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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American educational publisher</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">O'Reilly Media, Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Reilly_Logo_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/O%27Reilly_Logo_%282019%29.svg/220px-O%27Reilly_Logo_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/O%27Reilly_Logo_%282019%29.svg/330px-O%27Reilly_Logo_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/O%27Reilly_Logo_%282019%29.svg/440px-O%27Reilly_Logo_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1978<span class="noprint">; 46 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1978</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_O%27Reilly" title="Tim O'Reilly">Tim O'Reilly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Sebastopol,_California" title="Sebastopol, California">Sebastopol, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distribution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ingram_Publisher_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingram Publisher Services">Ingram Publisher Services</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication types</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">videos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oreilly.com/">www<wbr />.oreilly<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>O'Reilly Media, Inc.</b> (formerly <b>O'Reilly & Associates</b>) is an American learning company established by <a href="/wiki/Tim_O%27Reilly" title="Tim O'Reilly">Tim O'Reilly</a> that provides technical and professional skills development courses via an <a href="/wiki/Educational_technology" title="Educational technology">online learning</a> platform. O'Reilly also <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishes</a> books about programming and other technical content. Its distinctive brand features a <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> of an animal on many of its book covers. The company was known as a popular tech conference organizer for more than 20 years before closing the live conferences arm of its business.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company">Company</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_days">Early days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ACM_OReilly-Rainbow-large-flash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ACM_OReilly-Rainbow-large-flash.jpg/200px-ACM_OReilly-Rainbow-large-flash.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ACM_OReilly-Rainbow-large-flash.jpg/300px-ACM_OReilly-Rainbow-large-flash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ACM_OReilly-Rainbow-large-flash.jpg/400px-ACM_OReilly-Rainbow-large-flash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="1782" /></a><figcaption>O'Reilly Media is best known for its color-coded "Animal Books"</figcaption></figure> <p>The company began in 1978 as a private consulting firm doing <a href="/wiki/Technical_writing" title="Technical writing">technical writing</a>, based in the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, Massachusetts area. In 1984, it began to retain publishing rights on manuals created for <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> vendors. A few 70-page "Nutshell Handbooks" were well-received, but the focus remained on the consulting business until 1988. After a conference displaying O'Reilly's preliminary <a href="/wiki/Xlib" title="Xlib">Xlib</a> manuals attracted significant attention, the company began increasing production of manuals and books. The original cover art consisted of animal designs developed by Edie Freedman because she thought that Unix program names sounded like "weird animals".<sup id="cite_ref-trend_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trend-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Network_Navigator">Global Network Navigator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Global Network Navigator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993 O'Reilly Media created the first <a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">web portal</a>, when they launched one of the first Web-based resources, <a href="/wiki/Global_Network_Navigator" title="Global Network Navigator">Global Network Navigator</a> (GNN).<sup id="cite_ref-trend_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trend-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GNN was sold to <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> in 1995, in one of the first large transactions of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>. GNN was the first site on the World Wide Web to feature paid advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conferences">Conferences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1997 to 2020, O'Reilly was known for producing tech conferences focused on areas ranging from software architecture, AI, <a href="/wiki/Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a>, web development, design and more. </p><p>In March 2020, O'Reilly announced they would be closing the live conferences arm of their business.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although O'Reilly Media got its start in publishing, roughly two decades after its genesis the company expanded into event production. In 1997, O'Reilly launched The Perl Conference to cross-promote its books on the <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> programming language. Many of the company's other software bestsellers were also on topics that did not attract much attention of the commercial software industry. In 1998, O'Reilly invited many of the leaders of software projects to a meeting. Originally called the <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> summit, the meeting became known as the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Summit" title="Open Source Summit">Open Source Summit</a>. The <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Open_Source_Convention" title="O'Reilly Open Source Convention">O'Reilly Open Source Convention</a> (which includes the Perl conference) was one of O'Reilly's flagship events. Other key events include the Strata Conference on big data, the Velocity Conference on Web Performance and Operations, and <a href="/wiki/FOO_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="FOO Camp">FOO Camp</a>. Past events of note include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Emerging_Technology_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference (page does not exist)">O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Web_2.0_Summit" title="Web 2.0 Summit">Web 2.0 Summit</a>. Overall, O'Reilly describes its business not as publishing or conferences, but as "changing the world by spreading the knowledge of innovators."