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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contents of the <span><i>motu proprio</i></span></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contents_of_the_motu_proprio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contents of the <span><i>motu proprio</i></span> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contents_of_the_motu_proprio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_Summorum_Pontificum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_Summorum_Pontificum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Summary of <span><i>Summorum Pontificum</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_Summorum_Pontificum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conditions_for_use_of_the_1962_Missal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conditions_for_use_of_the_1962_Missal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Conditions for use of the 1962 Missal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conditions_for_use_of_the_1962_Missal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_the_accompanying_letter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_the_accompanying_letter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Summary of the accompanying letter</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Summary_of_the_accompanying_letter-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Summary of the accompanying letter subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_the_accompanying_letter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Interior_reconciliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interior_reconciliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Interior reconciliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interior_reconciliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appeal_of_the_ancient_form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appeal_of_the_ancient_form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Appeal of the ancient form</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appeal_of_the_ancient_form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reactions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reactions_by_Catholic_bishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_by_Catholic_bishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reactions by Catholic bishops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_by_Catholic_bishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_of_traditionalist_Catholic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_of_traditionalist_Catholic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Reactions of traditionalist Catholic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_of_traditionalist_Catholic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SSPX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SSPX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>SSPX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SSPX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Orthodox_Patriarch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Orthodox_Patriarch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Russian Orthodox Patriarch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Orthodox_Patriarch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Jewish reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benedict_XVI's_2008_commentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benedict_XVI's_2008_commentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Benedict XVI's 2008 commentary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benedict_XVI's_2008_commentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universae_Ecclesiae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universae_Ecclesiae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><span><i>Universae Ecclesiae</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universae_Ecclesiae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abrogation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abrogation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Abrogation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abrogation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_pontificum" title="Summorum pontificum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Summorum pontificum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum_(motu_proprio)" title="Summorum Pontificum (motu proprio) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Summorum Pontificum (motu proprio)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9%EB%93%A4" title="교황들 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교황들" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_pontificum" title="Summorum pontificum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Summorum pontificum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Summorum Pontificum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_pontificum" title="Summorum pontificum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Summorum pontificum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E4%BB%BB%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97_(%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E7%89%A7%E5%87%BD)" title="歷任教宗 (宗座牧函) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="歷任教宗 (宗座牧函)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q594673#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: gold;"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'Of the Supreme Pontiffs'</small><br /><small> <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope <span class="nowrap">Benedict XVI</span></a></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="1021" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Signature date </span></th><td class="infobox-data">7 July 2007</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20070707_summorum-pontificum.html">In Latin</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20070707_summorum-pontificum.html">In English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px"><div style="float: left;">← <i>De aliquibus mutationibus normis de electione Romani Pontificis</i></div> <div style="float: right;"><i>Quaerit semper</i> →</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span></b> (English: 'Of the Supreme Pontiffs') is an <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter#Letters_of_the_popes_in_modern_times" title="Ecclesiastical letter">apostolic letter</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, issued in July 2007. This letter specifies the circumstances in which <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">priests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> could celebrate <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> according to the "<a href="/wiki/1962_missal" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 missal">Missal promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962</a>" (the last edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a>, in the form known as the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a>) and administer most of the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments</a> in the form used before <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Paul_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Paul VI">the liturgical reforms</a> that followed the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>. </p><p>It granted greater freedom for priests to use the Tridentine liturgy in its 1962 form, stating that all priests of the Latin Church may freely celebrate Mass with the 1962 Missal privately. It also provided that "in <a href="/wiki/Parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes">parishes</a> where a group of the faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition stably exists, the parish priest should willingly accede to their requests to celebrate Holy Mass according to the rite of the 1962 Roman Missal" and should "ensure that the good of these members of the faithful is harmonised with the ordinary <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_care" title="Pastoral care">pastoral care</a> of the parish, under the governance of the <a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">bishop</a>". </p><p>The Tridentine, Latin-language form of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Pontificale_Romanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificale Romanum">Pontificale Romanum</a></i></span> was allowed for the celebration of all the seven <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments</a>. In the same article 9, it also allowed the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a> as <a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_Roman_Breviary_by_Pope_Pius_X" title="Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X">revised under Pius X</a> to clergymen ordained (<a href="/wiki/Deacons" class="mw-redirect" title="Deacons">deacons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">priests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">bishops</a>). In July 2021, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> abrogated <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span> with the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></span> which established the new circumstances for celebration of the 1962 Roman Missal.<sup id="cite_ref-MPTC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPTC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unchurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Unchurch.jpg/220px-Unchurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Unchurch.jpg/330px-Unchurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Unchurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>A pre-1969 Roman Rite <a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">altar</a> with <a href="/wiki/Reredos" title="Reredos">reredos</a>. A main altar was usually preceded by three steps, below which were said the prayers at the foot of the altar. Side altars usually had only one step.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass (Catholic Church)">Mass</a> has undergone, especially in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass#Early_changes" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">the early centuries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy#History_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Mass" title="Christian liturgy">various developments</a>. In response to <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i></span>, the 1963 document of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, it was systematically revised, leading to the publication, in 1970, of Pope Paul VI's revision of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a>, which some <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist Catholics">Traditionalist Catholics</a> claimed constituted a rupture with what went before.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such concerns led French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre to found a seminary and society of priests – the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_St._Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St. Pius X">Society of St. Pius X</a> (SSPX) – dedicated to the exclusive celebration of sacraments according to the traditional Roman Rite, in 1970. Canonically suspended by the Holy See in 1976, Lefebvre continued negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> over the following decade. While these negotiations did not produce a regularization of the SSPX, they did induce John Paul II to issue a decree in 1984, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_Abhinc_Annos" class="mw-redirect" title="Quattuor Abhinc Annos">Quattuor Abhinc Annos</a></i></span>, providing a limited permission, or indult, to celebrate the traditional Roman Rite.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many traditionalists, frustrated with the unwillingness of most bishops to implement the indult in their dioceses, demanded what they called a <a href="/wiki/Universal_indult" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal indult">universal indult</a> whereby all priests would be allowed to use the former rite even publicly without seeking any specific authorisation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>International monthly <i>30Days</i> interviewed <a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_Castrill%C3%B3n_Hoyos" title="Darío Castrillón Hoyos">Castrillón Hoyos</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a>, the body charged with overseeing the implementation of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio Summorum Pontificum</i></span>, who commented on <i>30Days</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> question whether, even after publication of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>, "a small minority of believers may impose the Mass of Saint Pius V on the parish". He stated: "Those who say that obviously haven't read the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>. It's clear that no parish priest will be obliged to celebrate the Mass of Saint Pius V. Only that if a group of the faithful, having a priest disposed to say it, asks to celebrate this Mass, the parish priest or the rector of the church can't oppose it."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_St._Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St. Pius X">Society of St. Pius X</a>, whose founder <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre</a> was <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicated</a> in 1988 following the <a href="/wiki/Ec%C3%B4ne_Consecrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecône Consecrations">Ecône Consecrations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> set permission to use the Tridentine Mass as a preliminary condition for engaging in any <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialogue" title="Dialogue">dialogue</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents_of_the_motu_proprio">Contents of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contents of the motu proprio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As is customary for papal documents, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> (which has no title) is referred to by its <a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">incipit</a>, the opening words of the (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) original text: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span>. "<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Pontiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Pontiff">Supreme Pontiff</a>" is a title of the popes, and the opening sentence states that it has always been a concern "of the Supreme Pontiffs" that the Church should offer fitting worship to God. