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modernity</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: western modernity"> <meta name="keywords" content="western modernity"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="western modernity"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1782</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: western modernity</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1752</span> Formation of an Empire in the 21st Century: Theoretical Approach in International Relations and a Worldview of the New World Order</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20Georg%20Johann">Rami Georg Johann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Against the background of the current geopolitical constellations, the author looks at various empire models, which are discussed and compared with each other with regard to their stability and functioning. The focus is on the fifth concept as a possible new world order in the 21st century. These will be discussed and compared to one another according to their stability and functioning. All empires to be designed will be conceptualised based on one, two, three, four, and five worlds. All worlds are made up of a different constellation of states and relating coalitions. All systems will be discussed in detail. The one-world-system, the“Western Empire,” will be presented as a possible solution to a new world order in the 21st century (fifth concept). The term “Western” in “Western Empire” describes the Western concept after World War II. This Western concept was the result of two horrible world wars in the 20th century.” With this in mind, the fifth concept forms a stable empire system, the “Western Empire,” by political measures tied to two issues. Thus, this world order provides a significantly higher long-term stability in contrast to all other empire models (comprising five, four, three, or two worlds). Confrontations and threats of war are reduced to a minimum. The two issues mentioned are “merger” and “competition.” These are the main differences in forming an empire compared to all empires and realms in the history of mankind. The fifth concept of this theory, the “Western Empire,” acts explicitly as a counter model. The Western Empire (fifth concept) is formed by the merger of world powers without war. Thus, a world order without competition is created. This merged entity secures long-term peace, stability, democratic values, freedom, human rights, equality, and justice in the new world order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empire%20formation" title="empire formation">empire formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20international%20relations" title=" theory of international relations"> theory of international relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20Empire" title=" Western Empire"> Western Empire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20order" title=" world order"> world order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143742/formation-of-an-empire-in-the-21st-century-theoretical-approach-in-international-relations-and-a-worldview-of-the-new-world-order" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1751</span> Family Models in Contemporary Multicultural Society: Exploratory Study Applied to Immigrants of Second and Third Generations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dani%C3%A8le%20Peto">Danièle Peto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A qualitative research based on twenty-eight semi-structured interviews of students in Social Work, in Brussels (Belgium), showed specific results for the Arab and Muslim students: second and third generations immigrants build their identity on the basis of a mix of differentiation with and recognition of their parents' culture of origin. Building a bridge between Modernity and Tradition, they claim active citizenship; at the same time they show and live by values and religious believes which reinforce the link to their parents’ origins. But they present those values and believes as their own rational choices among other choices, all available and rich for our multicultural society. The way they speak of themselves is highly modern. But, they still have to build a third way to find a place for themselves in society: one allowing them to live their religion as a partially public matter (when the Occidental society leaves no such place for religion) while ensuring, at the same time, the development of independent critical thought. On this basis, other semi-structured interviews are being laid with Social workers working with families from diverse ethnic backgrounds. They will verify the reality of those identity and cultural bricolages when those young adults of second and third generations build their own family. In between the theoretical models of traditional family and modern family, shall we find a new model, hybrid and more or less stable, combining some aspects of the former and the latter? The exploratory research phase focuses on three aspects of building a family life in this context : the way those generations play, discursively or not, in between their parents and the society in which they grew up; the importance of intercultural dialogue in this process of building; and testing the hypothesis that some families, in our society, show a special way of courting Modernity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20models" title="family models">family models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20bricolages" title=" identity bricolages"> identity bricolages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural" title=" intercultural"> intercultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernity%20and%20tradition" title=" modernity and tradition"> modernity and tradition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68902/family-models-in-contemporary-multicultural-society-exploratory-study-applied-to-immigrants-of-second-and-third-generations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1750</span> Blue Eyes and Blonde Hair in Mass Media: A News Discourse Analysis of Western Media on the News Coverage of Ukraine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Mehrabbeygi">Zahra Mehrabbeygi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is opted to analyze and survey discourse variety and news image-making in western media regarding the news coverage of the Russian army intrusion into Ukraine. This research will be done on the news coverage of Ukraine in a period from February 2022 to May 2022 in five western media, "BBC, CBS, NBC, Al Jazeera, and Telegraph." This research attempts to discover some facts about the news policies of the five western news agencies during the circumstances of the Ukraine-Russia war. Critical theories in the news, such as Framing, Media Imperialism of News, Image Making, Discourse, and Ideology, were applied to achieve this goal. The research methodology uses Van Dijk's discourse exploration method based on discourse analysis. The research's statistical population is related to all the news about racial discrimination during the mentioned period. After a statistical population survey with Targeted Sampling, the researcher randomly selected ten news cases for exploration. The research findings show that the western media have similarities in their texts via lexical items, polarization, citations, persons, and institutions. The research findings also imply pre-suppositions, connotations, and components of consensus agreement and underlying predicates in the outset, middle, and end events. The reaction of some western media not only shows their bewilderment but also exposes their prejudices rooted in racism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=news%20discourse%20analysis" title="news discourse analysis">news discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20media" title=" western media"> western media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20discrimination" title=" racial discrimination"> racial discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ukraine-Russia%20war" title=" Ukraine-Russia war"> Ukraine-Russia war</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150515/blue-eyes-and-blonde-hair-in-mass-media-a-news-discourse-analysis-of-western-media-on-the-news-coverage-of-ukraine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1749</span> Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the Western North Part of Libya </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Ali%20Abugila">Mustafa Ali Abugila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A total of 13807 diabetic patients [(males 5893(42.68%), females 7914 (57.32%)] were on the registered in diabetic clinics in the western north of Libya at the end of 2012. Of the total clinic population, 865 patients had Type 1 IDDM (6.26%) and the rest cases had Type 2 NIDDM (93.74%). Diabetes mellitus was higher in females than in males (57.32% , 42.68%), the male to female ratio was (0.74 : 1). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes%20Mellitus%20%28DM%29" title="Diabetes Mellitus (DM)">Diabetes Mellitus (DM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestational%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" gestational diabetes mellitus"> gestational diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20Western%20of%20Libya" title=" North Western of Libya"> North Western of Libya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3621/prevalence-of-diabetes-mellitus-in-the-western-north-part-of-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1748</span> Parallels Between Indian Art Music and Western Art Music: The Suppression of the Notion of the 'Melody'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kedarnath%20Awati">Kedarnath Awati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some parallels between Indian Art Music and Western Art Music, such as the identity of the basic heptatonic scale structure, are quite obvious and need no further discussion. Other parallels are far less obvious, and it is one of them that the author is interested in. Specifically, the author would like to make a serious claim that in both types of music, there is an unspoken dependence on melody. Yes, it is true that the techniques that the two systems use for elaboration are very, very different: Western music uses the techniques of harmony, counterpoint, orchestration and motivic variation, while the Indian systems, both the Hindustani and the Carnatic traditions use the technique of raagdaari. The reason that this point is barely spoken about is that both in the West as well as in India, artists tend to think of melody as something elementary or as something 'given'. The Indian musicians would much rather dwell upon this or that meend or taan or other technical device, while the West thinks that melody is passé and would rather discuss the merits and demerits of spectralism and perhaps serialism. The author would like to explore this theme further in his paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20art%20music" title="Indian art music">Indian art music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20art%20music" title=" Western art music"> Western art music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melody" title=" melody"> melody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raagdaari" title=" raagdaari"> raagdaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivic%20variation." title=" motivic variation."> motivic variation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176465/parallels-between-indian-art-music-and-western-art-music-the-suppression-of-the-notion-of-the-melody" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1747</span> The Geometrical Cosmology: The Projective Cast of the Collective Subjectivity of the Chinese Traditional Architectural Drawings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Sun">Lina Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chinese traditional drawings related to buildings and construction apply a unique geometry differentiating with western Euclidean geometry and embrace a collection of special terminologies, under the category of tu (the Chinese character for drawing). This paper will on one side etymologically analysis the terminologies of Chinese traditional architectural drawing, and on the other side geometrically deconstruct the composition of tu and locate the visual narrative language of tu in the pictorial tradition. The geometrical analysis will center on selected series of Yang-shi-lei tu of the construction of emperors’ mausoleums in Qing Dynasty (1636-1912), and will also draw out the earlier architectural drawings and the architectural paintings such as the jiehua, and paintings on religious frescoes and tomb frescoes as the comparison. By doing these, this research will reveal that both the terminologies corresponding to different geometrical forms respectively indicate associations between architectural drawing and the philosophy of Chinese cosmology, and the arrangement of the geometrical forms in the visual picture plane facilitates expressions of the concepts of space and position in the geometrical cosmology. These associations and expressions are the collective intentions of architectural drawing evolving in the thousands of years’ tradition without breakage and irrelevant to the individual authorship. Moreover, the architectural tu itself as an entity, not only functions as the representation of the buildings but also express intentions and strengthen them by using the Chinese unique geometrical language flexibly and intentionally. These collective cosmological spatial intentions and the corresponding geometrical words and languages reveal that the Chinese traditional architectural drawing functions as a unique architectural site with subjectivity which exists parallel with buildings and express intentions and meanings by itself. The methodology and the findings of this research will, therefore, challenge the previous researches which treat architectural drawings just as the representation of buildings and understand the drawings more than just using them as the evidence to reconstruct the information of buildings. Furthermore, this research will situate architectural drawing in between the researches of Chinese technological tu and artistic painting, bridging the two academic areas which usually treated the partial features of architectural drawing separately. Beyond this research, the collective subjectivity of the Chinese traditional drawings will facilitate the revealing of the transitional experience from traditions to drawing modernity, where the individual subjective identities and intentions of architects arise. This research will root for the understanding both the ambivalence and affinity of the drawing modernity encountering the traditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20traditional%20architectural%20drawing%20%28tu%29" title="Chinese traditional architectural drawing (tu)">Chinese traditional architectural drawing (tu)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=etymology%20of%20tu" title=" etymology of tu"> etymology of tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20subjectivity%20of%20tu" title=" collective subjectivity of tu"> collective subjectivity of tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20cosmology%20in%20tu" title=" geometrical cosmology in tu"> geometrical cosmology in tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry%20and%20composition%20of%20tu" title=" geometry and composition of tu"> geometry and composition of tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang-shi-lei%20tu" title=" Yang-shi-lei tu"> Yang-shi-lei tu</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112131/the-geometrical-cosmology-the-projective-cast-of-the-collective-subjectivity-of-the-chinese-traditional-architectural-drawings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1746</span> A South African Perspective on Artificial Intelligence and Legal Personality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Naidoo">M. Naidoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of moral personhood extending from the moral status of an artificial intelligence system has been explored – but predominantly from a Western conception of personhood. African personhood, however, is distinctly different from Western personhood in that communitarianism is central to the underpinnings of personhood - rather than Western individualism. Personhood in the African context is not an inherent property that a human is born with; rather, it is an ontological journey that one goes on in his or her life with the hopes of attaining personhood. Given the decolonization, projects happening in Africa, and the law-making that is happening in this space within South Africa, it is of paramount importance to consider these views. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethics" title=" bioethics"> bioethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20personality" title=" legal personality"> legal personality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153408/a-south-african-perspective-on-artificial-intelligence-and-legal-personality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1745</span> Broadening the Roles of Masjid: Reviving Prophetic Holistic Model in Fostering Islamic Education and Arabic Language in South-Western Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Tijani%20Surajudeen">Ahmad Tijani Surajudeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zahiri%20Awang%20Mat"> Muhammad Zahiri Awang Mat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliy%20Abdulwahid%20Adebisi"> Aliy Abdulwahid Adebisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With arrival of Islam in the South-Western Nigeria in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, various masājid established in different parts of the area played vital roles towards the betterment and unity of the Muslims. However, despite the fact that the masājid in the South-Western part of Nigeria contributed immensely to the spiritual and educational enhancement of the Muslims, it has not fully captured the holistic educational roles as a unique model used by the Prophet (S.A.W). Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to investigate and broaden the roles of masjid towards its compartmentalized and holistic contributions among the Muslims in the south-western Nigeria. The findings from the paper have identified five holistic roles of masjid, namely, spiritual, intellectual, physical, social and emotional contributions which have been exemplified in the prophetic model of masjid. The paper has argued that the five factors must be unreservedly unified towards the betterment of the Muslims and enhancement of Islamic education and Arabic Language in the South-Western Nigeria. However, the challenges of masjid management in the South-Western Nigeria are the main hindrance in achieving the holistic roles of masjid. It is thereby suggested that, the management of masjid should take the identified prophetic model of masjid into account in order to positively improve the affairs of Muslims as well as promoting the teaching and learning of Islamic education and Arabic language among the Muslims in the South-Western Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=worship" title="worship">worship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20education" title=" Islamic education"> Islamic education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20language" title=" Arabic language"> Arabic language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prophetic%20holistic%20model" title=" prophetic holistic model"> prophetic holistic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3755/broadening-the-roles-of-masjid-reviving-prophetic-holistic-model-in-fostering-islamic-education-and-arabic-language-in-south-western-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1744</span> Comparing and Contrasting Western and Eastern Ways of War: Building a Universal Strategic Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Kok%20Wey%20Leong">Adam Kok Wey Leong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The comparison between the Western ways of war and Eastern ways of war has raised contemporary debates on the validity of these arguments. The Western way of war is popularly propounded by Victor Davis Hanson as originating from the Greek hoplite tactics, direct military maneuvers, democratic principles and social freedom and cohesion that has continued to yield military success for the Western powers for centuries. On the other hand, the Eastern way of war has been deemed as relying on indirect tactics, deception, and ruses. This often accepted notion of the divide between Western and Eastern style does not sustain in view of the available classical strategic texts from both sides from the same period that has proposed similar principles of warfare. This paper analyses the similarities between classical strategic texts on war from the Eastern perspective namely Sun Tzu’s Art of War with a similar temporal strategic text from the West which is Sextus Iuluis Frontinus’s Stratagematon, and deduces answers to this core research question - Does the hypothesis of the existence of distinctive Western and Eastern ways of warfare stands? The main thesis advanced by this research is that ways of warfare share universal principles, and it transcends cultural and spatial boundaries. Warfare is a human endeavour, and the same moral actions guide humans from different geo-cultural spheres in warfare’s objectives, which are winning over an enemy in the most economical way and serve as a mean to an end. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ways%20of%20warfare" title="ways of warfare">ways of warfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20culture" title=" strategic culture"> strategic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Tzu" title=" Sun Tzu"> Sun Tzu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frontinus" title=" frontinus"> frontinus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72152/comparing-and-contrasting-western-and-eastern-ways-of-war-building-a-universal-strategic-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1743</span> Diversity of Short-Horned Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from Forested Region of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India of Northern Western Ghats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20M.%20Gaikwad">Sunil M. Gaikwad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogesh%20J.%20Koli"> Yogesh J. Koli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gopal%20A.%20Raut"> Gopal A. Raut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20P.%20Bhawane"> Ganesh P. Bhawane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation was directed to study the diversity of short-horned grasshoppers from a forested area of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India, which is spread along the hilly terrain of the Northern Western Ghats. The collection was made during 2013 to 2015, and identified with the help of a reference collection of ZSI, Kolkata, and recent literature and dry preserved. The study resulted in the enumeration of 40 species of short-horned grasshoppers belonging to four families of suborder: Caelifera. The family Acrididae was dominant (27 species) followed by Tetrigidae (eight species), Pyrgomorphidae (four species) and Chorotypidae (one species). The report of 40 species from the forest habitat of the study region highlights the significance of the Western Ghats. Ecologically, short-horned grasshoppers are integral to food chains, being consumed by a wide variety of animals. The observations of the present investigation may prove useful for conservation of the Diversity in Northern Western Ghats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title="diversity">diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolhapur" title=" Kolhapur"> Kolhapur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20western%20Ghats" title=" northern western Ghats"> northern western Ghats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short-horned%20grasshoppers" title=" short-horned grasshoppers"> short-horned grasshoppers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86662/diversity-of-short-horned-grasshoppers-orthoptera-caelifera-from-forested-region-of-kolhapur-district-maharashtra-india-of-northern-western-ghats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1742</span> Foucault and the Archaeology of Transhumanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Foucault">Michel Foucault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friedrich%20Nietzsche"> Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20More"> Max More</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Vita-More"> Natasha Vita-More</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Ferrando"> Francesca Ferrando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the early part of his intellectual and academic career (1950s and 1960s), Michel Foucault developed an interest for what we can call the ‘anthropological question’, or how our modernity deals with human nature from an epistemological standpoint. The great originality of Foucault’s thought here lies in the fact that he approaches this question not from the perspective of this ‘sovereign subject’ (that has characterized the History of Western thought) he wishes to disclose and ‘denounce’, but rather at the level of discourses and the way they constitute who we are, so to speak. This led him, in turn, to formulate a series of though-provoking statements during his so-called ‘archaeological period’ of the 1960s concerning what we call ‘man’ in the West, such as that he is an ‘invention of recent date’ (as a proper object of concern and reflection), and, perhaps more importantly, that he might disappear in the near future, ‘like a face drawn in sand at the edge of the sea’. Foucault is following on the footsteps of Nietzsche in that regard, who had famously announced in the 19th ce. the ‘death of God’ and the need for the future generations to surpass (so to speak) the traditional ‘Christian-centred’ Western conception of the human. While Foucault exposed such insights more than half a century ago, they appear to be more actual than ever today with the development and rise in popularity of intellectual movements such as Transhumanism and Posthumanism, which seek to question and propose an alternative to the concepts of ‘man’ or ‘human nature’ in our culture. They rely for that on the same assumption as Foucault and Nietzsche that those concepts (and the meaning we attribute to them) have become ‘obsolete’ as it is and thus must be overcome (at a conceptual, but also a more practical level). Hence, those movements not only echo the important Foucauldian reflection of the 1950s and 1960s on the ‘anthropological question’ but seem to have been literally announced by it, so to speak. The aim of this paper will therefore be to show the relevance of Foucault (and in particular his archaeological method) in understanding the nature of Transhumanism (and Posthumanism), for instance, by analysing and assessing it as a form of discourse that is literally reshaping the way we understand ourselves as human beings in our (post)modern age, drawing for that on a number of key texts including from the early productions of Foucault. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foucault" title="foucault">foucault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nietzsche" title=" nietzsche"> nietzsche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeology" title=" archaeology"> archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transhumanism" title=" transhumanism"> transhumanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posthumanism" title=" posthumanism"> posthumanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168078/foucault-and-the-archaeology-of-transhumanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1741</span> Phytodiversity and Phytogeographic Characterization Stands of Pistacia lentiscus L. in the Coastal Region of Honaine, Tlemcen, Western Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Benmehdi">I. Benmehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Hasnaoui"> O. Hasnaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hachemi"> N. Hachemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouazza"> M. Bouazza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Understanding of the mechanisms structuring of plant diversity in the region of Tlemcen (western Algeria) is a related problem. The current floristic composition of different groups in Pistacia lentiscus L. resulting from the combination of human and climate action. This study is devoted to biodiversity inventory and phytogeographic characterization of Pistacia lentiscus groups in the Honaine coastal (western Algeria). The floristic inventory (150 levels) made in three stations of the study area allowed to count a 109 species belonging to 44 families of vascular plants. The biogeographical analysis of the Pistacia lentiscus