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Discontinued_conferences">Discontinued conferences</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Discontinued conferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Strata Data Conference</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Open_Source_Convention" title="O'Reilly Open Source Convention">OSCON (O'Reilly Open Source Convention)</a></li> <li>Velocity Conference</li> <li>Artificial Intelligence Conference</li> <li>TensorFlow World</li> <li>The O'Reilly Software Architecture Conference</li> <li>O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference (2001 as O'Reilly P2P Conference;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2002–2009)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fluent</li> <li>Tools of Change (TOC) Conference (2007–2013)<sup id="cite_ref-O'Reilly_Media_2013-05-02_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Reilly_Media_2013-05-02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Next:Economy Summit</li> <li>The Next:Money Summit</li> <li>The Solid Conference</li> <li>The O'Reilly Design Conference</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0_Summit" title="Web 2.0 Summit">Web 2.0 Summit</a> (co-produced with <a href="/wiki/TechWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="TechWeb">TechWeb</a>)</li> <li>Web 2.0 Expo (co-produced with TechWeb)</li> <li>MySQL Conference and Expo (co-presented by <a href="/wiki/MySQL_AB" title="MySQL AB">MySQL AB</a> until 2008, then by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> in 2009, and by <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a> since 2010)</li> <li>RailsConf (co-presented by <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Central" title="Ruby Central">Ruby Central</a>)</li> <li>Where 2.0</li> <li>Money:Tech</li> <li>Gov 2.0 Expo and Gov 2.0 Summit (co-produced with TechWeb)</li> <li>O'Reilly school of technology (discontinued as of January 6, 2016)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O'Reilly_Network"><span id="O.27Reilly_Network"></span>O'Reilly Network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: O'Reilly Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1990s, O'Reilly founded the O'Reilly Network, which grew to include sites such as: </p> <ul><li>LinuxDevCenter.com</li> <li>MacDevCenter.com</li> <li>WindowsDevCenter.com</li> <li>ONLamp.com</li> <li>O'Reilly Radar</li></ul> <p>In 2008 the company revised its online model and stopped publishing on several of its sites (including Codezoo and O'Reilly Connection).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also produced dev2dev (a WebLogic-oriented site) in association with <a href="/wiki/BEA_Systems" title="BEA Systems">BEA</a> and java.net (an open-source community for Java programmers) in association with Sun Microsystems and <a href="/wiki/CollabNet" title="CollabNet">CollabNet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O'Reilly_Online_Learning_(formerly_Safari_Books_Online)"><span id="O.27Reilly_Online_Learning_.28formerly_Safari_Books_Online.29"></span>O'Reilly Online Learning (formerly Safari Books Online)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: O'Reilly Online Learning (formerly Safari Books Online)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, O'Reilly launched Safari Books Online, a subscription-based service providing access to <a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">ebooks</a> and videos as a joint venture with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Technology_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson Technology Group (page does not exist)">Pearson Technology Group</a>. The platform includes content from O'Reilly and over 200 publishers including <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Press">Adobe Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Books" title="Alpha Books">Alpha Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Press" title="Cisco Press">Cisco Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/FT_Press" title="FT Press">FT Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Riders_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="New Riders Publishing">New Riders Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packt" title="Packt">Packt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peachpit_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Peachpit Press">Peachpit Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall_PTR" class="mw-redirect" title="Prentice Hall PTR">Prentice Hall PTR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Que_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Que Publishing">Que</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sams_Publishing" title="Sams Publishing">Sams Publishing</a>. </p><p>In 2014, O'Reilly Media acquired Pearson's stake, making Safari Books Online a wholly owned subsidiary of O'Reilly Media.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Reilly did a redesign of the site and had success in expanding beyond Safari's core B2C market into the B2B Enterprise market. </p><p>In 2017, O'Reilly Media announced they were no longer selling books online, including ebooks. Instead, everyone was encouraged to sign up for Safari or purchase books through online retailers such as Amazon.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, O'Reilly Media rebranded Safari to what is now O'Reilly online learning. The platform includes books, videos, live online training, O'Reilly conference videos, and more. In 2019, O'Reilly acquired Katacoda so users can experiment with code in the website itself.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_2.0_phrase">Web 2.0 phrase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Web 2.0 phrase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, after the <a href="/wiki/Dot_com_bust" class="mw-redirect" title="Dot com bust">dot com bust</a>, O'Reilly's corporate goal was to reignite enthusiasm in the computer industry. To do this, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Dougherty" title="Dale Dougherty">Dale Dougherty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_O%27Reilly" title="Tim O'Reilly">Tim O'Reilly</a> decided to use the term "<a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a>" coined in January 1999 by <a href="/wiki/Darcy_DiNucci" title="Darcy DiNucci">Darcy DiNucci</a>. The term was used for the Web 2.0 Summit run by O'Reilly Media and TechWeb (formerly CMP Media). CMP registered Web 2.0 as a Service Mark "for arranging and conducting live events, namely trade shows, expositions, business conferences and educational conferences in various fields of computers and information technology." Web 2.0 framed what distinguished the companies that survived the dot com bust from those that died, and identified key drivers of future success, including what is now called <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, big data, and new approaches to iterative, data-driven software development. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Reilly_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/95/O%27Reilly_logo.png" decoding="async" width="154" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="141" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tarsier" title="Tarsier">tarsier</a> featured on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Learning_the_vi_Editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Learning the vi Editor">Learning the vi Editor</a></i> has been incorporated into the O'Reilly logo.