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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elements_of_dark_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements_of_dark_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Elements of dark culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elements_of_dark_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elements of dark culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elements_of_dark_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_colour_black" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_colour_black"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The colour black</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_colour_black-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gothic_subculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gothic_subculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gothic subculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gothic_subculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subculture</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dark_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Dark culture">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dark+culture%22">"Dark culture"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dark+culture%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dark+culture%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dark+culture%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dark+culture%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dark+culture%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gothgirl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gothgirl.jpg/220px-Gothgirl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gothgirl.jpg/330px-Gothgirl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gothgirl.jpg/440px-Gothgirl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Against the background of various internal fashion trends, the color black is the core element of the self-promoting and individualistic concept of the dark scene.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dark culture</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>Schwarze Szene</i>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <i>cultura obscura</i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <i>escena oscura</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <i>scena Dark</i> or <i>scena gotica</i>), also called <b>dark alternative scene</b>, is a mixture of thematically related subcultures including the <a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">goth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">dark wave</a> subculture, the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_dark_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoclassical dark wave">dark neoclassical</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dark_ambient" title="Dark ambient">dark ambient</a> scene, parts of the post-industrial scene (with the genres <a href="/wiki/Electro-industrial" title="Electro-industrial">electro-industrial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_body_music" title="Electronic body music">EBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aggrotech" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggrotech">aggrotech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dark_electro" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark electro">dark electro</a>) parts of <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a> and the early <a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">gothic metal</a> scene.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dark culture's origin lies in followers of <a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">dark wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independent music</a>, but over the decades it has developed to a <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social network</a> held together by a common concept of aesthetics, self-representation, and individualism. The musical preferences of the dark scene are characterized by a mix of styles ranging from <a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">gothic metal</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Industrial_dance_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial dance music">industrial dance music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dark_ambient" title="Dark ambient">dark ambient</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_dark_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoclassical dark wave">dark neoclassical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-medieval_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-medieval music">neo-medieval</a> and dark <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">dark wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a>, the darker ends of <a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">electropop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nym1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nym1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dark culture has historically been used as an umbrella term to describe several <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subcultures</a>, only emerging as its own movement in the late 1980s. Dark culture includes goth and <a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">dark wave culture</a>, electro subculture and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">neofolk</a> and post-industrial subcultures. Sometimes referred to as 'dark alternative scene', the term is rarely used in the English language, despite its significance in shaping several other movements and subcultures that emerged throughout history. In this context, the "culture" should not be understood as closed subculture, but as a social environment, consisting of people with similar preferences.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dark culture is regarded as a community defined by common interests such as <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, and arguably most significantly, by <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>. Originating from the shared appreciation of dark wave and independent music, the term now collectively used as 'dark music', dark culture emerged to represent a group of people who define themselves through internal symbols and alternate forms of media. In the 21st century, the culture is appreciated as a heterogeneous collection of different subcultural currents,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without being tied to a particular style of music, associated thinking, behavior, or dress code, despite most members sharing similar interests of such due to its emergence from the dark scene. </p><p>The scene is not a musically or aesthetically closed and homogeneous group but rather it is composed of many different currents, some of which may be diametrically opposed in their musical or fashion ideals. The anchor that holds all elements of dark culture together can be viewed as the color <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">black</a> with all its associated symbolism. It is seen as an expression of seriousness, darkness and mysticism, but also of hopelessness and emptiness, melancholy, as well as its association with mourning and death.