>) (for <a href="/wiki/Privy_Councillor" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Councillor">Privy Councillors</a>), used in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <p>Some job titles of members of the legislature and executive are used as titles. </p> <ul><li>MP, for members of the Parliament (usually the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>)</li> <li>MYP, for members of the <a href="/wiki/UK_Youth_Parliament" title="UK Youth Parliament">UK Youth Parliament</a></li> <li>MSYP, for members of the Scottish Youth Parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator">Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator">Senator</a>, for members of the American or Australian <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker</a>, for speaker of Parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a> (from which comes such titles as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy President">Deputy President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_Vice_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Vice President">Executive Vice President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President">Vice President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Councillor</a>, for member of a council</li> <li>Youth Councillor (YC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">Alderman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Selectman" class="mw-redirect" title="Selectman">Selectman</a></li> <li>Delegate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> and related terms such as <a href="/wiki/Lady_Mayoress" title="Lady Mayoress">Lady Mayoress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_(title)" title="Burgess (title)">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">Ambassador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envoy_(title)" title="Envoy (title)">Envoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary" title="Secretary">Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">Foreign Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary">General Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state" title="Secretary of state">Secretary of State</a>, and other titles in the form "Secretary of..." in which Secretary means the same thing as Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attach%C3%A9" title="Attaché">Attaché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">Chargé d'affaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">Provost</a></li> <li>Minister (from which comes such titles as Prime Minister and Health Minister)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aristocratic_titles">Aristocratic titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aristocratic titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and noble ranks">Royal and noble ranks</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a>/<a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Princess</a> – From the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">princeps</a></i>, meaning "first person" or "first citizen". The title was originally used by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> at the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> to avoid the political risk of assuming the title <i>Rex</i> ("King") in what was technically still a republic. In modern times, the title is often given to the sons and daughters of ruling monarchs. Also a title of certain ruling monarchs under the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and its subsidiary territories until 1918 which is still used in <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> still uses the title Prince to this day, even though it was not a part of the Holy Roman Empire) and in <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> before 1917. The German title is <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst</a> ("first"), a translation of the Latin term;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the equivalent Russian term is <i>князь (knyaz)</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduke</a>/<a href="/wiki/Archduchess" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess">Archduchess</a> – A title derived from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">Archon</a></i> ("ruler; higher") and the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">Dux</a></i>("leader"). It was used most notably by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Dynasty">Habsburg Dynasty</a> that ruled <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> until 1918.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke">Grand Duke</a>/<a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess">Grand Duchess</a> – "Big; large" + Latin <i>Dux</i> (leader). A variant of "Archduke", used particularly in English translations <a href="/wiki/Romanov_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanov Dynasty">Romanov Dynasty</a> Russian titles. Also used in various Germanic territories until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Still survives in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke</a>/<a href="/wiki/Duchess" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess">Duchess</a> – From the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">Dux</a></i>, a military title used in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, especially in its early <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine period</a> when it designated the military commander for a specific zone.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis">Marquis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess</a>/<a href="/wiki/Marquise" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquise">Marquise</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marchioness" class="mw-redirect" title="Marchioness">Marchioness</a> – From the French <i>marchis</i>, literally "ruler of a border area" (from Old French <i>marche</i> meaning "border"); exact English translation is "March Lord", or "Lord of the March".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a>/<a href="/wiki/Countess" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess">Countess</a> - From the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">comes</a></i> meaning "companion". The word was used by the Roman Empire in its Byzantine period as an honorific with a meaning roughly equivalent to modern English "peer". It became the title of those who commanded field armies in the Empire, as opposed to "Dux" which commanded locally based forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a> (used in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a>, but the feminine equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Countess" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess">Countess</a>) – From the Germanic <i>jarl</i>, meaning "chieftain", the title was brought to the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxons and survives in use only there, having been superseded in Scandinavia and on the European continent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Viscountess" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscountess">Viscountess</a> - From the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Vicarius" title="Vicarius">vicarius</a></i> ("Deputy; substitute". Hence "vicar" and prefix "vice-") appended to Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">comes</a></i>. Literally: "Deputy Count".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baroness" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroness">Baroness</a> - From the <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <i>Baro</i>, meaning "man, servant, soldier". The title originally designated the chief feudal tenant of a place, who was in vassalage to a greater lord.</li></ul> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, "Lord" and "Lady" are <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_address_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forms of address in the United Kingdom">used as titles</a> for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs", they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> "<a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Parliament" title="Lord of Parliament">Lord of Parliament</a>" and "Lady of Parliament" are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">Lord</a> – From Old English <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hl%C4%81ford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hlāford (page does not exist)">hlāford</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hl%C4%81fweard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hlāfweard (page does not exist)">hlāfweard</a></i>, meaning, literally, "bread-keeper", from hlāf ("bread") + weard ("guardian, keeper") and by extension "husband, father, or chief". (From which comes modified titles such as <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Manor">Lord of the Manor</a>.) The feminine equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">Lady</a> from the related Old English <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hl%C7%A3fd%C4%AB%C4%A1e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hlǣfdīġe (page does not exist)">hlǣfdīġe</a></i> meaning, literally, "bread-kneader", from hlāf ("bread") + dīġe ("maid"), and by extension wife, daughter, or mistress of the house. (From which comes <a href="/wiki/First_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady">First Lady</a>, the anachronistic <a href="/wiki/Second_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lady">Second Lady</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a>/<a href="/wiki/Empress" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress">Empress</a> – From the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></i>, meaning he/she who holds the authority to command (<i>imperium</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">King</a>/<a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen</a> – Derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>/Germanic words. The original meaning of the root of "king" apparently meant "leader of the family" or "descendant of the leader of the family", and the original meaning of "queen", "wife". By the time the words came into English they already meant "ruler".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tsarina" title="Tsarina">Tsarina</a> (Tsaritsa) – Slavonic loan-word from Latin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a> – The name of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> taken by his heir <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> and thereafter by Augustus' successors as <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">fall of Constantinople</a> in 1453. Loaned into German as <a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">Leader</a> – From Old English <i>lædan</i>, meaning "to guide". The head of state of <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> is titled Great Leader. The <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> head of state of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> is titled <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">Supreme Leader</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieftain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftain">Chief</a> – A variation of the English "Prince", used as the short form of the word "Chieftain" (except for in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, where "Chieftain" is a title held by a titleholder subordinate to a chief). Generally used to refer to a recognised leader within a <a href="/wiki/Chieftaincy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftaincy">chieftaincy</a> system. From this come the variations <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramount chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clan_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan chief">clan chief</a> and <a href="/wiki/Village_headman" class="mw-redirect" title="Village headman">village chief</a>. The feminine equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Chieftain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftain">Chieftess</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100pt"><a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">Male</a> version </th> <th width="100pt"><a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">Female</a> version </th> <th width="100pt"><a href="/wiki/Realm" title="Realm">Realm</a> </th> <th width="100pt"><a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">Adjective</a> </th> <th width="100pt"><i><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></i> </th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> </td> <td><i>There is no formal feminine of Pope</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Papal" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal">Papal</a> </td> <td><i>Papa</i> </td> <td>Monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> and later Sovereign of the State of <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a> </td> <td>Empress </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a> </td> <td>Imperial<br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal" title="Imperial and Royal">Imperial and Royal</a> (Austria) </td> <td><i>Imperator</i> (<i>Imperatrix</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">First and Second French Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Empire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mexican Empire (disambiguation)">Mexican Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (none left in Europe after 1918), <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of India">Empress of India</a> (ceased to be used after 1947 when <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> was granted independence from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>), <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (the only remaining enthroned emperor in the world). