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mixed-initiative planning and control</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mixed-initiative planning and control"> <meta name="keywords" content="mixed-initiative planning and control"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mixed-initiative planning and control"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 13831</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mixed-initiative planning and control</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13831</span> Application of Production Planning to Improve Operation in Local Factory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashayer%20Al-Enezi">Bashayer Al-Enezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budoor%20Al-Sabti"> Budoor Al-Sabti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Al-Durai"> Eman Al-Durai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatmah%20Kalban"> Fatmah Kalban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meshael%20Ahmed"> Meshael Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Production planning and control principles are concerned with planning, controlling and balancing all aspects of manufacturing including raw materials, finished goods, production schedules, and equipment requirements. Hence, an effective production planning and control system is very critical to the success of any factory. This project will focus on the application of production planning and control principles on “The National Canned Food Production and Trading Company (NCFP)” factory to find problems or areas for improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning" title="production planning">production planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operations%20improvement" title=" operations improvement"> operations improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory%20management" title=" inventory management"> inventory management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=National%20Canned%20Food%20Production%20and%20Trading%20Company%20%28NCFP%29" title=" National Canned Food Production and Trading Company (NCFP)"> National Canned Food Production and Trading Company (NCFP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10770/application-of-production-planning-to-improve-operation-in-local-factory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13830</span> Systematic Approach for Energy-Supply-Orientated Production Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Keller">F. Keller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Reinhart"> G. Reinhart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficient and economic allocation of resources is one main goal in the field of production planning and control. Nowadays, a new variable gains in importance throughout the planning process: Energy. Energy-efficiency has already been widely discussed in literature, but with a strong focus on reducing the overall amount of energy used in production. This paper provides a brief systematic approach, how energy-supply-orientation can be used for an energy-cost-efficient production planning and thus combining the idea of energy-efficiency and energy-flexibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning" title="production planning">production planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20control" title=" production control"> production control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-efficiency" title=" energy-efficiency"> energy-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-flexibility" title=" energy-flexibility"> energy-flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-supply" title=" energy-supply"> energy-supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26038/systematic-approach-for-energy-supply-orientated-production-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13829</span> Overview of Time, Resource and Cost Planning Techniques in Construction Management Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gupta">R. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Jain"> P. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Das"> S. Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One way to approach construction scheduling optimization problem is to focus on the individual aspects of planning, which can be broadly classified as time scheduling, crew and resource management, and cost control. During the last four decades, construction planning has seen a lot of research, but to date, no paper had attempted to summarize the literature available under important heads. This paper addresses each of aspects separately, and presents the findings of an in-depth literature of the various planning techniques. For techniques dealing with time scheduling, the authors have adopted a rough chronological documentation. For crew and resource management, classification has been done on the basis of the different steps involved in the resource planning process. For cost control, techniques dealing with both estimation of costs and the subsequent optimization of costs have been dealt with separately. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20planning%20techniques" title="construction planning techniques">construction planning techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20scheduling" title=" time scheduling"> time scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20planning" title=" resource planning"> resource planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20control" title=" cost control"> cost control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24164/overview-of-time-resource-and-cost-planning-techniques-in-construction-management-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13828</span> The Role of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Jagadeesh">V. Jagadeesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Venkata%20Subbaiah"> K. Venkata Subbaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Govinda%20Rao"> P. Govinda Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explaining about the significance of information technology tools and software packages in supply chain management (SCM) in order to manage the entire supply chain. Managing materials flow and financial flow and information flow effectively and efficiently with the aid of information technology tools and packages in order to deliver right quantity with right quality of goods at right time by using right methods and technology. Information technology plays a vital role in streamlining the sales forecasting and demand planning and Inventory control and transportation in supply networks and finally deals with production planning and scheduling. It achieves the objectives by streamlining the business process and integrates within the enterprise and its extended enterprise. SCM starts with customer and it involves sequence of activities from customer, retailer, distributor, manufacturer and supplier within the supply chain framework. It is the process of integrating demand planning and supply network planning and production planning and control. Forecasting indicates the direction for planning raw