<sup id="cite_ref-Nym1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nym1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dark scene is a community which defines itself through the characteristic fashions of the different currents, as well as through its media and meeting places, especially events and dance clubs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the significant movement of 'dark culture' only emerged in the late 1980s, a deeper history exists that inspired this movement dating back to the 1600s during the emergence of witchcraft and witches in Early Modern Europe, as well as the influence from <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> iconographies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origin of the term 'dark culture' initially appeared in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, its use slowly emerging in more magazines and reports, finally becoming a widely-used term in the 1990s. </p><p>The term was used initially to target a specific group of magazine readers who shared similar interests in the dark scene, the magazine <a href="/wiki/Zillo" title="Zillo">Zillo</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considered the most important media platform for dark culture and was at the forefront of anchoring the term 'dark culture' into modern language. Mostly used as a generic term for all sub-scenes and trends in the black scene, nowadays the term is preferred by a large number of scene followers. By 2010, it can be said that the term had properly established itself, particularly in sociology and youth culture research. Due to its emergence in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, an assessment was done to conduct the size of German dark culture in 2004, resulting in an estimation of around 50,000 to 100,000 members of people,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this number later re-confirmed in 2010. This number has since grown and spreads internationally by the day, members of dark culture forming in many countries around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements_of_dark_culture">Elements of dark culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elements of dark culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The broad spectrum of dark culture has many elements that comprise the movement's general description. Music, the colour black, and fashion can be viewed as the main features of dark culture and are a few of the characteristics that allow for individual expression within the movement itself. The element of religion has been historically scrutinised as a signifier of dark culture, however many members of the scene attribute <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occultist</a> ways of thinking to religious beliefs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dark_Door_Nocturnal_Culture_Night_11_2017_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dark_Door_Nocturnal_Culture_Night_11_2017_06.jpg/220px-Dark_Door_Nocturnal_Culture_Night_11_2017_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dark_Door_Nocturnal_Culture_Night_11_2017_06.jpg/330px-Dark_Door_Nocturnal_Culture_Night_11_2017_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dark_Door_Nocturnal_Culture_Night_11_2017_06.jpg/440px-Dark_Door_Nocturnal_Culture_Night_11_2017_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="4638" /></a><figcaption>The Italian dark wave band Dark Door at the Nocturnal Culture Night 12 2017 in Deutzen, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>Dark culture is divided into different currents, some of which are in stark contrast to one another in their musical and fashion ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The musical preferences of the different supporters of the black scene are characterized by a style mix that covers a broad spectrum from <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> to electronic <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a>, early music, neo-classical and folk to punk rock, techno and ambient.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>dark music</i> is preferred in the social and cultural studies of music within dark culture, used as a collective term for the entirety of the music received in this scene.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternate dark waves of music includes darkcore, dark ambient, dark cabaret, dark folk, dark psytrance, and dark wave music which is part of the <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> movement. </p><p>Due to its internationally recognized events and the high proportion of music produced in Germany, the German subculture is perceived as outstanding and special. Much of dark culture's foundations can be attributed to beginning in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, where the movement is celebrated by many, particularly visible in the element of music. Throughout Germany, dark music is very popular and each year the country hosts a number of festivals that celebrate this musical genre. '<a href="/wiki/Wave-Gotik-Treffen" title="Wave-Gotik-Treffen">Wave-Gotik-Treffen</a>' is an annual festival held in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig, Germany</a>, which honours 'dark music' and 'dark culture', attracting between 18,000 - 20,000<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attendees each year. The event is one of the largest worldwide celebrations of the gothic, <a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">cybergoth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">steampunk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rivethead" title="Rivethead">rivethead</a> subcultures, hosting up to 200 alternate bands each year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_colour_black">The colour black</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The colour black"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The colour <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">black</a> within dark culture can be noted as the lowest common denominator in recognizing features of this movement. Black is a central part of communication within dark culture, symbolizing and representing a vast spectrum of elements this scene represents, within emotion, fashion, music, and general behavior. Among other things, it is a visual expression of feelings surrounding hopelessness, melancholy, darkness, and is moreover most significantly used as a reference towards grief and death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the color black, aesthetic awareness and a theme of individuality has been at the center of dark culture. These factors require a constant individual self-presentation against the background of what can be considered as 'the norm'. Thus, the main points of social demarcation are stylistic and