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_of_Summorum_Pontificum">Summary of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Summary of Summorum Pontificum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostra_Brama_wnetrze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ostra_Brama_wnetrze.jpg/200px-Ostra_Brama_wnetrze.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ostra_Brama_wnetrze.jpg/300px-Ostra_Brama_wnetrze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ostra_Brama_wnetrze.jpg/400px-Ostra_Brama_wnetrze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Low Mass celebrated at the <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn Gate">Chapel of the Dawn Gate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Wilno</a> (Vilnius). Interior in 1864.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pope Benedict XVI released the document after "much reflection, numerous consultations, and prayer". In article 1 of the document, he spoke of "the typical edition of the Roman Missal, which was promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962", as "never abrogated". In the letter he specified this as "never juridically abrogated". In article 2 he stated that, "in Masses celebrated without a congregation, any Catholic priest of the Latin rite, whether secular or regular, may use either the Roman Missal published in 1962 by Blessed Pope John XXIII or the Roman Missal promulgated in 1970 by Pope Paul VI, and may do so on any day, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Triduum" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Triduum">Easter Triduum</a>". For such a celebration with either Missal, the priest needs no permission from the Apostolic See or from his own Ordinary. In article 4, he said that these Masses celebrated without a congregation "may be attended also by members of the lay faithful who spontaneously request to do so, with respect for the requirements of law". </p><p>The document superseded the letter <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_Abhinc_Annos" class="mw-redirect" title="Quattuor Abhinc Annos">Quattuor Abhinc Annos</a></i></span> of 1984 and the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></span> of 1988, which had allowed individual bishops, under certain conditions, to establish places where Mass could be said using the 1962 <a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It granted greater freedom for priests to use the Tridentine liturgy in its 1962 form, stating that all priests of the Latin Church may freely celebrate Mass with the 1962 Missal privately. It also provided that "in parishes where a group of the faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition stably exists, the parish priest should willingly accede to their requests to celebrate Holy Mass according to the rite of the 1962 Roman Missal" and should "ensure that the good of these members of the faithful is harmonised with the ordinary pastoral care of the parish, under the governance of the bishop" (Article 5). </p><p>Regarding public Masses, the Pope asked parish priests and rectors of churches to permit, at the request of a group of the faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition stably existing in the <a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">parish</a>, celebration of a Tridentine Mass on weekdays, but also one such Mass on Sundays and <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">feasts</a>, by a priest who is qualified and who is not excluded by law, and to grant permission also if requested "in special circumstances such as marriages, funerals or occasional celebrations, e.g. pilgrimages".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from celebration of Mass, Pope Benedict authorised parish priests to grant, "after careful consideration" and "if advantageous for the good of souls", permission to use the older ritual in the administration of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic marriage">Marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrament of Penance (Catholic Church)">Penance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a>. He also allowed bishops, on the same condition, to use the earlier <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Pontifical</a> in administering <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation (Catholic Church)">Confirmation</a>, and permitted clergy to use the 1962 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bishops could establish "personal parishes" or appoint chaplains for administering the sacraments according to the old form.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission <i>Ecclesia Dei</i></a>, whose role the document confirmed, was given authority to ensure observance of the rules laid down in the document.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stable groups of the kind mentioned in article 5 whose parish priest does not grant them their request should inform the diocesan bishop, who is asked to satisfy their desire. If he does not wish to do so, they should inform the Pontifical Commission, to which also a bishop who does not have the means to respond to their wish can have recourse for advice and assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> allows what some traditionalists would call the novelty of proclaiming the Scripture readings "also" in the vernacular language in Masses with a congregation,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the accompanying letter the Pope said that "new Saints and some of the new Prefaces can and should be inserted in the old Missal", a matter that he committed for study to the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conditions_for_use_of_the_1962_Missal">Conditions for use of the 1962 Missal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conditions for use of the 1962 Missal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mse_podle_misalu_z_roku_1962_Praha_Karlov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mse_podle_misalu_z_roku_1962_Praha_Karlov.jpg/220px-Mse_podle_misalu_z_roku_1962_Praha_Karlov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mse_podle_misalu_z_roku_1962_Praha_Karlov.jpg/330px-Mse_podle_misalu_z_roku_1962_Praha_Karlov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mse_podle_misalu_z_roku_1962_Praha_Karlov.jpg/440px-Mse_podle_misalu_z_roku_1962_Praha_Karlov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Assisted mass by missal 1962 (<a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The conditions for the use of the 1962 Missal previously in force were replaced by the following: </p> <ul><li>"In Masses celebrated without a congregation, any Catholic priest of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, whether secular or religious, may use either the Roman Missal published in 1962 by Blessed John XXIII, or the Roman Missal promulgated in 1970 by Pope Paul VI, and may do so on any day, with the exception of the Easter Triduum (when Masses without a congregation are not allowed). For such a celebration with either Missal, the priest needs no permission from the Apostolic See or from his own Ordinary. The celebrations of Mass mentioned above<span class="nowrap"> </span>... may be attended also by members of the lay faithful who spontaneously request to do so, with respect for the requirements of law." (Articles 2 and 4)</li> <li>"In parishes where a group of the faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition stably exists, the parish priest should willingly accede to their requests to celebrate Holy Mass according to the rite of the 1962 Roman Missal. He should ensure that the good of these members of the faithful is harmonized with the ordinary pastoral care of the parish, under the governance of the bishop in accordance with Canon 392, avoiding discord and favouring the unity of the whole Church. In churches other than parish or conventual churches, it is for the rector of the church to grant the above permission." (Article 5 §1 and §5)<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>"Celebration according to the Missal of Blessed John XXIII can take place on weekdays; on Sundays and feast days, however, such a celebration may also take place." The English translation omits the limitation on Sundays and feast days to a single such Mass. This limitation is expressed in the Latin text, which is what has juridical value. (Article 5 §2)<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>"For those faithful or priests who request it, the pastor should allow celebrations in this extraordinary form also in special circumstances such as marriages, funerals or occasional celebrations, e.g. pilgrimages." (Article 5 §3)<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>"Priests using the Missal of Blessed John XXIII must be qualified (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">idonei</i></span>) and not prevented by law." Excommunication or suspension <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">a divinis</i></span> would be examples of legal prohibitions against celebrating Mass. (Article 5 §4)</li> <li>If communities of <a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutes of Consecrated Life">Institutes of Consecrated Life</a> and <a href="/wiki/Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Societies of Apostolic Life">Societies of Apostolic Life</a>, whether of pontifical or diocesan right, wish to celebrate the conventual or community Mass in their own oratories according to the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal, they are permitted to do so. If an individual community or an entire Institute or Society wishes to have such celebrations frequently, habitually or permanently, the matter is to be decided by the Major Superiors according to the norm of law and their particular laws and statutes." (Article 3)</li></ul> <p>In an interview on <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a>, the then Cardinal President of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a> <a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_Castrill%C3%B3n_Hoyos" title="Darío Castrillón Hoyos">Darío Castrillón Hoyos</a> commented that "priests can decide, without permission from the Holy See or the bishop, to celebrate the Mass in the ancient rite. And this holds true for all priests. It is the parish priests who must open the doors to those priests that, having the faculty [to do so], go to celebrate. It is not therefore necessary to ask any other permission."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 2 of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> applies, without distinction, to priests of the Latin Rite, all of whom are therefore authorized to use, in Masses celebrated without the people, either the older (1962) or the newer (1970) form of the Roman Rite, even if they are also authorized to use another <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin liturgical rite">Latin liturgical rite</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a>. It does not apply to priests of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>. It concerns only the Roman Rite and does not deal with use of older forms of other Latin liturgical rites, which is a matter for the authorities charged with regulating those rites. </p><p>With letter 13/2007 of 20 January 2010 the Pontifical Council Ecclesia Dei responded positively to a question whether a parish priest (pastor) or another priest may on his own initiative publicly celebrate the extraordinary form, along with the customary regular use of the new form, "so that the faithful, both young and old, can familiarize themselves with the old rites and benefit from their perceptible beauty and transcendence". Although the Council accompanied this response with the observation that a stable group of the faithful attached to the older form has a right to assist at Mass in the extraordinary form, a website that published the response interpreted it as not requiring the existence of such a stable group.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_the_accompanying_letter">Summary of the accompanying letter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Summary of the accompanying letter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his accompanying letter, Pope Benedict explained that his action was aimed at broadly and generously providing for the rituals which nourished the faithful for centuries and at "coming to an interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church" with <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist Catholic">Traditionalist Catholics</a> in disagreement with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, such as the members of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_St._Pius_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St. Pius X">Society of St. Pius X</a>. He stated that, while it had first been thought that interest in the Tridentine Mass would disappear with the older generation that had grown up with it, some young persons too have "felt its attraction and found in it a form of encounter with the mystery of the Eucharist particularly suited to them." In view of fears expressed while the document was in preparation, he took pains to emphasize that his decision in no way detracts from the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> and that, not only for juridical reasons, but also because the requisite "degree of liturgical formation and some knowledge of the Latin language" are not found very often, "the Missal published by Paul VI and then republished in two subsequent editions by John Paul II, obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Forma ordinaria</i></span> – of the Eucharistic Liturgy."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <a href="/wiki/Cover_letter" title="Cover letter">cover letter</a> to the bishops, Pope Benedict declared unfounded two fears that had been expressed with regard to the change that he was making: that the change would detract from the authority of the Second Vatican Council; and that it would lead to disarray or even divisions within parish communities. </p><p>He recognised that "there have been exaggerations and at times social aspects unduly linked to the attitude of the faithful attached to the ancient Latin liturgical tradition." To avoid the situation whereby the desire to recover the old form of liturgy "occurred above all because in many places celebrations were not faithful to the prescriptions of the new Missal, but the latter actually was understood as authorising or even requiring creativity, which frequently led to deformations of the liturgy which were hard to bear<span class="nowrap"> </span>... caus[ing] deep pain to individuals totally rooted in the faith of the Church", he recommended faithful observance of the Missal of Paul VI: "The most sure guarantee that the Missal of Paul VI can unite parish communities and be loved by them consists in its being celebrated with great reverence in harmony with the liturgical directives. This will bring out the spiritual richness and the theological depth of this Missal." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior_reconciliation">Interior reconciliation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Interior reconciliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benedict cited "interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church" as a "positive reason" for the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>. </p><p>Benedict, who himself led discussions with the <a href="/wiki/SSPX" class="mw-redirect" title="SSPX">SSPX</a> during his tenure as <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">Prefect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>, gave as a reason for making the effort represented by his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> the regretted fact that, "over the centuries<span class="nowrap"> </span>... at critical moments when divisions were coming about, not enough was done by the Church's leaders to maintain or regain reconciliation and unity" and "omissions on the part of the Church have had their share of blame for the fact that these divisions were able to harden." However, he pointed out, in the same cover letter, that, "needless to say, in order to experience full communion, the priests of <a href="/wiki/Communities_using_the_Tridentine_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities using the Tridentine Mass">the communities adhering to the former usage</a> cannot, as a matter of principle, exclude celebrating according to the new books. The total exclusion of the new rite would not in fact be consistent with the recognition of its value and holiness." </p><p>The Pope clarified that, as a result of his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>, "the last version of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Missale Romanum</i></span> prior to the Council, which was published with the authority of Pope John XXIII in 1962 and used during the Council will now be able to be used as a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Forma extraordinaria</i></span> of the liturgical celebration", but that "the Missal published by Paul VI and then republished in two subsequent editions by John Paul II obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Forma ordinaria</i></span> – of the Eucharistic Liturgy"; and that: "It is clearly seen that the new Missal will certainly remain the ordinary Form of the Roman Rite, not only on account of the juridical norms, but also because of the actual situation of the communities of the faithful."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After saying in his letter to bishops, with which he accompanied the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>, that "in the movement led by Archbishop Lefebvre, fidelity to the old Missal became an external mark of identity", Pope Benedict added: "The reasons for the break which arose over this, however, were at a deeper level." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appeal_of_the_ancient_form">Appeal of the ancient form</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Appeal of the ancient form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from the question of reconciliation with traditionalist groups, the Pope also mentioned that, immediately after the promulgation of the new form of the Mass, it was presumed that "requests for the use of the 1962 Missal would be limited to the older generation which had grown up with it", but recognizes that "in the meantime it has clearly been demonstrated that young persons too have discovered this liturgical form, felt its attraction and found in it a form of encounter with the Mystery of the Most Holy Eucharist, particularly suited to them." Due to this continuing appeal of the ancient form of the Mass across generational groups, it was felt that cases should no longer be decided on a case-by-case basis, and that instead the need had arisen for "clearer juridical regulation which had not been foreseen" in the past. </p><p>The Pope stressed: "There is no contradiction between the two editions of the Roman Missal. In the history of the liturgy there is growth and progress, but no rupture. What earlier generations held as sacred, remains sacred and great for us too, and it cannot be all of a sudden entirely forbidden or even considered harmful. It behooves all of us to preserve the riches which have developed in the Church's faith and prayer, and to give them their proper place." He continued by demanding recognition also of the "value and holiness" of celebration according to the new books. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions_by_Catholic_bishops">Reactions by Catholic bishops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reactions by Catholic bishops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most internal official reactions emphasised the wish of unity and reconciliation within the Church: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Conference_of_Scotland" title="Bishops' Conference of Scotland">Bishops' Conference of Scotland</a> said in a statement that the document "reflects the pastoral concern" of Benedict XVI "for those who find themselves drawn to that form of the Eucharistic celebration,<span class="nowrap"> </span>... a pastoral concern which the bishops of Scotland share," sharing the Pope's "concern about the unity of the Church."<sup id="cite_ref-welcome_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcome-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>An atypical reaction was that of Chilean bishop <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Err%C3%A1zuriz" title="Juan Ignacio González Errázuriz">Juan Ignacio González Errázuriz</a>, who said the document was aimed not so much at "putting an end to the schism of Archbishop Lefebvre and his followers" as at promoting unity among Chinese Catholics.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, even the parts of the Catholic Church in China that were under the control of the Government-created <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Patriotic_Catholic_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association">Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association</a> had for years already been using the revised form of the Mass and in the vernacular, not the Tridentine Mass in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Italian bishop <a href="/wiki/Luca_Brandolini" title="Luca Brandolini">Luca Brandolini</a> said, "I can't fight back the tears. This is the saddest moment in my life as a man, priest and bishop. It's a day of mourning, not just for me but for the many people who worked for the Second Vatican Council. A reform for which many people worked, with great sacrifice and only inspired by the desire to renew the Church, has now been cancelled."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Others expressed concern that the loosening of the restrictions for celebration of the Mass would cause practical problems for parish priests who might be pressured to offer the Mass according to the 1962 Missal,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that such pressure would "seem like a standard aimed at testing the priests' loyalty to the pope":<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Cardinal Castrillón responded to this concern by pointing out that the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> does not oblige any priest to use the 1962 Missal: all that the parish priest or rector of a church is asked to do is to permit a stable group adhering to the earlier tradition and who have a priest disposed to use that Missal to celebrate Mass in the church.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In response to these concerns, a number of Bishops announced their intentions to issue guidance on how best to implement <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span> in their dioceses in line with the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>'s rule that "Priests who use the Missal of Bl. John XXIII must be qualified to do so". </p> <ul><li>One of these was Bishop <a href="/wiki/Donald_Walter_Trautman" title="Donald Walter Trautman">Donald W. Trautman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Erie" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Erie">Diocese of Erie, Pennsylvania</a>, who indicated that those priests who celebrate such a Mass would first need to show that they have the requisite knowledge of its rubrics and of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Cormac_Murphy-O%27Connor" title="Cormac Murphy-O'Connor">Cormac Murphy-O'Connor</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, said: "On behalf of the bishops of England and Wales, I welcome the Holy Father's call for unity within the Church and especially toward those who are very attached to celebrating the Mass according to the Missal of 1962."<sup id="cite_ref-welcome_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcome-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Writer Damian Thompson, Editor-in-chief of the <i>Catholic Herald</i> and <i>Telegraph</i> journalist and blogger,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claimed on 16 November 2007 that, as a result of the publication of Pope Benedict's document of 7 July 2007, "Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Cormac_Murphy-O%27Connor" title="Cormac Murphy-O'Connor">Murphy-O'Connor</a> was most displeased. Last week he hit back with a 'commentary' on <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span>. According to Murphy-O'Connor, the ruling leaves the power of local bishops untouched. In fact, it removes the bishops' power to block the ancient liturgy; the cardinal is misrepresenting its contents."<sup id="cite_ref-radical_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions_of_traditionalist_Catholic_groups">Reactions of traditionalist Catholic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reactions of traditionalist Catholic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various advocates for the Tridentine Mass voiced cautious optimism for the future and prepared for the practical aspects of the decision. In a statement, The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Mass_Society_of_Ireland" title="Latin Mass Society of Ireland">Latin Mass Society of Ireland</a> said: "We are very grateful to the Pope for enriching the life of the Church in this way and for enhancing legitimate liturgical diversity. In doing this Pope Benedict is building on the foundation laid by his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in his 1988 <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei Adflicta</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-LatinMassSoc_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatinMassSoc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Mass_Society_of_England_and_Wales" title="Latin Mass Society of England and Wales">Latin Mass Society of England and Wales</a> said: "Thirty-seven years ago, the Latin Mass Society was denounced by <a href="/wiki/The_Universe_(Catholic_newspaper)" title="The Universe (Catholic newspaper)">The Universe</a> newspaper for its attachment to the Traditional Latin Rite under the banner headline, 'Latin Madness'. Today, the loyalty, determination and sufferings of the Traditional faithful have been vindicated by Pope Benedict XVI's wise and pastoral <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>. This [decision] puts an end to the discrimination, marginalisation and exclusion which, too often, Traditional Catholics have suffered. ...However, now is the time for the 'interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church' for which Pope Benedict calls".<sup id="cite_ref-LatinMassSoc_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatinMassSoc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SSPX">SSPX</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: SSPX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditionalist <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">Society of Saint Pius X</a> (SSPX), which was consulted by Pope Benedict during the process, said in a statement of the SSPX Superior General <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fellay" title="Bernard Fellay">Bernard Fellay</a> that it "extends its deep gratitude to the Sovereign Pontiff [Benedict] for this great spiritual benefit" and "rejoices to see the Church thus regain her liturgical Tradition, and give the possibility of a free access to the treasure of the Traditional Mass<span class="nowrap"> </span>... (for those) who had so far been deprived of it". The Society, however, points out that "difficulties still remain". It wishes that the "favorable climate established by the Holy See" will "make it possible to consider more serenely the disputed doctrinal issues" and that the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">decree of excommunication which still affects its bishops</a> be withdrawn. Fellay adds: "The letter which accompanies the Motu Proprio does not hide however the difficulties that still remain", then stated that the Society is eager "after the decree of excommunication which still affects its bishops has been withdrawn—to consider more serenely the disputed doctrinal issues."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Orthodox_Patriarch">Russian Orthodox Patriarch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russian Orthodox Patriarch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Alexius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Alexius II">Patriarch Alexius II</a> responded to the question, "The Pope has published a document restoring the possibility of using the Missal of Saint Pius V for celebrating the Eucharist. How do you judge this decision?", by saying: "Recovering and recognizing the value of ancient liturgical tradition is something we welcome. We hold very strongly to tradition. Without the faithful guardianship of liturgical tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> would not have been able to resist the period of persecution."