groups reveals the most representative elements. The Mediterranean elements are numerically the most dominant with 39.45% represented by: Pistacia lentiscus, Cistus monspeliensis, Plantago lagopus, Linum strictum, Echium vulgare; followed by the western Mediterranean elements with 10.09% and are represented by: Chamaerops humilis, Lavandula dentata, Ampelodesma mauritanicum and Iris xyphium. However, this phytotaxonomic wealth is exposed to anthropogenic impact causing its disruption see its decline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pistacia%20lentiscus%20L." title="Pistacia lentiscus L.">Pistacia lentiscus L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytodiversity" title=" phytodiversity"> phytodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytogeography" title=" phytogeography"> phytogeography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honaine" title=" honaine"> honaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20Algeria" title=" western Algeria"> western Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29462/phytodiversity-and-phytogeographic-characterization-stands-of-pistacia-lentiscus-l-in-the-coastal-region-of-honaine-tlemcen-western-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1740</span> Determinants of Travel to Western Countries by Kuwaiti Nationals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yvette%20Reisinger">Yvette Reisinger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Relatively little is known about the Arab travel market, especially the outbound travel market from Arab countries in the Middle East. The Kuwaiti travel market is the smallest yet fastest growing in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. The Kuwaiti travel market represents a great potential for the international tourism industry. Kuwaiti nationals have a very high spending power due to the Kuwaiti dinar being the highest-valued currency unit in the world. Although Europe, North America, and Asia/Pacific try to attract the Arab tourist market the number of Kuwaiti travellers attracted to these destinations is very low. The success in attracting the Kuwaiti travel market to Western countries must be guided by an analysis of the factors that affect its travel decisions. The objective of the study is to identify major factors that influence Kuwaiti nationals’ intentions to travel to Western countries. A model is developed and empirically tested on a sample of 343 Kuwaiti nationals. A series of regression analyses are run to determine the effects of different factors on Kuwaiti’s travel decisions. A Herman’s single factor test and Durbin-Watson test are used to assess the validity of the regression model. Analysis is controlled for socio-demographics. The results show that the Muslim friendly amenities and destination cognitive image exert significant effects on Kuwaiti nationals’ intentions to travel to Western countries. The study provides a better understanding of the factors that attract Kuwaiti tourists to Western countries. By knowing what encourages Kuwaitis to travel to Western countries marketers can plan and promote these countries accordingly. The study provides a foundation of future empirical research into the Kuwaiti/Arab travel market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwaiti%20travel%20market" title="Kuwaiti travel market">Kuwaiti travel market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20decisions" title=" travel decisions"> travel decisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20countries" title=" Western countries"> Western countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87591/determinants-of-travel-to-western-countries-by-kuwaiti-nationals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1739</span> Fu Hao From the East: Between Chinese Traditions and Western Pop Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Meng">Yi Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YunGao"> YunGao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Having been studied and worked in North America and Europe, we, two Chinese art educators, have been enormously influenced by eastern and western cultures. Thus, we aim to enhance students’ learning experiences by exploring and amalgamating both cultures for art creating. This text draws on our action research study of students’ visual literacy practices in a foundation sketching course in a major Chinese university, exploring art forms by cross-utilizing various cultural aspects. Instead of relying on the predominant western observational drawing skills in our classroom, we taught students about ancient Chinese art in the provincial museum, using Fu Hao owl-shaped vessel, a Shang Dynasty national treasure, as the final sketch project of this course. We took up multimodal literacy, which emphasized students’ critical use of creativity to exploit the semiotic potentials of communicative modes to address diverse cultural issues through their multimodal design. We used the Hong Kong-based artist Tik Ka’s artworks to demonstrate the cultural amalgamation of Chinese traditions and western pop cultures. Collectively, these approaches create a dialogical space for students to experience, analyze, and negotiate with complex modes and potentially transform their understanding of both cultures by redesigning Fu Hao. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20traditions" title="Chinese traditions">Chinese traditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20pop%20cultures" title=" western pop cultures"> western pop cultures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fu%20Hao" title=" Fu Hao"> Fu Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arts%20education" title=" arts education"> arts education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20sketch" title=" design sketch"> design sketch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160082/fu-hao-from-the-east-between-chinese-traditions-and-western-pop-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1738</span> Deconstruction of the Term 'Shaman' in the Metaphorical Pair 'Artist as a Shaman'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilona%20Ivova%20Anachkova">Ilona Ivova Anachkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analogy between the artist and the shaman as both being practitioners that more easily recognize and explore spiritual matters, and thus contribute to the society in a unique way has been implied in both Modernity and Postmodernity. The Romantic conception of the shaman as a great artist who helps common men see and understand messages of a higher consciousness has been employed throughout Modernity and is active even now. This paper deconstructs the term ‘shaman’ in the metaphorical analogy ‘artist – shaman’ that was developed more fully in Modernity in different artistic and scientific discourses. The shaman is a figure that to a certain extent adequately reflects the late modern and postmodern holistic views on the world. Such views aim at distancing from traditional religious and overly rationalistic discourses. However, the term ‘shaman’ can be well substituted by other concepts such as the priest, for example. The concept ‘shaman’ is based on modern ethnographic and historical investigations. Its later philosophical, psychological and artistic appropriations designate the role of the artist as a spiritual and cultural leader. However, the artist and the shaman are not fully interchangeable terms. The figure of the shaman in ‘primitive’ societies has performed many social functions that are now delegated to different institutions and positions. The shaman incorporates the functions of a judge, a healer. He is a link to divine entities. He is the creative, aspiring human being that has heightened sensitivity to the world in both its spiritual and material aspects. Building the metaphorical analogy between the shaman and the artist comes in many ways. Both are seen as healers of the society, having propensity towards connection to spiritual entities, or being more inclined to creativity than others. The ‘shaman’ however is a fashionable word for a spiritual person used perhaps because of the anti-traditionalist religious modern and postmodern views. The figure of the priest is associated with a too rational, theoretical and detached attitude towards spiritual matters, while the practices of the shaman and the artist are considered engaged with spirituality on a deeper existential level. The term ‘shaman’ however does not have priority of other words/figures that can explore and deploy spiritual aspects of reality. Having substituted the term ‘shaman’ in the pair ‘artist as a shaman’ with ‘the priest’ or literally ‘anybody,' we witness destruction of spiritual hierarchies and come to the view that everybody is responsible for their own spiritual and creative evolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artist%20as%20a%20shaman" title="artist as a shaman">artist as a shaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20theory%20of%20art" title=" extended theory of art"> extended theory of art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functions%20of%20art" title=" functions of art"> functions of art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priest%20as%20an%20artist" title=" priest as an artist"> priest as an artist</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77054/deconstruction-of-the-term-shaman-in-the-metaphorical-pair-artist-as-a-shaman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1737</span> Nigerian Foreign Policy: A Dancing Tune of the Western Powers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nura%20Suleiman">Nura Suleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The foreign policy of any country or nation is