visually aesthetic, whereby the fashion and style becomes the core content of self-expression. </p><p>Since its emergence, dark culture has differentiated a range of sub-scenes, resulting in a variation of emerging styles, all independent however in close similarity to a general 'gothic style'. The different currents of dark culture often intrinsically influenced one another throughout the gradual development of the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there were always dominant style elements in the different time periods in which dark culture has existed, these were often combined with other current or past styles, however all generally corresponding to a typical 'gothic style' which has existed for many years and can be dated back to styles existing during the Victorian era. Despite the deep rooting in the history of dark culture's fashion, the evolution of stylistic elements and their fluid nature means that the scene cannot be reduced to a certain appearance. A general similarity can only be determined in the dominance of the color black, the general appearance of dark culture usually corresponding to a mixed form of different stylistic elements. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mode-goth-p1010554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mode-goth-p1010554.jpg/220px-Mode-goth-p1010554.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mode-goth-p1010554.jpg/330px-Mode-goth-p1010554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mode-goth-p1010554.jpg/440px-Mode-goth-p1010554.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="1782" /></a><figcaption>Common accessory worn by members of dark culture: a backpack in the shape of a coffin</figcaption></figure> <p>The colour black and the rise of consciousness surrounding aesthetics and visual self expression have been developed through the stylistic elements that dark culture represents. Although the fashion of the movement cannot be narrowed down to one particular style, there are notable common aesthetic choices made by members of the scene. Body jewelry such as piercings and tattoos are just as common as clothing in the realm of self-expression in dark culture. Jewelry is mostly worn in silver and steel and often include animal symbols in the form of spiders, snakes and scorpions as well as religious and mythological symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, alternate materials that are generally seen as more 'alternate' fashion choices are enjoyed by dark culture designers such as leather, mesh and velvet. Articles of clothing that are also seen as more androgynous are common within the scene, such as men's skirts and more masculine fits of clothing worn by females to challenge societal gender norms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a> as an element of dark culture has been viewed by many in the scene as an abstract topic that is constantly critically questioned. The concept of death which stands as a main theme within dark culture, as well as the human emotion in dealing with mourning is considered by some members of the movement to be relative to religious content. Throughout recent years, the attention to the topic of faith has been attributed to humanity's continuation in attaining the meaning behind the concept of being, which has been seen as especially prevalent within youth. This engagement with finding a higher power of meaning in life, specifically within religion, although not directly relative, has been considered by some to be a leading element of what dark culture represents. In the scene, religious rituals and ceremonies have been explored yet are not engrained in the foundations of what dark culture was bred from. Despite this, the theoretical and practical preoccupation with occultism and esotericism has always been a permanent part of dark culture, and in some ways can be attributed to religious movements and ways of thinking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gothic_subculture">Gothic subculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gothic subculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">Goth subculture</a></div> <p>Although the term dark culture has been used in scene media and the press since the 1990s, the misleading title Gothic, referring to a sub-flow of the scene, is wrongly used to describe elements specifically linked to dark culture.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since circa 2004, term 'Gothic' has been used by non-members of the dark scene to wrongly title members of dark culture, leading to much confusion and controversy regarding all sub-cultures and sub-flows of dark culture. The "Gothic subculture" is specifically linked to the post-punk, gothic metal and dark neoclassical subsets within the scene, while the term "<a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">goth subculture</a> represents an even more narroved down subset, specifically linked to dark offshoots of post-punk music," and thus only represents a small portion of the large spectrum of dark culture, despite Gothicism being used as an overarching term to name all members of the dark scene.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this, the use of gothic subculture as a term has sparked controversy within dark culture, most notable in the music press industry and international use of the term, such misuse rooted in confusion and lack of knowledge of the subcultures and their differentiating elements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dark_Malta_festival_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dark_Malta_festival_2019.jpg/220px-Dark_Malta_festival_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dark_Malta_festival_2019.jpg/330px-Dark_Malta_festival_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Dark_Malta_festival_2019.jpg/440px-Dark_Malta_festival_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Dark Malta Festival 2019. Event held in Southern Europe that offers international gothic/metal/industrial bands</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout history, highly significant events have evolved in the celebration and acknowledgement of movements surrounding dark culture. A significant event is <a href="/wiki/World_Goth_Day" title="World Goth Day">World Goth Day</a>, which originated in the United Kingdom in 2009; held on 22 May, its observance has spread internationally. Aspects of dark culture's fashion, music, and art are celebrated on this day and combine to honour the history of this movement and the inclusivity and dark expression that it represents.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Events that celebrate the movement include festivals, such as Blackfield, Castle Rock, and Dark Dance which all focus exclusively on interpretations of dark culture. Other events that are not specifically attributed to the celebration of dark culture, however, feature dark music artists and bands include Amphi festival, Dark Malta festival, Secret Garden festival, and Zita rock festival. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_academia" title="Dark academia">Dark academia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_culture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arvid Dittmann · Artificial Tribes · Page 147 · 2001 · <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-933773-11-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-933773-11-3">3-933773-11-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nym1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nym1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nym1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Nym2010" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alexander Nym (2010), Alexander Nym (ed.), "Die Gothic-Szene gibt es nicht", <i>Schillerndes Dunkel: Geschichte, Entwicklung und Themen der Gothic-Szene</i> (in German), Leipzig: Plötter Verlag, pp. 13–15, hier S. 13, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86211-006-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86211-006-3"><bdi>978-3-86211-006-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schillerndes+Dunkel%3A+Geschichte%2C+Entwicklung+und+Themen+der+Gothic-Szene&rft.atitle=Die+Gothic-Szene+gibt+es+nicht&rft.pages=13-15%2C+hier+S.+13&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-86211-006-3&rft.au=Alexander+Nym&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADark+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dark Scene music styles: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://darkscene.org/all-styles.html">https://darkscene.org/all-styles.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaddeley2002" class="citation book cs1">Baddeley, Gavin (2002). <i>Goth Chic: A Connoisseur's Guide to Dark Culture</i>. Plexus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goth+Chic%3A+A+Connoisseur%27s+Guide+to+Dark+Culture&rft.pub=Plexus&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Baddeley&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADark+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNymStiglegger2017" class="citation cs2">Nym, Alexander; Stiglegger, Marcus (2017), "Gothic", <i>Handbuch Popkultur</i>, J.B. Metzler, pp. 91–97, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-476-05601-6_16">10.1007/978-3-476-05601-6_16</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-476-02677-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-476-02677-4"><bdi>978-3-476-02677-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handbuch+Popkultur&rft.atitle=Gothic&rft.pages=91-97&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-476-05601-6_16&rft.isbn=978-3-476-02677-4&rft.aulast=Nym&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Stiglegger%2C+Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADark+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoris_SchmidtHeinz_Janalik2000" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Doris Schmidt; Heinz Janalik (2000), <i>Grufties. Jugendkultur in Schwarz</i> (in German), Baltmannsweiler: Schneider, p. 40, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89676-342-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-89676-342-3"><bdi>3-89676-342-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grufties.+Jugendkultur+in+Schwarz&rft.place=Baltmannsweiler&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Schneider&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-89676-342-3&rft.au=Doris+Schmidt&rft.au=Heinz+Janalik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADark+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfram, Herwig (1988). The History of Goths. Berkeley and Los Angeles California: University of California Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Zillo Team', Zillo Magazine. (2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140213080815/http://zillo.de/template.cgi?page=news_detail&id=2669">https://web.archive.org/web/20140213080815/http://zillo.de/template.cgi?page=news_detail&id=2669</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rutkowski, Roman. (2004). "The Charisma of the Tomb". Norderstedt: Books on Demand</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Savatier, Andre (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.savetier.eu/dark-culture">http://www.savetier.eu/dark-culture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerrentrup, Ansgar (2000). The World of Music, Gothic and Dark Music: Forms and Background. Pp. 25-50. VWB.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rutkowski, Roman (2004). <i>Das Charisma des Grabes (The Charisma of the Grave)</i> (in German).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodkinson, Paul (2002). Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture. Oxford: Berg Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Axel Schmidt: . In: Ronald Hitzler, Arne Niederbacher (Hrsg.): . 3., vollständig überarbeitete Auflage. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, S. 61–70, hier S. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Issitt, Micah (2011). Goths: A Guide to an American Subculture (Guides to Subcultures and Countercultures). Greenwood.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaller2019" class="citation web cs1">Waller, Jordan (22 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indy100.com/viral/world-goth-day-music-films-books-when-why-explained-history-8924811">"World Goth Day: What is the annual event and when is it held?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indy100" class="mw-redirect" title="Indy100">indy100</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indy100&rft.atitle=World+Goth+Day%3A+What+is+the+annual+event+and+when+is+it+held%3F&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indy100.com%2Fviral%2Fworld-goth-day-music-films-books-when-why-explained-history-8924811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADark+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Goth_subculture" title="Template talk:Goth subculture"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Goth_subculture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Goth subculture"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Goth_subculture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture"><span style="color:white">Goth subculture</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Associated music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothabilly" title="Gothabilly">Gothabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_country" title="Gothic country">Gothic country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethereal_wave" title="Ethereal wave">Ethereal wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave_(music)" title="Cold wave (music)">Cold wave</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable bands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">The Cure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Death" title="Christian Death">Christian Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_(band)" title="Bauhaus (band)">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Division" title="Joy Division">Joy Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sisters_of_Mercy" title="The Sisters of Mercy">The Sisters