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_reaction">Jewish reaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Jewish reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jewish <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> (ADL) attacked the document, because the text of the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Prayer_for_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday Prayer for the Jews">Good Friday Prayer for the Jews</a> in the 1962 Missal includes a request to God to "lift the veil" from Jewish hearts and to show mercy, according to one translation, "<em>even</em> to the Jews" (or "<em>also</em> to the Jews"), and refers to "the blindness of that people" (to Christ).<sup id="cite_ref-ADL_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADL-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other objections were raised in the mistaken belief that the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Prayer_for_the_Jews#1955_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday Prayer for the Jews">pre-1960 form</a> of the Prayer for the Jews that was included in the original form of the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> was being restored,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a form that spoke of "the faithless Jews" (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pro perfidis Iudaeis</i></span>), which some interpreted as meaning "the perfidious Jews". Pope John XXIII replaced this prayer in 1959, so that it does not appear in the missal permitted by <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a> (AJC) stated in a press release: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We acknowledge that the Church's liturgy is an internal Catholic matter and this <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> from Pope Benedict XVI is based on the permission given by John Paul II in 1988 and thus, on principle, is nothing new. However we are naturally concerned about how wider use of this Tridentine liturgy may impact upon how Jews are perceived and treated. We appreciate that the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> actually limits the use of the Latin Mass in the days prior to Easter, which addresses the reference in the Good Friday liturgy concerning the Jews.<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] However, it is still not clear that this qualification applies to all situations and we have called on the Vatican to contradict the negative implications that some in the Jewish community and beyond have drawn concerning the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In response to such continued complaints, Pope Benedict XVI in 2008 replaced the prayer in the 1962 Missal with <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Prayer_for_the_Jews#2008_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday Prayer for the Jews">a newly composed prayer</a> that makes no mention of blindness or darkness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benedict_XVI's_2008_commentary"><span id="Benedict_XVI.27s_2008_commentary"></span>Benedict XVI's 2008 commentary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Benedict XVI's 2008 commentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 2008 interview in during his flight to France, Benedict XVI said <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span> "is merely an act of tolerance, with a pastoral aim, for those people who were brought up with <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">this liturgy</a>, who love it, are familiar with it and want to live with this liturgy. They form a small group, because this presupposes a schooling in Latin, a training in a certain culture. Yet for these people, to have the love and tolerance to let them live with this liturgy seems to me a normal requirement of the faith and pastoral concern of any Bishop of our Church. There is no opposition between the <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">liturgy renewed by the Second Vatican Council</a> and this liturgy."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Universae_Ecclesiae"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Universae Ecclesiae</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Universae Ecclesiae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the approval of Pope Benedict XVI, the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a> issued the instruction <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Universae Ecclesiae</i></span> of 30 April 2011, feast of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Saint Pius V</a>, to clarify some aspects of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span>. </p><p>The normative part of the document (nn.12-35) contains 23 brief points on various arguments. It reaffirms the competence of the diocesan bishops in implementing the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>, recalling that in the event of a dispute about the celebration in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> judgement falls to the Ecclesia Dei Commission. It clarifies the concept of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">coetus fidelium</i></span> (in short "group of faithful") <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">stabiliter existens</i></span> ("stable") whose desire to participate in the celebration of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> must be welcomed and accepted by pastors. While leaving the assessment of the number of people required for its establishment to the wise judgement of pastors, it states that the group does not necessarily have to be composed of persons belonging to a single parish, but may result from people who come together from different parishes or even from other dioceses. While always taking into account compliance with wider pastoral needs, the Instruction proposes a spirit of "generous welcome" towards groups of faithful who request the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> or priests who request to occasionally celebrate in such a form with some of the faithful. The clarification (n.19) according to which the faithful who request the celebration in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> "must not in any way support or belong to groups that show themselves to be contrary to the validity or legitimacy of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma ordinaria</i></span>" and/or authority of the Pope, is most important. This would be in flagrant contradiction to the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span>'s very aim of "reconciliation". Priests must have a sufficient knowledge of Latin and know the rite to be celebrated. Bishops are therefore encouraged to make proper formation for this purpose available in seminaries, and the possibility of recourse, if there are no other suitable priests, to the collaboration of priests from the Institutes set up by the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ecclesia Dei</i></span> Commission (which normally use the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span>) is also indicated.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of the 1962 forms of conferring Holy Orders is permitted only in those <a href="/wiki/Communities_using_the_Tridentine_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities using the Tridentine Mass">institutes that exclusively celebrate the 1962 Missal</a> that are under the Pontifical Commission <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ecclesia Dei</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 8 specified the aims of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span> as: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div><ol type="a"><li>offering to all the faithful the Roman Liturgy in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Usus Antiquior</i></span>, considered as a precious treasure to be preserved;</li><li>effectively guaranteeing and ensuring the use of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> for all who ask for it, given that the use of the 1962 Roman Liturgy is a faculty generously granted for the good of the faithful and therefore is to be interpreted in a sense favourable to the faithful who are its principal addressees;</li><li>promoting reconciliation at the heart of the Church.</li></ol></div></blockquote> <p>Other sections include: </p> <ul><li>On diocesan bishops:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>14. It is the task of the Diocesan Bishop to undertake all necessary measures to ensure respect for the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> of the Roman Rite, according to the Motu Proprio <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span>.</p></blockquote></li> <li>On the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">coetus fidelium</i></span> ("group of the faithful"):<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>19. The faithful who ask for the celebration of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> must not in any way support or belong to groups which show themselves to be against the validity or legitimacy of the Holy Mass or the Sacraments celebrated in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma ordinaria</i></span> or against the Roman Pontiff as Supreme Pastor of the Universal Church.</p></blockquote> The head of the Holy See's Press Office, Father <a href="/wiki/Federico_Lombardi" title="Federico Lombardi">Federico Lombardi</a> called this clarification "most important".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sacerdos idoneus</i></span>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>20. With respect to the question of the necessary requirements for a priest to be held <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">idoneus</i></span> ("qualified") to celebrate in the forma extraordinaria, the following is hereby stated:</p><div><ol type="a"><li>Every Catholic priest who is not impeded by Canon Law is to be considered <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">idoneus</i></span> ("qualified") for the celebration of the Holy Mass in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span>.</li><li>Regarding the use of the Latin language, a basic knowledge is necessary, allowing the priest to pronounce the words correctly and understand their meaning.</li><li>Regarding knowledge of the execution of the Rite, priests are presumed to be qualified who present themselves spontaneously to celebrate the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span>, and have celebrated it previously.</li></ol></div><p> 21. Ordinaries are asked<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to offer their clergy the possibility of acquiring adequate preparation for celebrations in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span>. This applies also to Seminaries, where future priests should be given proper formation, including study of Latin and, where pastoral needs suggest it, the opportunity to learn the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span> of the Roman Rite.</p></blockquote></li> <li>On norms of law later than 1962:</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>27. With regard to the disciplinary norms connected to celebration, the ecclesiastical discipline contained in the Code of Canon Law of 1983 applies.<br /> 28. Furthermore, by virtue of its character of special law, within its own area, the Motu Proprio <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span> derogates from those provisions of law, connected with the sacred Rites, promulgated from 1962 onwards and incompatible with the rubrics of the liturgical books in effect in 1962.</p></blockquote> <ul><li>On the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Triduum Sacrum</i></span>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>33. If there is a qualified priest, a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">coetus fidelium</i></span> ("group of faithful") which follows the older liturgical tradition can also celebrate the Sacred Triduum in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">forma extraordinaria</i></span>. When there is no church or oratory designated exclusively for such celebrations, the parish priest or Ordinary, in agreement with the qualified priest, should find some arrangement favourable to the good of souls, not excluding the possibility of a repetition of the celebration of the Sacred Triduum in the same church.</p></blockquote></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abrogation">Abrogation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Abrogation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 July 2021, Pope Francis issued a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio</i></span> entitled <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></span> and an accompanying letter that replaced the conditions delineated by <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span> for the celebration of the <a href="/wiki/1962_Roman_Missal" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 Roman Missal">1962 Roman Missal</a> and in particular declared that it is the exclusive right of the <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">diocesan bishop</a> with the approbation of the Holy See, not of individual priests, to authorize its use.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Traditionis custodes</i></span> further stated that now "the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">liturgical books</a> promulgated by Saint Paul VI and Saint John Paul II, in conformity with the decrees of <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Council_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Council II">Vatican Council II</a>, are the unique expression of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex orandi">lex orandi</a></i></span> of the Roman Rite".<sup id="cite_ref-MPTC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPTC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This changes the position of the <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> from the "ordinary" expression of the Roman Rite to the only current expression.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 June 2022, Pope Francis's <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio Desiderio desideravi</i></span> was released. In it, Francis explained he published <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Traditionis custodes</i></span> because some people accepted Vatican II but rejected the liturgical reforms that followed it which had been promulgated by Paul VI and John Paul II. He added that since <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Sacrosanctum Concilium</i></span> "expresses the reality of the liturgy", he had stressed in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Traditionis custodes</i></span> that the reformed Vatican II liturgy is "the unique expression of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex orandi</i></span> of the Roman Rite". He stated he was determined to make it so that "unity be re-established in the whole Church of the Roman Rite".