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Kingdom</a> </td> <td>Royal </td> <td><i>Rex</i> (<i>Regina</i>) </td> <td>Common in larger sovereign states </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> </td> <td>Vicereine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a> </td> <td>Viceroyal, Viceregal </td> <td><i>Proconsul</i> </td> <td>Historical: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> Empire (<a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of New Spain">New Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Rio_de_la_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata">Rio de la Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a>), <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a>), <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> Empire </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke">Grand Duke</a> </td> <td>Grand Duchess </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_duchy" title="Grand duchy">Grand duchy</a> </td> <td>Grand Ducal </td> <td><i>Magnus Dux</i> </td> <td>Today: <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>; historical: <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden Germany">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a> <i>et al.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduke</a> </td> <td>Archduchess </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archduchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchy">Archduchy</a> </td> <td>Archducal </td> <td><i>Arci Dux</i> </td> <td>Historical: Unique only in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archduchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchy">Archduchy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>; title used for member of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> dynasty </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Princess</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a> </td> <td>Princely </td> <td><i>Princeps</i> </td> <td>Today: <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturies" class="mw-redirect" title="Asturies">Asturies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> (Co-Princes). Historical: <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke</a> </td> <td>Duchess </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> </td> <td>Ducal </td> <td><i>Dux</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Buccleuch" title="Duke of Buccleuch">Duke of Buccleuch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Duke of Devonshire">Duke of Devonshire</a> et al. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> </td> <td>Countess </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a> </td> <td>Comital </td> <td><i>Comes</i> </td> <td>Most common in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, translated in German as <a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a>; historical: <a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>, numerous others </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> </td> <td>Baroness </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feudal_barony" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal barony">Barony</a> </td> <td>Baronial </td> <td><i>Baro</i> </td> <td>There are normal baronies and sovereign baronies, a sovereign barony can be compared with a principality, however, this is an historical exception; sovereign barons no longer have a sovereign barony, but only the title and style </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chieftain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftain">Chief</a> </td> <td>Chieftainess </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">Chiefdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chieftaincy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftaincy">Chieftaincy</a> </td> <td>Chiefly </td> <td><i>Capitaneus</i> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Clan_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan chief">clan chiefs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the grand chiefs in the <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Papua New Guinean honours system">Papua New Guinean honours system</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Principal_Chiefs_of_the_Cherokee" title="List of Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee">chief of the Cherokee nation</a>, the chiefs of the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Chieftaincy" title="Nigerian Chieftaincy">Nigerian chieftaincy system</a>, numerous others </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_High_Priestess" title="The High Priestess">Popess</a><br />The title of a character found in <a href="/wiki/Tarot_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot cards">Tarot cards</a> based upon the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> on the Roman Catholic Church. As the Bishop of Rome is an office always forbidden to women there is no formal feminine of Pope, which comes from the Latin word <i>papa</i> (an affectionate form of the Latin for <i>father</i>). The legendary <a href="/wiki/Pope_Joan" title="Pope Joan">female Pope Joan</a>, is also referred to as <i>Popess</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<br />Nonetheless some European languages, along with English, have formed a feminine form of the word <i>pope</i>, such as the Italian <i>papessa</i>, the French <i>papesse</i>, the Portuguese <i>papisa</i>, and the German <i>Päpstin</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles_used_by_knights,_dames,_baronets_and_baronetesses"><span id="Titles_used_by_knights.2C_dames.2C_baronets_and_baronetesses"></span>Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These do not confer nobility. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> – Used by <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baronets" class="mw-redirect" title="Baronets">baronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame (title)">Dame</a> – Used by dames and <a href="/wiki/Baronetess" class="mw-redirect" title="Baronetess">baronetesses</a></li></ul> <p>"Sir" and "Dame" differ from titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs" in that they can only be used before a person's first name, and not immediately before their surname. </p> <ul><li>Chevalier (French)</li> <li>Cavaliere (Italian)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_titles">Judicial titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Judicial titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocate" title="Advocate">Advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocate General">Advocate General</a> <b>AG</b></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attorney" class="extiw" title="wikt:attorney">Attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">Barrister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_High_Court" title="Chancellor of the High Court">Chancellor</a> <b>C</b> (of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">Judge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty Judge">Admiralty Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">Justice</a> <b>J</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Chief Justice">Lord Chief Justice</a> <b>CJ</b> (of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Justice_Clerk" title="Lord Justice Clerk">Lord Justice Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Justice_of_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Justice of Appeal">Lord Justice of Appeal</a> <b>LJ</b> (of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal">Court of Appeal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice of the Peace">Justice of the Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">Magistrate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Promagistrate" title="Promagistrate">Promagistrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Rolls" title="Master of the Rolls">Master of the Rolls</a> <b>MR</b> (of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal">Court of Appeal</a>)</li> <li>Member and Chairman, for members of quasi-judicial boards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">Notary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Queen%27s_Bench_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Queen's Bench Division">President</a> <b>P</b> (of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Bench_Division" title="King's Bench Division">Queen's/King's Bench Division</a>) or <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Family_Division" title="President of the Family Division">President</a> <b>P</b> (of the Family Division) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Court_of_Session" title="Lord President of the Court of Session">Lord President of the Court of Session</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Counsellor</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Councillor</a>) <b>PC</b> (of <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">Queen's Counsel</a> <b>QC</b> (King's Counsel <b>KC</b> when <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> is male)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor" title="Solicitor">Solicitor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical">Historical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lictor" title="Lictor">Lictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">Reeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneschal" title="Seneschal">Seneschal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribune" title="Tribune">Tribune</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_titles_(Christian)"><span id="Ecclesiastical_titles_.28Christian.29"></span>Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Titles are used to show somebody's <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a> as a priest or their membership in a <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">religious order</a>. Use of titles differs between <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religious">Religious</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religious"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Christian)">Brother</a> – also for <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother" title="Mother">Mother</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Mother Superior</a>, and Reverend Mother</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverend" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverend">Reverend</a></li> <li>Sister – for <a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">religious sisters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Priests">Priests</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Priests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar to <a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">The Reverend</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boy_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Bishop">Boy Bishop</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Archbishop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord Archbishop (page does not exist)">Lord Archbishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Bishop">Metropolitan Bishop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Bishop">Prince Bishop</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">Presbyter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a> (from which comes <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/High_Priest" class="extiw" title="wikt:High Priest">High Priest</a>. The feminine equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priestess</a>.