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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th–19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>18th–19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th–19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th–21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th–21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>20th–21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th–21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tropical cyclones and storm surges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Environmental preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earthquakes_and_tsunamis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquakes_and_tsunamis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Earthquakes and tsunamis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquakes_and_tsunamis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Major urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geopolitics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geopolitics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Geopolitics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geopolitics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols_and_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols_and_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Symbols and flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols_and_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Light industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Traditional dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Festivities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drinking_water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drinking_water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Drinking water supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drinking_water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_and_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_and_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Police and crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_and_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guadeloupe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 142 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">142 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%93%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%89%E1%8D%95" title="ጓድሉፕ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጓድሉፕ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadel%C5%ABp" title="Guadelūp – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Guadelūp" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8" title="غوادلوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوادلوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_(Francia)" title="Guadalupe (Francia) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guadalupe (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goadeloupe" title="Goadeloupe – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Goadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_(Francia)" title="Guadalupe (Francia) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guadalupe (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qvadelupa" title="Qvadelupa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qvadelupa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE" title="قوادلوپ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوادلوپ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA" title="গুয়াদলুপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুয়াদলুপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гвадэлупа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гвадэлупа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гвадэлюпа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гвадэлюпа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadeloup" title="Gwadeloup – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwadeloup" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Guadalupe (França) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guadalupe (França)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%AF%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%AB%DE%95%DE%AA" title="ގޯޑިލޫޕު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގޯޑިލޫޕު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadelupa" title="Guadelupa – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Guadelupa" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Γουαδελούπη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουαδελούπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_(Francia)" title="Guadalupe (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guadalupe (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadelupo" title="Gvadelupo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gvadelupo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_(eskualdea)" title="Guadalupe (eskualdea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guadalupe (eskualdea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE" title="گوادلوپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوادلوپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BBadel%C3%BBp" title="Gûadelûp – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gûadelûp" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadal%C3%BAip" title="Guadalúip – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Guadalúip" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe,_Francia" title="Guadalupe, Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guadalupe, Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EB%93%A4%EB%A3%A8%ED%94%84" title="과들루프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과들루프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Գվադելուպա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գվադելուպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA" title="गुआदेलूप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुआदेलूप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadalupa" title="Gvadalupa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gvadalupa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadelupa" title="Guadelupa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Guadelupa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87" title="গুৱাডালুপে – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গুৱাডালুপে" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%C3%A6" title="Гваделупæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гваделупæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadel%C3%BApeyjar" title="Gvadelúpeyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gvadelúpeyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupa" title="Guadalupa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guadalupa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4" title="גוואדלופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוואדלופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="გვადელუპა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვადელუპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadeloup" title="Gwadeloup – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gwadeloup" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadelupe" title="Gwadelupe – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gwadelupe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadloup" title="Gwadloup – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gwadloup" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupia_(praefectura)" title="Guadalupia (praefectura) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guadalupia (praefectura)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadelupa" title="Gvadelupa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gvadelupa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departement_Guadeloupe" title="Departement Guadeloupe – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Departement Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadelupa" title="Gvadelupa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gvadelupa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadaluppa" title="Guadaluppa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Guadaluppa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadelupe" title="Gwadelupe – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gwadelupe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadelupe" title="Guadelupe – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Guadelupe" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Гваделуп – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гваделуп" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്വാദെലൂപ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്വാദെലൂപ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="ग्वादेलोप – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्वादेलोप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="გვადელუპა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გვადელუპა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8" title="جوادلوب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوادلوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂွါဒလ်ကျွန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂွါဒလ်ကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA" title="ग्वादलुप – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्वादलुप" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="グアドループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グアドループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadelupe" title="Guadelupe – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Guadelupe" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalope" title="Guadalope – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guadalope" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadelupa" title="Gvadelupa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gvadelupa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AA" title="ਗੁਆਡਲੂਪ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਆਡਲੂਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE" title="گواڈلوپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گواڈلوپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%90%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE" title="ګوادېلوپ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګوادېلوپ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadiluup" title="Guadiluup – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Guadiluup" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupa" title="Guadalupa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Guadalupa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadelupa" title="Gwadelupa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwadelupa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe" title="Guadalupe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guadalupe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadelupa" title="Guadelupa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guadelupa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wathalupi" title="Wathalupi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wathalupi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupa" title="Guadalupa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Guadalupa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupa" title="Guadalupa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Guadalupa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadelup" title="Gvadelup – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gvadelup" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%86%D9%BE" title="گوادلۆپ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوادلۆپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Гваделуп – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гваделуп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadelup" title="Guadelup – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Guadelup" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_(Pransya)" title="Guadalupe (Pransya) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guadalupe (Pransya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="குவாதலூப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாதலூப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%82%82%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၵႂႃးတီႇလုပ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵႂႃးတီႇလုပ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B" title="กัวเดอลุป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กัวเดอลุป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuatalupe" title="Kuatalupe – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kuatalupe" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гваделупа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гваделупа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE" title="گواڈیلوپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گواڈیلوپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%95" title="گۇئادەلوپە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گۇئادەلوپە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupa" title="Guadalupa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guadalupa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvadelupe%C3%A4n" title="Gvadelupeän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gvadelupeän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guwaadalup" title="Guwaadalup – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Guwaadalup" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE" title="瓜德罗普 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓜德罗普" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%99%AE" title="瓜德羅普 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瓜德羅普" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Guadeloupe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE" title="瓜德罗普 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓜德罗普" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guadeloupe&params=16_15_N_61_30_W_type:isle_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°30′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.250°N 61.500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.250; -61.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Guadeloupe&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Guadeloupe">Tourism in Guadeloupe</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overseas department of France in the Caribbean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Guadalupe (disambiguation)">Guadalupe</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overseas department and region of France and outermost region of the European Union in Basse-Terre</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Guadeloupe</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Guadeloupean Creole French-language text"><i lang="gcf">Gwadloup</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupean_Creole_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadeloupean Creole French language">Guadeloupean Creole French</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas department and region</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area#Outermost_Regions" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">outermost region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Guadeloupe"><img alt="Flag of Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/150px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/200px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guadeloupe" title="Flag of Guadeloupe">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadaloupe_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Guadeloupe"><img alt="Official seal of Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Guadaloupe_logo.svg/90px-Guadaloupe_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Guadaloupe_logo.svg/135px-Guadaloupe_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Guadaloupe_logo.svg/180px-Guadaloupe_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="304" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Guadeloupe" title="Coat of arms of Guadeloupe">Logo</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span><br />("The Marseillaise")<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg/La_Marseillaise.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe_in_France_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in the Lesser Antilles"><img alt="Location in the Lesser Antilles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Guadeloupe_in_France_2016.svg/250px-Guadeloupe_in_France_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Guadeloupe_in_France_2016.svg/375px-Guadeloupe_in_France_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Guadeloupe_in_France_2016.svg/500px-Guadeloupe_in_France_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="434" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Guadeloupe_map.png/250px-Guadeloupe_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Guadeloupe_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guadeloupe&params=16_15_N_61_30_W_type:isle_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°30′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.250°N 61.500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.250; -61.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest metropolitan area</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">French colony</th><td class="infobox-data">1648</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">English occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">1759</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Restitution to France</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">10 February 1763</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Second English occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">1782</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Second restitution to France</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">30 May 1814</a> <sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Communes of the Guadeloupe department">Communes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">32</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Guadeloupe" title="Departmental Council of Guadeloupe">President of the Departmental Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guy Losbar<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Guadeloupe" title="Regional Council of Guadeloupe">President of the Regional Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ary_Chalus" title="Ary Chalus">Ary Chalus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,628 km<sup>2</sup> (629 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">16th region</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/La_Grande_Soufriere" class="mw-redirect" title="La Grande Soufriere">La Grande Soufriere</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,467 m (4,813 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 January 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">378,561</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">230/km<sup>2</sup> (600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guadeloupean</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€9.462 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€22,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-4:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-4:00">UTC-4:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B590" class="mw-redirect" title="+590">+590</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GP" title="ISO 3166-2:GP">GP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:FR" title="ISO 3166-2:FR">FR-971</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.fr" title=".fr">.fr</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.gp" title=".gp">.gp</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Caribbean">Afro-Caribbean</a> <a href="/wiki/European_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="European ethnic groups">European</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guadeloupeans" title="Indo-Guadeloupeans">Indian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="French-based creole language">Les Saintes Creole</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Antillean_Creole" title="Antillean Creole">Antillean Creole</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guadeloupe.pref.gouv.fr/">www<wbr />.guadeloupe<wbr />.pref<wbr />.gouv<wbr />.fr</a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nic.gp/">www<wbr />.nic<wbr />.gp</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup>a</sup> Not effective until 1816.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guadeloupe</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡwad(ə)lup]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bb\/Fr-Guadeloupe.ogg\/Fr-Guadeloupe.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Guadeloupe.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Fr-Guadeloupe.ogg/Fr-Guadeloupe.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Guadeloupe.ogg" title="File:Fr-Guadeloupe.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupean_Creole_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadeloupean Creole French language">Guadeloupean Creole French</a>: <i lang="gcf">Gwadloup</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɡwadlup]</a></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department and region of France</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of six inhabited islands—<a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Basse-Terre Island">Basse-Terre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grande-Terre" title="Grande-Terre">Grande-Terre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">La Désirade</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_des_Saintes" title="Îles des Saintes">Îles des Saintes</a>—as well as many uninhabited islands and outcroppings.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is south of <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> and north of <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>. The capital city is <a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a>, on the southern west coast of Basse-Terre Island; the most populous city is <a href="/wiki/Les_Abymes" title="Les Abymes">Les Abymes</a> and the main centre of business is neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>, both on Grande-Terre Island.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a population of 395,726 in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the other overseas departments, it is an integral part of France. As a constituent territory of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> is its official currency and any European Union citizen is free to settle and work there indefinitely, but is not part of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>. It included <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a> until 2007, when they were detached from Guadeloupe following a <a href="/wiki/2003_Guadeloupean_autonomy_referendum" title="2003 Guadeloupean autonomy referendum">2003 referendum</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> visited Guadeloupe in 1493 and gave the island its name. The official language is French; <a href="/wiki/Antillean_Creole" title="Antillean Creole">Antillean Creole</a> is also spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgenguadalupe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Virgenguadalupe.jpg/170px-Virgenguadalupe.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Virgenguadalupe.jpg/255px-Virgenguadalupe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Virgenguadalupe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Our Lady of Guadalupe in the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Guadalupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe">Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe</a>, after whom the island gets its name</figcaption></figure> <p>The archipelago was called <span title="Arawakan languages collective text"><i lang="awd">Karukera</i></span> (or "The Island of Beautiful Waters") by the native <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> named the island <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Santa María de Guadalupe</i></span> in 1493 after <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe_in_Extremadura" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe in Extremadura">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a>, a shrine to the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> venerated in the Spanish town of <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe,_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Guadalupe, Cáceres">Guadalupe</a>, Extremadura.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the area became a French colony, the Spanish name was retained – though altered to <a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French orthography</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">phonology</a>. The islands are locally known as <span title="Guadeloupean Creole French-language text"><i lang="gcf">Gwada</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_era">Pre-colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petroglyphe_Plessis3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Petroglyphe_Plessis3.jpg/170px-Petroglyphe_Plessis3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Petroglyphe_Plessis3.jpg/255px-Petroglyphe_Plessis3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Petroglyphe_Plessis3.jpg/340px-Petroglyphe_Plessis3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyph</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baillif" title="Baillif">Baillif</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The islands were first populated by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples of the Americas</a>, possibly as far back as 3000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-region_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-region-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a> people are the first identifiable group, but they were later displaced <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1400</span> by <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a>-Carib peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15th–17th_centuries"><span id="15th.E2.80.9317th_centuries"></span>15th–17th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 15th–17th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christopher Columbus was the first European to see Guadeloupe, landing in November 1493 and giving it its current name.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several attempts at colonisation by the Spanish in the 16th century failed due to attacks from the native peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1626, the French, under the trader and adventurer <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Belain_d%27Esnambuc" title="Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc">Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc</a>, began to take an interest in Guadeloupe, expelling Spanish settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_%C3%8Eles_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique">Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique</a> settled in Guadeloupe in 1635, under the direction of the French colonial leaders <a href="/wiki/Charles_Li%C3%A9nard_de_L%27Olive" title="Charles Liénard de L'Olive">Charles Liénard de L'Olive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_du_Plessis_d%27Ossonville" title="Jean du Plessis d'Ossonville">Jean du Plessis d'Ossonville</a>; they formally took possession of the island for France and brought in French farmers to colonise the land. This led to the death of many indigenous people by disease and violence.<sup id="cite_ref-ait_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ait-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1640, however, the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique had gone bankrupt, and they thus sold Guadeloupe to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hou%C3%ABl_du_Petit_Pr%C3%A9" title="Charles Houël du Petit Pré">Charles Houël du Petit Pré</a> who began <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> agriculture, with the first African slaves arriving in 1650.<sup id="cite_ref-worldatlas_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldatlas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slave resistance was immediately widespread, with an open uprising in 1656 lasting several weeks and a simultaneous spate of mass desertions that lasted at least two years until the French compelled indigenous peoples to stop assisting them.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ownership of the island passed to the <a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">French West India Company</a> before it was annexed to France in 1674 under the tutelage of their Martinique colony.