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, Pope Francis issued a <a href="/wiki/Rescript" title="Rescript">rescript</a>, clarifying that bishops must obtain authorization from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> before granting permission for parish churches to be used for Eucharistic celebrations with the preconciliar rite and before allowing priests ordained after 16 July 2021 to use the 1962 Roman Missal.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the letter that accompanied <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Summorum Pontificum</i></span>, Pope Benedict XVI would ultimately address this concern by insisting that "[t]here is no contradiction between the two editions of the Roman Missal. In the history of the liturgy there is growth and progress, but no rupture."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This indult would be affirmed four years by John Paul II in his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">motu proprio <a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></span>, which addressed the resistance of many bishops to the indult: "Respect must everywhere be shown for the feelings of all those who are attached to the Latin liturgical tradition, by a wide and generous application" of the indult.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Latin text, which is the juridically official text, adds the adverb <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">enixe</i></span> (strongly), absent in the Italian text, which is probably the original, and also in the official translations in French, English, German, Portuguese and Spanish.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MPTC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPTC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPTC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPope_Francis2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (16 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2021/07/16/0469/01014.html#ingM">"Traditionis Custodes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditionis+Custodes&rft.place=Rome&rft.date=2021-07-16&rft.au=Pope+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2021%2F07%2F16%2F0469%2F01014.html%23ingM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013848/http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=15045">"30Days, June/July 2007, p. 33"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=15045">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=30Days%2C+June%2FJuly+2007%2C+p.+33&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.30giorni.it%2Fus%2Farticolo.asp%3Fid%3D15045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holy See. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html"><i>Ecclesia Dei</i></a> July 2, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DICI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dici.org/actualite_read.php?id=795&loc=US">The stages of the dialogue between Rome and the SSPX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080504213250/http://www.dici.org/actualite_read.php?id=795&loc=US">Archived</a> 2008-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 4 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Summorum Pontificum</i>, Article 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Articles 11 and 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Articles 7 and 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830084039/http://www.zenit.org/article-20492?l=english">"ZENIT - Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos on "Summorum Pontificum"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/article-20492?l=english">the original</a> on 30 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZENIT+-+Cardinal+Castrill%C3%B3n+Hoyos+on+%22Summorum+Pontificum%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenit.org%2Farticle-20492%3Fl%3Denglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newliturgicalmovement.org/2010/02/important-clarifications-from-ecclesia.html">"Important Clarifications from Ecclesia Dei"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Important+Clarifications+from+Ecclesia+Dei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newliturgicalmovement.org%2F2010%2F02%2Fimportant-clarifications-from-ecclesia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/letters/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_let_20070707_lettera-vescovi.html">"Letter to the Bishops that accompanies the Apostolic Letter "Motu Proprio data" Summorum Pontificum on the Roman liturgy prior to the reform of 1970 (July 7, 2007) | BENEDICT XVI"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=15045">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=30Days%2C+June%2FJuly+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.30giorni.it%2Fus%2Farticolo.asp%3Fid%3D15045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Brien, Nancy Frazier <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0703915.htm">U.S. bishops say pope affirming importance of Mass in both its forms.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070710201958/http%3A//www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0703915.htm">Archived</a> 2007-07-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives Catholic News Service 12 July 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627035701/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/author/damianthompson/">"Damian Thompson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/author/damianthompson/">the original</a> on 27 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Damian+Thompson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fauthor%2Fdamianthompson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radical-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-radical_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2007" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Damian (16 November 2007). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/3644052/Pope-gets-radical-and-woos-the-Anglicans.html">"Pope gets radical and woos the Anglicans"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/3644052/Pope-gets-radical-and-woos-the-Anglicans.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pope+gets+radical+and+woos+the+Anglicans&rft.date=2007-11-16&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomment%2F3644052%2FPope-gets-radical-and-woos-the-Anglicans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LatinMassSoc-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LatinMassSoc_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatinMassSoc_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indcatholicnews.com/latinweoc327.html">Latin Mass societies welcome Pope's Motu Proprio 'Summorum Pontificum'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070711185332/http://www.indcatholicnews.com/latinweoc327.html">Archived</a> 2007-07-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ICN, 9 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsspx.org/eng/index.html">Press Release from the General Superior of the Priestly Society of Saint Pius X</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219085433/http://fsspx.org/eng/index.html">Archived</a> 2009-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Press release, July 7, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090131132834/http://www.summorumpontificum.net/2007/07/press-release-from-general-superior-of.html">"Press Release from the Superior General of the SSPX"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summorumpontificum.net/2007/07/press-release-from-general-superior-of.html">the original</a> on 31 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release+from+the+Superior+General+of+the+SSPX.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.summorumpontificum.net%2F2007%2F07%2Fpress-release-from-general-superior-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summary in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/article-20364?l=english">ZENIT news agency, 29 August 2007.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914004441/http://www.zenit.org/article-20364?l=english">Archived</a> 14 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Full text in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/cultura/alessio_ii_bene_ritorno_messa_latino/29-08-2007/articolo-id=202255-page=0-comments=1"><i>Il Giornale</i>, article by Andrea Tornielli in <i>Il Giornale</i>, 29 August 2007.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADL-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ADL_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070710201311/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0703900.htm">"CNS STORY: ADL head calls pope's Tridentine Mass letter a 'theological setback'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>webarchive.loc.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0703900.htm">the original</a> on 10 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webarchive.loc.gov&rft.atitle=CNS+STORY%3A+ADL+head+calls+pope%27s+Tridentine+Mass+letter+a+%27theological+setback%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnews.com%2Fdata%2Fstories%2Fcns%2F0703900.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Several media reports erroneously contend that the letter could in effect reinstate a prayer offensive to Jews from the Good Friday liturgy of the Tridentine Mass, which dates back to 1570" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/article-20069?l=english">ZENIT, <i>Letter on 1962 Missal Not Anti-Semitic</i>).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211133139/http://www.zenit.org/article-20069?l=english">Archived</a> 2012-02-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/world/08POPE.html">"Pope Eases Restrictions on Latin Mass"</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, July 8, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070807023800/http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=1531911&ct=4070065">"Press Releases - American Jewish Committee"</a>. 7 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=1531911&ct=4070065">the original</a> on 7 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Releases+-+American+Jewish+Committee&rft.date=2007-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.org%2Fsite%2Fapps%2Fnl%2Fcontent2.asp%3Fc%3DijITI2PHKoG%26b%3D1531911%26ct%3D4070065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/speeches/2008/september/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20080912_francia-interview.html">"Apostolic Journey to France: Interview of the Holy Father during the flight to France (September 12, 2008) | BENEDICT XVI"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Apostolic+Journey+to+France%3A+Interview+of+the+Holy+Father+during+the+flight+to+France+%28September+12%2C+2008%29+%7C+BENEDICT+XVI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fbenedict-xvi%2Fen%2Fspeeches%2F2008%2Fseptember%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_spe_20080912_francia-interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2013" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, William H. (27 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_YKdAgAAQBAJ&dq=is+merely+an+act+of+tolerance%2C+with+a+pastoral+aim%2C+for+those+people+who+were+brought+up+with+this+liturgy%2C+who+love+it%2C+are+familiar+with+it+and+want&pg=PA148">"Chapter 5 - Con Grande Fiducia"</a>. <i>Care for the Church and Its Liturgy: A Study of Summorum Pontificum and the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite</i>. Liturgical Press. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6294-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6294-6"><bdi>978-0-8146-6294-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5+-+Con+Grande+Fiducia&rft.btitle=Care+for+the+Church+and+Its+Liturgy%3A+A+Study+of+Summorum+Pontificum+and+the+Extraordinary+Form+of+the+Roman+Rite&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2013-12-27&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-6294-6&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_YKdAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dis%2Bmerely%2Ban%2Bact%2Bof%2Btolerance%252C%2Bwith%2Ba%2Bpastoral%2Baim%252C%2Bfor%2Bthose%2Bpeople%2Bwho%2Bwere%2Bbrought%2Bup%2Bwith%2Bthis%2Bliturgy%252C%2Bwho%2Blove%2Bit%252C%2Bare%2Bfamiliar%2Bwith%2Bit%2Band%2Bwant%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecumene.radiovaticana.org/en1/Articolo.asp?c=486742">"Universae Ecclesiae" to favour reconciliation within the Church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307232452/http://www.oecumene.radiovaticana.org/en1/Articolo.asp?c=486742">Archived</a> 2012-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515201249/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/new-guidelines-for-tridentine-mass-10-key-facts/">New guidelines for Tridentine Mass – 10 key facts</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Universae Ecclesiae</i>, 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517091259/http://www.zenit.org/article-32573?l=english">"ZENIT news agency"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/article-32573?l=english">the original</a> on 17 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZENIT+news+agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenit.org%2Farticle-32573%3Fl%3Denglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2021-07/pope-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes-1962-roman-missal-liturgy.html">"New norms regarding use of 1962 Roman Missal: Bishops given greater responsibility"</a>. <i>Vatican News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. 16 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=New+norms+regarding+use+of+1962+Roman+Missal%3A+Bishops+given+greater+responsibility&rft.date=2021-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2021-07%2Fpope-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes-1962-roman-missal-liturgy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/asking-pope-francis-the-rite-questions">"Asking Pope Francis the Rite Questions"</a>. <i>Catholic Answers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Answers&rft.atitle=Asking+Pope+Francis+the+Rite+Questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Fmagazine%2Fonline-edition%2Fasking-pope-francis-the-rite-questions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/what-does-pope-francis-say-in-his">"What does Pope Francis say in his new apostolic letter on the liturgy?"</a>. <i>The Pillar</i>. 