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Father</a> (Fr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar" title="Vicar">Vicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom (title)">Dom</a> – (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Dominus</i>, "Lord") Used for <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> monks in solemn <a href="/wiki/Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">religious vows</a>, but reserved for <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbots</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a>. In Brazil, it is used for bishops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter_(title)" title="Ter (title)">Ter (title)</a> – Used by Armenian priests.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Used_for_deceased_persons_only">Used for deceased persons only</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Used for deceased persons only"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> (abbreviated S. or St.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> – Greek translation of Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (or <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>), commonly used to refer to <a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus of Nazareth">Jesus of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean (religion)">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)" title="Elder (Christianity)">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Church (LDS Church)">President</a> (in <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)" title="Reader (liturgy)">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoner" title="Almoner">Almoner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Almoner" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord High Almoner">Lord High Almoner</a> (Christian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">Teacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy">Seventy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Priest" class="mw-redirect" title="High Priest">High Priest</a></li> <li>Great (Lord) Father of all churches</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_titles">Academic titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Academic titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_titles_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Academic titles (disambiguation)">Titles in academia</a></div> <ul><li>Dr. – Short for <a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">doctor</a>, a title used by those with doctoral degrees, such as <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>, <a href="/wiki/DPhil" class="mw-redirect" title="DPhil">DPhil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">DO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentist" title="Dentist">DDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Education" title="Doctor of Education">EdD</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctor_of_Clinical_Nutrition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctor of Clinical Nutrition (page does not exist)">DCN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration" title="Doctor of Business Administration">DBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Nursing_Practice" title="Doctor of Nursing Practice">DNP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Pharmacy" title="Doctor of Pharmacy">PharmD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_education" title="Veterinary education">DVM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Legum_Doctor" title="Legum Doctor">LLD</a>. Those with <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a> degrees, although technically allowed, do not use this as a title by convention.</li> <li>Prof. – <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a></li> <li>Doc. – <a href="/wiki/Docent" title="Docent">Docent</a></li> <li>EUR ING – Short for <a href="/wiki/European_Engineer" title="European Engineer">European Engineer</a>, an international professional qualification and title for highly qualified engineers used in over 32 European countries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_titles">Military titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Military titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Military ranks are used before names. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/Grand_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Admiral">Grand Admiral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet Admiral">Fleet Admiral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom">Lord High Admiral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">Captain</a> (from which comes <a href="/wiki/Group_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Captain">Group Captain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> (from which comes <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commander</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wing_Commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing Commander (rank)">Wing Commander</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">Commodore</a> (from which comes <a href="/wiki/Air_Commodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Commodore">Air Commodore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/Lance_Corporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lance Corporal">Lance Corporal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staff_Corporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff Corporal">Staff Corporal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> is usually used as a sort of shorthand for "general military commander". The term's far-reaching connotation has provoked its use in a very broad range of titles, including <a href="/wiki/Adjutant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjutant General">Adjutant General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain General">Captain General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Director_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Director General">Director General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="General of the Army">General of the Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General">Governor General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Justice_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Justice General">Lord Justice General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">Resident General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General">Secretary General</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Solicitor_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Solicitor General">Solicitor General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Surgeon General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vicar_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General">Vicar General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flight Lieutenant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant">Lord Lieutenant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal" title="Marshal">Marshal</a> (from which comes <a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal">Air Chief Marshal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal">Air Marshal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Vice_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Vice Marshal">Air Vice Marshal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Mate">Mate</a>, more often titled as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Mate">Chief Mate</a> or <a href="/wiki/First_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="First Mate">First Mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officer</a>, a generic sort of title whose use has spread in recent years into a wide array of mostly corporate and military titles. These include <a href="/wiki/Air_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Officer">Air Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Academic_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Academic Officer">Chief Academic Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_analytics_officer" title="Chief analytics officer">Chief analytics officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Business_Development_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Business Development Officer">Chief Business Development Officer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chief_Credit_Officer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chief Credit Officer (page does not exist)">Chief Credit Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">Chief Executive Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Financial_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Financial Officer">Chief Financial Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Information_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Information Officer">Chief Information Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Information_Security_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Information Security Officer">Chief Information Security Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_knowledge_officer" title="Chief knowledge officer">chief knowledge officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Marketing_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Marketing Officer">Chief Marketing Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Operating_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Operating Officer">Chief Operating Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Petty_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Petty Officer">Chief Petty Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Risk_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Risk Officer">Chief Risk Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Security_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Security Officer">Chief Security Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Strategy_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Strategy Officer">Chief Strategy Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Technical_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Technical Officer">Chief Technical Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Warrant Officer">Chief Warrant Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corporate_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate officer">Corporate officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Customs_officer" title="Customs officer">Customs officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Field officer">Field officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">First Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Officer">Flag Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flying_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Officer">Flying Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="General Officer">General Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Officer">Intelligence Officer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_Warrant_Officer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior Warrant Officer (page does not exist)">Junior Warrant Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_Chief_Petty_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Chief Petty Officer">Master Chief Petty Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Warrant Officer">Master Warrant Officer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Officer_of_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Officer of State (page does not exist)">Officer of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petty_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty Officer">Petty Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilot_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot Officer">Pilot Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Officer">Police Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_officer_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Political officer (military)">Political Officer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revenue_Officer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revenue Officer (page does not exist)">Revenue Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_rank#Field_or_senior_officers" title="Military rank">Senior Officer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ship%27s_Officer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ship's Officer (page does not exist)">Ship's Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staff_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff Officer">Staff Officer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Warrant Officer</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a>, and many equivalent ranks depending on regiment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> (from which come <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sergeant_at_mace" class="extiw" title="wikt:sergeant at mace">Sergeant at Mace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant at Arms">Sergeant at Arms</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maritime_titles">Maritime titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Maritime titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seafarer%27s_professions_and_ranks" title="Seafarer's professions and ranks">Seafarer's professions and ranks</a></div> <p>The names of shipboard officers, certain shipping line employees and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Academy">Maritime Academy</a> faculty/staff are preceded by their title when acting in performance of their duties. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(nautical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (nautical)">Captain</a> – a ship's highest responsible officer acting on behalf of the ship's owner (Master) or a person who is responsible for the maintenance of the vessels of a shipping line, for their docking, the handling of cargo and for the hiring of personnel for deck departments (Port Captain).</li> <li>Chief – a licensed mariner in charge of the engineering (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Engineer">Chief Engineer</a>) or deck (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Mate">Chief Mate</a> or Officer) department</li> <li>Mate – licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship (see <a href="/wiki/Second_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Mate">Second Mate</a> & <a href="/wiki/Third_Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Mate">Third Mate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet" title="Cadet">Cadet</a> – unlicensed trainee mate/officer or engineer under training</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Law enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The names of police officers may be preceded by a title such as "Officer" or by their rank. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constable" title="Constable">Constable</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lord High Constable (disambiguation)">Lord High Constable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senior_Constable" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Constable">Senior Constable</a>)</li> <li>Agent</li> <li>Sergeant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Officer">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Police chief">Chief</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_professional_titles">Protected professional titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Protected professional titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North America, several jurisdictions restrict the use of some professional titles to those individuals holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Individuals not authorised to use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles are often reserved to those professions that require a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or higher and a state, provincial, or national license. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional Engineer">Professional Engineer</a>, Registered Engineer,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Engineer (in Quebec)<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_de_pratique_professionnelle_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide_de_pratique_professionnelle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered Nurse">Professional Nurse</a>, Registered Nurse, Nurse<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_organizations">Other organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some titles are used to show one's role or position in a society or organization. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_(school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal (school)">Principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanny" title="Nanny">Nanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_(sport)" title="Coach (sport)">Coach</a></li> <li>Wizard, such as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Wizard" title="Grand Wizard">Grand Wizard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Wizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Wizard">Imperial Wizard</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li>Brother or Sister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scout_(The_Scout_Association)" title="Chief Scout (The Scout Association)">Chief Scout (The Scout Association)</a> – the head of The Scout Association</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Scout" title="King's Scout">King's Scout</a> – title conferred upon a scout upon achieving highest attainable award achievable in the Scouting movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Guide" title="Queen's Guide">Queen's Guide</a> – title conferred upon a guide upon highest attainable award for members of the Girl Guiding movement</li> <li>Scout, <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)">Eagle Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Grandmaster (disambiguation)">Grandmaster</a></li></ul> <p>Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen">Citizen</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="First Citizen">First Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comrade" title="Comrade">Comrade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-English_speaking_areas">Non-English speaking areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Non-English speaking areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Default_titles_in_other_languages">Default titles in other languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Default titles in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>French</th> <th>German</th> <th>Dutch</th> <th>Spanish</th> <th>Italian</th> <th>Swedish</th> <th>Portuguese</th> <th>Greek</th> <th>Hindi </th></tr> <tr> <td>Male</td> <td>Monsieur</td> <td>Herr</td> <td>Meneer</td> <td>Señor</td> <td>Signor</td> <td>Herr</td> <td>Senhor</td> <td>Κύριος-ε (<a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">Kyrios</a>)</td> <td>Śrīmān/Śrī </td></tr> <tr> <td>Female</td> <td>Madame</td> <td>Frau</td> <td>Mevrouw</td> <td>Señora</td> <td>Signora</td> <td>Fru</td> <td>Senhora</td> <td>Κυρία</td> <td>Śrīmatī </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unmarried female</td> <td>Mademoiselle</td> <td>Fräulein</td> <td>Juffrouw/<br />Mejuffrouw</td> <td>Señorita</td> <td>Signorina</td> <td>Fröken</td> <td>Senhorita</td> <td>Δεσποινίς</td> <td>Suśrī </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rajput_social_titles">Rajput social titles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rajput social titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Titles used in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> and other neighbourhood states of India in honour of <a href="/wiki/Rajputs" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajputs">Rajputs</a> (only): </p> <ul><li>Hukum – used in general to address any Rajput. Also used as suffix after following titles.</li> <li>Daata – used for highest male member of a Rajput family.</li> <li>Banna – used for Rajput boys.</li> <li>Baisa – used for Rajput girls.</li> <li>Babosa – used for eldest man of family.</li> <li>Bhabha – used for eldest woman of family.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martial_Arts">Martial Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Martial Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sensei" title="Sensei">Sensei</a> - used for martial arts instructors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sempai">Sempai</a> - used for junior karate instructors and karate instructors in training</li> <li>Karate-ka - used for karate students</li> <li>Judge - used for the judges and referees at martial arts tournaments</li> <li>Master - used for kung-fu instructors or people who have studied the art their entire life</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic">Academic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Academic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Docent" title="Docent">Docent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctorandus" title="Doctorandus">Doctorandus</a>, abbreviated as <i>drs.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_2">Religious</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Religious"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seghatoleslam" title="Seghatoleslam">Seghatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat">Bhagat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archdruid" title="Archdruid">Archdruid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granthi" title="Granthi">Granthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Hakham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji" title="Hajji">Hajji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathedar" title="Jathedar">Jathedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathedar" title="Jathedar">Jathedarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a> and the related <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma" title="Mahatma">Mahatma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">Mullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawlana">Mawlana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_(Islamic_title)" title="Mawlawi (Islamic title)">Mawlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujari" title="Pujari">Pujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverend" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverend">Reverend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaYeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh HaYeshiva">Rosh HaYeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Rishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhvi">Sadhvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirthankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirthankar">Tirthankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardapet" title="Vardapet">Vardapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_titles">Honorary titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Honorary titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma" title="Mahatma">Mahatma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oknha" title="Oknha">Oknha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit" title="Pandit">Pandit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_(religion)" title="Sant (religion)">Sant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami" title="Swami">Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustad" title="Ustad">Ustad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rulers">Rulers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and noble ranks">Royal and noble ranks</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a>)</li> <li>"Dear Leader" and "Supreme Leader" referred to <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a> as chief of North Korea. The title now refers to his son and successor <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>. (친애하는 지도자, ch'inaehanŭn jidoja)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_(administrative_title)" title="Elder (administrative title)">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a>/Emira – Arabic Prince/Princess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eze" title="Eze">Eze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">Maharajah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajah">Rajah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_(title)" title="Rai (title)">Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babu_(title)" title="Babu (title)">Babu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_styles_and_titles" title="Malay styles and titles">Dato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwami" title="Mwami">Mwami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oba_(ruler)" title="Oba (ruler)">Oba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_(ruler)" title="Obi (ruler)">Obi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sultana_(title)" title="Sultana (title)">Sultana (title)</a> – Arabic for "powerful ruler"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">Chief</a> – origin of Chief of Staff, Chieftain, <a href="/wiki/Clan_Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan Chief">Clan Chief</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hereditary_Chief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hereditary Chief (page does not exist)">Hereditary Chief</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">War Chief</a>. The present head of <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> is titled a <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Chief">Paramount Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">Vizier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">Stadtholder</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_titles_for_heads_of_state">Historical