of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Damned_(band)" title="The Damned (band)">The Damned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Sex_Fiend" title="Alien Sex Fiend">Alien Sex Fiend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Can_Dance" title="Dead Can Dance">Dead Can Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fields_of_the_Nephilim" title="Fields of the Nephilim">Fields of the Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_rock_artists" title="List of gothic rock artists">List of gothic rock artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Murphy_(musician)" title="Peter Murphy (musician)">Peter Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_Sioux" title="Siouxsie Sioux">Siouxsie Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Curtis" title="Ian Curtis">Ian Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Eldritch" title="Andrew Eldritch">Andrew Eldritch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Peterson" title="Cassandra Peterson">Cassandra Peterson/Elvira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_O" title="Eva O">Eva O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinah_Cancer" title="Dinah Cancer">Dinah Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Richards" title="Monica Richards">Monica Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hammer" title="Lisa Hammer">Lisa Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozz_Williams" title="Rozz Williams">Rozz Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitane_DeMone" title="Gitane DeMone">Gitane DeMone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Morrison" title="Patricia Morrison">Patricia Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_McCoy" title="Carl McCoy">Carl McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Hammer" title="Doc Hammer">Doc Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Gerrard" title="Lisa Gerrard">Lisa Gerrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Perry" title="Brendan Perry">Brendan Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Black" title="Bethany Black">Bethany Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesday_Mourning" title="Wednesday Mourning">Wednesday Mourning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Town" title="Camden Town">Camden Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(nightclub)" title="Neo (nightclub)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantasy_Theater" title="Phantasy Theater">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Dark_Alternative_Movement" title="Singapore Dark Alternative Movement">Singapore Dark Alternative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_goth_scene" title="Toronto goth scene">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable club nights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F_Club" title="F Club">F Club (1977–1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Phonographique" title="Le Phonographique">Le Phonographique (1979–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcave_(club)" title="Batcave (club)">Batcave (1982–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrowerkz#Slimelight" title="Electrowerkz">Slimelight (1987–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Guild" title="Death Guild">Death Guild (1993–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmortis" title="Xmortis">Xmortis (2004–)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Notable events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wave-Gotik-Treffen" title="Wave-Gotik-Treffen">Wave-Gotik-Treffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%27era_Luna_Festival" title="M'era Luna Festival">M'era Luna Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Dead_Festival" title="Drop Dead Festival">Drop Dead Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumous_Gothic_Festival" title="Lumous Gothic Festival">Lumous Gothic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitby_Goth_Weekend" title="Whitby Goth Weekend">Whitby Goth Weekend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convergence_(goth_festival)" title="Convergence (goth festival)">Convergence (goth festival)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bats_Day_in_the_Fun_Park" title="Bats Day in the Fun Park">Bats Day in the Fun Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Goth_Day" title="World Goth Day">World Goth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_festivals" title="List of gothic festivals">List of gothic festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Art and fashion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Gothic" title="New Gothic">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fashion" title="Gothic fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Goth" title="Health Goth">Health Goth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Bernstein" title="Drew Bernstein">Lip Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Beauty" title="Gothic Beauty">Gothic Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mortem" title="Rose Mortem">Rose Mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_hair" title="Big hair">Big hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Deathhawk">Deathhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backcombing" title="Backcombing">Backcombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winklepickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Winklepickers">Winklepickers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">Film and literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Addams_Family" title="The Addams Family">The Addams Family</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triana_Orpheus" class="mw-redirect" title="Triana Orpheus">Triana Orpheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crow" title="The Crow">The Crow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Goodbye_Family" title="The Goodbye Family">The Goodbye Family</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters" title="The Munsters">The Munsters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sandman_(comic_book)" title="The Sandman (comic book)">The Sandman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Craft_(film)" title="The Craft (film)">The Craft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_83" title="Gypsy 83">Gypsy 83</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black; color:white;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Shades of black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_music_subcultures" title="Suicide in music subcultures">Suicide in music subcultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dark culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_goth" title="Mall goth">Mall goth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gothic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gothic" title="Template:Gothic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gothic" title="Template