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Institutionalised slavery, enforced by the <a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a> from 1685, led to a booming sugar <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> economy.<sup id="cite_ref-caribya_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caribya-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th–19th_centuries"><span id="18th.E2.80.9319th_centuries"></span>18th–19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 18th–19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Guadeloupe_(1759)" title="Invasion of Guadeloupe (1759)">captured</a> and occupied the islands until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that time, <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> became a major harbour, and markets in Britain's <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">North American colonies</a> were opened to Guadeloupean sugar, which was traded for foodstuffs and timber. The economy expanded quickly, creating vast wealth for the French colonists.<sup id="cite_ref-lp_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lp-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So prosperous was Guadeloupe at the time that, under the 1763 Treaty of Paris, France forfeited its <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">Canadian colonies</a> in exchange for the return of Guadeloupe.<sup id="cite_ref-worldatlas_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldatlas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ooth_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ooth-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coffee planting began in the late 1720s,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also worked by slaves and, by 1775, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a> had become a major export product as well.<sup id="cite_ref-worldatlas_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldatlas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_naval_12_avril_1782-Dumoulin-IMG_5484.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Combat_naval_12_avril_1782-Dumoulin-IMG_5484.JPG/220px-Combat_naval_12_avril_1782-Dumoulin-IMG_5484.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Combat_naval_12_avril_1782-Dumoulin-IMG_5484.JPG/330px-Combat_naval_12_avril_1782-Dumoulin-IMG_5484.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Combat_naval_12_avril_1782-Dumoulin-IMG_5484.JPG/440px-Combat_naval_12_avril_1782-Dumoulin-IMG_5484.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4815" data-file-height="3499" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">Battle of the Saintes</a> was fought between France and Britain in 1782.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> brought chaos to Guadeloupe. Under new revolutionary law, <a href="/wiki/Free_person_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Free person of color">freedmen</a> were entitled to equal rights. Taking advantage of the chaotic political situation, Britain invaded Guadeloupe in 1794. The French responded by sending an expeditionary force led by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugues" title="Victor Hugues">Victor Hugues</a>, who retook the islands and abolished slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 1,000 French colonists were killed in the aftermath.<sup id="cite_ref-lp_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lp-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buste_de_Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Matouba.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Buste_de_Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Matouba.JPG/220px-Buste_de_Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Matouba.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Buste_de_Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Matouba.JPG/330px-Buste_de_Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Matouba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Buste_de_Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Matouba.JPG/440px-Buste_de_Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_Matouba.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Louis Delgrès, leader of the 1802 slave rebellion</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1802, the <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">French Consulate</a> government reinstated the pre-revolutionary government and slavery, prompting a <a href="/wiki/Slave_rebellion" title="Slave rebellion">slave rebellion</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Delgr%C3%A8s" title="Louis Delgrès">Louis Delgrès</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French authorities responded quickly, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matouba" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Matouba">Battle of Matouba</a> on 28 May 1802. Realising they had no chance of success, Delgrès and his followers committed mass suicide by deliberately exploding their gunpowder stores.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1810, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Guadeloupe_(1810)" title="Invasion of Guadeloupe (1810)">captured the island again</a>, handing it over to Sweden under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stockholm_(1813)" title="Treaty of Stockholm (1813)">1813 Treaty of Stockholm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">1814 Treaty of Paris</a>, Sweden ceded Guadeloupe to France, giving rise to the <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_Fund" title="Guadeloupe Fund">Guadeloupe Fund</a>. In 1815, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1815)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Vienna (1815)">Treaty of Vienna</a> acknowledged French control of Guadeloupe.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-worldatlas_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldatlas-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> was abolished in the French Empire in 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1854, <a href="/wiki/Indentured_labourer" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured labourer">indentured labourers</a> from the French colony of <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a> in India were brought in.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emancipated slaves had the vote from 1849, but French nationality and the vote were not granted to Indian citizens until 1923, when a long campaign, led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sidambarom" title="Henry Sidambarom">Henry Sidambarom</a>, finally achieved success.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th–21st_centuries"><span id="20th.E2.80.9321st_centuries"></span>20th–21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th–21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_%C3%89bou%C3%A9" title="Félix Éboué">Félix Éboué</a> became the first black governor of Guadeloupe.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Guadeloupe initially came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy government">Vichy government</a>, later joining <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a> in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946, the colony of Guadeloupe became an overseas department of France.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tensions arose in the post-war era over the social structure of Guadeloupe and its relationship with mainland France. The 'Massacre of St Valentine' occurred in 1952, when striking factory workers in <a href="/wiki/Le_Moule" title="Le Moule">Le Moule</a> were shot at by the <a href="/wiki/Compagnies_r%C3%A9publicaines_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnies républicaines de sécurité">Compagnies républicaines de sécurité</a>, resulting in four deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1967 racial tensions exploded into rioting following a racist attack on a black Guadeloupean, Raphael Balzinc,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in eight deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An independence movement grew in the 1970s, prompting France to declare Guadeloupe a French region in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Union_for_the_Liberation_of_Guadeloupe" title="People's Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe">Union populaire pour la libération de la Guadeloupe</a> (UPLG) campaigned for complete independence, and by the 1980s the situation had turned violent with the actions of groups such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Groupe_de_lib%C3%A9ration_arm%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groupe de libération armée (page does not exist)">Groupe de libération armée</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Armada" class="extiw" title="es:Grupo de Liberación Armada">es</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_de_lib%C3%A9ration_arm%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:Groupe de libération armée">fr</a>]</span> (GLA) and <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Revolutionary_Alliance" title="Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance">Alliance révolutionnaire caraïbe</a> (ARC). </p><p>Greater autonomy was granted to Guadeloupe in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through a <a href="/wiki/2003_Guadeloupean_autonomy_referendum" title="2003 Guadeloupean autonomy referendum">referendum in 2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint-Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> voted to separate from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, this being fully enacted by 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2009, labour unions and others known as the <a href="/wiki/Liyannaj_Kont_Pwofitasyon" title="Liyannaj Kont Pwofitasyon">Liyannaj Kont Pwofitasyon</a> went <a href="/wiki/2009_French_Caribbean_general_strikes" title="2009 French Caribbean general strikes">on strike</a> for more pay.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strikers were angry with low wages, the high cost of living, high levels of poverty relative to mainland France and levels of unemployment that are amongst the worst in the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation quickly escalated, exacerbated by what was seen as an ineffectual response by the French government, turning violent and prompting the deployment of extra police after a union leader (<a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bino" title="Jacques Bino">Jacques Bino</a>) was shot and killed.<sup id="cite_ref-iht19_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike lasted 44 days and had also inspired similar actions on nearby <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>. President <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> later visited the island, promising reform.<sup id="cite_ref-visit_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visit-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism suffered greatly during this time and affected the 2010 tourist season as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guadeloupe" title="Geography of Guadeloupe">Geography of Guadeloupe</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_split plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article or section <b>may need to be cleaned up or summarized</b> because it has been split from/to <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guadeloupe" title="Geography of Guadeloupe">Geography of Guadeloupe</a></i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe_NASA_61.42577W_16.17142N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guadeloupe_NASA_61.42577W_16.17142N.jpg/220px-Guadeloupe_NASA_61.42577W_16.17142N.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guadeloupe_NASA_61.42577W_16.17142N.jpg/330px-Guadeloupe_NASA_61.42577W_16.17142N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guadeloupe_NASA_61.42577W_16.17142N.jpg/440px-Guadeloupe_NASA_61.42577W_16.17142N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="978" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photo of Guadeloupe</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_Chutes_du_Carbet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Panorama_Chutes_du_Carbet.jpg/220px-Panorama_Chutes_du_Carbet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Panorama_Chutes_du_Carbet.jpg/330px-Panorama_Chutes_du_Carbet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Panorama_Chutes_du_Carbet.jpg/440px-Panorama_Chutes_du_Carbet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Lush forest on Basse-Terre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe2021OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Guadeloupe2021OSM.png/220px-Guadeloupe2021OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Guadeloupe2021OSM.png/330px-Guadeloupe2021OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Guadeloupe2021OSM.png/440px-Guadeloupe2021OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="5225" data-file-height="4567" /></a><figcaption>Detailed map of Guadeloupe</figcaption></figure> <p>Guadeloupe is an archipelago of more than 12 islands, as well as <a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">islets</a> and rocks situated where the northeastern <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> meets the western Atlantic Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> in the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>, a partly volcanic <a href="/wiki/Island_arc" title="Island arc">island arc</a>. To the north lie <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> lying to the south. </p><p>The two main islands are Basse-Terre (west) and <a href="/wiki/Grande-Terre" title="Grande-Terre">Grande-Terre</a> (east), which form a butterfly shape as viewed from above, the two 'wings' of which are separated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Cul-de-Sac_Marin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin (page does not exist)">Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Cul-de-Sac_Marin" class="extiw" title="ceb:Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin">ceb</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Cul-de-sac_marin" class="extiw" title="fr:Grand Cul-de-sac marin">fr</a>; <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Cul-de-Sac_Marin" class="extiw" title="nl:Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin">nl</a>; <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Cul-de-Sac_Marin" class="extiw" title="sv:Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin">sv</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rivi%C3%A8re_Sal%C3%A9e_(Guadeloupe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rivière Salée (Guadeloupe) (page does not exist)">Rivière Salée</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_Sal%C3%A9e_(Guadeloupe)" class="extiw" title="fr:Rivière Salée (Guadeloupe)">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petit_Cul-de-Sac_Marin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin (page does not exist)">Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petit_Cul-de-Sac_Marin" class="extiw" title="ceb:Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin">ceb</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petit_Cul-de-sac_marin" class="extiw" title="fr:Petit Cul-de-sac marin">fr</a>]</span>. More than half of Guadeloupe's land surface consists of the 847.8 km<sup>2</sup> Basse-Terre.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is mountainous, containing such peaks as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Sans_Toucher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Sans Toucher (page does not exist)">Mount Sans Toucher</a> (4,442 feet; 1,354 metres) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_D%C3%A9couverte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande Découverte (page does not exist)">Grande Découverte</a> (4,143 feet; 1,263 metres), culminating in the active volcano <a href="/wiki/La_Grande_Soufri%C3%A8re" title="La Grande Soufrière">La Grande Soufrière</a>, the highest mountain peak in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> with an elevation of 1,467 metres (4,813 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast Grande-Terre is mostly flat, with rocky coasts to the north, irregular hills at the centre, mangrove at the southwest, and white sand beaches sheltered by <a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral reefs">coral reefs</a> along the southern shore.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is where the main tourist resorts are found.<sup id="cite_ref-gag_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gag-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a> is the third-largest island, followed by <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">La Désirade</a>, a north-east slanted <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> plateau, the highest point of which is 275 metres (902 ft). To the south lie the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_de_Petite-Terre" class="mw-redirect" title="Îles de Petite-Terre">Îles de Petite-Terre</a>, which are two islands (Terre de Haut and Terre de Bas) totalling 2 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-gag_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gag-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Les_Saintes" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Saintes">Les Saintes</a> is an archipelago of eight islands of which two, <a href="/wiki/Terre-de-Bas" title="Terre-de-Bas">Terre-de-Bas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terre-de-Haut_Island" title="Terre-de-Haut Island">Terre-de-Haut</a> are inhabited. The landscape is similar to that of Basse-Terre, with volcanic hills and irregular shoreline with deep bays. </p><p>There are numerous other smaller islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basse-Terre is a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lesser Antilles are at the outer edge of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean Plate</a>, and Guadeloupe is part of the outer arc of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles_Volcanic_Arc" title="Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc">Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc</a>. Many of the islands were formed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic Plate (page does not exist)">Atlantic Plate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean Plate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles_subduction_zone" title="Lesser Antilles subduction zone">Lesser Antilles subduction zone</a>. This process is ongoing and is responsible for volcanic and earthquake activity in the region. Guadeloupe was formed from multiple volcanoes, of which only La Grande Soufrière is not extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-jussieu_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jussieu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its last eruption was in 1976, and led to the evacuation of the southern part of Basse-Terre. 73,600 people were displaced throughout three and a half months following the eruption. </p><p><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%93Ar_dating" title="K–Ar dating">K–Ar dating</a> indicates that the three northern <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massifs</a> on <a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Basse-Terre Island">Basse-Terre Island</a> are 2.79 million years old. Sections of volcanoes collapsed and eroded within the last 650,000 years, after which the Sans Toucher volcano grew in the collapsed area. Volcanoes in the north of Basse-Terre Island mainly produced <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basaltic_andesite" title="Basaltic andesite">basaltic andesite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several beaches of dark or "black" sand.<sup id="cite_ref-gag_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gag-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade_(commune)" title="La Désirade (commune)">La Désirade</a>, east of the main islands, has a <a href="/wiki/Basement_(geology)" title="Basement (geology)">basement</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a>, overlaid with thick <a href="/wiki/Limestones" class="mw-redirect" title="Limestones">limestones</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> to <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> periods.<sup id="cite_ref-brgm_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brgm-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grande-Terre and Marie-Galante have basements probably composed of volcanic units of <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> to <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a>, but there are no visible outcrops. On Grande-Terre, the overlying <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_platform" title="Carbonate platform">carbonate platform</a> is 120 metres thick.<sup id="cite_ref-brgm_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brgm-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The islands are part of the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a>, so called because they are downwind of the prevailing <a href="/wiki/Trade_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade wind">trade winds</a>, which blow out of the northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was significant in the days of <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a>. Grande-Terre is so named because it is on the eastern, or <a href="/wiki/Windward" class="mw-redirect" title="Windward">windward</a> side, exposed to the Atlantic winds. Basse-Terre is so named because it is on the <a href="/wiki/Leeward" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeward">leeward</a> south-west side and sheltered from the winds. Guadeloupe has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a> tempered by maritime influences and the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Winds" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Winds">Trade Winds</a>. There are two seasons, the dry season called "Lent" from January to June, and the wet season called "winter", from July to December.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Guadeloupe </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #22FF22; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148<br />(5.8) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #1FFF1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #00D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198<br />(7.8) </td> <td style="background: #009200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">236<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #00AA00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">228<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #00AB00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">220<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #1DFF1D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,779<br />(70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.6 </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.1 </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.6 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">174.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.6 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.5 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.9 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,775.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plage_de_la_Grande_Anse_%C3%A0_Deshaies_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Plage_de_la_Grande_Anse_%C3%A0_Deshaies_2.jpg/220px-Plage_de_la_Grande_Anse_%C3%A0_Deshaies_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Plage_de_la_Grande_Anse_%C3%A0_Deshaies_2.jpg/330px-Plage_de_la_Grande_Anse_%C3%A0_Deshaies_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Plage_de_la_Grande_Anse_%C3%A0_Deshaies_2.jpg/440px-Plage_de_la_Grande_Anse_%C3%A0_Deshaies_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Grande Anse Beach</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tropical_cyclones_and_storm_surges">Tropical cyclones and storm surges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tropical cyclones and storm surges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located in a very exposed region, Guadeloupe and its <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependencies</a> have to face many <a href="/wiki/Cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclones">cyclones</a>. The deadliest hurricane to hit Guadeloupe was the Pointe-à-Pitre hurricane of 1776, which killed at least 6,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hurricane Hugo</a> caused severe damage to the islands of the archipelago and left a deep mark on the memory of the local inhabitants. In 1995, three hurricanes (Iris, Luis and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Marilyn</a>) hit the archipelago in less than three weeks. Other notable hurricanes include <a href="/wiki/1928_Okeechobee_hurricane" title="1928 Okeechobee hurricane">Okeechobee</a> in 1928, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy" title="Hurricane Betsy">Betsy</a> in 1965, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cleo" title="Hurricane Cleo">Cleo</a> in 1964, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Inez" title="Hurricane Inez">Inez</a> in 1966, and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Irma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Maria</a> in 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pic_de_la_Guadeloupe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pic_de_la_Guadeloupe.jpg/220px-Pic_de_la_Guadeloupe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pic_de_la_Guadeloupe.jpg/330px-Pic_de_la_Guadeloupe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pic_de_la_Guadeloupe.jpg/440px-Pic_de_la_Guadeloupe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_woodpecker" title="Guadeloupe woodpecker">Guadeloupe woodpecker</a> is endemic to the islands.</figcaption></figure> <p>With fertile volcanic soils, heavy rainfall and a warm climate, vegetation on Basse-Terre is lush.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the island's forests are on Basse-Terre, containing such species as <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ironwood" title="Ironwood">ironwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Chestnut tree">chestnut trees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_swamps" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangrove swamps">Mangrove swamps</a> line the Salée River.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the forest on Grande-Terre has been cleared, with only a few small patches remaining.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 300 and 1,000 metres (980 and 3,280 ft) of altitude, the <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> that covers a large part of the island of Basse-Terre develops. Vegetation there includes the white gum tree, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acomat-boucan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acomat-boucan (page does not exist)">acomat-boucan</a> or chestnut tree, the marbri or bois-bandé or the oleander; shrubs and herbaceous plants such as the mountain palm, the balisier or ferns; many epiphytes: <a href="/wiki/Bromeliads" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromeliads">bromeliads</a>, philodendrons, <a href="/wiki/Orchids" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchids">orchids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lianas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianas">lianas</a>. Above 1,000 m (3,300 ft), the humid savannah develops, composed of mosses, <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a>, sphagnum or more vigorous plants such as mountain <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a>, high altitude violet or mountain thyme. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dry_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry forest">dry forest</a> occupies a large part of the islands of Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes, <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">La Désirade</a> and also develops on the leeward coast of Basse-Terre. The coastal forest is more difficult to develop because of the nature of the soil (sandy, rocky), <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a>, sunshine and wind and is the environment where the sea grape, the <a href="/wiki/Hippomane" title="Hippomane">mancenilla</a> (a very toxic tree whose trunk is marked with a red line), the icaquier or the <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> tree grow. On the <a href="/wiki/Cliffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cliffs">cliffs</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">Arid</a> zones are found cacti such as the cactus-cigar (Cereus), the prickly pear, the chestnut cactus, the "Tête à l'anglais" cactus and the aloes. </p><p> The <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangrove</a> forest that borders some of Guadalupe's coasts is structured in three levels, from the closest to the sea to the farthest. On the first level are the <a href="/wiki/Optediceros_breviculum" title="Optediceros breviculum">red mangroves</a>; on the second, about 10 metres (33 ft) from the sea, the <a href="/wiki/Black_mangrove" title="Black mangrove">black mangroves</a> form the shrubby mangrove; on the third level the white mangroves form the tall mangrove. Behind the mangrove, where the tide and salt do not penetrate, a swamp forest sometimes develops, unique in Guadeloupe. The representative species of this environment is the Mangrove-medaille.