titles for heads of state</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Historical titles for heads of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Appointed">Appointed</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Appointed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a> (an honorific family name passed through Roman emperors by adoption)</li> <li>Legate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">Satrap</a></li> <li>Tetrarch</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Elected_or_popularly_declared">Elected or popularly declared</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Elected or popularly declared"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Archon</li> <li>Augustus (title)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">Caudillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">Consul</a></li> <li>Decemvir</li> <li>Doge</li> <li>Duce</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_dictator" title="Roman dictator">Roman dictator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvir" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumvir">Triumvir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hereditary">Hereditary</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Hereditary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">Basileus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King-Emperor" title="King-Emperor">King-Emperor</a> (the feminine equivalent is Queen-Empress)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">Maharajah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajah">Rajah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_(title)" title="Rai (title)">Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Mikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_(noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza (noble)">Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negus" title="Negus">Negus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patil_(title)" title="Patil (title)">Patil</a></li> <li>Pharaoh</li> <li>Regina (the masculine form is Rex)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saopha" class="mw-redirect" title="Saopha">Saopha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapa_Inca" title="Sapa Inca">Sapa Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li></ul> <p>When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash. </p> <ul><li>Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almami" title="Almami">Almamy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fulani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani">Fulani</a> people of west Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Asante" title="List of rulers of Asante">Asantehene</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti people">Ashanti</a>, title of the King of the <a href="/wiki/Ashanti_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti people">Ashanti</a> People in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Eze</a> – <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda" title="Kabaka of Buganda">Kabaka</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baganda" title="Baganda">Baganda</a> people of Buganda in Uganda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwami" title="Mwami">Mwami</a> – Kings of <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negus" title="Negus">Negus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oba_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oba (king)">Oba</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omukama" title="Omukama">Omukama</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a>, title of some Emperors/kings in Uganda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> – ancient Egypt</li></ul></li> <li>Asia <ul><li>Arasan/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arasi (page does not exist)">Arasi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> (India), <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li>Arqa/Thagavor – <a href="/wiki/King_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Armenia">King of Armenia</a></li> <li>Bayin – The title given to the king of pre colonial <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">Maharajah</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Rajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajah">Rajah</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Rai_(title)" title="Rai (title)">Rai</a>/ Chakarwarti Raja – <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chogyal" title="Chogyal">Chogyal</a> — "Divine Ruler" — ruled Sikkim until 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datu" title="Datu">Datu</a> – pre-colonial Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk Gyalpo">Druk Gyalpo</a> — hereditary title given to the king of <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engku_or_Ungku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engku or Ungku (page does not exist)">Engku or Ungku</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hari" title="Hari">Hari</a> – Filipino title for king</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Huángdì</a> – Imperial China (Emperor) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Korean monarchs">Hwangje</a> – Self-styled Korean "emperor"; states that unified Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vietnamese monarchs">Hoang De</a> – Self-styled Vietnamese "emperor"; unified Vietnam</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">Maha raja</a>/feminine form is Maharani – Emperor, Empress <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meurah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meurah (page does not exist)">Meurah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> before Islam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_(noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza (noble)">Mirza</a>, Persian/Iranian, Indian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beg_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beg (title)">Beg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Begzada" title="Begzada">Begzada</a> or Begzadi, son-daughter of <i>Beg</i>), <a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a> in Under <i>Mirza</i> & using King or Military title.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patil_(title)" title="Patil (title)">Patil</a> – meaning "head" or "chief" is an Indian title. The Patil is in effect the ruler of this territory as he was entitled to the revenues collected therefrom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Phrabat Somdej Phrachaoyuhua</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Thailand">King of Thailand</a> (Siam), the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title does not refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racha" title="Racha">Racha</a> – Thailand, same meaning as Raja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> – pre-colonial Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a>/Rani – Nepal King</li> <li>Rani – Nepali Queen</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patabendige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patabendige (page does not exist)">Patabenda</a> – Sub- king <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdech Preah Bâromneath</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Cambodia">King of Cambodia</a> <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>, the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (referring not directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to tradition)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Qaghan</a> – Central Asian Tribes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saopha" class="mw-redirect" title="Saopha">Saopha</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a>, today as a part of <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahinshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahinshah">Shahinshah</a> or <a href="/wiki/Padshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Padshah">Padshah</a> or Badshah- <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> "King of Kings" or Persian rulers in <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a>(<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a> – Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> – Arabic traditional regional leader, principalities of (<a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sultana_(title)" title="Sultana (title)">Sultana</a> – Arabic King (present <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rulers_of_Surakarta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rulers of Surakarta (page does not exist)">Susuhanan</a> – the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyed" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyed">Seyed</a> – <a href="/wiki/Islamic_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic World">Islamic World</a>, descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Tennō or Mikado</a> – Japan <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a></i> – Japanese <a href="/wiki/Military_dictator" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictator">military dictator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumeramikoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumeramikoto">Sumeramikoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okimi" title="Okimi">Okimi</a> – Japan, king</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengku" class="mw-redirect" title="Tengku">Tengku</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor), Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Deli Sultanate of Indonesia is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veyndhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veyndhan (page does not exist)">Veyndhan</a>, ko/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arasi (page does not exist)">Arasi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>(India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nobility#Emperor" title="Chinese nobility">Wang</a> (King) – pre-Imperial China. In <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, "king" is the usual translation for the term <i>wang</i>, 王. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Korean monarchs">Wang</a> – States of Korea that did not have control over the entire peninsula.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vietnamese monarchs">Vuong</a> – States in Vietnam that did not control the entire realm.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> – Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state</li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autocrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocrator">Autocrator</a> – Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">Basileus</a> – Greek ruler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despot</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> court title, also granted in the states under Byzantine influence, such as the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domn" class="mw-redirect" title="Domn">Domn</a> (in Romanian)/Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) – Medieval Romania (<a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fejedelem" class="mw-redirect" title="Fejedelem">Fejedelem</a> – Ancient/Medieval Hungarian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_king" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic king">Germanic king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fb%C3%BCrger" class="mw-redirect" title="Großbürger">Großbürger</a>/Großbürgerin (English: Grand Burgher) – historical German title acquired or inherited by persons and family descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Ruling_class" title="Ruling class">ruling class</a> in autonomous German-speaking cities and towns of Central Europe, origin under the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, ceased after 1919 along with all titles of German nobility.