</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 2006 CMP Media learned of an impending event called the "Web 2.0 Half day conference". Concerned over their obligation to take reasonable means to enforce their trade and service marks, CMP sent a <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">cease and desist</a> letter to the non-profit Irish organizers of the event. This attempt to restrict through legal mechanisms the use of the term was criticized by some. The legal issue was resolved by O'Reilly's apologizing for the early and aggressive involvement of attorneys, rather than simply calling the organizers, and allowing them to use the service mark for this single event.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Make:_and_Craft:"><i>Make:</i> and <i>Craft:</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Make: and Craft:"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2005 the company launched <i><a href="/wiki/Make_(magazine)" title="Make (magazine)">Make:</a></i> magazine and in 2006 it launched <a href="/wiki/Maker_Faire" title="Maker Faire">Maker Faire</a>. The flagship Maker Faire in <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo, CA</a>, drew over 130,000 attendees. Other Faires around the world collectively draw millions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, O'Reilly Media spun out the Make properties into a separate venture-backed company, Maker Media, headed up by former O'Reilly executive and Make founder Dale Dougherty.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fall of 2006, O'Reilly added a second magazine, <i><a href="/wiki/Craft_(American_magazine)" title="Craft (American magazine)">Craft:</a></i>, with the tagline "Transforming Traditional Crafts." <i>Craft:</i> folded in 2009. </p><p>In the summer of 2019, Maker Media laid off its entire staff and ceased operations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–Tim_O'Reilly_era"><span id="Post.E2.80.93Tim_O.27Reilly_era"></span>Post–Tim O'Reilly era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post–Tim O'Reilly era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, Tim O'Reilly stepped down from his day-to-day duties as O'Reilly Media CEO to focus his energy and attention on the <a href="/wiki/Gov_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gov 2.0">Gov 2.0</a> movement. Since then, the company has been run by Laura Baldwin. Baldwin comes from a finance and consulting background. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infinite_Skills_acquisition">Infinite Skills acquisition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Infinite Skills acquisition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014 O'Reilly acquired Infinite Skills, a Canadian publisher of online and DVD video courses.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Reilly uses <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>' <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1790" title="Copyright Act of 1790">Founders Copyright</a>, which grants the company exclusive use of content produced by the authors who sign with them for 28 years. Although it is shorter than the current default duration of the monopoly in <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright law">copyright law</a>, it is still quite restrictive compared with other, widely used, licenses offered by Creative Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:O%27Reilly_Media_books" title="Category:O'Reilly Media books">Category:O'Reilly Media books</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180907065826/https://www.ingramcontent.com/publishers/publisher-services/publisher-list">"Publishers We Work With - Book Distribution | Ingram Content Group"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ingramcontent.com/publishers/publisher-services/publisher-list">the original</a> on September 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publishers+We+Work+With+-+Book+Distribution+%7C+Ingram+Content+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingramcontent.com%2Fpublishers%2Fpublisher-services%2Fpublisher-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AO%27Reilly+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaer_(dbInsight)" class="citation web cs1">Baer (dbInsight), Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/oreilly-closes-the-live-conference-business/">"O'Reilly closes the live conference business"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200326084445/https://www.zdnet.com/article/oreilly-closes-the-live-conference-business/">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=O%27Reilly+closes+the+live+conference+business&rft.aulast=Baer+%28dbInsight%29&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Foreilly-closes-the-live-conference-business%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AO%27Reilly+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trend-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trend_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trend_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Levy, Steven (October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2005/10/oreilly/">"The Trend Spotter"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. Condé Nast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201429/https://www.wired.com/2005/10/oreilly/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+Trend+Spotter&rft.date=2005-10&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2005%2F10%2Foreilly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AO%27Reilly+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2010" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Michael (October 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D-D6xmy5PU8C&dq=Global+Network+Navigator+paid+advertising&pg=PT374"><i>The Ultimate Web Marketing Guide</i></a>. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-211685-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-211685-5"><bdi>978-0-13-211685-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Web+Marketing+Guide&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.isbn=978-0-13-211685-5&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD-D6xmy5PU8C%26dq%3DGlobal%2BNetwork%2BNavigator%2Bpaid%2Badvertising%26pg%3DPT374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AO%27Reilly+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oreilly.com/25anniversary/letter.html">"Reflections on our First 25 Years"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ending+the+TOC+Conference%2C+But+Still+Pushing+Tools+of+Change+for+Publishing&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoc.oreilly.com%2F2013%2F05%2Fnews-tools-of-change-for-publishing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AO%27Reilly+Media" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oreilly.com/cc.csp">"Codezoo and Connection landing page"</a>. Oreilly.com. 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