</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artibeus_jamaicensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Jamaican fruit bats hanging from a tree" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Artibeus_jamaicensis.jpg/205px-Artibeus_jamaicensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Artibeus_jamaicensis.jpg/308px-Artibeus_jamaicensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Artibeus_jamaicensis.jpg/411px-Artibeus_jamaicensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_fruit_bat" title="Jamaican fruit bat">Jamaican fruit bat</a> can be found throughout the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of France">department</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Few terrestrial mammals, aside from bats and <a href="/wiki/Raccoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Raccoons">raccoons</a>, are native to the islands. The <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced</a> <a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose</a> is also present on Guadeloupe.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bird species include the <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> <a href="/wiki/Purple-throated_carib" title="Purple-throated carib">purple-throated carib</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_woodpecker" title="Guadeloupe woodpecker">Guadeloupe woodpecker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The waters of the islands support a rich variety of marine life.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, by studying 43,000 bone remains from six islands in the <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>, it was found that 50 to 70% of snakes and lizards on the Guadeloupe Islands became extinct after European colonists arrived; they had brought with them mammals such as cats, mongooses, rats, and raccoons, which might have preyed upon the native reptiles.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_preservation">Environmental preservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Environmental preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent decades, Guadeloupe's natural environments have been affected by hunting and fishing, forest retreat, urbanization and suburbanization. They also suffer from the development of intensive crops (banana and <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugar cane</a>, in particular), which reached their peak in the years 1955–75. This has led to the following situation: seagrass beds and <a href="/wiki/Reefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Reefs">reefs</a> have degraded by up to 50% around the large islands; mangroves and <a href="/wiki/Mantidae" title="Mantidae">mantids</a> have almost disappeared in <a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a>, Les Saintes and La Désirade; the <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> of the fresh water table has increased due to "the intensity of use of the layer"; and pollution of agricultural origin (pesticides and nitrogenous compounds).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the ChlEauTerre study, unveiled in March 2018, concludes that 37 different <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">anthropogenic</a> molecules (more than half of which come from residues of now-banned pesticides, such as chlordecone) were found in "79% of the watersheds analyzed in Grande-Terre and 84% in Basse-Terre." A report by the Guadeloupe Water Office notes that in 2019 there is a "generalized <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">degradation</a> of water bodies." </p><p>Despite everything, there is a will to preserve these <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environments</a> whose vegetation and <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscape</a> are preserved in some parts of the islands and constitute a sensitive asset for tourism. These areas are partially protected and classified as ZNIEFF, sometimes with nature reserve status, and several caves are home to protected chiropterans. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sommet_de_la_Soufri%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sommet_de_la_Soufri%C3%A8re.jpg/220px-Sommet_de_la_Soufri%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sommet_de_la_Soufri%C3%A8re.jpg/330px-Sommet_de_la_Soufri%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sommet_de_la_Soufri%C3%A8re.jpg/440px-Sommet_de_la_Soufri%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>La Soufrière Volcano crater and its fumaroles</figcaption></figure> <p>The Guadalupe <a href="/wiki/National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park">National Park</a> was created on 20 February 1989. In 1992, under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere Reserve">Biosphere Reserve</a> of the Guadeloupe Archipelago (<i>Réserve de biosphère de l'archipel de la Guadeloupe</i>) was created. As a result, on 8 December 1993, the marine site of Grand Cul-de-sac was listed as a wetland of international importance.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island thus became the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department</a> with the most <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earthquakes_and_tsunamis">Earthquakes and tsunamis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Earthquakes and tsunamis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The archipelago is crossed by numerous <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">geological faults</a> such as those of la Barre or la Cadoue, while in depth, in front of Moule and <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">La Désirade</a> begins the Désirade Fault, and between the north of Maria-Galante and the south of Grande-Terre begins the Maria Galante Fault. And it is because of these geological characteristics, the islands of the department of Guadeloupe are classified in zone III according to the seismic zoning of France and are subject to a specific risk prevention plan.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1843_Guadeloupe_earthquake" title="1843 Guadeloupe earthquake">1843 earthquake</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> is, to this day, the most violent earthquake known. It caused the death of more than a thousand people, as well as major damage in Pointe-à-Pitre. </p><p>On 21 November 2004, the islands of the department, in particular <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_des_Saintes" title="Îles des Saintes">Les Saintes</a> archipelago, were shaken by a violent earthquake that reached a magnitude of 6.3 on the <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">Richter scale</a> and caused the death of one person, as well as extensive material damage.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guadeloupe" title="Demographics of Guadeloupe">Demographics of Guadeloupe</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><div class="thumb tright" style="clear:none"><div class="thumbinner"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">223,675</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">276,545</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.96%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1967 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">305,312</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1974 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">315,848</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">317,269</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">353,431</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">386,566</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">403,355</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">397,990</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">384,315</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2024 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">378,561</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.50%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of Guadeloupe was estimated to be 378,561 on 1 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population is mainly <a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Caribbean">Afro-Caribbean</a>. European, <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in Guadeloupe">Indian (Tamil, Telugu, and other South Indians)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian people">Syrians</a>, and Chinese are all minorities. There is also a substantial population of <a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitians</a> in Guadeloupe who work mainly in construction and as street vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> is the political capital; however, the largest city and economic hub is <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Guadeloupe has been decreasing by 0.8% per year since 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-census2019press_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2019press-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 the average population density in Guadeloupe was 240 inhabitants per square kilometre (620/sq mi), which is very high in comparison to metropolitan France's average of 119 inhabitants per square kilometre (310/sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One third of the land is devoted to agriculture and all mountains are uninhabitable; this lack of space and shelter makes the population density even higher. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_urban_areas">Major urban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Major urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most populous <a href="/wiki/Urban_unit" title="Urban unit">urban unit</a> (agglomeration) is <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>-<a href="/wiki/Les_Abymes" title="Les Abymes">Les Abymes</a>, which covers 11 communes and 65% of the population of the department.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three largest urban units are:<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Urban unit </th> <th>Population (2019) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>-<a href="/wiki/Les_Abymes" title="Les Abymes">Les Abymes</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">249,815 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">50,104 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capesterre-Belle-Eau" title="Capesterre-Belle-Eau">Capesterre-Belle-Eau</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">25,362 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> at birth was recorded at 77.0 years for males and 83.5 for females.<sup id="cite_ref-INSEE_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INSEE-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medical centres in Guadeloupe include: University Hospital Centre (CHU) in Pointe-à-Pitre, Regional Hospital Centre (CHR) in Basse-Terre, and four hospitals located in Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Pointe-Noire, Bouillante and Saint-Claude.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe</i>, is located in Pointe-à-Pitre and is responsible for researching environmental hygiene, vaccinations, and the spread of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium" title="Mycobacterium">mycobacteria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pasteur_Institute_of_Guadeloupe_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pasteur_Institute_of_Guadeloupe-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The relative wealth of Guadeloupe contrasts with the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> of several islands in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> region, which makes the community an attractive place for the populations of some of these territories.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, other factors, such as political instability and natural disasters, explain this immigration. As early as the 1970s, the first illegal immigrants of <a href="/wiki/Haitian_diaspora" title="Haitian diaspora">Haitian origin</a> arrived in Guadeloupe to meet a need for labour in the agricultural sector; alongside this <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian immigration</a>, which is more visible because it is more numerous, Guadeloupe has also seen the arrival and settlement of populations from the island of Dominica and the Dominican Republic. In 2005, the prefecture, which represents the State in Guadeloupe, reported figures of between 50,000 and 60,000 foreigners in the department.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe_women_(1911).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Guadeloupe_women_%281911%29.png/220px-Guadeloupe_women_%281911%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Guadeloupe_women_%281911%29.png/330px-Guadeloupe_women_%281911%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Guadeloupe_women_%281911%29.png/440px-Guadeloupe_women_%281911%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>Guadeloupe women (1911) on Ellis Island</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Created in 1963 by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Michel Debré</a>, Bumidom's objective was to "[...] contribute to the solution of demographic problems in the overseas departments". To this end, its missions were multiple: information for future emigrants, vocational training, family reunification and management of reception centres. At the time, this project was also seen as a means to diminish the influence of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indian" title="West Indian">West Indian</a> independence movements, which were gaining strength in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1963 and 1981, an estimated 16,562 Guadeloupeans emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a> through Bumidom. And the miniseries Le Rêve français (The French Dream) sets out to recount some of the consequences of the emigration of West Indians and Reunionese to France. </p><p>An estimated 50,000 Guadeloupeans and Martinicans participated in the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> between 1904 and 1914. In 2014, it was estimated that there were between 60,000 and 70,000 descendants of these West Indians living in Panama.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other waves of migration to North America, especially to Canada, occurred at the beginning of the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="La Réunion">La Réunion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, Guadeloupe is one of the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department_and_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department and region">overseas departments</a>, being both a <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also an outermost region of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. The inhabitants of Guadeloupe are French citizens with full political and legal rights. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mairie_de_Goyave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mairie_de_Goyave.jpg/220px-Mairie_de_Goyave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mairie_de_Goyave.jpg/330px-Mairie_de_Goyave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mairie_de_Goyave.jpg/440px-Mairie_de_Goyave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4174" data-file-height="3130" /></a><figcaption>Goyave Town Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Legislative powers are centred on the separate <a href="/wiki/Departmental_council_(France)" title="Departmental council (France)">departmental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">regional</a> councils.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elected president of the <a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Guadeloupe" title="Departmental Council of Guadeloupe">Departmental Council of Guadeloupe</a> is currently Guy Losbar (1 July 2021); its main areas of responsibility include the management of a number of social and welfare allowances, of junior high school (collège) buildings and technical staff, and local roads and school and rural buses. The <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Guadeloupe" title="Regional Council of Guadeloupe">Regional Council of Guadeloupe</a> is a body, elected every six years, consisting of a president (currently <a href="/wiki/Ary_Chalus" title="Ary Chalus">Ary Chalus</a>) and eight vice-presidents. The regional council oversees <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France" title="Secondary education in France">secondary education</a>, regional transportation, economic development, the environment, and some infrastructure, among other things. </p><p>Guadeloupe elects one deputy from one of each of the <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe%27s_1st_constituency" title="Guadeloupe's 1st constituency">first</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Guadeloupe's 2nd constituency">second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe%27s_3rd_constituency" title="Guadeloupe's 3rd constituency">third</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe%27s_4th_constituency" title="Guadeloupe's 4th constituency">fourth</a> constituencies to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly of France</a>. Three senators are chosen for the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of France">Senate of France</a> by <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For electoral purposes, Guadeloupe is divided into two <a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Arrondissements of the Guadeloupe department">arrondissements</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>), and 21 <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Cantons of the Guadeloupe department">cantons</a>. </p><p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">French political parties</a> are active in Guadeloupe. In addition there are also regional parties such as the <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_Communist_Party" title="Guadeloupe Communist Party">Guadeloupe Communist Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_of_Guadeloupe" title="Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe">Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupean_Objective" title="Guadeloupean Objective">Guadeloupean Objective</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pluralist_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluralist Left">Pluralist Left</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Guadeloupe,_Solidary_and_Responsible" title="United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible">United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> (regional capital) of Guadeloupe is <a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a>. Local services of the state administration are traditionally organised at departmental level, where the <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">prefect</a> represents the government.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Arrondissements of the Guadeloupe department">Arrondissements of the Guadeloupe department</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Cantons of the Guadeloupe department">Cantons of the Guadeloupe department</a></div> <p>For the purposes of local government, Guadeloupe is divided into <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Communes of the Guadeloupe department">32 communes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each commune has a municipal council and a mayor. Revenues for the communes come from transfers from the French government, and local taxes. Administrative responsibilities at this level include water management, civil register, and municipal police. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Population (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-pop2019_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2019-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Arrondissement </th> <th>Map </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_Abymes" title="Les Abymes">Les Abymes</a> </td> <td>81.25 </td> <td>53,514 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Les_Abymes_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Locator_map_of_Les_Abymes_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Les_Abymes_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Locator_map_of_Les_Abymes_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Les_Abymes_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Locator_map_of_Les_Abymes_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Les_Abymes_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anse-Bertrand" title="Anse-Bertrand">Anse-Bertrand</a> </td> <td>62.5 </td> <td>4,001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Anse-Bertrand_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Locator_map_of_Anse-Bertrand_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Anse-Bertrand_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Locator_map_of_Anse-Bertrand_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Anse-Bertrand_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Locator_map_of_Anse-Bertrand_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Anse-Bertrand_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baie-Mahault" title="Baie-Mahault">Baie-Mahault</a> </td> <td>46 </td> <td>30,837 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Baie-Mahault_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Locator_map_of_Baie-Mahault_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Baie-Mahault_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Locator_map_of_Baie-Mahault_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Baie-Mahault_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Locator_map_of_Baie-Mahault_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Baie-Mahault_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baillif" title="Baillif">Baillif</a> </td> <td>24.3 </td> <td>5,203 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Baillif_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Locator_map_of_Baillif_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Baillif_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Locator_map_of_Baillif_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Baillif_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Locator_map_of_Baillif_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Baillif_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td>5.78 </td> <td>9,861 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Basse-Terre_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Basse-Terre_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Basse-Terre_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Basse-Terre_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Basse-Terre_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Basse-Terre_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Basse-Terre_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bouillante" title="Bouillante">Bouillante</a> </td> <td>43.46 </td> <td>6,847 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Bouillante_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Locator_map_of_Bouillante_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Bouillante_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Locator_map_of_Bouillante_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Bouillante_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Locator_map_of_Bouillante_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Bouillante_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capesterre-Belle-Eau" title="Capesterre-Belle-Eau">Capesterre-Belle-Eau</a> </td> <td>103.3 </td> <td>17,741 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Capesterre-Belle-Eau_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Locator_map_of_Capesterre-Belle-Eau_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Capesterre-Belle-Eau_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Locator_map_of_Capesterre-Belle-Eau_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Capesterre-Belle-Eau_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Locator_map_of_Capesterre-Belle-Eau_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Capesterre-Belle-Eau_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante" title="Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante">Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante</a> </td> <td>46.19 </td> <td>3,298 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Locator_map_of_Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Locator_map_of_Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Locator_map_of_Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deshaies" title="Deshaies">Deshaies</a> </td> <td>31.1 </td> <td>3,998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Deshaies_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Locator_map_of_Deshaies_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Deshaies_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Locator_map_of_Deshaies_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Deshaies_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Locator_map_of_Deshaies_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Deshaies_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2492" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade_(commune)" title="La Désirade (commune)">La Désirade</a> </td> <td>21.12 </td> <td>1,419 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_La_D%C3%A9sirade_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Locator_map_of_La_D%C3%A9sirade_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_La_D%C3%A9sirade_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Locator_map_of_La_D%C3%A9sirade_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_La_D%C3%A9sirade_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Locator_map_of_La_D%C3%A9sirade_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_La_D%C3%A9sirade_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Le_Gosier" title="Le Gosier">Le Gosier</a> </td> <td>45.2 </td> <td>26,489 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Le_Gosier_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Locator_map_of_Le_Gosier_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Le_Gosier_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Locator_map_of_Le_Gosier_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Le_Gosier_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Locator_map_of_Le_Gosier_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Le_Gosier_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gourbeyre" title="Gourbeyre">Gourbeyre</a> </td> <td>22.52 </td> <td>7,760 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Gourbeyre_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Locator_map_of_Gourbeyre_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Gourbeyre_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Locator_map_of_Gourbeyre_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Gourbeyre_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Locator_map_of_Gourbeyre_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Gourbeyre_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goyave" title="Goyave">Goyave</a> </td> <td>59.91 </td> <td>7,621 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Goyave_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Locator_map_of_Goyave_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Goyave_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Locator_map_of_Goyave_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Goyave_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Locator_map_of_Goyave_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Goyave_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand-Bourg" title="Grand-Bourg">Grand-Bourg</a> </td> <td>55.54 </td> <td>4,870 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Grand-Bourg_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Locator_map_of_Grand-Bourg_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Grand-Bourg_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Locator_map_of_Grand-Bourg_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Grand-Bourg_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Locator_map_of_Grand-Bourg_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Grand-Bourg_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamentin" title="Lamentin">Lamentin</a> </td> <td>65.6 </td> <td>16,354 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Lamentin_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Locator_map_of_Lamentin_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Lamentin_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Locator_map_of_Lamentin_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Lamentin_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Locator_map_of_Lamentin_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Lamentin_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau" title="Morne-à-l'Eau">Morne-à-l'Eau</a> </td> <td>64.5 </td> <td>16,495 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Locator_map_of_Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Locator_map_of_Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Locator_map_of_Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Morne-%C3%A0-l%27Eau_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Le_Moule" title="Le Moule">Le Moule</a> </td> <td>82.84 </td> <td>22,149 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Le_Moule_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Locator_map_of_Le_Moule_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Le_Moule_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Locator_map_of_Le_Moule_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Le_Moule_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Locator_map_of_Le_Moule_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Le_Moule_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petit-Bourg" title="Petit-Bourg">Petit-Bourg</a> </td> <td>129.88 </td> <td>24,753 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Petit-Bourg_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Locator_map_of_Petit-Bourg_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Petit-Bourg_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Locator_map_of_Petit-Bourg_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Petit-Bourg_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Locator_map_of_Petit-Bourg_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Petit-Bourg_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petit-Canal" title="Petit-Canal">Petit-Canal</a> </td> <td>72 </td> <td>8,203 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Petit-Canal_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Locator_map_of_Petit-Canal_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Petit-Canal_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Locator_map_of_Petit-Canal_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Petit-Canal_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Locator_map_of_Petit-Canal_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Petit-Canal_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td>2.66 </td> <td>15,181 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Locator_map_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Locator_map_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Locator_map_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pointe-Noire,_Guadeloupe" title="Pointe-Noire, Guadeloupe">Pointe-Noire</a> </td> <td>59.7 </td> <td>6,031 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Pointe-Noire_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Locator_map_of_Pointe-Noire_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Pointe-Noire_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Locator_map_of_Pointe-Noire_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Pointe-Noire_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Locator_map_of_Pointe-Noire_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Pointe-Noire_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Port-Louis,_Guadeloupe" title="Port-Louis, Guadeloupe">Port-Louis</a> </td> <td>44.24 </td> <td>5,618 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Port-Louis_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Locator_map_of_Port-Louis_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Port-Louis_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Locator_map_of_Port-Louis_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Port-Louis_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Locator_map_of_Port-Louis_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Port-Louis_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Claude,_Guadeloupe" title="Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe">Saint-Claude</a> </td> <td>34.3 </td> <td>10,466 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Claude_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Locator_map_of_Saint-Claude_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Claude_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Locator_map_of_Saint-Claude_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Claude_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Locator_map_of_Saint-Claude_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Claude_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois,_Guadeloupe" title="Saint-François, Guadeloupe">Saint-François</a> </td> <td>61 </td> <td>11,689 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Locator_map_of_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Locator_map_of_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Locator_map_of_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Guadeloupe" title="Saint-Louis, Guadeloupe">Saint-Louis</a> </td> <td>56.28 </td> <td>2,397 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne,_Guadeloupe" title="Sainte-Anne, Guadeloupe">Sainte-Anne</a> </td> <td>80.29 </td> <td>24,151 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Sainte-Anne_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Anne_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Anne_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Anne_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Anne_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Anne_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Anne_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Rose,_Guadeloupe" title="Sainte-Rose, Guadeloupe">Sainte-Rose</a> </td> <td>118.6 </td> <td>17,985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terre-de-Bas" title="Terre-de-Bas">Terre-de-Bas</a> </td> <td>6.8 </td> <td>975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Bas_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Bas_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Bas_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Bas_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Bas_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Bas_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Bas_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terre-de-Haut" title="Terre-de-Haut">Terre-de-Haut</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1,519 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Haut_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Haut_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Haut_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Haut_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Haut_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Haut_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Terre-de-Haut_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res,_Guadeloupe" title="Trois-Rivières, Guadeloupe">Trois-Rivières</a> </td> <td>31.1 </td> <td>7,862 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Locator_map_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Locator_map_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Locator_map_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Fort,_Guadeloupe" title="Vieux-Fort, Guadeloupe">Vieux-Fort</a> </td> <td>7.24 </td> <td>1,842 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Vieux-Fort_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Locator_map_of_Vieux-Fort_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Vieux-Fort_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Locator_map_of_Vieux-Fort_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Vieux-Fort_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Locator_map_of_Vieux-Fort_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Vieux-Fort_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Habitants" title="Vieux-Habitants">Vieux-Habitants</a> </td> <td>58.7 </td> <td>7,110 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Basse-Terre" title="Arrondissement of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Vieux-Habitants_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Locator_map_of_Vieux-Habitants_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Vieux-Habitants_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Locator_map_of_Vieux-Habitants_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Vieux-Habitants_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Locator_map_of_Vieux-Habitants_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Vieux-Habitants_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3489" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Geopolitics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> From a <a href="/wiki/Geostrategy" title="Geostrategy">geostrategic</a> point of view, Guadeloupe is located in a central part of the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Caribbean archipelago</a> between the Atlantic Ocean and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>. This location in the region allows France to reach a large part of the eastern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">American continent</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_France" title="Exclusive economic zone of France">exclusive economic zone</a> formed by Guadeloupe and <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> covers just over 126,146 square kilometres.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980 France established its maritime boundaries in the area by signing a Treaty with <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provides France with important fishing resources.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/220px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/330px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/440px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">special territories of the European Union</a></figcaption></figure><p>This offers France important fishing resources and independence to develop a sovereign policy of underwater research and protection (protection of <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a>, Cousteau reserve, protection of <a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral reefs">coral reefs</a>). Because of its geographical position, Guadeloupe allows France to participate in political and diplomatic dialogues at both the regional (Lesser and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>) and continental (<a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin</a> and North America) levels.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The signing of the Regional Convention for the Internationalisation of Enterprise (CRIE), membership of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC) and membership of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a> (ACS) are milestones that have enabled Guadeloupe to develop its bilateral or multilateral relations within the framework of international agreements or institutions.11 The development of bilateral and multilateral economic partnerships with other Caribbean and American states is based on the modernisation of the autonomous port of Guadeloupe and the importance of the Guadeloupe-Polo Caribe international airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols_and_flags">Symbols and flags</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Symbols and flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a part of France, Guadeloupe uses the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">French tricolour</a> as its flag and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Marseillaise</i></span> as its anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a variety of other flags are also used in unofficial or informal contexts as the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guadeloupe" title="Flag of Guadeloupe">flag of Guadeloupe</a>, most notably the sun-based flag.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independentists also have their own flag suggested by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Union_for_the_Liberation_of_Guadeloupe" title="People's Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe">People's Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag of France"><img alt="National flag of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/120px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/180px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/240px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">National flag of France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_(local).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colonial flag of Guadeloupe"><img alt="Colonial flag of Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/120px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/180px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/240px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Colonial flag of Guadeloupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guadeloupe_(local)_variant.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red variant of the colonial sun flag"><img alt="Red variant of the colonial sun flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29_variant.svg/120px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29_variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29_variant.svg/180px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29_variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29_variant.svg/240px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29_variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Red variant of the colonial sun flag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guadeloupe_(UPLG).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag used by the independence and the cultural movements"><img alt="Flag used by the independence and the cultural movements" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28UPLG%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28UPLG%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28UPLG%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28UPLG%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28UPLG%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28UPLG%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag used by the independence and the cultural movements</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guadeloupe_(Local).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe"><img alt="Logo of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28Local%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28Local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28Local%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28Local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28Local%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28Local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caroline-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Caroline-6.jpg/220px-Caroline-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Caroline-6.jpg/330px-Caroline-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Caroline-6.jpg/440px-Caroline-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plage_de_Pompierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Plage de Pompierre">Plage de Pompierre</a>, one of the many beaches on Guadeloupe that draw in tourists</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regimedebanane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Regimedebanane.jpg/170px-Regimedebanane.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Regimedebanane.jpg/255px-Regimedebanane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Regimedebanane.jpg/340px-Regimedebanane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Banana plantations on Basse-Terre</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Guadeloupe depends on tourism, agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">light industry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_economic_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector of economic activity">services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is reliant upon mainland France for large subsidies and imports and public administration is the largest single employer on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unemployment is especially high among the youth population.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Gross domestic product (GDP) of Guadeloupe was €9.079 billion, and showed 3.4% growth. The <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> of Guadeloupe was €23,152.<sup id="cite_ref-gdp_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdp-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imports amounted to €3.019 billion, and exports to €1.157 billion. The main export products are bananas, sugar and rum. Banana exports suffered in 2017 from damages due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Hurricane Irma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gdp_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdp-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism is one of the most prominent sources of income, with most visitors coming from France and North America.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An increasingly large number of cruise ships visit Guadeloupe, the cruise terminal of which is in Pointe-à-Pitre.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamoncillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamoncillo">guinnep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noni" class="mw-redirect" title="Noni">noni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapotilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapotilla">sapotilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">giraumon squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">plantain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christophene" class="mw-redirect" title="Christophene">christophene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">jackfruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a>, and many varieties of flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is dependent upon imported food, mainly from the rest of France.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_industry">Light industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Light industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the various light industries, sugar and <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> production, solar energy, cement, furniture and clothing are the most prominent.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guadeloupe's official language is <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, which is spoken by nearly all of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-factbook_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most residents also speak <a href="/wiki/Antillean_Creole" title="Antillean Creole">Guadeloupean Creole</a>, a <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="French-based creole language">French-based creole language</a>. </p><p>Guadeloupean Creole emerged as a result of the need for all ethnic groups (French, African and Amerindian) to be able to understand each other.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This language is therefore the result of a mixture created in the 17th century in response to a communicative emergency. At the time of the colony's foundation, a majority of the French population did not speak the standard French language but local dialects and languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>, while the Africans came from a variety of West and Central African ethnic groups and lacked a common language themselves. The Creole language emerged as a lingua franca and ultimately became the native language of much of the population. </p><p>Moreover, Terre-de-Haut and Terre-de-Bas, in the Saintes <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>, due to their settlement history (Breton, Norman and Poitevin settlers), have their own Creoles which differ from Guadeloupean Creole by their French pronunciations, their particular expressions, their syntax and their sonorities. Although it is not transcribed, these islanders call their Creole "patois" or "language of St. Martin" and actively ensure its transmission and perpetuation by their descendants in vernacular form. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG/220px-Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG/330px-Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG/440px-Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Warning sign written in Guadeloupe Creole</figcaption></figure> <p>A Guadeloupean <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9k%C3%A9" title="Béké">béké</a> first wrote Creole at the end of the 17th century, transcribing it using <a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French orthography</a>. </p><p>As Guadeloupe is a French department, French is the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>. However, Guadeloupean French (in contact with Creole) has certain linguistic characteristics that differ from those of standard metropolitan French. Recently, a very detailed study of the phonetic aspect of Guadeloupean French has been undertaken (this would be the first study to deal with both the acoustic and the phonological and perceptual aspects of Guadeloupean French in particular and West Indian French in general). It is also concerned with the reading varieties of Guadeloupean French (<a href="/wiki/Post-creole_continuum#Stratification" title="Post-creole continuum">acrolect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-creole_continuum#Stratification" title="Post-creole continuum">mesolect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-creole_continuum#Stratification" title="Post-creole continuum">basilect</a>). </p><p>In recent decades there has been a revival of Creole, which has stimulated the appearance of books of short stories and poetry published in Creole and French over the last ten years. In this context, Hector Poullet is a pioneer of Creole-mediated dictation. Creole is also a very colourful language and very philosophical in its expressions and phrases, which, translated literally into French, can be confusing. The representatives of the older generations are not always fluent in French, but in Guadeloupean Creole. </p><p>Today, the question as to whether French and Creole are stable in Guadeloupe, i.e. whether both languages are practiced widely and competently throughout society, remains a subject of active research.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre_-_Dame_de_Guadeloupe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre_-_Dame_de_Guadeloupe.jpg/220px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre_-_Dame_de_Guadeloupe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre_-_Dame_de_Guadeloupe.jpg/330px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre_-_Dame_de_Guadeloupe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre_-_Dame_de_Guadeloupe.jpg/440px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre_-_Dame_de_Guadeloupe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4503" data-file-height="3377" /></a><figcaption>Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Guadeloupe</figcaption></figure> <p>Figures in 2020 state that 96% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> (of these, approximately 86% were <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, 8% <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and 6% other Christian); of the other 4%, most were not religious.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guadeloupe is in the Catholic diocese of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Basse-Terre" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre (et Pointe-à-Pitre)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1685, the <a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Black Code</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian religion</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic form</a> as the only authorized religion in the <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French West Indies</a>, thus excluding Jews and the various Protestant groups from practicing their beliefs, and imposed the forced <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Christianity" title="Conversion to Christianity">conversion</a> of the newly arrived slaves and the baptism of the older ones. Guadeloupe adopted the code on 10 December 1685.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was followed by a rapid fashion among the <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a>, since this religion offered them a spiritual refuge and allowed them to safeguard some of their African beliefs and customs, thus marking the beginning of a religious syncretism.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1970s, new religions and groups have been 'competing' with the Catholic Church, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Evangelical Pentecostal Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (Mormons).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Administratively, the territory of Guadeloupe is part of the Diocese of Basse-Terre and Pointe-à-Pitre, attached to the Catholic Church in France.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diocese includes the territories of Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy and St. Martin and the number of faithful is estimated at 400,000. In 2020 there were 59 priests active in the diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The episcopal see is located in Basse-Terre, in the cathedral of Notre-Dame-de-Guadeloupe.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, which accompanied the Indians who came to work in Guadeloupe in the mid-19th century, has expanded since the 1980s. The Indian community has its own tradition that comes from India. It is the mayé men, a distorted pronunciation of the name of the Tamil Indian goddess Mariamman. There are no less than 400 temples in the archipelago. </p><p>Islam was first Institutionalized in the French West Indies by the 1970s, first in Martinique.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the president of the Muslim association of Guadeloupe, there are between 2,500 and 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in the department. The island has two mosques.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judaism has been present in Guadeloupe since the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch</a> settlers expelled from the northeast of present-day Brazil in 1654. There is a synagogue and an Israelite cultural community.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guadeloupeans of Syrian and Lebanese origin practice Catholicism in its <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a> form. <a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a> has been attractive to some young people since the 1970s following its emergence in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. The quimbois or kenbwa, practiced in Guadeloupe, refer to magical-religious practices derived from Christian and African syncretism.