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a>/Kaiserin – Imperial rulers of Germany and of Austria-Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kniaz%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Kniaz'">Kniaz'</a>/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as "prince") – Kievan Rus'/Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunigaikshtis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunigaikshtis">Kunigaikshtis</a> (Kunigaikštis) – <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">duke</a> as in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AD" title="Rí">Rí</a>, Rí túaithe, Ruiri, Rí ruireach, and <a href="/wiki/Ard_R%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Ard Rí">Ard Rí</a> – King, local king, regional overking, (provincial) king of overkings, and <a href="/wiki/High_King" class="mw-redirect" title="High King">High King</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> Ireland, also Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a>/Tsarina – the ruler of Imperial Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a>/Tsaritsa – Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia</li> <li>Vezér – Ancient Hungarian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Vojvoda</a> (Serbian)/<a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Vajda</a> (Hungarian) – Serbian/Hungarian/<a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romany</a> title</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupan" title="Župan">Župan</a>, sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) – Serbia, Croatia</li></ul></li> <li>Oceania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">Chieftain</a> – Leader of a tribe or clan.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27eiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'eiki (page does not exist)">houʻeiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fa%27amatai" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa'amatai">matai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali'i">aliʻi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C5%ABlafale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tūlafale (page does not exist)">tūlafale</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tavana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tavana (page does not exist)">tavana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariki" title="Ariki">ariki</a> – usually translated as "chief" in various Polynesian countries.</li> <li>"Mo'i" – normally translated as King, used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold that title was Queen Lili'uokalani.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i>Tuʻi</i> or <i>tui</i> – there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aristocratic">Aristocratic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Aristocratic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and noble ranks">Royal and noble ranks</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_2">Historical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Russian:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyak_(clerk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyak (clerk)">Dyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">Knyaz</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prince">Veliky Knyaz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namestnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Namestnik">Namestnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolnichy" title="Okolnichy">Okolnichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posadnik" title="Posadnik">Posadnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voyevoda</a></li></ul> <p><b>German:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burggraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Burggraf">Burggraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freigraf" title="Freigraf">Freigraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markgraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Markgraf">Markgraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfalzgraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfalzgraf">Pfalzgraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgraf">Reichsgraf</a></li></ul> <p><b>Spanish:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(Spanish_nobility)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidalgo (Spanish nobility)">Hidalgo</a></li></ul> <p><b>Others:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_(honorific)" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta (honorific)">Augusta</a> (Feminine equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitwoded" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitwoded">Bitwoded</a> (translates as Beloved)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">Comes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">Concubine</a> (The Chinese imperial system, for instance, had a vastly complex hierarchy of titled concubines and wives to the emperor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejazmach" class="mw-redirect" title="Dejazmach">Dejazmach</a> (translates as Commander of the Gate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitawrari" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitawrari">Fitawrari</a> (translates as Leader of the Vanguard)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentleman</a> (used as a title in such forms as <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_at_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman at Arms">Gentleman at Arms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_of_the_Bedchamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman of the Bedchamber">Gentleman of the Bedchamber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_Usher" title="Gentleman Usher">Gentleman Usher</a>. The feminine equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Gentlewoman" title="Gentlewoman">Gentlewoman</a>, or, in some circumstances, <a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">Lady</a>.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerazmach" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerazmach">Gerazmach</a> (translates as Commander of the Left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyazmach" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyazmach">Kenyazmach</a> (translates as Commander of the Right)</li> <li>Ras (translates as Head)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib" title="Sahib">Sahib</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_2">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">Commissioner</a> (from which come <a href="/wiki/First_Church_Estates_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="First Church Estates Commissioner">First Church Estates Commissioner</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner">High Commissioner</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller" title="Comptroller">Comptroller</a> (from which <a href="/wiki/Comptroller" title="Comptroller">Comptroller General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Household" title="Comptroller of the Household">Comptroller of the Household</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">Courtier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyen" title="Doyen">Doyen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edohen (page does not exist)">Edohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekegbian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekegbian (page does not exist)">Ekegbian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elerunwon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elerunwon (page does not exist)">Elerunwon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forester" title="Forester">Forester</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_Forester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master Forester (page does not exist)">Master Forester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_head" title="Village head">Headman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendant</a> (and the related Superintendent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamido" title="Lamido">Lamido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcher_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcher Lord">Marcher</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lady_Marcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lady Marcher (page does not exist)">Lady Marcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarch">Matriarch</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a>, Lord Prior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuivant" title="Pursuivant">Pursuivant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangatira" title="Rangatira">Rangatira</a></li> <li>Ranger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registrar_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Registrar General">Registrar</a> (in a variant spelling in the title <a href="/wiki/Lord_Clerk_Register" title="Lord Clerk Register">Lord Clerk Register</a>)</li> <li>Seigneur (from which come <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a> and the French common polite term <a href="/wiki/Monsieur" title="Monsieur">Monsieur</a>, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Mr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr">Mister</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li>Shehu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">Sheriff</a> (from which comes <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sheriff">High Sheriff</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaltern_(military)" title="Subaltern (military)">Subaltern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysselmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Sysselmann">Sysselmann</a></li> <li>Timi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">Treasurer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_Treasurer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master Treasurer (page does not exist)">Master Treasurer</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretary_Treasurer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretary Treasurer (page does not exist)">Secretary Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verderer" title="Verderer">Verderer</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Warden" class="extiw" title="wikt:Warden">Warden</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hereditary_Warden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hereditary Warden (page does not exist)">Hereditary Warden</a>, Lord Warden</li> <li>Woodman</li> <li>Bearer, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hereditary_Banner_Bearer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hereditary Banner Bearer (page does not exist)">Hereditary Banner Bearer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Bearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Bearer">Standard Bearer</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Swordbearer_(ceremonial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swordbearer (ceremonial)">Swordbearer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apprentice" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprentice">Apprentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journeyman" title="Journeyman">Journeyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adept" title="Adept">Adept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhoond" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhoond">Akhoond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin" title="List of English words of Niger-Congo origin">Bwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodman_(title)" title="Goodman (title)">Goodman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goodwife" title="Goodwife">Goodwife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bard" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Bard">Grand Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">Mullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri">Sri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_(honorific)" title="Baba (honorific)">Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effendi" title="Effendi">Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giani" class="mw-redirect" title="Giani">Giani</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gyani" title="Gyani">Gyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha" title="Siddha">Siddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_3">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuna" title="Abuna">Abuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedile" title="Aedile">Aedile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali'i">Ali'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqabe_sa%27at" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqabe sa'at">Aqabe sa'at</a> (translates as Guardian of the Church Hours)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balambaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Balambaras">Balambaras</a> (translates as Fortress Commander)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_(title)" title="Ban (title)">Bán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">Castellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellarer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellarer">Cellarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censor_(ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Censor (ancient Rome)">Censor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circuitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circuitor (page does not exist)">Circuitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissar" title="Commissar">Commissar</a>, often as <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Commissar" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Commissar">People's Commissar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Conquistador</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">Daimyō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey" title="Dey">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">Dux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></li> <li>Guardian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichege" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichege">Ichege</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infirmerer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infirmerer (page does not exist)">Infirmerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisitor" title="Inquisitor">Inquisitor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Inquisitor" title="Grand Inquisitor">Grand Inquisitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemadar" title="Jemadar">Jemadar</a></li> <li>Kitchener</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">Mage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Militum" class="mw-redirect" title="Magister Militum">Magister Militum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majordomo" title="Majordomo">Majordomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maid_(title)" title="Maid (title)">Maid</a> – Archaic title denoting an unmarried woman, such as the character <a href="/wiki/Maid_Marian" title="Maid Marian">Maid Marian</a>. Should not be confused with the general term for a young <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">domestic worker housemaid girl</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Margrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Naib</a></li> <li>Officium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine" title="Palatine">Palatine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary" title="Palatine of Hungary">Hungary</a> (nádor), etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiff" title="Pontiff">Pontiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pontifex_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifex Maximus">Pontifex Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor">Praetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebendary" title="Prebendary">Prebendary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor" title="Quaestor">Quaestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrist">Sacrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">Samurai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">Stadtholder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steward_(office)" title="Steward (office)">Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakur_(title)" title="Thakur (title)">Thakore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voivode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> (the feminine equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Vicereine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicereine">Vicereine</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-nominal_letters">Post-nominal letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Post-nominal letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of legislatures often have <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal letters</a> expressing this: </p> <ul><li>Member of <a href="/wiki/Congress" title="Congress">Congress</a> <b>MC</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> <b>MP</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> <b>MEP</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a> <b>MSP</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Youth_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Scottish Youth Parliament">Member of the Scottish Youth Parliament</a> <b>MSYP</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Youth_Parliament" title="Member of Youth Parliament">Member of the Youth Parliament</a> <b>MYP</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)">Member of Provincial Parliament</a> <b>MPP</b></li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly#Other" title="National Assembly">National Assembly</a> <b>MNA</b></li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys" title="House of Keys">House of Keys</a> <b>MHK</b> <ul><li>Speaker of the House of Keys <b>SHK</b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Legislative Council">Member of the Legislative Council</a> <b>MLC</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">Member of the Legislative Assembly</a> <b>MLA</b></li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives" title="House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <b>Rep.</b></li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly" title="House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a> <b>MHA</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_degrees">University degrees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: University degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Associate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associate_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate of Arts">AA</a> – Associate of Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_of_Applied_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate of Applied Science">AAS</a> – Associate of Applied Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate of Science">AS</a> – Associate of Science</li></ul></li> <li>Bachelor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> – Bachelor of Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Architecture" title="Bachelor of Architecture">BArch</a> – Bachelor of Architecture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Business_Administration" title="Bachelor of Business Administration">BBA</a> – Bachelor of Business Administration</li> <li>BSBA – Bachelor of Science of Business Administration</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachelor_of_Biotechnology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bachelor of Biotechnology (page does not exist)">BBiotech</a> – Bachelor of Biotechnology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Dental_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Dental Surgery">BDS / BChD</a> – Bachelor of Dental Surgery</li> <li>BDentTech – Bachelor of Dental Technology</li> <li>BDes – Bachelor of Design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Divinity" title="Bachelor of Divinity">BD / BDiv</a> – Bachelor of Divinity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Education" title="Bachelor of Education">BEd</a> – Bachelor of Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Engineering" title="Bachelor of Engineering">BEng</a> – Bachelor of Engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">BEnvd</a> – Bachelor of Environmental Design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts" title="Bachelor of Fine Arts">BFA</a> – Bachelor of Fine Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a> – Bachelor of Laws</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Mathematics" title="Bachelor of Mathematics">BMath</a> – Bachelor of Mathematics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">MB, ChB / MB, BS / BM, BCh / MB, BChir</a> – Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</li> <li>BMus – Bachelor of Music</li> <li>BN – Bachelor of Nursing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Philosophy" title="Bachelor of Philosophy">BPhil</a> – Bachelor of Philosophy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Sacred_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Sacred Theology">STB</a> – Bachelor of Sacred Theology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a> – Bachelor of Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Nursing" title="Bachelor of Science in Nursing">BSN</a> – Bachelor of Science in Nursing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Social_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Social Work">BSW</a> – Bachelor of Social Work</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Theology" title="Bachelor of Theology">BTh / ThB</a> – Bachelor of Theology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Veterinary_Science" title="Bachelor of Veterinary Science">BVSc</a> – Bachelor of Veterinary Science</li></ul></li> <li>Designer [Dz]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">Doctor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Arts" title="Doctor of Arts">DA</a> – Doctor of Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration" title="Doctor of Business Administration">DBA</a> – Doctor of Business Administration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Divinity" title="Doctor of Divinity">D.D.</a> – Doctor of Divinity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Education" title="Doctor of Education">Ed.D.</a> – Doctor of Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_Doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Doctorate">EngD or DEng</a> – Doctor of Engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Fine_Arts" title="Doctor of Fine Arts">DFA</a> – Doctor of Fine Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Musical_Arts" title="Doctor of Musical Arts">DMA</a> – Doctor of Musical Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Ministry" title="Doctor of Ministry">D.Min.</a> – Doctor of Ministry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Music" title="Doctor of Music">D.Mus.</a> – Doctor of Music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Professional_Studies" title="Doctor of Professional Studies">D.Prof</a> – Doctor of Professional Studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Public_Administration" title="Doctor of Public Administration">DPA</a> – Doctor of Public Administration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">D.Sc.</a> – Doctor of Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Jurisprudence">JD</a> – Doctor of Jurisprudence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LL.D." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.D.">LL.D.</a> – Doctor of Laws</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a> – Doctor of Medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">DO</a> – Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Pharmacy" title="Doctor of Pharmacy">Pharm.D.</a> – Doctor of Pharmacy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">D.Phil.</a> – Doctor of Philosophy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Psychology" title="Doctor of Psychology">PsyD</a> – Doctor of Psychology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Juridical_Science" title="Doctor of Juridical Science">SJD</a> – Doctor of Juridical Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Theology" title="Doctor of Theology">Th.D.</a> – Doctor of Theology</li> <li>Doctorates within the field of medicine: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Chiropractic" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Chiropractic">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Dental_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Dental Surgery">DDS</a> – Doctor of Dental Surgery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Dental_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Dental Medicine">DMD</a> – Doctor of Dental Medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Optometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Optometry">O.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Physical_Therapy" title="Doctor of Physical Therapy">DPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Podiatric_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Podiatric Medicine">DPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Veterinary_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Veterinary Medicine">DVM</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Master <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Architecture" title="Master of Architecture">MArch</a> – Master of Architecture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a> – Master of Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MAL</a> – Master of Liberal Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a> – Master of Business Administration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">MPA</a> – Master of Public Administration</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Public_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master of Public Service (page does not exist)">MPS</a> – Master of Public Service</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Planning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master of Planning (page does not exist)">MPl</a> – Master of Planning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_in_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Master in Chemistry">MChem</a> – Master in Chemistry</li> <li>MC – Master of Counselling</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Design" title="Master of Design">M. Des</a> – Master of Design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Divinity" title="Master of Divinity">M.Div.