29 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pillar&rft.atitle=What+does+Pope+Francis+say+in+his+new+apostolic+letter+on+the+liturgy%3F&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pillarcatholic.com%2Fp%2Fwhat-does-pope-francis-say-in-his&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrockhaus2022" class="citation web cs1">Brockhaus, Hannah (29 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/251668/pope-francis-pens-letter-on-liturgy-after-traditionis-custodes">"Pope Francis pens letter on liturgy after Traditionis custodes"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+pens+letter+on+liturgy+after+Traditionis+custodes&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Brockhaus&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F251668%2Fpope-francis-pens-letter-on-liturgy-after-traditionis-custodes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPentin2022" class="citation news cs1">Pentin, Edward (29 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncregister.com/news/pope-francis-new-letter-addresses-liturgical-formation-and-the-beauty-of-the-mass">"Pope Francis' New Letter Addresses Liturgical Formation and the Beauty of the Mass"</a>. <i>NCR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NCR&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis%27+New+Letter+Addresses+Liturgical+Formation+and+the+Beauty+of+the+Mass&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft.aulast=Pentin&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncregister.com%2Fnews%2Fpope-francis-new-letter-addresses-liturgical-formation-and-the-beauty-of-the-mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-06/pope-francis-apostolic-letter-desiderio-desideravi-liturgy.html">"Pope: 'Overcome polemics about the liturgy to rediscover its beauty'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Vatican News</i>. 29 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=Pope%3A+%27Overcome+polemics+about+the+liturgy+to+rediscover+its+beauty%27&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2022-06%2Fpope-francis-apostolic-letter-desiderio-desideravi-liturgy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2023-02/pope-francis-traditionis-custodes-rescript-bishops.html">"Pope Francis clarifies two points of 'Traditionis custodes'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></i>. 21 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+clarifies+two+points+of+%27Traditionis+custodes%27&rft.date=2023-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope%2Fnews%2F2023-02%2Fpope-francis-traditionis-custodes-rescript-bishops.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2013" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, William H. (2013). <i>Care for the Church and Its Liturgy: A Study of Summorum Pontificum and the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite</i>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6294-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-6294-6"><bdi>978-0-8146-6294-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Care+for+the+Church+and+Its+Liturgy%3A+A+Study+of+Summorum+Pontificum+and+the+Extraordinary+Form+of+the+Roman+Rite&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-6294-6&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASummorum+Pontificum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summorum_Pontificum&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20070707_summorum-pontificum_en.html"><i>Summorum Pontificum</i> in English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/letters/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_let_20070707_lettera-vescovi_en.html">Accompanying letter in English</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_commissions/ecclsdei/documents/rc_com_ecclsdei_doc_20110430_istr-universae-ecclesiae_en.html">Universae Ecclesiae</a></i>: Instruction of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a> on <i>Summorum Pontificum</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Template:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Template talk:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Catholic_Church852" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass" title="Chapter and Conventual Mass">Chapter and conventual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Singmesse" title="Deutsche Singmesse">Deutsche Singmesse</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_Mass" title="Dialogue Mass">Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Organ_Mass" title="French Organ Mass">French Organ</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa cantata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Sicca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual Masses">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Papal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Nuptial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sine_populo" title="Sine populo">Sine populo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass#Liturgical_structure" title="Tridentine Mass">Order</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Pre-Mass</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vesting_prayers" title="Vesting prayers">Vesting prayers</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges me</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Vidi_aquam" title="Vidi aquam">Vidi aquam</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Catechumens" title="Mass of the Catechumens">Mass of the Catechumens</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">Iudica me</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Mea_culpa" title="Mea culpa">mea culpa</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Introit</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lection" title="Lection">Lection</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Alleluia#Roman_Rite" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sequence_(musical_form)" title="Sequence (musical form)">Sequentia</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Faithful" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass of the Faithful">Mass of the Faithful</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Orate_fratres" title="Orate fratres">Orate fratres</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">Secret</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Roman Canon</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">Oblation</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">Elevation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic doxology">Doxology</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Pater Noster</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">Embolism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">Pax</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem" title="Dona nobis pacem">Dona nobis pacem</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Holy Communion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)" title="Communion (chant)">Communion antiphon</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablutions</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunio</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Post-Mass</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Prayers" title="Leonine Prayers">Leonine prayers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>For <a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">funeral Mass</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dies_irae" title="Dies irae">Dies irae</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Pie_Jesu" title="Pie Jesu">Pie Iesu</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Libera_me" title="Libera me">Libera Me</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_peace" title="Rest in peace">Requiescant in pace</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolution_of_the_dead" title="Absolution of the dead">Absolution of the dead</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/In_paradisum" title="In paradisum">In paradisum</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">De profundis</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat boy">Boat boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">schola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)" title="Reader (liturgy)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">Master of ceremonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cards" title="Altar cards">Altar cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">Altar rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">Ambo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">Credence table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">Kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misericord" title="Misericord">Misericord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">Piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">Sacristy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Altar cloths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Altar linens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Burse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Chalice veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Purificator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Illumination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)#Candles_and_candlesticks" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar (Catholic Church)#Candles and candlesticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_candlestick_(Catholic_Church)" title="Triple candlestick (Catholic Church)">Triple candlestick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">Collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_(liturgical_object)" title="Fistula (liturgical object)">Fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funghellino" title="Funghellino">Funghellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuterge" title="Manuterge">Manuterge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">Paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Cæremoniale Episcoporum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Missale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Pontificale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Rituale Romanum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a>/<a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass#Vestments" title="Papal Mass">Papal</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincture" title="Cincture">Cincture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_gloves" title="Episcopal gloves">Episcopal gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_ring" title="Ecclesiastical ring">Ecclesiastical ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_sandals" title="Episcopal sandals">Episcopal sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falda" title="Falda">Falda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_lace" title="Liturgical lace">Liturgical lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_fanon" title="Papal fanon">Papal fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Papal tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcinctorium" title="Subcinctorium">Subcinctorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationale_(vestment)" title="Rationale (vestment)">Superhumerale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gradual" title="Roman Gradual">Graduale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_hymns" title="List of Catholic hymns">Hymn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyriale" title="Kyriale">Kyriale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Usualis" title="Liber Usualis">Liber Usualis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_for_the_Requiem_Mass" title="Music for the Requiem Mass">Music for the Requiem Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Church organ">Organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_(music)" title="Voluntary (music)">voluntary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphony#Catholic_Church" title="Polyphony">Polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciting_tone" title="Reciting tone">Reciting tone</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">Accentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recto_tono" title="Recto tono">Recto tono</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le sollecitudini">Tra le sollecitudini</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Antiphonary" title="Gregorian Antiphonary">Gregorian Antiphonary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Catholic_Church_liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Calendar</a><br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">1954</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphanytide</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascensiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">After Pentecost</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moveable_feast" title="Moveable feast">Moveable feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_(liturgy)" title="Octave (liturgy)">Octaves</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">Solemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_(liturgy)" title="Memorial (liturgy)">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(liturgy)" title="Commemoration (liturgy)">Commemoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feria" title="Feria">Feria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline" title="Eucharistic discipline">Discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Canon 844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church#Eucharistic_Fast" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Eucharistic fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">First Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Head cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiousion" title="Epiousion">Epiousion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">In persona Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Catholic eucharistic theology">History of Catholic eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_multis" title="Pro multis">Pro multis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Roman_Catholic_and_Orthodox_views" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">Concelebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Ordinary</a> & <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">propers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Common_(liturgy)" title="Common (liturgy)">common</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Psalters" title="Latin Psalters">Latin