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryse_Cond%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maryse_Cond%C3%A9.jpg/170px-Maryse_Cond%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maryse_Cond%C3%A9.jpg/255px-Maryse_Cond%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maryse_Cond%C3%A9.jpg/340px-Maryse_Cond%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2584" data-file-height="2512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maryse_Cond%C3%A9" title="Maryse Condé">Maryse Condé</a>, historical fiction author</figcaption></figure> <p>Guadeloupe has always had a rich literary output, with Guadeloupean author <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a> winning the 1960 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. Other prominent writers from Guadeloupe or of Guadeloupean descent include <a href="/wiki/Maryse_Cond%C3%A9" title="Maryse Condé">Maryse Condé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simone_Schwarz-Bart" title="Simone Schwarz-Bart">Simone Schwarz-Bart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Warner-Vieyra" title="Myriam Warner-Vieyra">Myriam Warner-Vieyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oruno_Lara" title="Oruno Lara">Oruno Lara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Maximin" title="Daniel Maximin">Daniel Maximin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Niger" title="Paul Niger">Paul Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Tirolien" title="Guy Tirolien">Guy Tirolien</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Germain_L%C3%A9onard" title="Nicolas-Germain Léonard">Nicolas-Germain Léonard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guadeloupe" title="Music of Guadeloupe">Music of Guadeloupe</a></div> <p>Music and dance are also very popular, and the interaction of African, French and Indian cultures<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has given birth to some original new forms specific to the archipelago, most notably <a href="/wiki/Zouk_(musical_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zouk (musical movement)">zouk</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1970s, Guadeloupean music has increasingly claimed the local language, Guadeloupean Creole as the preferred language of popular music. Islanders enjoy many local dance styles including <a href="/wiki/Zouk_(musical_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zouk (musical movement)">zouk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zouk-love" class="mw-redirect" title="Zouk-love">zouk-love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compas" title="Compas">compas</a>, as well as the modern international genres such as hip hop, etc. </p><p>Traditional Guadeloupean music includes <a href="/wiki/Biguine" title="Biguine">biguine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadence_rampa" title="Cadence rampa">kadans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadence-lypso" title="Cadence-lypso">cadence-lypso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gwo_ka" title="Gwo ka">gwo ka</a>. Popular music artists and bands such as <a href="/wiki/Experience_7" title="Experience 7">Experience 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francky_Vincent" title="Francky Vincent">Francky Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kassav%27" title="Kassav'">Kassav'</a> (which included Patrick St-Eloi, and Gilles Floro) embody the more traditional music styles of the island, whilst other musical artists such as the punk band The Bolokos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rci.fm/guadeloupe/infos/Culture/Bolokos-veritable-succes-pour-les-guadeloupeens-au-festival-anglais-Rebellion">(1)</a> or Tom Frager focus on more international genres such as rock or <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>. Many international festivals take place in Guadeloupe, such as the Creole Blues Festival on <a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> All the Euro-French forms of art are also ubiquitous, enriched by other communities from Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, India, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> who have migrated to the islands. </p><p> Classical music has seen a resurgent interest in Guadeloupe. One of the first known composers of African origin was born in Guadeloupe, <a href="/wiki/Chevalier_de_Saint-Georges" title="Chevalier de Saint-Georges">Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges</a>, a contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, and a celebrated figure in Guadeloupe. Several monuments and cites are dedicated to Saint-Georges in Guadeloupe, and there is an annual music festival, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges_International_Music_Festival" title="Saint-Georges International Music Festival">Festival International de Musique Saint-Georges</a>, dedicated in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival attracts classical musicians from all over the world and is one of the largest classical music festivals in the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnaval_de_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2013_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Carnaval_de_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2013_01.JPG/220px-Carnaval_de_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2013_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Carnaval_de_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2013_01.JPG/330px-Carnaval_de_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2013_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Carnaval_de_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2013_01.JPG/440px-Carnaval_de_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois_2013_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="3455" /></a><figcaption>Carnival of Guadeloupe</figcaption></figure><p>Another element of Guadeloupean culture is its dress. A few women (particularly of the older generation) wear a unique style of traditional dress, with many layers of colourful fabric, now only worn on special occasions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On festive occasions they also wore a madras (originally a "kerchief" from South India) headscarf tied in many different symbolic ways, each with a different name. The headdress could be tied in the "bat" style, or the "firefighter" style, as well as the "Guadeloupean woman".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Jewellery, mainly gold, is also important in the Guadeloupean lady's dress, a product of European, African and Indian inspiration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_dress">Traditional dress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Traditional dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Traditional dress</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inherited today, is the result of a long cultural mix involving Africa, Asia and Europe. This cultural mix was initially based on triangular trade and later on a more globalized trade that included importing fabrics from the Orient. For example, in the traditional Guadeloupean costume, we find Asian influences with the use of madras cloth from India, African and European influences (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> in this case) with the use of the headscarf for covering and again European influences (<a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French</a> in this case) in the adoption of the lace petticoat from <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>. </p><p>The clothing worn in Guadeloupe has mutated over the centuries and has undergone changes that reflect the social conditions and the evolution of society, from the time of slavery to the present day. During the second half of the 17th century, slaves arriving in Guadeloupe were naked or nearly <a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">naked</a>. They were then forced to wear rags or the owner's worn-out clothes, which were quickly discarded, barely concealing their nakedness.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Or <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a> working in the fields wore the "three-hole" dress, made of a vegetable fiber fabric in which three holes were made (two for the arms and one for the head). Under pressure from the church and the authorities, slaves were forced to wear the "three-hole" dress. </p><p>Under pressure from the church and as soon as the <a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Black Code</a> was enforced in 1685, owners were required to provide "each slave with two suits of cloth or four alders [about 7.5 m<sup>2</sup>; 81 sq ft] of cloth a year... art.25" which only modestly improved their conditions. However, the poor quality of the clothing worn during slavery must be qualified, as it could vary according to the day of the week (daily clothing, Sunday clothing, clothing for special occasions), or according to the status of the slaves employed in the houses. </p><p>In fact, the latter could be dressed in clothes of different quality according to the job they performed on the <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">property</a>. For example, in the case of the maids, their clothes could be of better quality because they had to reflect the image of success and wealth that their master wanted to project. </p><p>From the 17th century onwards, the development of the <a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creole</a> costume coincided with the desire of slave women to regain their dignity, with the evolution of their employment within the household or Guadeloupean society (specialization in the sewing and dressmaking trades), with the evolution of Guadeloupean society (free women of colour, freed slaves, mulatto women) and with the influence of the European fashionable costume, which the housewife represented. </p><p>After the abolition of slavery, the main periods of traditional Guadeloupean dress were the following: </p> <ul><li>1848 to 1930, establishment of the use of the costume;<sup id="cite_ref-:1_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>From 1930 to 1950, significant decrease in the use of the traditional costume;</li> <li>From 1950 to 1960, period in which the traje becomes a "<a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folkloric</a>" garment;</li> <li>From 1960 to the present, the traditional costume has been recovered and is valued both as an everyday garment and as a sign of attachment to the culture of Guadalupe.53 Today, many designers are inspired by the traditional costume to make some of their creations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>As a result of this fusion of African and European dress codes over the centuries, including materials from distant origins, the Guadeloupean wardrobe includes Creole garments such as: the cozy dress or wòb ti-do, an everyday dress also called "à corps" because it fits the body like a corset; the skirt-shirt, in ceremonial dress (the shirt is made of very fine batiste trimmed with lace, which stops at the elbows and is buttoned with golden buttons. The <a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">skirt</a>, full and very wide in the back with tail, is knotted above the breasts); the bodice dress which is distinguished from the others by the quantity and richness of the fabric used (satin, brocade satin, satin). </p> <ul><li>The traditional headdress, worn with or without the women's traditional costume, is the subject of a precise codification:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The "tête chaudière" is the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">headdress</a> with a round, flat shape, topped with a spiked knot;<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Guadeloupe-827.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Guadeloupe-827.jpg/220px-Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Guadeloupe-827.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Guadeloupe-827.jpg/330px-Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Guadeloupe-827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Guadeloupe-827.jpg/440px-Mobeye-%C3%89t%C3%A9DesVilles-Guadeloupe-827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>La fête des cuisinières</figcaption></figure></li> <li>The four-pointed headdress (headdress with four knots) means "my heart has room for whoever wants it!";</li> <li>The three-pointed headdress means "my heart is taken!";</li> <li>The two-pointed headdress means "my heart is compromised, but you can try your luck!";</li> <li>The one-ended headdress means "my heart is free!"<sup id="cite_ref-:2_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guadeloupean <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a> is a mixture of African, European and Asian influences.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses first of all agricultural products such as poyo (plantain more commonly called green plantain or ti-nain), bread plantain, okra, <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>, pigeon peas, cristofina, yam or sweet potato. </p><p>The sea and rivers provide rays, snappers, octopus (chatou), lambis, burgots (a type of large whelk), sea urchins and ouassous. Orchards provide fruits such as soursop, red jambosier, <a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">passion fruit</a> (marakoudja), <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, quenette, and citrus. Condiments sometimes added to dishes are habanero chili, cive (a kind of onion from the country) or roucou seeds that give a red tint to sauces. </p><p>The cooking, often <a href="/wiki/Pungency" title="Pungency">spicy</a> and seasoned, results from soaking meat or fish for hours before cooking, to enhance its flavour. Typical dishes are: fish blaff, dombrés, bébélé (from Marie-Galante),<sup id="cite_ref-:3_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> colombo (equivalent to Indian curry) and matété (rice cooked with crab). As for appetizers or snacks, there are morcillas criollas, accras, cassava cakes and bokit. </p><p>As for desserts, there are blancmange, sorbets or various fruit salads. Pastries include pâtés with jam, tournament d'amour (in Les Saintes), caca bœuf (in Marie-Galante)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or sacristain. <i>Pain natté</i>, a local brioche bread, is often eaten. </p><p> There are local productions of candied fruits (elderberry, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, carambola) and jams (guava, banana, coconut). Sorbets such as coconut sherbet or snowball made with crushed ice to which a syrup (mint, grenadine) is added are also consumed. Sweets include <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> sugar, kilibibi and konkada (of Beninese origin).</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:March%C3%A9_de_la_Darse_(%C3%A9pices).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/March%C3%A9_de_la_Darse_%28%C3%A9pices%29.jpg/220px-March%C3%A9_de_la_Darse_%28%C3%A9pices%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/March%C3%A9_de_la_Darse_%28%C3%A9pices%29.jpg/330px-March%C3%A9_de_la_Darse_%28%C3%A9pices%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/March%C3%A9_de_la_Darse_%28%C3%A9pices%29.jpg/440px-March%C3%A9_de_la_Darse_%28%C3%A9pices%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Darse Market, Pointe-à-Pitre.</figcaption></figure><p>In the category of <a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">beverages</a>, the consumption of soft drinks is very important in Guadeloupe, as well as that of a drink locally nicknamed black beer. In addition, it is not uncommon to see vendors of sugar cane juice or coconut water on the roads. Chaudeau is consumed on special occasions (weddings, baptisms, communions) and is a Guadeloupean-style eggnog eaten with a whipped cake (génoise). The <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>, whose consumption is culturally imbricated in the Guadeloupean society, comes in particular from one of the ten distilleries distributed in the Guadeloupean territory and that produce the rums of Guadeloupe. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivities">Festivities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Festivities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Christmas, families and friends gather during the chanté Nwel, an opportunity to sing <a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">carols</a> and celebrate. After the <a href="/wiki/Vacation" title="Vacation">vacations</a>, rehearsals begin for the Guadeloupe carnival. Carnival groups parade through the streets every Sunday afternoon until the Carnival festivities in February or March. For example, the groups with skins, the Akiyo group are groups composed only of large percussion and lambi shell instruments. They have the particularity of having no brass instruments in the band, no choreography, they often parade without themed costumes. Since 2014, the Carnival in kabwèt of Marie-Galante has been registered in the inventory of the <a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">intangible heritage</a> of France at <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shrove Tuesday is the big party where carnival groups compete in the main town, <a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a>, or in Pointe-à-Pitre, for the best costumes, the best music or the best choreography whose theme is imposed by the carnival committees. The next day, on Ash Wednesday, the day that ends the carnival, the mascot king of the carnival nicknamed Vaval is burned, which signals the end of the festivities, everyone parades in black and white (to mark Vaval's mourning), and then the forty days of Lent begin. Most of the population is <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and respects this period. But, given the great fondness for festivities, on the "Thursday of Lent" a parade is organized in red and black identical to that of Carnival, with groups of musicians preceded by people parading. </p><p>After this period of deprivation, the Easter celebrations take place, during which families usually go camping on the beach and eat traditional and very popular dishes based on crabs: matété (rice cooked with crab), calalou (crabs with wooden leaves accompanied by white rice) or dombrés with crabs (small balls of flour cooked with crab). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osaka07_D2M_Christine_Arron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Osaka07_D2M_Christine_Arron.jpg/170px-Osaka07_D2M_Christine_Arron.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Osaka07_D2M_Christine_Arron.jpg/255px-Osaka07_D2M_Christine_Arron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Osaka07_D2M_Christine_Arron.jpg/340px-Osaka07_D2M_Christine_Arron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1653" data-file-height="2041" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christine_Arron" title="Christine Arron">Christine Arron</a>, the world's fifth-fastest female 100-metre (330-foot) sprinter (10.73 sec)</figcaption></figure> <p>Football is popular in Guadeloupe, and several notable footballers are of Guadeloupean origin, including <a href="/wiki/Marius_Tr%C3%A9sor" title="Marius Trésor">Marius Trésor</a>, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Auvray" title="Stéphane Auvray">Stéphane Auvray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Zubar" title="Ronald Zubar">Ronald Zubar</a> and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Zubar" title="Stéphane Zubar">Stéphane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Comminges" title="Miguel Comminges">Miguel Comminges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Foulquier" title="Dimitri Foulquier">Dimitri Foulquier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lambourde" title="Bernard Lambourde">Bernard Lambourde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Martial" title="Anthony Martial">Anthony Martial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Lacazette" title="Alexandre Lacazette">Alexandre Lacazette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Henry" title="Thierry Henry">Thierry Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Thuram" title="Lilian Thuram">Lilian Thuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Gallas" title="William Gallas">William Gallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Layvin_Kurzawa" title="Layvin Kurzawa">Layvin Kurzawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikael_Silvestre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikael Silvestre">Mikael Silvestre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lemar" title="Thomas Lemar">Thomas Lemar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathys_Tel" title="Mathys Tel">Mathys Tel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Coman" title="Kingsley Coman">Kingsley Coman</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Regis" title="David Regis">David Regis</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_national_football_team" title="Guadeloupe national football team">Guadeloupe football team</a> were <a href="/wiki/2007_CONCACAF_Gold_Cup" title="2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup">2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup</a> semi-finalists, defeated by <a href="/wiki/Mexican_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican national football team">Mexico</a>. </p><p>Basketball is popular. Best known players are the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> players <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Gobert" title="Rudy Gobert">Rudy Gobert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micka%C3%ABl_Pi%C3%A9trus" title="Mickaël Piétrus">Mickaël Piétrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Petro" title="Johan Petro">Johan Petro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodrigue_Beaubois" title="Rodrigue Beaubois">Rodrigue Beaubois</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mickael_Gelabale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mickael Gelabale">Mickael Gelabale</a> (now playing in Russia), who were born on the island. </p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> athletes, such as <a href="/wiki/Marie-Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rec" title="Marie-José Pérec">Marie-José Pérec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Girard-L%C3%A9no" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Girard-Léno">Patricia Girard-Léno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Arron" title="Christine Arron">Christine Arron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wilhem_Belocian" title="Wilhem Belocian">Wilhem Belocian</a>, are also Guadeloupe natives. </p><p>The island has produced many world-class <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yannick_Borel" title="Yannick Borel">Yannick Borel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J%C3%A9rent" title="Daniel Jérent">Daniel Jérent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ysaora_Thibus" title="Ysaora Thibus">Ysaora Thibus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anita_Blaze" title="Anita Blaze">Anita Blaze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Lefort" title="Enzo Lefort">Enzo Lefort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Flessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Laura Flessel">Laura Flessel</a> were all born and raised in Guadeloupe. According to Olympic gold medalist and world champion Yannick Borel, there is a good fencing school and a culture of fencing in Guadeloupe.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though Guadeloupe is part of France, it has its own sports teams. <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Guadeloupe" title="Rugby union in Guadeloupe">Rugby union</a> is a small but rapidly growing sport in Guadeloupe. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A9lodrome_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Detraux_2015_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/V%C3%A9lodrome_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Detraux_2015_01.jpg/220px-V%C3%A9lodrome_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Detraux_2015_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/V%C3%A9lodrome_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Detraux_2015_01.jpg/330px-V%C3%A9lodrome_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Detraux_2015_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/V%C3%A9lodrome_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Detraux_2015_01.jpg/440px-V%C3%A9lodrome_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Detraux_2015_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Amédée Detraux Velodrome</figcaption></figure> <p>The island is internationally known for hosting the Karujet Race – Jet Ski World Championship since 1998. This nine-stage, four-day event attracts competitors from around the world (mostly Caribbeans, Americans, and Europeans). The Karujet, generally made up of seven races around the island, has an established reputation as one of the most difficult championships in which to compete. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Route_du_Rhum" title="Route du Rhum">Route du Rhum</a> is one of the most prominent nautical French sporting events, occurring every four years. </p><p>Bodybuilder <a href="/wiki/Serge_Nubret" title="Serge Nubret">Serge Nubret</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Anse-Bertrand" title="Anse-Bertrand">Anse-Bertrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grande-Terre" title="Grande-Terre">Grande-Terre</a>, representing the French state in various bodybuilding competitions throughout the 1960s and 1970s including the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_BodyBuilding_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness">IFBB</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mr._Olympia" title="Mr. Olympia">Mr. Olympia</a> contest, taking 3rd place every year from 1972 to 1974, and 2nd place in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bodybuilder <a href="/wiki/Marie_Mahabir" title="Marie Mahabir">Marie-Laure Mahabir</a> also hails from Guadeloupe. </p><p>The country has a passion for cycling. It hosted the French Cycling Championships in 2009 and continues to host the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Guadeloupe" title="Tour de Guadeloupe">Tour de Guadeloupe</a> every year. </p><p>Guadeloupe continues to host the Orange <a href="/wiki/Open_de_Guadeloupe" title="Open de Guadeloupe">Open de Guadeloupe</a> tennis tournament (since 2011). </p><p>The Tour of Guadeloupe sailing, which was founded in 1981. </p><p>In boxing, <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Proto" title="Ludovic Proto">Ludovic Proto</a> – as an amateur, he competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics in the men's light welterweight division. As a professional, he was a former French and European welterweight champion; </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Del%C3%A9" title="Gilbert Delé">Gilbert Delé</a> – as a professional, he was a former French and European light-middleweight champion, then he won the WBA world light-middleweight title in 1991; </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Mormeck" title="Jean-Marc Mormeck">Jean-Marc Mormeck</a> – as a professional, he was a former French light heavyweight champion and two-time unified world cruiserweight champion—held the WBA, WBC, and <i>The Ring</i> titles twice between 2005 and 2007). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guadeloupe" title="Transport in Guadeloupe">Transport in Guadeloupe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie-Galante.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marie-Galante.JPG/220px-Marie-Galante.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marie-Galante.JPG/330px-Marie-Galante.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marie-Galante.JPG/440px-Marie-Galante.JPG 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>A road on Marie-Galante</figcaption></figure> <p>Guadeloupe is served by a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Guadeloupe" title="List of airports in Guadeloupe">airports</a>; most international flights use <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre_International_Airport" title="Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport">Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boats and cruise ships frequent the islands, using the ports at Pointe-à-Pitre and Basse-Terre.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_4-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 September 2013 the county government voted in favour of constructing a tramway in <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>. The first phase will link northern <a href="/wiki/Les_Abymes" title="Les Abymes">Abymes</a> to downtown Pointe-à-Pitre by 2019. The second phase, scheduled for completion in 2023, will extend the line to serve the university.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Guadeloupe academic region includes only the Guadeloupe academy. It employs 9,618 people and its operating budget was €714.3 million for 2018–2019. The territory has 300 elementary schools, including 1 private <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a> under contract and 14 private elementary schools under contract. It also has 52 middle schools, including 6 private under contract. And finally, it has 38 high schools, 13 of which are private under contract.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2018–2019 school year were enrolled at Guadeloupe Academy: </p> <ul><li>45,510 students in primary education;<sup id="cite_ref-:4_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_de_Saint-Claude.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_de_Saint-Claude.JPG/220px-M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_de_Saint-Claude.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_de_Saint-Claude.JPG/330px-M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_de_Saint-Claude.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_de_Saint-Claude.JPG/440px-M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que_de_Saint-Claude.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>View of the University of the West Indies and Guiana, Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe</figcaption></figure>45,626 students in secondary education;<sup id="cite_ref-:4_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2,718 graduate students in high school.