materials in order to meet the production planning requirements. Inventory control and transportation planning allocate the optimal or economic order quantity by utilizing shortest possible routes to deliver the goods to the customer. Production planning and control utilize the optimal resources mix in order to meet the capacity requirement planning. The above operations can be achieved by using appropriate information technology tools and software packages for the supply chain management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title="supply chain management">supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20process" title=" business process"> business process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20enterprise" title=" extended enterprise"> extended enterprise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49770/the-role-of-information-technology-in-supply-chain-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13827</span> Distributed Real-time Framework for Experimental Multi Aerial Robotic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Knox">Samuel Knox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Verdon%20Crann"> Verdon Crann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peyman%20Amiri"> Peyman Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Crowther"> William Crowther</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There exists a shortage of open-source firmware for allowing researchers to focus on implementing high-level planning and control strategies for multi aerial robotic systems in simulation and experiment. Within this body of work, practical firmware is presented, which performs all supplementary tasks, including communications, pre and post-experiment procedures, and emergency safety measures. This allows researchers to implement high-level planning and control algorithms for path planning, traffic management, flight formation and swarming of aerial robots. The framework is built in Python using the MAVSDK library, which is compatible with flight controllers running PX4 firmware and onboard computers based on Linux. Communication is performed using Wi-Fi and the MQTT protocol, currently implemented using a centralized broker. Finally, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed to send general commands and monitor the agents. This framework enables researchers to prepare customized planning and control algorithms in a modular manner. Studies can be performed experimentally and in simulation using PX4 software in the loop (SITL) and the Gazebo simulator. An example experimental use case of the framework is presented using novel distributed planning and control strategies. The demonstration is performed using off-the-shelf components and minimal setup. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20robotics" title="aerial robotics">aerial robotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20framework" title=" distributed framework"> distributed framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title=" experimental"> experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20and%20control" title=" planning and control"> planning and control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147410/distributed-real-time-framework-for-experimental-multi-aerial-robotic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13826</span> Three-Dimensional Optimal Path Planning of a Flying Robot for Terrain Following/Terrain Avoidance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Kosari">Amirreza Kosari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Maghsoudi"> Hossein Maghsoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malahat%20Givar"> Malahat Givar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the three-dimensional optimal path planning of a flying robot for Terrain Following / Terrain Avoidance (TF/TA) purposes using Direct Collocation has been investigated. To this purpose, firstly, the appropriate equations of motion representing the flying robot translational movement have been described. The three-dimensional optimal path planning of the flying vehicle in terrain following/terrain avoidance maneuver is formulated as an optimal control problem. The terrain profile, as the main allowable height constraint has been modeled using Fractal Generation Method. The resulting optimal control problem is discretized by applying Direct Collocation numerical technique, and then transformed into a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLP). The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by extensive simulations, and in particular, it is verified that this approach could produce a solution satisfying almost all performance and environmental constraints encountering a low-level flying maneuver <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20planning" title="path planning">path planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20following" title=" terrain following"> terrain following</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20programming" title=" nonlinear programming"> nonlinear programming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98941/three-dimensional-optimal-path-planning-of-a-flying-robot-for-terrain-followingterrain-avoidance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13825</span> Most Important Educational Planning Issues in the Developing Countries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naeem%20Khan">Naeem Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1971 Williams in his essay titled "What Educational Planning is About in Higher Education" defined educational planning as "planning in education, as in anything else consist essentially of deciding, in advance, what you want, to do and how you are going to do in". In the “World Year book of Education”. While Anderson and Bowman in 1976 in their joint article titled "Theoretical Considerations in Educational Planning" defined it as "the process of preparing a set of decisions for future action pertaining in education". There are so many other definitions which are related to educational planning in which every one stress on the importance of educational planning. But developing countries face a lot of problems related to the educational planning and this paper is to discuss few of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20planning" title="educational planning">educational planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problems" title=" problems"> problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20system" title=" education system"> education system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22287/most-important-educational-planning-issues-in-the-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13824</span> Machine Learning Approach to Project Control Threshold Reliability Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kim">Y. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Lee"> H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Park"> M. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lee"> B. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Planning is understood as the determination of what has to be performed, how, in which sequence, when, what resources are needed, and their cost within the organization before execution. In most construction project, it is evident that the inherent nature of planning is dynamic, and initial planning is subject to be changed due to various uncertain conditions of construction project. Planners take a continuous revision process during the course of a project and until the very end of project. However, current practice lacks reliable, systematic tool for setting variance thresholds to determine when and what corrective actions to be taken. Rather it is heavily dependent on the level of experience and knowledge of the planner. Thus, this paper introduces a machine learning approach to evaluate project control threshold reliability incorporating project-specific data and presents a method to automate the process. The results have shown that the model improves the efficiency and accuracy of the monitoring process as an early warning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20control" title=" project control"> project control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20progress%20monitoring" title=" project progress monitoring"> project progress monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schedule" title=" schedule "> schedule </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92333/machine-learning-approach-to-project-control-threshold-reliability-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13823</span> Digital Transformation in Production Planning and Control: Evaluation of the Organizational Readiness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Wissing">Tobias Wissing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Burggr%C3%A4f"> Peter Burggräf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Wagner"> Johannes Wagner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cost pressure, competitiveness and the increasing turbulence of globalized saturated markets has been the driver for a variety of research activities in the field of production planning and control (PPC) during the past decades. For some time past an increasing awareness for innovative technologies in terms of Industry 4.0 can be noticed. Although there are many promising approaches a solely installation of those smart solutions will not maximize the PPC performance. To accelerate the successful digital transformation the cooperation between employee and technology also has to be adapted. The existing processes and organizational structures might be not sufficient to maximize the utilization of technological innovations. This paper presents the key results of an extensive study which was conducted by the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of the RWTH Aachen University to evaluate the current situation and examine the organizational readiness for this digital transformation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber-physical%20production%20system" title="cyber-physical production system">cyber-physical production system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20transformation" title=" digital transformation"> digital transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%204.0" title=" industry 4.0"> industry 4.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning%20and%20control" title=" production planning and control"> production planning and control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56498/digital-transformation-in-production-planning-and-control-evaluation-of-the-organizational-readiness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13822</span> Urban Planning Compilation Problems in China and the Corresponding Optimization Ideas under the Vision of the Hyper-Cycle Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Dongchen">Hong Dongchen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Qiuxiao"> Chen Qiuxiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Shuang"> Wu Shuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Systematic science reveals the complex nonlinear mechanisms of behaviour in urban system. However, in China, when the current city planners face with the system, most of them are still taking simple linear thinking to consider the open complex giant system. This paper introduces the hyper-cycle theory, which is one of the basis theories of systematic science, based on the analysis of the reasons why the current urban planning failed, and proposals for optimization ideas that urban planning compilation should change, from controlling quantitative to the changes of relationship, from blueprint planning to progressive planning based on the nonlinear characteristics and from management control to dynamically monitor feedback. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20science" title="systematic science">systematic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-cycle%20theory" title=" hyper-cycle theory"> hyper-cycle theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20management" title=" urban management"> urban management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3717/urban-planning-compilation-problems-in-china-and-the-corresponding-optimization-ideas-under-the-vision-of-the-hyper-cycle-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13821</span> Analysis of Legal System of Land Use in Archaeological Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Sheng%20Ho">Yen-Sheng Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to actively adjust the legal system of land use in archaeological sites and the reward system to meet the needs of modern society and to solve the dilemma of government management. Under the principle of administration according to law and the principle of the clarity of law, human rights, legal orders and legitimate expectation shall be regulated. The Cultural Heritage Preservation Act has many norms related to archaeological sites in Taiwan. However, in practice, the preservation of archaeological sites still encounters many challenges. For instance, some archaeological sites have ‘management and maintenance plans’. The restrictions of land uses are not clearly defined making it difficult to determine how planting types and cultivation methods will impact the underground relics. In addition, there are questions as follows. How to coordinate the ‘site preservation plan’ with the Regional Planning Act and the Urban Planning Act? How to define preservation of land, preservation area and other uses of land or area? How to define land use in practice? How to control land use? After selecting three sites for the case investigation, this study will analyze the site’s land use status and propose the direction of land use and control methods. This study suggests that the prerequisite to limit the use of land is to determine the public interest in the preservation of the site. Another prerequisite is to establish a mechanism for permitting the use of the site and for setting the site preservation and zoning maintenance practices according to the Regional Planning Act, Urban Planning Act and other relevant rules, such as, land use zoning, land use control, land management, land maintenance, regional development and management and etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeological%20site" title="archaeological site">archaeological site</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20and%20site%20preservation%20plan" title=" land use and site preservation plan"> land use and site preservation plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20planning" title=" regional planning"> regional planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92126/analysis-of-legal-system-of-land-use-in-archaeological-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13820</span> Motion Planning and Posture Control of the General 3-Trailer System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Raghuwaiya">K. Raghuwaiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sharma"> B. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Vanualailai"> J. Vanualailai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a set of artificial potential field functions that improves upon; in general, the motion planning and posture control, with theoretically guaranteed point and posture stabilities, convergence and collision avoidance properties of the general 3-trailer system in a priori known environment. We basically design and inject two new concepts; ghost walls and the distance optimization technique (DOT) to strengthen point and posture stabilities, in the sense of Lyapunov, of our dynamical model. This new combination of techniques emerges as a convenient mechanism for obtaining feasible orientations at the target positions with an overall reduction in the complexity of the navigation laws. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controls laws. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20potential%20fields" title="artificial potential fields">artificial potential fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-trailer%20systems" title=" 3-trailer systems"> 3-trailer systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20planning" title=" motion planning"> motion planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posture" title=" posture"> posture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7449/motion-planning-and-posture-control-of-the-general-3-trailer-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13819</span> Strategic Planning in South African Higher Education </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noxolo%20Mafu">Noxolo Mafu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents an overview of strategic planning in South African higher education institutions by tracing its trends and mystique in order to identify its impact. Over the democratic decades, strategic planning has become integral to institutional survival. It has been used as a potent tool by several institutions to catch up and surpass counterparts. While planning has always been part of higher education, strategic planning should be considered different. Strategic planning is primarily about development and maintenance of a strategic fitting between an institution and its dynamic opportunities. This presupposes existence of sets of stages that institutions pursue of which, can be regarded for assessment of the impact of strategic planning in an institution. The network theory serves guides the study in demystifying apparent organisational networks in strategic planning processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory" title="network theory">network theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20planning" title=" strategic planning"> strategic planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57681/strategic-planning-in-south-african-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13818</span> Planning a Haemodialysis Process by Minimum Time Control of Hybrid Systems with Sliding Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radoslaw%20Pytlak">Radoslaw Pytlak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damian%20Suski"> Damian Suski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the paper is to provide a computational tool for planning a haemodialysis process. It is shown that optimization methods can be used to obtain the most effective treatment focused on removing both urea and phosphorus during the process. In order to achieve that, the IV–compartment model of phosphorus kinetics is applied. This kinetics model takes into account a rebound phenomenon that can occur during haemodialysis and results in a hybrid model of the process. Furthermore, vector fields associated with the model equations are such that it is very likely that using the most intuitive objective functions in the planning problem could lead to solutions which include sliding motions. Therefore, building computational tools for solving the problem of planning a haemodialysis process has required constructing numerical algorithms for solving optimal control problems with hybrid systems. The paper concentrates on minimum time control of hybrid systems since this control objective is the most suitable for the haemodialysis process considered in the paper. The presented approach to optimal control problems with hybrid systems is different from the others in several aspects. First of all, it is assumed that a hybrid system can exhibit sliding modes. Secondly, the system’s motion on the switching surface is described by index 2 differential–algebraic equations, and that guarantees accurate tracking of the sliding motion surface. Thirdly, the gradients of the problem’s functionals are evaluated with the help of adjoint equations. The adjoint equations presented in the paper take into account sliding motion and exhibit jump conditions at transition times. The optimality conditions in the form of the weak maximum principle for optimal control problems with hybrid systems exhibiting sliding modes and with piecewise constant controls are stated. The presented sensitivity analysis can be used to construct globally convergent algorithms for solving considered problems. The paper presents numerical results of solving the haemodialysis planning problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemodialysis%20planning%20process" title="haemodialysis planning process">haemodialysis planning process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20systems" title=" hybrid systems"> hybrid systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20motion" title=" sliding motion"> sliding motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128983/planning-a-haemodialysis-process-by-minimum-time-control-of-hybrid-systems-with-sliding-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13817</span> Determination of the Economic Planning Depth for Assembly Process Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kampker">A. Kampker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Burggr%C3%A4f"> P. Burggräf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20B%C3%A4umers"> Y. Bäumers </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to be competitive, companies have to reduce their production costs while meeting increasing quality requirements. Therefore, companies try to plan their assembly processes as detailed as possible. However, increasing product