intended to promote and protect the country’s national interest. To achieve this interest, a country has to be guided by certain principles and influence of domestic and international conditions. The history of Nigerian foreign policy is directed to defend its sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, to promote and sustain the economic well-being of Nigerians, and promotion of Africa and world peace with justice. With the change of time and leadership, coupled with corruption, despite all the foreign policy determinants endowed with Nigeria as a country, sacrificed its foreign interest for the benefit of the western powers, by this it lost the opportunity to formulate policies according to its own need and desires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title="foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20power" title=" Western power"> Western power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21082/nigerian-foreign-policy-a-dancing-tune-of-the-western-powers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1736</span> In the Conundrum between Tradition and Modernity: A Socio-Cultural Study to Understand Crib Death in Malda, West Bengal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prama%20Mukhopadhyay">Prama Mukhopadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishika%20Mukhopadhyay"> Rishika Mukhopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The twentieth century has seen the world getting divided into three distinct blocks, created by the proponents of the mainstream developmental discourse. India, which has now gained the label of being a ‘developing nation’, stands in between these three groups, as it constantly tries to ‘catch up’ and emulate the developmental standards of the ‘west’. In this endeavour, we find our country trying really hard to blindly replicate the health care infrastructures of the ‘first worlds’, without realizing the needs of evaluating the ground reality. In such a situation, the sudden outbreak of child death in the district of Malda, WB, poses an obvious questions towards the kind of development that our country has been engaging in, ever since its Post Colonial inception. Through this paper we thus try to understand the harsh veracity of the health care facility that exists in rural Bengal, and thereby challenge the conventional notion of ‘health-care’ as is normally discussed in the mainstream developmental discourse. Grounding our research work on detailed ethnography and through the help of questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions with the local government officials(BDOs), health workers (ICDS, ASHA workers, ANHM and BMOHs) and members of families with experiences of child deaths, we have tried to find out the real and humane factors behind the sudden rise of reported infant deaths in the district, issues which are normally neglected and left out while discussing and evaluating IMR in the mainstream studies on health care and planning in our nation. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to try and look at child death from a ‘wider perspective’, where it is seen from an eye not bounded by the common registers of caste, class and religion. This paper, would thus be an eye opener in some sense, bringing in stories from the rural belt of the country; where the people are regularly torn between the binaries of the developing and shining modernity of ‘India’ which now gets ready to run the last lap and gain the status of becoming a ‘developed nation’ by 2020, and the staggering, dark traditional ‘ Bharat, which lags behind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20mortality" title="child mortality">child mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20discourse" title=" development discourse"> development discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tradition%20and%20modernity" title=" tradition and modernity"> tradition and modernity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24178/in-the-conundrum-between-tradition-and-modernity-a-socio-cultural-study-to-understand-crib-death-in-malda-west-bengal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1735</span> The Artist and the Opera: An Analysis of Gaze, Spatiality, and Women’s Labor in Degas’s The Rehearsal of the Ballet Onstage, 1874</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Abrahamson">Moses Abrahamson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines Edgar Degas’s The Rehearsal of the Ballet Onstage (1874) through the lens of gaze, spatiality, and women’s labor within the context of 19th-century Parisian modernity. Degas’s depiction of ballet dancers, who were often subject to sexual exploitation by wealthy patrons of the Paris Opera, extends beyond a mere aesthetic rendering of performance. Instead, the painting highlights the Opera’s backstage dynamics, where class and gender intersect through power imbalances. By analyzing the gazes of the Opera’s male patrons and ballet masters, the paper explores the implicit commodification of the dancers, drawing on Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze and its manifestation in the portrayal of working-class women. Degas’s positioning of these figures, coupled with his perspective as both artist and patron, reveals his engagement with the spatial layout of the Opera and the modern social hierarchies it embodies. The painting serves as a microcosm of broader sociocultural transformations, where Degas reflects on the labor of ballet dancers as both private toil and public spectacle, connecting his artistic process to the gendered and classed politics of modern Parisian society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class%20dynamics" title="class dynamics">class dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male%20gaze" title=" male gaze"> male gaze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatiality" title=" spatiality"> spatiality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernity" title=" modernity"> modernity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192664/the-artist-and-the-opera-an-analysis-of-gaze-spatiality-and-womens-labor-in-degass-the-rehearsal-of-the-ballet-onstage-1874" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1734</span> The Ludic Exception and the Permanent Emergency: Understanding the Emergency Regimes with the Concept of Play</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mete%20Ula%C5%9F%20Aksoy">Mete Ulaş Aksoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In contemporary politics, the state of emergency has become a permanent and salient feature of politics. This study aims to clarify the anthropological and ontological dimensions of the permanent state of emergency. It pays special attention to the structural relation between the exception and play. Focusing on the play in the context of emergency and exception enables the recognition of the difference and sometimes the discrepancy between the exception and emergency, which has passed into oblivion because of the frequency and normalization of emergency situations. This study coins the term “ludic exception” in order to highlight the difference between the exceptions in which exuberance and paroxysm rule over the socio-political life and the permanent emergency that protects the authority with a sort of extra-legality. The main thesis of the study is that the ludic elements such as risk, conspicuous consumption, sacrificial gestures, agonism, etc. circumscribe the exceptional moments temporarily, preventing them from being routine and normal. The study also emphasizes the decline of ludic elements in modernity as the main factor in the transformation of the exceptions into permanent emergency situations. In the introduction, the relationship between play and exception is taken into consideration. In the second part, the study elucidates the concept of ludic exceptions and dwells on the anthropological examples of the ludic exceptions. In the last part, the decline of ludic elements in modernity is addressed as the main factor for the permanent emergency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title="emergency">emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exception" title=" exception"> exception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ludic%20exception" title=" ludic exception"> ludic exception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play" title=" play"> play</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sovereignty" title=" sovereignty"> sovereignty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150568/the-ludic-exception-and-the-permanent-emergency-understanding-the-emergency-regimes-with-the-concept-of-play" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1733</span> Usurping the Potency of African Cultural Heritage via Western Civilization: A Major Bane on the Development of Nigerian Educational System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Obaje%20Gabriel">U. Obaje Gabriel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overwhelming and intimidating presence of western civilization over our traditional edifice is rather sad and distressful. A careful observation of our prevailing situation would reveal to anyone what mess westernization has done to our cultural values and norms. Corruption, frivolity and moral decadence which are major hallmarks of this foreign ideology are seriously ravaging our society in general and our educational system in particular. The current trends in our schools are those of cultism, nudity in dressing, exam malpractices, corruption and general moral decadence. Against the background of these unwholesome practices in our schools, this paper intends to show the need for us to go back to our roots and harmonize the veritable