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Since 2014, the academy has 12 districts divided into 5 poles:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Pôle Îles du Nord<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">St. Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">St. Barthélemy</a>);</li> <li>The Basse-Terre Nord Pole<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Baie-Mahault, Capesterre-Belle-Eau and Sainte-Rose) ;</li> <li>The South Pole of Basse-Terre:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Basse-Terre and Bouillante (including the islands of Les Saintes);</li> <li>The North Pole of Grande-Terre:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grande-Terre Nord, Sainte-Anne and Saint-François (including the islands of La Désirade and Marie-Galante);</li> <li>The South Pole of Grande-Terre:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les Abymes, Gosier and Pointe-à-Pitre.</li></ul> <p>The islands of Guadeloupe are also home to two campuses of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_French_Antilles" title="University of the French Antilles">University of the French Antilles</a>, Camp-Jacob in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Claude,_Guadeloupe" title="Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe">Saint-Claude</a> and Fouillole in <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>, the latter being the headquarters of the institution.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Student residences are located around each campus. Furthermore, a satellite campus dedicated to healthcare is located in the vicinity of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_hospitalier_universitaire_de_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre hospitalier universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre (page does not exist)">University Hospital Centre of Pointe-à-Pitre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_universitaire_de_Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" class="extiw" title="fr:Centre hospitalier universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre">fr</a>]</span>, many schools for apprentices are located throughout the archipelago, an Arts and Crafts Centre acting as local school for fine art is located in Bergevin, <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>, and, finally, three sites of the regional second chance school are implanted in various high schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island has great potential for solar, wind and marine energy, but by 2018, <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> and coal energy and petroleum hydrocarbons are still the most used. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usine_g%C3%A9othermique_de_Bouillante_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Usine_g%C3%A9othermique_de_Bouillante_4.JPG/220px-Usine_g%C3%A9othermique_de_Bouillante_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Usine_g%C3%A9othermique_de_Bouillante_4.JPG/330px-Usine_g%C3%A9othermique_de_Bouillante_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Usine_g%C3%A9othermique_de_Bouillante_4.JPG/440px-Usine_g%C3%A9othermique_de_Bouillante_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>Bouillante geothermal power plant, Guadeloupe</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">Energy transition</a> Law (TECV) provides for 50% renewable energy by 2020 in the territory. And the Guadeloupe EPP plans to develop 66 MW of additional biomass capacity between 2018 and 2023, including 43 MW to replace coal. </p><p>For example, the <a href="/wiki/Albioma" title="Albioma">Albioma</a> Caraïbes (AC) coal-fired power plant will be converted to biomass to help increase the share of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewables</a> in Guadeloupe's energy mix from 20.5% to 35%, thereby mitigating the island's dependence on fossil fuels and reducing acidic air pollution and the production of toxic and bottom ash.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This 34 MW power plant, producing 260 GWh/year of electricity in 2018 (i.e. 15% of the island's needs), should reduce 265 000 t of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub></a> equivalent/year throughout the chain (−87% once converted to biomass compared to the previous situation, coal). </p><p>Guadeloupe has an electricity production plant, in Le Moule, based on the sugar cane agricultural sector, which recovers the residues from sugar cane crushing (<a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">bagasse</a>) to produce energy; 12 wind farms, such as in Désirade, Le Moule or Marie-Galante; a geothermal power plant in Bouillante, which uses the energy of water vapor produced by volcanic activity (the plant's electricity production ranks it first nationally); a project to harness the energy of waves and ocean currents; photovoltaic installations that contribute to the operation of solar water heaters for homes and to the development of the electric vehicle sector.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electricity produced by <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a>, which represents 2.2% of total production, comes from dams built on the beds of certain rivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drinking_water_supply">Drinking water supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Drinking water supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The water distributed by Guadeloupe's <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a> network comes mainly from Basse Terre, 70% from river intakes and 20% from spring catchments. The remaining 10% comes from boreholes tapping the groundwater of Grande Terre and Marie-Galante. </p><p>Access to water and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> is problematic due to the deteriorated state of the network, which causes many losses in the water supply system. For years, water shortages have been recurrent and have forced "water shifts", mainly in the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Grande-Terre" title="Grande-Terre">Grande-Terre</a>, which are the most affected, with consequences for private individuals and agricultural activities. </p><p>According to statistics from the Water Office (2020 data), 61% of drinking water production is wasted, i.e., almost 50 million cubic metres of water per year, due to pipes in poor condition. In addition, 70% of wastewater treatment plants do not meet standards.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Police_and_crime">Police and crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Police and crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Guadeloupe is one of the safest islands in the Caribbean,<sup id="cite_ref-Graff_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graff-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was the most <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violent</a> overseas French <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murder rate is significantly higher than that of Paris, at 8.2 per 100,000. The high level of unemployment caused violence and crime to rise, especially in 2009 and 2010, the years following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents of Guadeloupe describe the island as a place with little everyday crime, and most violence is caused by the drug trade or domestic disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-Graff_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graff-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, additional police officers were deployed to the island in the face of rioting arising out of COVID-19 restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Normally, about 2,000 police officers are present on the island including some 760 active <a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">National Gendarmerie</a> of the COMGEND (Gendarmerie Command of Guadeloupe) region plus around 260 reservists. The active Gendarmerie include three Mobile Gendarmerie Squadrons (EGM) and a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(France)" title="Republican Guard (France)">Republican Guard</a> Intervention Platoon (PIGR).<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Gendarmerie" title="Maritime Gendarmerie">Maritime Gendarmerie</a> deploys the patrol boat <i>Violette</i> in the territory, which is planned for replacement by a new PCG-NG patrol boat in about 2025–2026.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba">"Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 4 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231213042708/https://static.data.gouv.fr/resources/repertoire-national-des-elus-1/20231130-131054/elus-conseillers-departementaux-cd.csv">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+regions+by+GDP%2C+Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftgs00003%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_4-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Guadeloupe">"Encyclopedia Britannica – Guadeloupe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403223745/https://www.britannica.com/place/Guadeloupe">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2022</span>. <q>[...] Gwada, as locals call Guadeloupe [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guadeloupe%3A+These+tiny+islands+are+the+French+Caribbean%27s+greatest+secret&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fguadeloupe-what-to-do-and-see%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-region-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-region_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regionguadeloupe.fr/guadeloupe-regional-council/guadeloupe-a-land-of-history/#_">"Gaudeloupe, a land of history"</a>. <i>Region Guadeloupe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191230174838/https://www.regionguadeloupe.fr/guadeloupe-regional-council/guadeloupe-a-land-of-history/#_">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Atlas&rft.atitle=Guadeloupe+History+Timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Fwebimage%2Fcountrys%2Fnamerica%2Fcaribb%2Fguadeloupe%2Fgptimeln.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La Guadeloupe: renseignements sur l'histoire, la flore, la faune, la géologie, la minéralogie, l'agriculture, le commerce, l'industrie, la législation, l'administration, Volume 1, Partie 2, de Jules Ballet (Imprimerie du gouvernement, 1895) (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwendolyn_Midlo_Hall1971" class="citation book cs1">Gwendolyn Midlo Hall (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialcontrolins0000hall"><i>Social Control in Slave Plantation Societies: A Comparison of St. Domingue and Cuba</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caribya%21&rft.atitle=History+of+Guadeloupe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaribya.com%2Fguadeloupe%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lp-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lp_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lp_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/guadeloupe/background/history/a/nar/4ac48e5e-dc54-42ad-a21c-39c9a1071157/358055">"Guadeloupe > History"</a>. Lonely Planet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416233804/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/guadeloupe/background/history/a/nar/4ac48e5e-dc54-42ad-a21c-39c9a1071157/358055">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guadeloupe+%3E+History&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fguadeloupe%2Fbackground%2Fhistory%2Fa%2Fnar%2F4ac48e5e-dc54-42ad-a21c-39c9a1071157%2F358055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ooth-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ooth_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris">"Treaty of Paris, 1763"</a>. <i>Office of the Historian</i>. United States Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411040534/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Paris%2C+1763&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1750-1775%2Ftreaty-of-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Auguste Lacour, <i>Histoire de la Guadeloupe</i>, vol. 1 (1635–1789). Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1855 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cch7AAAAMAAJ">full text at Google Books</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231213042713/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cch7AAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> 13 December 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 236<i>ff</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoitt1996" class="citation journal cs1">Moitt, Bernard (1996). David Barry Gaspar (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/morethanchattelb0000unse/page/243">"Slave women and Resistance in the French Caribbean"</a>. <i>More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas</i>. Indiana University Press: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/morethanchattelb0000unse/page/243">243</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-33017-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-33017-3"><bdi>0-253-33017-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=More+Than+Chattel%3A+Black+Women+and+Slavery+in+the+Americas&rft.atitle=Slave+women+and+Resistance+in+the+French+Caribbean&rft.pages=243&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-253-33017-3&rft.aulast=Moitt&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmorethanchattelb0000unse%2Fpage%2F243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201110021156/https://www.mmoe.llc.ed.ac.uk/en/memory/memorial-homage-delgr%C3%A8s-basse-terre">"Memorial in homage to Delgrès – Basse Terre – Cartographie des Mémoires de l'Esclavage"</a>. University of Edinburgh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mmoe.llc.ed.ac.uk/en/memory/memorial-homage-delgr%C3%A8s-basse-terre">the original</a> on 10 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorial+in+homage+to+Delgr%C3%A8s+%E2%80%93+Basse+Terre+%E2%80%93+Cartographie+des+M%C3%A9moires+de+l%27Esclavage&rft.pub=University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmoe.llc.ed.ac.uk%2Fen%2Fmemory%2Fmemorial-homage-delgr%25C3%25A8s-basse-terre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindqvist2015" class="citation book cs1">Lindqvist, Herman (2015). <i>Våra kolonier: de vi hade och de som aldrig blev av</i>. Albert Bonniers Förlag. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789100155346" title="Special:BookSources/9789100155346"><bdi>9789100155346</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V%C3%A5ra+kolonier%3A+de+vi+hade+och+de+som+aldrig+blev+av&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Albert+Bonniers+F%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789100155346&rft.aulast=Lindqvist&rft.aufirst=Herman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnie_Philip2014" class="citation news cs1">Annie Philip (31 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/remembering-the-journey-to-guadeloupe/article6366891.ece">"Remembering the journey to Guadeloupe"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117043914/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/remembering-the-journey-to-guadeloupe/article6366891.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+journey+to+Guadeloupe&rft.date=2014-08-31&rft.au=Annie+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fpuducherry%2Fremembering-the-journey-to-guadeloupe%2Farticle6366891.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513093822/https://www.topnews.in/law/remote-french-island-reconnects-india-264156">"A remote French Island reconnects with India | TopNews"</a>. <i>topnews.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topnews.in/law/remote-french-island-reconnects-india-264156">the original</a> on 13 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=topnews.in&rft.atitle=A+remote+French+Island+reconnects+with+India+%26%23124%3B+TopNews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topnews.in%2Flaw%2Fremote-french-island-reconnects-india-264156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambre_de_commerce_et_d'industrie_de_la_Guyane" class="citation web cs1">Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Guyane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024324/http://www.guyane.cci.fr/fr/content/download/1857/11808/file/Dossier%20de%20presse%20FE.pdf">"DOSSIER DE PRESSE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guyane.cci.fr/fr/content/download/1857/11808/file/Dossier%20de%20presse%20FE.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOSSIER+DE+PRESSE&rft.au=Chambre+de+commerce+et+d%27industrie+de+la+Guyane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guyane.cci.fr%2Ffr%2Fcontent%2Fdownload%2F1857%2F11808%2Ffile%2FDossier%2520de%2520presse%2520FE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/fr/20090214-14-fevrier-1952-une-greve-guadeloupe-reprimee-le-sang">"14 février 1952: une grève en Guadeloupe réprimée dans le sang, France24.com, 14 février 2009"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=14+f%C3%A9vrier+1952%3A+une+gr%C3%A8ve+en+Guadeloupe+r%C3%A9prim%C3%A9e+dans+le+sang%2C+France24.com%2C+14+f%C3%A9vrier+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20090214-14-fevrier-1952-une-greve-guadeloupe-reprimee-le-sang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710153850/http://lepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr/1533307/Jeudi-14-fevrier-1952-au-Moule/">"Le petit lexique colonial – Jeudi 14 février 1952 au Moule | lepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr/1533307/Jeudi-14-fevrier-1952-au-Moule/">the original</a> on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+petit+lexique+colonial+%E2%80%93+Jeudi+14+f%C3%A9vrier+1952+au+Moule+%26%23124%3B+lepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flepetitlexiquecolonial.blogspace.fr%2F1533307%2FJeudi-14-fevrier-1952-au-Moule%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/speciales/social/guadeloupe_dom__la_crise/20090219.OBS5423/les_precedentes_emeutes_en_guadeloupe_1952_et_1967.html">"Source: Le Nouvel Observateur"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Source%3A+Le+Nouvel+Observateur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftempsreel.nouvelobs.com%2Fspeciales%2Fsocial%2Fguadeloupe_dom__la_crise%2F20090219.OBS5423%2Fles_precedentes_emeutes_en_guadeloupe_1952_et_1967.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/6/2/50-years-on-guadeloupeans-remember-french-brutality">"50 years on: Guadeloupeans remember French brutality"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105095258/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/6/2/50-years-on-guadeloupeans-remember-french-brutality">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50+years+on%3A+Guadeloupeans+remember+French+brutality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2017%2F6%2F2%2F50-years-on-guadeloupeans-remember-french-brutality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanite.fr/mai-1967-pointe-pitre-un-massacre-detat-636544">"Mai 1967 à Pointe-à-Pitre : " Un massacre d'Etat "<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in French). 25 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016005805/https://www.humanite.fr/mai-1967-pointe-pitre-un-massacre-detat-636544">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mai+1967+%C3%A0+Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre+%3A+%22+Un+massacre+d%27Etat+%22&rft.date=2017-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanite.fr%2Fmai-1967-pointe-pitre-un-massacre-detat-636544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFélix-Hilaire_Fortuné2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Félix-Hilaire Fortuné (2001). <i>La France et l'Outre-Mer antillais</i> [<i>France and the West Indies</i>] (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=En+Guadeloupe%2C+la+trag%C3%A9die+de+%22M%C3%A9+67%22+refoul%C3%A9e&rft.date=2009-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2009%2F05%2F26%2Fen-guadeloupe-la-tragedie-de-me-67-refoulee_1198153_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gk4fdgdkSoLI7uwcWr8DPvufQdAg?hl=en">Race, class fuel social conflict on French Caribbean islands</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221091147/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gk4fdgdkSoLI7uwcWr8DPvufQdAg?hl=en">Archived</a> 21 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> (AFP). 17 February 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirbon2009" class="citation news cs1">Shirbon, Estelle (13 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214175718/http://uk.reuters.com/article/marketsNewsUS/idUKLD40833620090213">"Paris fails to end island protests, seen spreading"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/marketsNewsUS/idUKLD40833620090213">the original</a> on 14 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Paris+fails+to+end+island+protests%2C+seen+spreading&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft.aulast=Shirbon&rft.aufirst=Estelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FmarketsNewsUS%2FidUKLD40833620090213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iht19-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iht19_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/19/america/france.php">"France proposes to raise salaries to end Guadeloupe violence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 19 February 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221065804/http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/19/america/france.php">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=France+proposes+to+raise+salaries+to+end+Guadeloupe+violence&rft.date=2009-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F02%2F19%2Famerica%2Ffrance.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visit-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-visit_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iQcNm7wF2_1t5AffHQZY1jZwd9Cw">Sarkozy offers autonomy vote for Martinique</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709063018/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iQcNm7wF2_1t5AffHQZY1jZwd9Cw">Archived</a> 9 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gag-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gag_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gag_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gag_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418022256/https://www.leguideguadeloupe.com/en/geography-and-geology/">"Geography and geology"</a>. <i>Le Guide Guadeloupe</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Guide+Guadeloupe&rft.atitle=Geography+and+geology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leguideguadeloupe.com%2Fen%2Fgeography-and-geology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieuvan_Wyk_de_VriesMannessiezMazzoni2013" class="citation journal cs1">Mathieu, Lucie; van Wyk de Vries, Benjamin; Mannessiez, Claire; Mazzoni, Nelly; Savry, Cécile; Troll, Valentin R. (5 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0700-y">"The structure and morphology of the Basse Terre Island, Lesser Antilles volcanic arc"</a>. <i>Bulletin of Volcanology</i>. <b>75</b> (3): 700. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BVol...75..700M">2013BVol...75..700M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00445-013-0700-y">10.1007/s00445-013-0700-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1432-0819">1432-0819</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129467145">129467145</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231213042707/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00445-013-0700-y">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Volcanology&rft.atitle=The+structure+and+morphology+of+the+Basse+Terre+Island%2C+Lesser+Antilles+volcanic+arc&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=700&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00445-013-0700-y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129467145%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1432-0819&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013BVol...75..700M&rft.aulast=Mathieu&rft.aufirst=Lucie&rft.au=van+Wyk+de+Vries%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Mannessiez%2C+Claire&rft.au=Mazzoni%2C+Nelly&rft.au=Savry%2C+C%C3%A9cile&rft.au=Troll%2C+Valentin+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs00445-013-0700-y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jussieu-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jussieu_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/~beaudu/download/2004_Komorowski_VHA.pdf">"Guadeloupe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Institut de physique du globe de Paris</i>. Universite de Paris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061120120412/http://www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/~beaudu/download/2004_Komorowski_VHA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institut+de+physique+du+globe+de+Paris&rft.atitle=Guadeloupe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipgp.jussieu.fr%2F~beaudu%2Fdownload%2F2004_Komorowski_VHA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamperQuidelleurLahitteMollex2007" class="citation journal cs1">Samper, A.; Quidelleur, X.; Lahitte, P.; Mollex, D. (2007). "Timing of effusive volcanism and collapse events within an oceanic arc island: Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe archipelago (Lesser Antilles Arc)". <i>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</i>. <b>258</b> (1–2): 175–191. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007E&PSL.258..175S">2007E&PSL.258..175S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2007.03.030">10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.atitle=Timing+of+effusive+volcanism+and+collapse+events+within+an+oceanic+arc+island%3A+Basse-Terre%2C+Guadeloupe+archipelago+%28Lesser+Antilles+Arc%29&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=175-191&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2007.03.030&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007E%26PSL.258..175S&rft.aulast=Samper&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Quidelleur%2C+X.&rft.au=Lahitte%2C+P.&rft.au=Mollex%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brgm-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brgm_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brgm_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourdonBouchotGadaliaSanjuan" class="citation web cs1">Bourdon, E; Bouchot, V; Gadalia, A; Sanjuan, B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419001006/http://calamar.univ-ag.fr/cgc2011/images/stories/ft-bouillante.pdf">"Geology and geothermal activity of the Bouillante Volcanic Chain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calamar.univ-ag.fr/cgc2011/images/stories/ft-bouillante.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geology+and+geothermal+activity+of+the+Bouillante+Volcanic+Chain&rft.aulast=Bourdon&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Bouchot%2C+V&rft.au=Gadalia%2C+A&rft.au=Sanjuan%2C+B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalamar.univ-ag.fr%2Fcgc2011%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fft-bouillante.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403033951/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/mx_cam/guadeloupe_e.htm">"Climatological Information for Guadeloupe"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/mx_cam/guadeloupe_e.htm">the original</a> on 3 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatological+Information+for+Guadeloupe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov.hk%2Fwxinfo%2Fclimat%2Fworld%2Feng%2Fs_america%2Fmx_cam%2Fguadeloupe_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml">"The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996"</a>. <i>nhc.noaa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200315153605/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhc.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=The+Deadliest+Atlantic+Tropical+Cyclones%2C+1492%E2%80%931996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Fpastdeadlyapp1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Guadeloupe">"Guadeloupe"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212151457/https://www.britannica.com/place/Guadeloupe">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Guadeloupe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGuadeloupe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorentin_Bochaton2021" class="citation news cs1">Corentin Bochaton; et al. (2021). "Large-scale reptile extinctions following European colonization of the Guadeloupe Islands". Vol. 7, no. 21. Science Advances. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abg2111">10.1126/sciadv.abg2111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Large-scale+reptile+extinctions+following+European+colonization+of+the+Guadeloupe+Islands&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=21&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abg2111&rft.au=Corentin+Bochaton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Un rapport s’alarme de « la dégradation généralisée » des masses d’eau en Guadeloupe, <i>Le Monde</i>, 10 septembre 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/642">"Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin de la Guadeloupe | Service d'information sur les Sites Ramsar"</a>. <i>rsis.ramsar.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210523195307/https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/642">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rsis.ramsar.org&rft.atitle=Grand+Cul-de-Sac+Marin+de+la+Guadeloupe+%7C+Service+d%27information+sur+les+Sites+Ramsar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsis.ramsar.org%2Ffr%2Fris%2F642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuadeloupe2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guadeloupe, DEAL de (26 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guadeloupe.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/les-plans-de-prevention-des-risques-naturels-a382.html">"Les plans de prévention des risques naturels – Présentation générale"</a>. <i>guadeloupe.developpement-durable.gouv.fr</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526001319/http://www.guadeloupe.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/les-plans-de-prevention-des-risques-naturels-a382.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guadeloupe.developpement-durable.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Les+plans+de+pr%C3%A9vention+des+risques+naturels+%E2%80%93+Pr%C3%A9sentation+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft.aulast=Guadeloupe&rft.aufirst=DEAL+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guadeloupe.developpement-durable.gouv.fr%2Fles-plans-de-prevention-des-risques-naturels-a382.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2011/03/16/97001-20110316FILWWW00323-seisme-ressenti-en-guadeloupe.php">"Séisme ressenti en Guadeloupe"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i> (in French). 16 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526001319/https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2011/03/16/97001-20110316FILWWW00323-seisme-ressenti-en-guadeloupe.php">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=S%C3%A9isme+ressenti+en+Guadeloupe&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2011%2F03%2F16%2F97001-20110316FILWWW00323-seisme-ressenti-en-guadeloupe.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=DEP-971#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968: Guadeloupe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708013752/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=DEP-971#ancre-POP_T1">Archived</a> 8 July 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2011" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Regine (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ6tAgAAQBAJ"><i>Geographies of Haitian Diaspora</i></a>. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-80788-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-80788-6"><bdi>978-1-136-80788-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231213042714/https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ6tAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographies+of+Haitian+Diaspora&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-136-80788-6&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Regine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOQ6tAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2019press-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2019press_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> (29 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6012504">"Recensement de la population en Guadeloupe : 384 239 habitants au 1ᵉʳ janvier 2019"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706061535/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6012504">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recensement+de+la+population+en+Guadeloupe+%3A+384+239+habitants+au+1%E1%B5%89%CA%B3+janvier+2019&rft.date=2021-12-29&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F6012504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=METRO-1#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968: France métropolitaine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708013749/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=METRO-1#ancre-POP_T1">Archived</a> 8 July 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/unite-urbaine-2020/9A701-pointe-a-pitre-les-abymes">Unité urbaine 2020 de Pointe-à-Pitre-Les Abymes (9A701)</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-625696,5507794,555410,483962&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2019&t=A01&view=map12">"Statistiques locales: France par unité urbaine, population municipale 2019"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004346/https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-625696,5507794,555410,483962&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2019&t=A01&view=map12">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales%3A+France+par+unit%C3%A9+urbaine%2C+population+municipale+2019&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-625696%2C5507794%2C555410%2C483962%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_legales.popmun%26s%3D2019%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INSEE-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INSEE_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/theme.asp?theme=2">"Population"</a>. Insee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064159/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/theme.asp?theme=2">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population&rft.pub=Insee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Ftheme.asp%3Ftheme%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanguardhealthcare.co.uk/resources/centre-hopital-universitaire-point-a-pitre-chu-in-guadeloupe/">"Centre Hospital Universitaire Point a pitre Chu in Guadeloupe"</a>. <i>Vanguard Healthcare</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanguard+Healthcare&rft.atitle=Centre+Hospital+Universitaire+Point+a+pitre+Chu+in+Guadeloupe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardhealthcare.co.uk%2Fresources%2Fcentre-hopital-universitaire-point-a-pitre-chu-in-guadeloupe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pasteur_Institute_of_Guadeloupe-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pasteur_Institute_of_Guadeloupe_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRastogi" class="citation web cs1">Rastogi, Nalin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr/">"Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe"</a>. <i>Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe</i>. Rastogi, Nalin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201141102/http://www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institut+Pasteur+de+la+Guadeloupe&rft.atitle=Institut+Pasteur+de+la+Guadeloupe&rft.aulast=Rastogi&rft.aufirst=Nalin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr/fr/page-102.html">"Atlas Caraïbe"</a>. <i>atlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608192617/http://atlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr/fr/page-102.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr&rft.atitle=Atlas+Cara%C3%AFbe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr%2Ffr%2Fpage-102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150225045244/http://www.islandscommission.org/pub/docs/80_95_fr_presentation_guadeloupe.pdf">"L'immigration en Guadeloupe, sur islandscommission.org (La inmigración en Guadalupe, en islandscommission.org)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandscommission.org/pub/docs/80_95_fr_presentation_guadeloupe.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27immigration+en+Guadeloupe%2C+sur+islandscommission.org+%28La+inmigraci%C3%B3n+en+Guadalupe%2C+en+islandscommission.org%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islandscommission.org%2Fpub%2Fdocs%2F80_95_fr_presentation_guadeloupe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBocandé2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bocandé, Anne (7 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africultures.com/peyi-an-nou-bumidom-bd/">"Péyi an nou: le Bumidom en BD"</a>. <i>Africultures</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421082023/http://africultures.com/peyi-an-nou-bumidom-bd/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africultures&rft.atitle=P%C3%A9yi+an+nou%3A+le+Bumidom+en+BD&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft.aulast=Bocand%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafricultures.com%2Fpeyi-an-nou-bumidom-bd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/2014/08/14/aout-1914-les-guadeloupeens-et-martiniquais-oublies-du-canal-de-panama-175726.html">"Août 1914 : les Guadeloupéens et Martiniquais oubliés du Canal de Panama"</a>. 14 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228193737/http://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/2014/08/14/aout-1914-les-guadeloupeens-et-martiniquais-oublies-du-canal-de-panama-175726.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ao%C3%BBt+1914+%3A+les+Guadeloup%C3%A9ens+et+Martiniquais+oubli%C3%A9s+du+Canal+de+Panama&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Faout-1914-les-guadeloupeens-et-martiniquais-oublies-du-canal-de-panama-175726.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2019-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep971.pdf">Populations légales 2019: 971 Guadeloupe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712144857/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep971.pdf">Archived</a> 12 July 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231450/https://limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr/ressources/tableau-des-superficies">"Tableau des superficies | limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr"</a>. <i>limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr/ressources/tableau-des-superficies">the original</a> on 3 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Tableau+des+superficies+%7C+limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flimitesmaritimes.gouv.fr%2Fressources%2Ftableau-des-superficies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inea.gob.ve/ineaWEB/downloads/internacionales/convenios/venezuela_francia.pdf">"France-Venezuela Boundary Treaty of 1980"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France-Venezuela+Boundary+Treaty+of+1980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inea.gob.ve%2FineaWEB%2Fdownloads%2Finternacionales%2Fconvenios%2Fvenezuela_francia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFétrangères" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">étrangères, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/ameriques/amerique-centrale-et-caraibes/la-france-et-les-caraibes/">"La France et les Caraïbes"</a>. <i>France Diplomatie – Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210801105110/https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/ameriques/amerique-centrale-et-caraibes/la-france-et-les-caraibes/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Diplomatie+%E2%80%93+Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27Europe+et+des+Affaires+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res&rft.atitle=La+France+et+les+Cara%C3%AFbes&rft.aulast=%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res&rft.aufirst=Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27Europe+et+des+Affaires&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdossiers-pays%2Fameriques%2Famerique-centrale-et-caraibes%2Fla-france-et-les-caraibes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexteArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006527453&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071194">"Constitution du 4 octobre 1958"</a> [Constitution of 4 October 1958]. <i>legifrance.gouv.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190611030258/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexteArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006527453&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071194">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legifrance.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Constitution+du+4+octobre+1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexteArticle.do%3FidArticle%3DLEGIARTI000006527453%26cidTexte%3DLEGITEXT000006071194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/flags/guadeloupe">"Flags, Symbols, & Currencies of Guadeloupe"</a>. <i>WorldAtlas</i>. 25 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425135348/https://www.worldatlas.com/flags/guadeloupe">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft.atitle=Flags%2C+Symbols%2C+%26+Currencies+of+Guadeloupe&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Fflags%2Fguadeloupe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceguyane.fr/actualite/politique/polemique-au-suriname-autour-du-drapeau-independantiste-guadeloupeen-289620.php">"Polémique au Suriname autour du drapeau indépendantiste guadeloupéen"</a>. <i>franceguyane.fr</i> (in French). 3 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612131648/https://www.franceguyane.fr/actualite/politique/polemique-au-suriname-autour-du-drapeau-independantiste-guadeloupeen-289620.php">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=franceguyane.fr&rft.atitle=Pol%C3%A9mique+au+Suriname+autour+du+drapeau+ind%C3%A9pendantiste+guadeloup%C3%A9en&rft.date=2016-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceguyane.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Fpolemique-au-suriname-autour-du-drapeau-independantiste-guadeloupeen-289620.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gdp-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gdp_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gdp_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> (October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/version-html/3636840/ga_ina_32.pdf">"Insee Analyses Guadeloupe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922080906/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/version-html/3636840/ga_ina_32.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Insee+Analyses+Guadeloupe&rft.date=2018-10&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2Ffichier%2Fversion-html%2F3636840%2Fga_ina_32.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruisecritic.com/ports/newport.cfm?ID=21">"Guadeloupe Cruise Port"</a>. <i>cruisecritic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212151417/https://www.cruisecritic.com/ports/newport.cfm?ID=21">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cruisecritic&rft.atitle=Guadeloupe+Cruise+Port&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruisecritic.com%2Fports%2Fnewport.cfm%3FID%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grain.org/en/article/713-the-food-crisis-in-guadeloupe">"The food crisis in Guadeloupe"</a>. <i>grain.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606181505/https://grain.org/en/article/713-the-food-crisis-in-guadeloupe">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=grain.org&rft.atitle=The+food+crisis+in+Guadeloupe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrain.org%2Fen%2Farticle%2F713-the-food-crisis-in-guadeloupe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/amsudant/creole.htm">"Créole"</a>. <i>axl.cefan.ulaval.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614095117/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/amsudant/creole.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=axl.cefan.ulaval.ca&rft.atitle=Cr%C3%A9ole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca%2Famsudant%2Fcreole.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manahan, Kathe. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ARDA+website.+Retrieved+2023-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2Fworld-religion%2Fnational-profiles%3Fu%3D96c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbass.html">"Diocese of Basse-Terre (et Pointe-à-Pitre)"</a>. <i>Catholic Hierarchy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818133759/http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbass.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Hierarchy&rft.atitle=Diocese+of+Basse-Terre+%28et+Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdbass.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226201416/http://www.catholique-guadeloupe.info/">"Neuvaine à l'Immaculée Conception (30 novembre au 8 décembre) 2016"</a>. <i>Diocese Guadeloupe</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholique-guadeloupe.info">the original</a> on 26 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diocese+Guadeloupe&rft.atitle=Neuvaine+%C3%A0+l%27Immacul%C3%A9e+Conception+%2830+novembre+au+8+d%C3%A9cembre%29+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholique-guadeloupe.info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellance2011" class="citation book cs1">Bellance, Hurard (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JUNMAQAAIAAJ"><i>La police des Noirs en Amérique (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guyane, Saint-Dominique) et en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pianeta+Scherma+International&rft.atitle=Yannick+Borel%3A+%22I+hope+the+Worlds+will+be+a+big+challenge%22&rft.date=2018-06-22&rft.aulast=Scarnecchia&rft.aufirst=Arianna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpianetascherma.com%2F2018%2F06%2F22%2Fepee-yannick-borel-i-tried-to-focus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getbig.com/results/e-mroly.htm">"Mr. Olympia Contest Results"</a>. <i>getbig.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170605130530/http://www.getbig.com/results/e-mroly.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=getbig.com&rft.atitle=Mr.+Olympia+Contest+Results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getbig.com%2Fresults%2Fe-mroly.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinaneBlumstein2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dinane, Nathalie; Blumstein, Emmanuel (10 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/actualite/societe/tramway-un-projet-sur-les-rails-pour-2019-232909.php">"Tramway, un projet sur les rails pour 2019"</a>. <i>France-Antilles</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202061445/http://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/actualite/societe/tramway-un-projet-sur-les-rails-pour-2019-232909.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France-Antilles&rft.atitle=Tramway%2C+un+projet+sur+les+rails+pour+2019&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.aulast=Dinane&rft.aufirst=Nathalie&rft.au=Blumstein%2C+Emmanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr%2Factualite%2Fsociete%2Ftramway-un-projet-sur-les-rails-pour-2019-232909.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac-guadeloupe.fr/">"ACADEMIE DE LA GUADELOUPE – RESULTATS DES EXAMENS 2021"</a>. <i>ac-guadeloupe.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624092353/http://www.ac-guadeloupe.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ac-guadeloupe.fr&rft.atitle=ACADEMIE+DE+LA+GUADELOUPE+%E2%80%93+RESULTATS+DES+EXAMENS+2021&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ac-guadeloupe.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snalc-detom.fr/documents/2018-2019_guadeloupe.pdf">"Les chiffres pour l'année 2018–2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803054122/http://snalc-detom.fr/documents/2018-2019_guadeloupe.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+chiffres+pour+l%27ann%C3%A9e+2018%E2%80%932019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnalc-detom.fr%2Fdocuments%2F2018-2019_guadeloupe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Académie de Guadeloupe, répartition des 12 circonscriptions, pdf.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-ag.fr/">"Université des Antilles"</a>. <i>Université des Antilles</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050119204937/http://www.univ-ag.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Universit%C3%A9+des+Antilles&rft.atitle=Universit%C3%A9+des+Antilles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-ag.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/afp/une-centrale-charbon-va-se-convertir-la-biomasse-en-guadeloupe-181115">"Une centrale à charbon va se convertir à la biomasse en Guadeloupe | Connaissances des énergies"</a>. <i>www.connaissancedesenergies.org</i> (in French). 15 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526153218/https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/afp/une-centrale-charbon-va-se-convertir-la-biomasse-en-guadeloupe-181115">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.connaissancedesenergies.org&rft.atitle=Une+centrale+%C3%A0+charbon+va+se+convertir+%C3%A0+la+biomasse+en+Guadeloupe+%7C+Connaissances+des+%C3%A9nergies&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.connaissancedesenergies.org%2Fafp%2Fune-centrale-charbon-va-se-convertir-la-biomasse-en-guadeloupe-181115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guadeloupe.ademe.fr/">"L'ADEME en Guadeloupe | Agence de la transition écologique"</a>. <i>www.guadeloupe.ademe.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725194117/https://guadeloupe.ademe.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.guadeloupe.ademe.fr&rft.atitle=L%27ADEME+en+Guadeloupe+%7C+Agence+de+la+transition+%C3%A9cologique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guadeloupe.ademe.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bastamag.net/Panorama-d-une-Guadeloupe-a-l-abandon-et-en-proie-a-la-corruption-ou-les-services-de-base-ne-sont-meme-plus-assures">"Panorama d'une Guadeloupe à l'abandon où les services de base ne sont même plus assurés"</a>. <i>Basta !</i> (in French). 17 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210808215815/https://www.bastamag.net/Panorama-d-une-Guadeloupe-a-l-abandon-et-en-proie-a-la-corruption-ou-les-services-de-base-ne-sont-meme-plus-assures">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basta+%21&rft.atitle=Panorama+d%27une+Guadeloupe+%C3%A0+l%27abandon+o%C3%B9+les+services+de+base+ne+sont+m%C3%AAme+plus+assur%C3%A9s&rft.date=2021-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bastamag.net%2FPanorama-d-une-Guadeloupe-a-l-abandon-et-en-proie-a-la-corruption-ou-les-services-de-base-ne-sont-meme-plus-assures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graff-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graff_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graff_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-01-08/death-in-paradise-ben-miller-on-investigating-the-deadliest-place-on-the-planet">Graff, Vincent. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Crime+and+unemployment+dog+Guadeloupe&rft.date=2011-12-28&rft.aulast=Borredon&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Fdec%2F27%2Fyoung-crime-unemployment-guadeloupe-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/21/france-to-send-special-forces-to-guadeloupe-after-looting-arson">"France to send special forces to Guadeloupe after looting, arson"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104130809/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/21/france-to-send-special-forces-to-guadeloupe-after-looting-arson">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+to+send+special+forces+to+Guadeloupe+after+looting%2C+arson&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F21%2Ffrance-to-send-special-forces-to-guadeloupe-after-looting-arson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnationale" class="citation web cs1">nationale, Sirpa Gendarmerie, Gendarmerie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gendarmerie.interieur.gouv.fr/gendinfo/sur-le-terrain/immersion/2022/envol-vers-la-guadeloupe-avec-le-general-vincent-lamballe-1-2">"Envol vers la Guadeloupe avec le général Vincent Lamballe (1/2)"</a>. <i>gendarmerie.interieur.gouv.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104130810/https://www.gendarmerie.interieur.gouv.fr/gendinfo/sur-le-terrain/immersion/2022/envol-vers-la-guadeloupe-avec-le-general-vincent-lamballe-1-2">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+premier+des+six+nouveaux+patrouilleurs+c%C3%B4tiers+de+la+Gendarmerie+maritime+officiellement+command%C3%A9&rft.date=2022-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flessor.org%2Foperationnel%2Fle-premier-des-six-nouveaux-patrouilleurs-cotiers-de-la-gendarmerie-maritime-officiellement-commande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guadeloupe/un-nouveau-commandant-pour-le-la-violette-un-navire-indispensable-a-la-lutte-contre-la-drogue-en-guadeloupe-1310184.html">"Un nouveau commandant pour le 'La Violette', un navire indispensable à la lutte contre la drogue en Guadeloupe"</a>. 5 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104130804/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guadeloupe/un-nouveau-commandant-pour-le-la-violette-un-navire-indispensable-a-la-lutte-contre-la-drogue-en-guadeloupe-1310184.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+nouveau+commandant+pour+le+%27La+Violette%27%2C+un+navire+indispensable+%C3%A0+la+lutte+contre+la+drogue+en+Guadeloupe&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fguadeloupe%2Fun-nouveau-commandant-pour-le-la-violette-un-navire-indispensable-a-la-lutte-contre-la-drogue-en-guadeloupe-1310184.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuadeloupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Haigh, Sam – <i>An Introduction to Caribbean Francophone Writing: Guadeloupe and Martinique.</i></li> <li>Jennings, Eric T. – <i>Vichy in the Tropics: Petain’s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina, 1940–1944.</i></li> <li>Noble, G. K. – <i>The Resident Birds of Guadeloupe.</i></li> <li>Paiewonsky, Michael – <i>Conquest of Eden, 1493–1515: Other Voyages of Columbus; Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Virgin Islands.</i></li> <li>Roche, Jean-Claude – <i>Oiseau des Antilles. Vol. 1, The Lesser Antilles from Grenada to Guadeloupe.