Psalters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alternatim" title="Alternatim">Alternatim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspersion" title="Aspersion">Aspersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coetus_Internationalis_Patrum" title="Coetus Internationalis Patrum">Coetus Internationalis Patrum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_using_the_Tridentine_Mass" title="List of communities using the Tridentine Mass">Communities using the Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Dicastery for Divine Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> & <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hours%27_Devotion" title="Forty Hours' Devotion">Forty Hours' Devotion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">History of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lex_orandi,_lex_credendi" title="Lex orandi, lex credendi">Lex orandi, lex credendi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">Litany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Movement" title="Liturgical Movement">Liturgical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_reforms_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII">Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Plenary indulgence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission <i>Ecclesia Dei</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Preces" title="Preces">Preces</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quo_primum" title="Quo primum">Quo primum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pope_Benedict_XVI264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Template:Pope Benedict XVI"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Template talk:Pope Benedict XVI"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pope Benedict XVI"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pope_Benedict_XVI264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div>Born Joseph Alois Ratzinger, 16 April 1927 – 31 December 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Biography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Early life of Pope Benedict XVI">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ratzinger" title="Georg Ratzinger">Georg Ratzinger</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ratzinger_as_Prefect_of_the_Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Joseph Ratzinger as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_papal_conclave" title="2005 papal conclave">2005 papal conclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI">Resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI">Death and funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope,_13_march_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg/90px-Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg/135px-Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg/180px-Pope%2C_13_march_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="1021" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Acts as Pope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_Benedict_XVI" title="Cardinals created by Benedict XVI">Cardinals created</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_declared_venerable_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of people declared venerable by Pope Benedict XVI">People declared venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_beatified_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of people beatified by Pope Benedict XVI">People beatified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_canonized_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of saints canonized by Pope Benedict XVI">Saints canonized</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Theology of Pope Benedict XVI">Theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominus_Iesus" title="Dominus Iesus">Dominus Iesus</a></i> (<i>The Lord Jesus</i>)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Summorum Pontificum</a></i> (<i>The Supreme Pontiffs</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Christianity" title="Introduction to Christianity">Introduction to Christianity</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_and_ecumenism" title="Pope Benedict XVI and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_and_Judaism" title="Pope Benedict XVI and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_and_Islam" title="Pope Benedict XVI and Islam">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Encyclicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deus_caritas_est" title="Deus caritas est">Deus caritas est</a></i> (<i>God Is Love</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spe_salvi" title="Spe salvi">Spe salvi</a></i> (<i>In Hope We Are Saved</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caritas_in_veritate" title="Caritas in veritate">Caritas in veritate</a></i> (<i>Charity in Truth</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Exhortations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_caritatis" title="Sacramentum caritatis">Sacramentum caritatis</a></i> (<i>On the Eucharist</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verbum_Domini" title="Verbum Domini">Verbum Domini</a></i> (<i>On the Word of the Lord</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Africae_munus" title="Africae munus">Africae munus</a></i> (<i>On the Church in Africa</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_in_Medio_Oriente" title="Ecclesia in Medio Oriente">Ecclesia in Medio Oriente</a></i> (<i>On the Church in the Middle East</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Christianity" title="Introduction to Christianity">Introduction to Christianity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ratzinger_Report" title="The Ratzinger Report">The Ratzinger Report</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eschatology:_Death_and_Eternal_Life" title="Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life">Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_the_Liturgy" title="The Spirit of the Liturgy">The Spirit of the Liturgy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Tolerance" title="Truth and Tolerance">Truth and Tolerance</a></i></li> <li><i>Jesus of Nazareth</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth:_From_the_Baptism_in_the_Jordan_to_the_Transfiguration" title="Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration">From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth:_Holy_Week" title="Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week">Holy Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth:_The_Infancy_Narratives" title="Jesus of Nazareth: The Infancy Narratives">The Infancy Narratives</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Travels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="List of pastoral visits of Pope Benedict XVI">Pastoral visits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_visit_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI_to_the_United_States" title="2008 visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom">United Kingdom state visit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI_bibliography" title="Pope Benedict XVI bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_of_Benedict_XVI" title="Ceremonial of Benedict XVI">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratzinger_Foundation" title="Ratzinger Foundation">Ratzinger Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics_of_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Hermeneutics of the Second Vatican Council">Hermeneutic of continuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_leaks_scandal" title="Vatican leaks scandal">Vatican leaks scandal</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Holiness:_The_Secret_Papers_of_Benedict_XVI" title="His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI">His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(Pope_Benedict_XVI_album)" title="Alma Mater (Pope Benedict XVI album)">Alma Mater</a></i> (2009 album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Vatican" title="Secrets of the Vatican">Secrets of the Vatican</a></i> (2014 television film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Popes" title="The Two Popes">The Two Popes</a></i> (2019 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Society_of_Saint_Pius_X420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SSPX" title="Template:SSPX"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SSPX" title="Template talk:SSPX"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SSPX" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SSPX"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Society_of_Saint_Pius_X420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">Society of Saint Pius X</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Coetus_Internationalis_Patrum" title="Coetus Internationalis Patrum">Coetus Internationalis Patrum</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Novus Ordo Mass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ottaviani_Intervention" title="Ottaviani Intervention">Ottaviani Intervention</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Traditional Latin Mass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Seminary_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="International Seminary of Saint Pius X">International Seminary of Saint Pius X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet" title="Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet">Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89c%C3%B4ne_consecrations" title="Écône consecrations">Écône consecrations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0.8em 0.9em 3em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Society_of_Saint_Pius_X.png" class="mw-file-description" title="SSPX"><img alt="SSPX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X.png/120px-Society_of_Saint_Pius_X.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X.png/180px-Society_of_Saint_Pius_X.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X.png/240px-Society_of_Saint_Pius_X.png 2x" data-file-width="1543" data-file-height="2047" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Tissier_de_Mallerais" title="Bernard Tissier de Mallerais">Bernard Tissier de Mallerais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_de_Galarreta" title="Alfonso de Galarreta">Alfonso de Galarreta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fellay" title="Bernard Fellay">Bernard Fellay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Williamson_(bishop)" title="Richard Williamson (bishop)">Richard Williamson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Davide_Pagliarani" title="Davide Pagliarani">Davide Pagliarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schmidberger" title="Franz Schmidberger">Franz Schmidberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Pfluger" title="Niklaus Pfluger">Niklaus Pfluger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ducaud-Bourget" title="François Ducaud-Bourget">François Ducaud-Bourget</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Kovpak" title="Basil Kovpak">Basil Kovpak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brucciani" title="Robert Brucciani">Robert Brucciani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Morgan_(priest)" title="Paul Morgan (priest)">Paul Morgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel-Louis_Gu%C3%A9rard_des_Lauriers" title="Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers">Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Bisig" title="Josef Bisig">Josef Bisig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cekada" title="Anthony Cekada">Anthony Cekada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lic%C3%ADnio_Rangel" title="Licínio Rangel">Licínio Rangel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Ar%C3%AAas_Rifan" title="Fernando Arêas Rifan">Fernando Arêas Rifan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sanborn" title="Donald Sanborn">Donald Sanborn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Florian_Abrahamowicz" title="Florian Abrahamowicz">Florian Abrahamowicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Aulagnier" title="Paul Aulagnier">Paul Aulagnier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Bawden" title="David Bawden">David Bawden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dolan" title="Daniel Dolan">Daniel Dolan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADa_Fern%C3%A1ndez_y_Krohn" title="Juan María Fernández y Krohn">Juan María Fernández y Krohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Kelly" title="Clarence Kelly">Clarence Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lagu%C3%A9rie" title="Philippe Laguérie">Philippe Laguérie</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angelus_(magazine)" title="The Angelus (magazine)">The Angelus</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Superior_General_of_the_Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Superior General of the Society of Saint Pius X">Superior General of the Society of Saint Pius X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_between_the_Holy_See_and_the_Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X">Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_situation_of_the_Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X">Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Controversies_surrounding_the_Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Controversies surrounding the Society of Saint Pius X">Controversies surrounding the Society of Saint Pius X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Apologia_pro_Marcel_Lefebvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Apologia pro Marcel Lefebvre">Apologia pro Marcel Lefebvre</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St._Marys,_Kansas" title="St. Marys, Kansas">St. Marys, Kansas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SSPX-affiliated_religious_orders" title="SSPX-affiliated religious orders">SSPX-affiliated<br />religious orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Sisters of the Society of Saint Pius X">Sisters of the Society of Saint Pius X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fraternity_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Fraternity of the Transfiguration">Fraternity of the Transfiguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Priestly_Society_of_Saint_Josaphat" title="Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat">Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint-Joseph_de_Clairval" title="Abbey of Saint-Joseph de Clairval">Abbey of Saint-Joseph de Clairval</a> (until 1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_the_Holy_Family" title="Servants of the