aspects of our rich cultural heritage with those equally good aspects of western civilization. We believe that when this is done effectively, a very potent indigenous system of education will surely emerge, thereby solving the teething problem of fallen standard in our educational system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title="heritage">heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20development" title=" educational development"> educational development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20civilization" title=" western civilization"> western civilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performing%20arts%20studies" title=" performing arts studies"> performing arts studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9703/usurping-the-potency-of-african-cultural-heritage-via-western-civilization-a-major-bane-on-the-development-of-nigerian-educational-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1732</span> Understanding the Qualities of Indian Neighborhoods: Understanding of Social Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Ravi%20Kumar%20Veluru">Venkata Ravi Kumar Veluru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indian traditional neighborhoods are socially active and sometimes intrusive communities, which are losing their qualities due to western influences, undermining the traditional Indian values by blind adaptation of western neighborhood concepts since the scale is not suitable to the Indian context. This paper aims to understand the qualities of Indian traditional neighborhoods by evaluating a traditional neighborhood of Jaipur, comparing it with a modern planned neighborhood of Chandigarh, designed by a foreign planner, in the neighborhood concept of the western world, to find out the special qualities of traditional Indian neighborhoods as compared to western concepts in terms of social spaces, by way of physical observation of selected neighborhoods and residents structured questionnaire survey. The combined analysis found that social spaces are abundantly available in traditional neighborhoods, which are missing in modern neighborhoods, which are the main qualities where interactions happen, aiming towards the formation of social capital. The qualities of traditional neighborhoods have to be considered while designing new neighborhoods in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20neighborhoods" title="Indian neighborhoods">Indian neighborhoods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20neighborhoods" title=" modern neighborhoods"> modern neighborhoods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighborhood%20planning" title=" neighborhood planning"> neighborhood planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20spaces" title=" social spaces"> social spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20neighborhoods" title=" traditional neighborhoods"> traditional neighborhoods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155054/understanding-the-qualities-of-indian-neighborhoods-understanding-of-social-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1731</span> Liminal Disabled Tweens’ Identification with Disney Animations in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Aitsaid">Selma Aitsaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Disney canon texts, mainly animations, are believed to have authority over children’s identities. However, most research on Disney tends to focus either on textual analysis, or Western and non-western adult audiences. In fact, there is a lack of scholarship on Disney child audiences from non-western countries though children are believed to be Disney‘s main target audience, and Disney is a global corporation that appeals to audiences from all over the world as well. Therefore, qualitative research was conducted by interviewing around twenty five Algerian disabled tweens between the age 11 to 14 on their familiarity and identification with Disney animations. The reason behind choosing disabled children is because minority groups have not been interviewed on their possible interpretations of Disney animations despite the fact that these texts have been interpreted by some scholars as being inclusive of minority groups such as queer and disabled people. To that end, this project aims to decolonize disability and Global Southern Academia by three ways. The first way is to uncover inequalities of the metropolitan thought enshrined in the global power of the metropole vis a vis the subaltern. This approach was called postcolonialism. The second way is to value non-western academic and non-academic resources. This is the project of ‘indigenous knowledge. The third way is to analyse the forms of knowledge that were produced by intellectuals in colonized countries as a response to Western Academic hegemony. Consequently, this research endeavored to unravel the inequality, the dynamics of neocolonialism and subordination to colonial discourses within the Algerian discourse on disability and other knowledge such as tweenhood, childhood and non-western viewership, which are mainly defined through Western lenses. Algerian resources were included with the aim of enhancing an academic collaboration between the North and South as well. The findings showed that the postcolonial context had an impact on how children perceive Disney animations. They also demonstrated that children are able to negotiate the meaning of Disney texts within their own context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20audiences" title="child audiences">child audiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood" title=" childhood"> childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title=" disability"> disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Disney%20animations" title=" Disney animations"> Disney animations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20South" title=" global South"> global South</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postcolonialism" title=" postcolonialism"> postcolonialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tweens" title=" tweens"> tweens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20hegemony" title=" Western hegemony"> Western hegemony</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155437/liminal-disabled-tweens-identification-with-disney-animations-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1730</span> Georgiana G. King’s The Way of Saint James. A Pioneer Cultural Guide of a Pilgrimage Route</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Pita-Gal%C3%A1n">Paula Pita-Galán</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1920 Georgiana Goddard King, an Art Historian and Professor at Bryn Mawr College (PA, USA), published The Way of Saint James (New York: P.G. Putnam’s Sons), one of the earliest modern guides of this pilgrimage route. In its three volumes, the author described the towns and villages crossed by the Camino, talking about the history, traditions, monuments, and the people that she had met during her own pilgrimage together with the photographer Edith H. Lowber. The two women walked the route from Toulouse to Santiago in several journeys that took place between 1911 and 1914, travelling with funds of the Hispanic Society of New York. The cultural interest that motivated the journey explains how King intertwines in her narration history, anthropology, geography, art history, and religion, giving; as a result, the book targeted intellectuals, curious travelers, and tourist rather than pilgrims in a moment in which the pilgrimage to Santiago had almost disappeared as a practice. The Way of Saint James is barely known nowadays, so the aim of this research is disseminate it, focusing on the modernity of its approach and pointing at the link that it has with Georgiana King’s understanding of art as a product of the culture and civilization that produces it. In this paper, we will analyze The Way of Saint James in its historiographical context as it was written during the rise of the interest on Spain and its culture in the United States of America; paying special attention on the relationship of the author with the Hispanic Society and sir Archer Milton Huntington. On the other hand, we will look into Georgiana Goddard King’s work as an scholar by analyzing her works and the personal papers (letters, notes, and manuscripts) that she left in Bryn Mawr College, where I have been researching with a Fulbright grant. As a result, we will understand the pioneer approach of this unique guide of the Way of Saint James as a reflection of Georgiana King’s own modernity as an scholar. The wide cultural interests of King gave, as a result, a guide that offers a transversal knowledge of The Way of Saint James, together with King’s impressions and experiences, in the same way of current guides but far from the ‘objective’ and formalist methodology followed by her colleagues. This kind of modernity was badly understood at her time and helped the oblivion of this book as well as her author. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=georgiana%20goddard%20king" title="georgiana goddard king">georgiana goddard king</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20way%20of%20saint%20james" title=" the way of saint james"> the way of saint james</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilgrimage" title=" pilgrimage"> pilgrimage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title=" cultural heritage"> cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guide" title=" guide"> guide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149572/georgiana-g-kings-the-way-of-saint-james-a-pioneer-cultural-guide-of-a-pilgrimage-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1729</span> Examining Kokugaku as a Pattern of Defining Identity in Global Comparison </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%A1ria%20Ildik%C3%B3%20Farkas">Mária Ildikó Farkas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kokugaku of the Edo period can be seen as a key factor of defining cultural (and national) identity in the 18th and early 19th century based on Japanese cultural heritage. Kokugaku focused on Japanese classics, on exploring, studying and reviving (or even inventing) ancient Japanese language, literature, myths, history and also political ideology. ‘Japanese culture’ as such was distinguished from Chinese (and all other) cultures, ‘Japanese identity’ was thus defined. Meiji scholars used kokugaku conceptions of Japan to construct a modern national identity based on the premodern and culturalist conceptions of community. The Japanese cultural movement of the 18-19th centuries (kokugaku) of defining cultural and national identity before modernization can be compared not to the development of Western Europe (where national identity strongly attached to modern nation states) or other parts of Asia (where these emerged after the Western colonization), but rather with the ‘national awakening’ movements of the peoples of East Central Europe, a comparison which have not been dealt with in the secondary literature yet. The role of a common language, culture, history and myths in the process of defining cultural identity – following mainly Miroslav Hroch’s comparative and interdisciplinary theory of national development – can be examined compared to the movements of defining identity of the peoples of East Central Europe (18th-19th c). In the shadow of a cultural and/or political ‘monolith’ (China for Japan and Germany for Central Europe), before modernity, ethnic groups or communities started to evolve their own identities with cultural movements focusing on their own language and culture, thus creating their cultural identity, and in the end, a new sense of community, the nation. Comparing actual texts (‘narratives’) of the kokugaku scholars and Central European writers of the nation building period (18th and early 19th centuries) can reveal the similarities of the discourses of deliberate searches for identity. Similar motives of argument can be identified in these narratives: ‘language’ as the primary bearer of collective identity, the role of language in culture, ‘culture’ as the main common attribute of the community; and similar aspirations to explore, search and develop native language, ‘genuine’ culture, ‘original’ traditions. This comparative research offering ‘development patterns’ for interpretation can help us understand processes that may be ambiguously considered ‘backward’ or even ‘deleterious’ (e.g. cultural nationalism) or just ‘unique’. ‘Cultural identity’ played a very important role in the formation of national identity during modernization especially in the case of non-Western communities, who had to face the danger of losing their identities in the course of ‘Westernization’ accompanying modernization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20identity" title="cultural identity">cultural identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20modernization" title=" Japanese modernization"> Japanese modernization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kokugaku" title=" kokugaku"> kokugaku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20awakening" title=" national awakening"> national awakening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83516/examining-kokugaku-as-a-pattern-of-defining-identity-in-global-comparison" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1728</span> Western and Eastern Ways of Special Warfare: The Strategic History of Special Operations from Western and Eastern Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Kok%20Wey%20Leong">Adam Kok Wey Leong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Special operations were supposedly a new way of irregular warfare that was officially formed during World War 2. For example, the famous British Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Americans’ Office for Strategic Services (OSS) – the forerunners of modern day CIA were born in World War 2. These special operations units were tasked with the conduct of sabotage and subversion activities behind enemy lines, placing great importance in forming Fifth Column activities and supporting resistance movements. This pointed to a paradoxical argument that modern day special operations is a product of Western modern military innovation but utilizing Eastern ways of ‘ungentlemanly’ warfare. This thesis is superfluous as special operations had been well practised by both ancient Western empires such as the Greeks and Romans, and around the same time in the East, such as in China, and Japan. This paper will describe the practice of special operations, first from the Western military history of the Greeks during the Peloponnesian war. It will then highlight the similar practice of special operations by the Near Eastern Assassins and Eastern militaries by using examples from the Chinese and the Japanese. This paper propounds that special operations, or ways of warfare as a whole, has no cultural and geographical divide, but rather very similarly practiced by men from all over the world. Ideas of fighting, killing and ultimately winning a war have similar undertones – attempts to find ways to win economically and at the least time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20operations" title="special operations">special operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20culture" title=" strategic culture"> strategic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ways%20of%20warfare" title=" ways of warfare"> ways of warfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Tzu" title=" Sun Tzu"> Sun Tzu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frontinus" title=" Frontinus"> Frontinus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61434/western-and-eastern-ways-of-special-warfare-the-strategic-history-of-special-operations-from-western-and-eastern-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1727</span> Encounter of Muslim World with Western Social Sciences: Reception, Indigenization, Islamization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Panahi">Mohammad Hossein Panahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern social sciences developed in Western Europe, and from there, it disseminated to the rest of the world, including Muslim World. Within the hierarchical world social science system that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, the West occupied the center, and the Third and Muslim Worlds fell into its periphery. Many social scientists, especially sociologists, in the Third and Muslim World since the 1970s have criticized this worldwide unequal division of scientific labor and have called for the development of independent/indigenous social sciences relevant to their own social conditions. Based on the conceptual framework of the World Social Science System, this paper studied the encounter of Muslim social scientists/sociologists with the Western social sciences. Using inductive thematic content analysis as the method of research, the author analyzed 32 purposefully selected articles from among over 500 collected articles from the 1970s to 2018 and categorized the obtained themes. The findings revealed three main types of encounters: reception, indigenization, and Islamization. ‘Reception’ refers to the encounter of those Muslim social scientists who embrace the positivist approach and believe that Western social sciences are valid and applicable worldwide, including the Muslim World. ‘Indigenization’ refers to the approach of those Muslim social scientists who, along with many critical Third World social scientists, reject the universality of Western social sciences and call for the development of indigenous social sciences. ‘Islamization’ refers to the position of those religious Muslim social scientists who believe that Muslim nations should Islamize social sciences based on the Islamic value and knowledge systems, in order to attain viable social sciences and free themselves from Western domination. Discussing these encounters, their supporters and opponents, the paper concludes that despite various efforts, none of the two alternatives to the Western social sciences have been able to replace it so far. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenization" title="indigenization">indigenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamization" title=" Islamization"> Islamization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20world" title=" Muslim world"> Muslim world</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20social%20science%20system" title=" world social science system"> world social science system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125463/encounter-of-muslim-world-with-western-social-sciences-reception-indigenization-islamization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1726</span> Comparative Study of Poetics of Ancient China and Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junwu%20Tian">Junwu Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chinese poetics originated in the pre-Qin period, while Western poetics came into being in the Hellenistic period. Although there was no mutual communication and influence between the two kinds of poetics due to both geographical distance and chronological displacement, the Sino-Western thinkers shared much in common, particularly in the social function of literature and art, the pursuit of unified and harmonious aesthetics, the advocacy of poets’ subjective initiative in the creative process of literature and art. In the sphere of rhetoric, the poetics of the pre-Qin scholars and their Greek counterparts also had heterogeneous similarities. By comparing the aesthetic ideas of Confucius, Mencius, Xun Zi, and Deng Xi with those of Plato, Aristotle, and Protagoras, this paper intends to reveal the common concerns of Chinese and Western poetics in the context of heterogeneous cultures and in their respective origin periods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pre-Qin%20poetics" title="Pre-Qin poetics">Pre-Qin poetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20Greek%20poetics" title=" ancient Greek poetics"> ancient Greek poetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20similarity" title=" heterogeneous similarity"> heterogeneous similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=origin%20period" title=" origin period"> origin period</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167723/comparative-study-of-poetics-of-ancient-china-and-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1725</span> Music, Politics and Modernisation in China: An Analysis of 'Red Detachment of Women'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Ping">Lei Ping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Western discourse of ‘modernity’ along with its objects, ideologies, and culture are brought to Imperial China by force of arms which confronted Chinese traditions. The struggle and conflicts between ‘Zhong’ (Chinese) and ‘Wai' (foreign), ‘Jiu’(Old) and ‘Xin’(New) are continuous during the turbulent times of 19th Century China. Since the foundation of the People’s Republic in 1949, China has gone through radical social, economic and cultural reform under the Communist Party’s highly centralised and autocratic political regime. The regime and Chairman Mao’s eagerness to identify the new China and establish a revolutionary mono-culture have increased political influence on the modernisation process. The ten years of Cultural Revolution (1966-76) have commonly been neglected and separated from China’s modern history due to its political, emotional and various other associations. Its cultural productions which dictated the Chinese stages during this period, namely the yangbanxi (Model Works), are largely viewed as political propaganda material with little or no artistic value in the nation’s cultural development. This paper argues that far from being anti modernisation of culture, the yangbanxi carry continuities that originate from before the cultural revolution and influence later cultural productions up till today. The focus of the paper is on Hongse Niangzijun (The Red Detachment of Women), a ballet yangbanxi (Model Works) which was performed to President Nixon during his visit to China in 1972. It depicts the female soldier Wu Qionghua’s life story: a transformation from a peasant girl to a mature communist soldier. The first part of the paper begins with an introduction to the cultural, social and political contexts under which the ballet was created and made a yangbanxi (Model work). The second part examines the application of musical devices (e.g. instrumentation, leitmotif), ranging from typical Western techniques to Chinese musical and theatrical traditions. By analysing, connecting and comparing these musical devices of various origins, the paper illustrates that the yangbanxi (Model Works) largely contributes to the ever-present, continuing and evolving modernisation of contemporary Chinese culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20revolution" title="cultural revolution">cultural revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongse%20Niangzijun%20%28Red%20Detachment%20of%20Women%29" title=" Hongse Niangzijun (Red Detachment of Women)"> Hongse Niangzijun (Red Detachment of Women)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20China" title=" modern China"> modern China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yangbanxi%20%28model%20works%29" title=" Yangbanxi (model works)"> Yangbanxi (model works)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88365/music-politics-and-modernisation-in-china-an-analysis-of-red-detachment-of-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1724</span> Linguistic Analysis of Holy Scriptures: A Comparative Study of Islamic Jurisprudence and the Western Hermeneutical Tradition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Ammad">Sana Ammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tradition of linguistic analysis in Islam and Christianity has developed independently of each other in lieu of the social developments specific to their historical context. However, recently increasing number of Muslim academics educated in the West have tried to apply the Western tradition of linguistic interpretation to the Qur’anic text while completely disregarding the Islamic linguistic tradition used and developed by the traditional scholars over the centuries. The aim of the paper is to outline the linguistic tools and methods used by the traditional Islamic scholars for the purpose of interpretating the Holy Qur’an and shed light on how they contribute towards a better understanding of the text compared to their Western counterparts. This paper carries out a descriptive-comparative study of the linguistic tools developed and perfected by the traditional scholars in Islam for the purpose of textual analysis of the Qur’an as they have been described in the authentic works of Usul Al Fiqh (Jurisprudence) and the principles of textual analysis employed by the Western hermeneutical tradition for the study of the Bible. First, it briefly outlines the independent historical development of the two traditions emphasizing the final normative shape that they have taken. Then it draws a comparison of the two traditions highlighting the similarities and the differences existing between them. In the end, the paper demonstrates the level of academic excellence achieved by the traditional linguistic scholars in their efforts to develop appropriate tools of textual interpretation and how these tools are more suitable for interpreting the Qur’an compared to the Western principles. Since the aim of interpreters of both the traditions is to try and attain an objective understanding of the Scriptures, the emphasis of the paper shall be to highlight how well the Islamic method of linguistic interpretation contributes to an objective understanding of the Qur’anic text. The paper concludes with the following findings: The Western hermeneutical tradition of linguistic analysis developed within the Western historical context. However, the Islamic method of linguistic analysis is much more highly developed and complex and serves better the purpose of objective understanding of the Holy text. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20jurisprudence" title="Islamic jurisprudence">Islamic jurisprudence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20analysis" title=" linguistic analysis"> linguistic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textual%20interpretation" title=" textual interpretation"> textual interpretation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20hermeneutics" title=" western hermeneutics"> western hermeneutics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65399/linguistic-analysis-of-holy-scriptures-a-comparative-study-of-islamic-jurisprudence-and-the-western-hermeneutical-tradition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1723</span> Analysis of Some Solutions to Protect the Western Tombolo of Giens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yves%20Lacroix">Yves Lacroix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Van%20Than"> Van Van Than</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didier%20L%C3%A9andri"> Didier Léandri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Liardet"> Pierre Liardet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tombolo of Giens is located in the town of Hyères (France). We recall the history of coastal erosion, and prominent factors affecting the evolution of the western tombolo. We then discuss the possibility of stabilizing the western tombolo. Our argumentation relies on a coupled model integrating swells, currents, water levels and sediment transport. We present the conclusions of the simulations of various scenarios, including pre-existing propositions from coastal engineering offices. We conclude that beach replenishment seems to be necessary but not sufficient for the stabilization of the beach. Breakwaters reveal effective particularly in the most exposed northern area. Some solutions fulfill conditions so as to be elected as satisfactory. We give a comparative analysis of the efficiency of 14 alternatives for the protection of the tombolo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakwaters" title="breakwaters">breakwaters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20models" title=" coupled models"> coupled models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replenishment" title=" replenishment"> replenishment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silting" title=" silting"> silting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26605/analysis-of-some-solutions-to-protect-the-western-tombolo-of-giens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20modernity&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20modernity&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20modernity&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20modernity&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20modernity&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20modernity&page=6">6</a></li> <li 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