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Geography_of_France" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Geography of France">Geography of France</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Geography_of_France/The_Caribbean#Guadeloupe" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Geography of France/The Caribbean">Guadeloupe</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link 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data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guadeloupe" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Guadeloupe">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guadeloupe" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Guadeloupe">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guadeloupe" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Guadeloupe">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guadeloupe" class="extiw" title="voy:Guadeloupe">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guadeloupe.gouv.fr/">Prefecture website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regionguadeloupe.fr/">Regional Council website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cg971.fr/">Departmental Council 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current (since 2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> (Centre Region until 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former (1982–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(administrative_region)" title="Auvergne (administrative region)">Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Normandy" title="Upper Normandy">Upper Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas regions">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_list_of_French_regions" title="Ranked list of French regions">Ranked by area/population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of French regions by Human Development Index">by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Departments_of_France" title="Template talk:Departments of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Metropolitan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>01 <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a></li> <li>02 <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a></li> <li>03 <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a></li> <li>04 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a></li> <li>05 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a></li> <li>06 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li> <li>07 <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a></li> <li>08 <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a></li> <li>09 <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a></li> <li>11 <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a></li> <li>13 <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a></li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a></li> <li>16 <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a></li> <li>17 <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a></li> <li>19 <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a></li> <li>2A <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a></li> <li>2B <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li>22 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a></li> <li>23 <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a></li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a></li> <li>25 <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a></li> <li>26 <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></li> <li>27 <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a></li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a></li> <li>29 <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a></li> <li>30 <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a></li> <li>31 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a></li> <li>32 <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a></li> <li>33 <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a></li> <li>34 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a></li> <li>35 <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></li> <li>36 <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a></li> <li>37 <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a></li> <li>38 <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a></li> <li>39 <a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a></li> <li>40 <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a></li> <li>41 <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a></li> <li>42 <a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a></li> <li>43 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a></li> <li>44 <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a></li> <li>45 <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a></li> <li>46 <a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a></li> <li>47 <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>48 <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a></li> <li>49 <a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a></li> <li>50 <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a></li> <li>51 <a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a></li> <li>52 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a></li> <li>53 <a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a></li> <li>54 <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></li> <li>55 <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a></li> <li>56 <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a></li> <li>57 <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a></li> <li>58 <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a></li> <li>59 <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></li> <li>60 <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a></li> <li>61 <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a></li> <li>62 <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li>63 <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a></li> <li>64 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li> <li>65 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a></li> <li>66 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li> <li>67 <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></li> <li>68 <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a></li> <li>69D <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a></li> <li>70 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a></li> <li>71 <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></li> <li>72 <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a></li> <li>73 <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a></li> <li>74 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a></li> <li>76 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></li> <li>77 <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a></li> <li>78 <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></li> <li>79 <a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a></li> <li>80 <a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a></li> <li>81 <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a></li> <li>82 <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>83 <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a></li> <li>84 <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a></li> <li>85 <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>86 <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a></li> <li>87 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a></li> <li>88 <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a></li> <li>89 <a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a></li> <li>90 <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a></li> <li>91 <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a></li> <li>92 <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a></li> <li>93 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li>94 <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a></li> <li>95 <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>971 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li>972 <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>973 <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>974 <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li>976 <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>69M <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Lyon" title="Metropolis of Lyon">Lyon</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li> <li>75 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>975 <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> <small><i>(Overseas collectivity)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_France" title="Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_France" title="Template talk:Overseas France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr /> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr /> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr /> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr /> (<a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern<wbr /> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_domains_of_the_Holy_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French domains of the Holy Land (page does not exist)">French domains of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr /> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Guadeloupe_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guadeloupe_topics" title="Template:Guadeloupe topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guadeloupe_topics" title="Template talk:Guadeloupe topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guadeloupe_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guadeloupe topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guadeloupe_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guadeloupe-related_articles" title="Index of Guadeloupe-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe_Conference" title="Guadeloupe Conference">Guadeloupe Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe"><img alt="Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/70px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/105px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/140px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe"><img alt="Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/70px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/105px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/140px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guadeloupe" title="Geography of Guadeloupe">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Arrondissements of the Guadeloupe department">Arrondissements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Cantons of the Guadeloupe department">Cantons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guadeloupe">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Communes of the Guadeloupe department">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Guadeloupe" title="Category:Environment of Guadeloupe">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Guadeloupe">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Guadeloupe" title="List of rivers of Guadeloupe">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of volcanoes in Guadeloupe">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Governance">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guadeloupe" title="Elections in Guadeloupe">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Guadeloupe">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guadeloupe" title="List of political parties in Guadeloupe">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Guadeloupe" title="Coffee production in Guadeloupe">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guadeloupe" title="Telecommunications in Guadeloupe">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guadeloupe" title="Transport in Guadeloupe">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Guadeloupe" title="Coat of arms of Guadeloupe">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guadeloupe" title="Demographics of Guadeloupe">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guadeloupe" title="Flag of Guadeloupe">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guadeloupan_films" title="List of Guadeloupan films">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guadeloupe" title="Music of Guadeloupe">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Guadeloupe" title="Category:Sport in Guadeloupe">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guadeloupe-related_articles" title="Index of Guadeloupe-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Further_reading">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guadeloupe" title="Category:Guadeloupe">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Guadeloupe&#124;link=Guadeloupe_Elections_and_referendums_in_Guadeloupe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guadeloupean_elections" title="Template:Guadeloupean elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guadeloupean_elections" title="Template talk:Guadeloupean elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guadeloupean_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guadeloupean elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Guadeloupe&#124;link=Guadeloupe_Elections_and_referendums_in_Guadeloupe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe"><img alt="Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guadeloupe" title="Elections in Guadeloupe">Elections and referendums in Guadeloupe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Guadeloupe" title="Regional Council of Guadeloupe">Regional Council elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Guadeloupean_Regional_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Guadeloupean Regional Council election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Guadeloupean_Regional_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Guadeloupean Regional Council election (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Guadeloupean_Regional_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Guadeloupean Regional Council election (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Guadeloupean_Regional_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Guadeloupean Regional Council election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_Guadeloupean_Regional_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 Guadeloupean Regional Council election (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Guadeloupean_Regional_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Guadeloupean Regional Council election (page does not exist)">2015</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Guadeloupe" title="Departmental Council of Guadeloupe">Departmental Council elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1988 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_Guadeloupean_General_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 Guadeloupean General Council election (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Guadeloupean_Departmental_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 Guadeloupean Departmental Council election (page does not exist)">2015</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Guadeloupe_department" title="Communes of the Guadeloupe department">Municipal elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Guadeloupean_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Guadeloupean municipal elections (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_Guadeloupean_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 Guadeloupean municipal elections (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Guadeloupean_municipal_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020 Guadeloupean municipal elections (page does not exist)">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Guadeloupean_autonomy_referendum" title="2003 Guadeloupean autonomy referendum">2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:French_elections" title="Template:French elections">Elections and referendums in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geographic_locale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Geographic_locale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_North_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Esparta" title="Nueva Esparta">Nueva Esparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/120px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/180px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/240px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">St. Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of North America">Demographics of North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Demographics of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Bahamas" title="Demographics of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Barbados" title="Demographics of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belize" title="Demographics of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Costa_Rica" title="Demographics of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cuba" title="Demographics of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Dominica" title="Demographics of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Demographics of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_El_Salvador" title="Demographics of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Grenada" title="Demographics of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guatemala" title="Demographics of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Haiti" title="Demographics of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Honduras" title="Demographics of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jamaica" title="Demographics of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mexico" title="Demographics of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nicaragua" title="Demographics of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Panama" title="Demographics of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Demographics of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Demographics of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Demographics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Demographics of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Anguilla" title="Demographics of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Aruba" title="Demographics of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bermuda" title="Demographics of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Demographics of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Demographics of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland" title="Demographics of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guadeloupe" title="Demographics of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Martinique" title="Demographics of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montserrat" title="Demographics of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Demographics of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Demographics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Demographics of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Guadeloupe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Guadeloupe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Guadeloupe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current (since 2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> (Centre Region until 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former (1982–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(administrative_region)" title="Auvergne (administrative region)">Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Normandy" title="Upper Normandy">Upper Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas regions">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_list_of_French_regions" title="Ranked list of French regions">Ranked by area/population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of French regions by Human Development Index">by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Departments_of_France" title="Template talk:Departments of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Metropolitan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>01 <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a></li> <li>02 <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a></li> <li>03 <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a></li> <li>04 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a></li> <li>05 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a></li> <li>06 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li> <li>07 <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a></li> <li>08 <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a></li> <li>09 <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a></li> <li>11 <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a></li> <li>13 <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a></li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a></li> <li>16 <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a></li> <li>17 <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a></li> <li>19 <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a></li> <li>2A <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a></li> <li>2B <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li>22 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a></li> <li>23 <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a></li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a></li> <li>25 <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a></li> <li>26 <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></li> <li>27 <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a></li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a></li> <li>29 <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a></li> <li>30 <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a></li> <li>31 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a></li> <li>32 <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a></li> <li>33 <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a></li> <li>34 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a></li> <li>35 <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></li> <li>36 <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a></li> <li>37 <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a></li> <li>38 <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a></li> <li>39 <a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a></li> <li>40 <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a></li> <li>41 <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a></li> <li>42 <a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a></li> <li>43 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a></li> <li>44 <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a></li> <li>45 <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a></li> <li>46 <a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a></li> <li>47 <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>48 <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a></li> <li>49 <a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a></li> <li>50 <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a></li> <li>51 <a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a></li> <li>52 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a></li> <li>53 <a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a></li> <li>54 <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></li> <li>55 <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a></li> <li>56 <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a></li> <li>57 <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a></li> <li>58 <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a></li> <li>59 <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></li> <li>60 <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a></li> <li>61 <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a></li> <li>62 <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li>63 <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a></li> <li>64 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li> <li>65 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a></li> <li>66 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li> <li>67 <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></li> <li>68 <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a></li> <li>69D <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a></li> <li>70 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a></li> <li>71 <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></li> <li>72 <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a></li> <li>73 <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a></li> <li>74 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a></li> <li>76 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></li> <li>77 <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a></li> <li>78 <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></li> <li>79 <a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a></li> <li>80 <a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a></li> <li>81 <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a></li> <li>82 <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>83 <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a></li> <li>84 <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a></li> <li>85 <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>86 <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a></li> <li>87 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a></li> <li>88 <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a></li> <li>89 <a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a></li> <li>90 <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a></li> <li>91 <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a></li> <li>92 <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a></li> <li>93 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li>94 <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a></li> <li>95 <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>971 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li>972 <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>973 <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>974 <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li>976 <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>69M <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Lyon" title="Metropolis of Lyon">Lyon</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li> <li>75 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>975 <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> <small><i>(Overseas collectivity)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_France" title="Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_France" title="Template talk:Overseas France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr /> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr /> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr /> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr /> (<a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern<wbr /> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_domains_of_the_Holy_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French domains of the Holy Land (page does not exist)">French domains of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr /> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La_Francophonie" title="Template talk:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Discuss this 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style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">National/regional members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" title="Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day" title="UN French Language Day">UN French Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Jeux de la Francophonie">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie" title="Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" title="Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">AFFOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_economy" title="Francophone economy">Francophone economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senghor_University" title="Senghor University">Senghor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Outermost_regions_of_European_Union_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Outermost regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> states</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_outermost_regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/150px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/225px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/300px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint-Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_Swedish_possessions_and_colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swedish_colonies" title="Template:Swedish colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swedish_colonies" title="Template talk:Swedish colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_Swedish_possessions_and_colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former Swedish <a href="/wiki/Possessions_of_Sweden" title="Possessions of Sweden">possessions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_overseas_colonies" title="Swedish overseas colonies">colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominions_of_Sweden" title="Dominions of Sweden">Dominions of Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/80px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="Swedish colonies in the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_colony_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guadeloupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Gold_Coast" title="Swedish Gold Coast">Swedish Gold Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chartered companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Africa_Company" title="Swedish Africa Company">Swedish Africa Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_East_India_Company" title="Swedish East India Company">Swedish East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Levant_Company" title="Swedish Levant Company">Swedish Levant Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_South_Company" title="Swedish South Company">Swedish South Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_West_India_Company" title="Swedish West India Company">Swedish West India Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121594723">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125492276">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210394/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjtcvTQkFKcMTp4FRXw4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4086841-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80131903">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864261n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864261n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guadeloupe (Francie : departement)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134191&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451767">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559618105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/338346f8-4dc2-38e8-a009-5a3e1585348f">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/e8d059ee-4ec8-434d-b54f-1738edb2debd">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/OGiKRqAy">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026384973">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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