</a> – Master of Divinity</li> <li>MDrama – Master of Drama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Dental_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Dental Surgery">MDS</a> – Master of Dental Surgery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Education" title="Master of Education">MEd</a> – Master of Education</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Educational_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master of Educational Technology (page does not exist)">MET</a> – Master of Educational Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Engineering" title="Master of Engineering">MEng</a> – Master of Engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts" title="Master of Fine Arts">MFA</a> – Master of Fine Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Healthcare_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Healthcare Administration">MHA</a> – Master of Healthcare Administration</li> <li>MHist – Master of History</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Letters" title="Master of Letters">MLitt</a> - Master of Letters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Law">LL.M.</a> – Master of Law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Landscape_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Landscape Architecture">MLA</a> – Master of Landscape Architecture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Mathematics" title="Master of Mathematics">MMath</a> – Master of Mathematics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Philosophy" title="Master of Philosophy">MPhil</a> – Master of Philosophy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Research" title="Master of Research">MRes</a> – Master of Research</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a> – Master of Science</li> <li>MScBMC – Master of Biomedical Communications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Physics" title="Master of Physics">MPhys</a> – Master of Physics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Pharmacy" title="Master of Pharmacy">MPharm</a> – Master of Pharmacy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Public Health">MPH</a> – Master of Public Health</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Business_Analytics" title="Master of Science in Business Analytics">MSBA</a> - Master of Science in Business Analytics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Engineering" title="Master of Science in Engineering">MSE</a> – Master of Science in Engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Real_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Science in Real Estate">MSRE</a> – Master of Science in Real Estate</li> <li>MSN – Master of Science in Nursing</li> <li>MSW – Master of Social Work</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_(degree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magister (degree)">Magister</a> – Magister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Sacred_Theology" title="Master of Sacred Theology">S.T.M.</a> – Master of Sacred Theology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Theology" title="Master of Theology">MTh/Th.M.</a> – Master of Theology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Urban_and_Regional_Planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Urban and Regional Planning">MURP</a> – Master of Urban and Regional Planning</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_aristocracy_and_bureaucracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy">Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Corporate title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_aristocratic_and_religious_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian aristocratic and religious titles">Ethiopian aristocratic and religious titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False titles of nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religious_honorifics_and_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of religious honorifics and titles">Index of religious honorifics and titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List of titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">Peerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_institutions_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Political institutions of Rome">Political institutions of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and noble ranks">Royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Royal and noble styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix (name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Style (manner of address)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">Title of honor</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i><span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">furisto</i></span></i>, "the first", a translation of the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">princeps</a></i></span></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gotitlefree.org/">"GoTitleFree: Freedom from marital status titles"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GoTitleFree%3A+Freedom+from+marital+status+titles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgotitlefree.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-personal-names#fielddesign">"Personal names around the world"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personal+names+around+the+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FInternational%2Fquestions%2Fqa-personal-names%23fielddesign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://design-system.service.gov.uk/patterns/names/">"Ask users for Names"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ask+users+for+Names&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdesign-system.service.gov.uk%2Fpatterns%2Fnames%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prince of Wales is a title granted, following an investiture, to the eldest son of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom – he is not a monarch in his own right.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirsch1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kirsch, Johann Peter (October 1, 1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08407a.htm">"Popess Joan"</a>. <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Advent" title="New Advent">New Advent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508213031/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08407a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Popess+Joan&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=New+Advent&rft.date=1910-10-01&rft.aulast=Kirsch&rft.aufirst=Johann+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F08407a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809105918/http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health/Recommendations.aspx">"The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Report Recommendations"</a>. <i>Institute of Medicine</i>. November 17, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health/Recommendations.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Future+of+Nursing%3A+Leading+Change%2C+Advancing+Health+Report+Recommendations&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiom.edu%2FReports%2F2010%2FThe-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health%2FRecommendations.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009084344/http://ieeeusa.org/policy/positions/Engineertitle0213.pdf">"The Use of the Title "Engineer"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IEEE-USA. 15 Feb 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieeeusa.org/policy/positions/Engineertitle0213.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Use+of+the+Title+%22Engineer%22&rft.pub=IEEE-USA&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fieeeusa.org%2Fpolicy%2Fpositions%2FEngineertitle0213.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guide_de_pratique_professionnelle-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guide_de_pratique_professionnelle_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gpp.oiq.qc.ca/Start.htm#t=titres_professionnels.htm">"Titres professionnels"</a>. <i>Guide de pratique professionnelle</i> (in French). Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guide+de+pratique+professionnelle&rft.atitle=Titres+professionnels&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgpp.oiq.qc.ca%2FStart.htm%23t%3Dtitres_professionnels.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/State/Legislative-Agenda-Reports/State-TitleNurse/Title-Nurse-Summary-Language.html">"Title "Nurse" Protection: Summary of Language by State"</a>. <i>American Nurses Association</i>. July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226172053/http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/State/Legislative-Agenda-Reports/State-TitleNurse/Title-Nurse-Summary-Language.html">Archived</a> from the original on Feb 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Nurses+Association&rft.atitle=Title+%22Nurse%22+Protection%3A+Summary+of+Language+by+State&rft.date=2021-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nursingworld.org%2FMainMenuCategories%2FPolicy-Advocacy%2FState%2FLegislative-Agenda-Reports%2FState-TitleNurse%2FTitle-Nurse-Summary-Language.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>African Kings</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Lain%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Lainé (page does not exist)">Daniel Lainé</a></li> <li><i>Keepers of the Kingdom</i> by <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Bruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Alastair Bruce">Alastair Bruce</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Calder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Calder (page does not exist)">Julian Calder</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Cator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Cator (page does not exist)">Mark Cator</a></li> <li><i>Master and Commander</i>, film directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Title&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Titles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Titles">Titles</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/title" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:title"><i>title</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alison_Phillips" title="Walter Alison Phillips">Phillips, Walter Alison</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Titles of Honour"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Titles_of_Honour">"Titles of Honour" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1027–1030.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Titles+of+Honour&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=1027-1030&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Walter+Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Personal_names" title="Template:Personal names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Personal_names" title="Template talk:Personal names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">Personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English_social_honorific_titles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_titles" title="Template:Social titles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_titles" title="Template talk:Social titles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_titles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social titles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_social_honorific_titles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_honorifics" title="English honorifics">English social honorific</a> titles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feminine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodwife" title="Goodwife">Goodwife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs." title="Mrs.">Mrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss" title="Miss">Miss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ms." title="Ms.">Ms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistress_(form_of_address)" title="Mistress (form of address)">Mistress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam" title="Madam">Madam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady" title="Lady">Lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masculine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodman_(title)" title="Goodman 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