talk:Gothic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gothic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gothic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gothic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gothic</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Gothic" title="Crimean Gothic">Crimean Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Gothic" title="Belarusian Gothic">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabantine_Gothic" title="Brabantine Gothic">Brabantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Gothic" title="Brick Gothic">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Gothic_architecture" title="Czech Gothic architecture">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamboyant" title="Flamboyant">Flamboyant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Gothic_architecture" title="French Gothic architecture">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelline_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabelline Gothic">Isabelline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Gothic_architecture" title="Italian Gothic architecture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Gothic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Gothic architecture">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gothic_architecture" title="Portuguese Gothic architecture">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonnant" title="Rayonnant">Rayonnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sondergotik" title="Sondergotik">Sondergotik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Gothic_architecture" title="Spanish Gothic architecture">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture" title="Venetian Gothic architecture">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_sculpture" title="Gothic sculpture">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_boxwood_miniature" title="Gothic boxwood miniature">Boxwood miniature</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanticism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Gothic_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="American Gothic Fiction">American Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothicism" title="Gothicism">Gothicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Gothic" title="Carpenter Gothic">Carpenter / Rural Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissenting_Gothic" title="Dissenting Gothic">Dissenting Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Victorian_Gothic" title="High Victorian Gothic">High Victorian Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_baronial_architecture" title="Scottish baronial architecture">Scottish baronial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="List of Gothic Revival architecture">By specific country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_Canada" title="Gothic Revival architecture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_Poland" title="Gothic Revival architecture in Poland">Poland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban Gothic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern literature<br />and art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Gothic_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="New Gothic Art">New Gothic Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raygun_Gothic" title="Raygun Gothic">Raygun Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario_Gothic" title="Southern Ontario Gothic">Southern Ontario Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Goth" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Goth">Space Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Gothic" title="Tasmanian Gothic">Tasmanian Gothic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern subculture,<br />music and film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">Gothic subculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Goth" title="Health Goth">Health Goth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fashion" title="Gothic fashion">Gothic fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic romance film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">Gothic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothabilly" title="Gothabilly">Gothabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_belly_dance" title="Gothic belly dance">Gothic belly dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic punk">Gothic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">Horror punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">Black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmicism" title="Cosmicism">Cosmicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danse_Macabre" title="Danse Macabre">Danse Macabre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dark culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="German Expressionism">German Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloom" title="Gloom">Gloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Satanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Satanism">Gothic Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">Grotesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesquerie" title="Grotesquerie">Grotesquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_and_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror and Terror">Horror and Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror-of-demonic" title="Horror-of-demonic">Horror-of-demonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror-of-personality" title="Horror-of-personality">Horror-of-personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_festivals" title="List of gothic festivals">List of gothic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gothic_fiction_works" title="List of gothic fiction works">List of gothic fiction works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_fashion" title="Lolita fashion">Lolita fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle" title="Mal du siècle">Mal du siècle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memento_Mori" class="mw-redirect" title="Memento Mori">Memento Mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_literature" title="Monster literature">Monster literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Victorian" title="Neo-Victorian">Neo-Victorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Romantic" title="New Romantic">New Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Occult detective">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossuary" title="Ossuary">Ossuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque revival">Romanesque revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubi_sunt" title="Ubi sunt">Ubi sunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_monsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal monsters">Universal monsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampire fiction">Vampire fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_fashion" title="Victorian fashion">Victorian fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_menace" title="Weird menace">Weird menace</a></li></ul> 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