Holy Family">Servants of the Holy Family</a> (until 1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration_of_Saint_John_Mary_Vianney" title="Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney">Priestly Union of Saint Jean-Marie Vianney</a> (until 2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Most_Holy_Redeemer" title="Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer">Transalpine Redemptorists</a> (until 2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_V" title="Society of Saint Pius V">Society of Saint Pius V</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Mater_Boni_Consilii" title="Istituto Mater Boni Consilii">Istituto Mater Boni Consilii</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Priestly_Fraternity_of_Saint_Peter" title="Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter">Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Institute of the Good Shepherd">Institute of the Good Shepherd</a> (2006)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Quo_primum" title="Quo primum">Quo primum</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Syllabus_of_Errors" title="Syllabus of Errors">Syllabus of Errors</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 Code of Canon Law</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Charri%C3%A8re" title="François Charrière">François Charrière</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Davies_(Catholic_writer)" title="Michael Davies (Catholic writer)">Michael Davies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Castro_Mayer" title="Antônio de Castro Mayer">Antônio de Castro Mayer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Lazo" title="Salvador Lazo">Salvador Lazo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bosco_Manat_Chuabsamai" title="John Bosco Manat Chuabsamai">John Bosco Manat Chuabsamai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vitus_Huonder" title="Vitus Huonder">Vitus Huonder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Vigan%C3%B2" title="Carlo Maria Viganò">Carlo Maria Viganò</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration_of_Saint_John_Mary_Vianney" title="Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney">Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alleanza_Cattolica" title="Alleanza Cattolica">Alleanza Cattolica</a> (until 1981)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Category:Society of Saint Pius X">Category</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traditionalist_Catholicism106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Template:Traditionalist Catholicism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Template talk:Traditionalist Catholicism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Traditionalist Catholicism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditionalist_Catholicism106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Liturgy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_using_the_Tridentine_Mass" title="List of communities using the Tridentine Mass">List of communities using the Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission <i>Ecclesia Dei</i></a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Doctrine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pascendi_Dominici_gregis" title="Pascendi Dominici gregis">Pascendi Dominici gregis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syllabus_of_Errors" title="Syllabus of Errors">Syllabus of Errors</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extra_Ecclesiam_nulla_salus" title="Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus">Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitatis_humanae" title="Dignitatis humanae">Dignitatis humanae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89c%C3%B4ne_consecrations" title="Écône consecrations">Écône consecrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Siri thesis">Siri thesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">Movements<br />within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Institutes</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._John_Cantius_Church_(Chicago)" title="St. John Cantius Church (Chicago)">Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternity_of_Saint_Vincent_Ferrer" title="Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer">Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Christ_the_King_Sovereign_Priest" title="Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest">Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Institute of the Good Shepherd">Institute of the Good Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_Fraternity_of_Saint_Peter" title="Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter">Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_the_Holy_Family" title="Servants of the Holy Family">Servants of the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Most_Holy_Redeemer" title="Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer">Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaves_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Still River, Massachusetts)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Jurisdictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration_of_Saint_John_Mary_Vianney" title="Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney">Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_New_Jerusalem" title="Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem">Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juventutem" title="Juventutem">Juventutem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Mass_Society_of_England_and_Wales" title="Latin Mass Society of England and Wales">Latin Mass Society of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Templi" title="Militia Templi">Militia Templi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_to_Chartres" title="Pilgrimage to Chartres">Notre-Dame de Chrétienté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition,_Family,_Property" title="Tradition, Family, Property">Tradition, Family, Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleanza_Cattolica" title="Alleanza Cattolica">Alleanza Cattolica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Una_Voce" title="Una Voce">Una Voce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Amerio" title="Romano Amerio">Romano Amerio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Angelica" title="Mother Angelica">Mother Angelica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Aulagnier" title="Paul Aulagnier">Paul Aulagnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Marie_de_Bligni%C3%A8res" title="Louis-Marie de Blignières">Louis-Marie de Blignières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Leo_Burke" title="Raymond Leo Burke">Raymond Leo Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Calvet" title="Gérard Calvet">Gérard Calvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Coulombe" title="Charles A. Coulombe">Charles A. Coulombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Davies_(Catholic_writer)" title="Michael Davies (Catholic writer)">Michael Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gommar_DePauw" title="Gommar DePauw">Gommar DePauw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria-Anna_Galitzine" title="Maria-Anna Galitzine">Maria-Anna Galitzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Imkamp" title="Wilhelm Imkamp">Wilhelm Imkamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Joseph_Jugis" title="Peter Joseph Jugis">Peter Joseph Jugis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Kurz" title="Blaise Kurz">Blaise Kurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lagu%C3%A9rie" title="Philippe Laguérie">Philippe Laguérie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Marshall" title="Taylor Marshall">Taylor Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi_Martin" title="Malachi Martin">Malachi Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_de_Mattei" title="Roberto de Mattei">Roberto de Mattei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Ripperger" title="Chad Ripperger">Chad Ripperger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Schneider" title="Athanasius Schneider">Athanasius Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tschugguel" title="Alexander Tschugguel">Alexander Tschugguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_von_Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis">Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_von_Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Gloria von Thurn und Taxis">Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Vigan%C3%B2" title="Carlo Maria Viganò">Carlo Maria Viganò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Wach" title="Gilles Wach">Gilles Wach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zuhlsdorf" title="John Zuhlsdorf">John Zuhlsdorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Excommunicated<br />but later reconciled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feeney" title="Leonard Feeney">Leonard Feeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fellay" title="Bernard Fellay">Bernard Fellay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_de_Galarreta" title="Alfonso de Galarreta">Alfonso de Galarreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_Jes%C3%BAs_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Ginés Jesús Hernández">Ginés Jesús Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lic%C3%ADnio_Rangel" title="Licínio Rangel">Licínio Rangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Tissier_de_Mallerais" title="Bernard Tissier de Mallerais">Bernard Tissier de Mallerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Th%E1%BB%A5c" title="Ngô Đình Thục">Ngô Đình Thục</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">Independent<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Independent, but no<br />public renunciation<br />of papal legitimacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operating_with_partial_papal_faculties38" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Operating with partial papal faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">Society of Saint Pius X</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SSPX-affiliated_religious_orders" title="SSPX-affiliated religious orders">Affiliated religious orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_situation_of_the_Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X">Canonical situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_Jubilee_of_Mercy#Concessions" title="Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy">Faculties</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraternit%C3%A9_Notre-Dame" title="Fraternité Notre-Dame">Fraternité Notre-Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_Society_of_Saint_Josaphat" title="Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat">Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaves_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Richmond, New Hampshire)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Castro_Mayer" title="Antônio de Castro Mayer">Antônio de Castro Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Williamson_(bishop)" title="Richard Williamson (bishop)">Richard Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Sedeprivationism" title="Sedeprivationism">Sedeprivationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Mater_Boni_Consilii" title="Istituto Mater Boni Consilii">Istituto Mater Boni Consilii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Roman_Catholic_Movement" title="Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement">Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9rard_des_Lauriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Guérard des Lauriers">Guérard des Lauriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McKenna" title="Robert McKenna">Robert McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sanborn" title="Donald Sanborn">Donald Sanborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Mary_Immaculate_Queen" title="Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen">Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_Holy_Family_Monastery" title="Most Holy Family Monastery">Most Holy Family Monastery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feeneyism" title="Feeneyism">Feeneyism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_V" title="Society of Saint Pius V">Society of Saint Pius V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Baker" title="Oswald Baker">Oswald Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Q._Brown" title="Daniel Q. Brown">Daniel Q. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s_Carmona" title="Moisés Carmona">Moisés Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cekada" title="Anthony Cekada">Anthony Cekada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_D%C3%A1vila_Gandara" title="Martín Dávila Gandara">Martín Dávila Gandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dolan" title="Daniel Dolan">Daniel Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutton_Gibson" title="Hutton Gibson">Hutton Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Kelly" title="Clarence Kelly">Clarence Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pivarunas" title="Mark Pivarunas">Mark Pivarunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1enz_y_Arriaga" title="Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga">Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schuckardt" title="Francis Schuckardt">Francis Schuckardt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d"><a href="/wiki/Conclavism" title="Conclavism">Conclavist<br />or Mysticalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Catholic_Church" title="Palmarian Catholic Church">Palmarian Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Greek_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic">Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_of_Infinite_Love" title="Apostles of Infinite Love">Apostles of Infinite Love</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #ffea7d">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clemente_Dom%C3%ADnguez_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Clemente Domínguez y Gómez">Clemente Domínguez y Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Pulvermacher" title="Lucian Pulvermacher">Lucian Pulvermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bawden" title="David Bawden">David Bawden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox390" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594673#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7604961-9">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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