individualization leading to a higher number of variants, smaller batch sizes and shorter product life cycles raise the question to what extent the effort of detailed planning is still justified. An important approach in this field of research is the concept of determining the economic planning depth for assembly process planning based on production specific influencing factors. In this paper, first solution hypotheses as well as a first draft of the resulting method will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assembly%20process%20planning" title="assembly process planning">assembly process planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20planning%20depth" title=" economic planning depth"> economic planning depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20benefit" title=" planning benefit"> planning benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20effort" title=" planning effort"> planning effort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30242/determination-of-the-economic-planning-depth-for-assembly-process-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13816</span> A Control Model for the Dismantling of Industrial Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Mach">Florian Mach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Hund"> Eric Hund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malte%20Stonis"> Malte Stonis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dismantling of disused industrial facilities such as nuclear power plants or refineries is an enormous challenge for the planning and control of the logistic processes. Existing control models do not meet the requirements for a proper dismantling of industrial plants. Therefore, the paper presents an approach for the control of dismantling and post-processing processes (e.g. decontamination) in plant decommissioning. In contrast to existing approaches, the dismantling sequence and depth are selected depending on the capacity utilization of required post-processing processes by also considering individual characteristics of respective dismantling tasks (e.g. decontamination success rate, uncertainties regarding the process times). The results can be used in the dismantling of industrial plants (e.g. nuclear power plants) to reduce dismantling time and costs by avoiding bottlenecks such as capacity constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dismantling%20management" title="dismantling management">dismantling management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20planning%20and%20control%20models" title=" logistics planning and control models"> logistics planning and control models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20power%20plant%20dismantling" title=" nuclear power plant dismantling"> nuclear power plant dismantling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20logistics" title=" reverse logistics"> reverse logistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51137/a-control-model-for-the-dismantling-of-industrial-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13815</span> Analysis on the Development and Evolution of China’s Territorial Spatial Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20YuanYan">He YuanYan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, China has implemented the reform of land and space planning. As an important public policy, land and space planning plays a vital role in the construction and development of cities. Land and space planning throughout the country is in full swing, but there are still many disputes from all walks of life. The content, scope, and specific implementation process of land and space planning are also ambiguous, leading to the integration of multiple regulation problems such as unclear authority, unclear responsibilities, and poor planning results during the implementation of land and space planning. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the development and evolution of domestic and foreign land space planning, clarify the problems and cruxes from the current situation of China's land space planning, and sort out the obstacles and countermeasures to the implementation of this policy, so as to deepen the understanding of the connotation of land space planning. It is of great practical significance for all planners to correctly understand and clarify the specific contents and methods of land space planning and to smoothly promote the implementation of land space planning at all levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=territorial%20spatial%20planning" title="territorial spatial planning">territorial spatial planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy" title=" public policy"> public policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20space" title=" land space"> land space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20planning" title=" overall planning"> overall planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159371/analysis-on-the-development-and-evolution-of-chinas-territorial-spatial-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13814</span> Effect of Project Control Practices on the Performance of Building Construction Companies in Uganda: A Case Study of Kampala City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tukundane%20Hillary">Tukundane Hillary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper analytically evaluates the project control practice levels used by the building construction companies within Kampala, Uganda. The research also assesses the outcome of project control practices on the productivity of the companies. The research was performed to ascertain the current control practices among 160 respondents from various construction companies registered with the Uganda Registration Services Bureau. This research used amalgamation from multiple literature to obtain the variables. The research adopts 34 standard control practices from four vital project control duties: planning, monitoring, analyzing, and reporting. These project control tasks were organized using mean response ratings grounded on their relevance to the construction companies. Results showed that evaluating performance with the use of curves (4.32), timely access to information and encouragement (4.55), report representation using quantitative tools 4.75, and cost value comparison application during analysis (4.76) were rated least among the control practices. On the other hand, the top project control practices included formulation of the project schedule (8.88), Project feasibility validation (8.86), Budgeting for each activity (8.84), Key project route definition (8.81), Team awareness of the budget (8.77), Setting realistic targets for projects (8.50) and Consultation from subcontractors (8.74). From the results obtained by the sample respondents specified, it can be concluded that planning is the most vital project control task practiced in the building construction industry in Uganda. In addition, this research ascertained a substantial relationship between project control practices and the performance of building construction companies. Accordingly, this research recommends that project control practices be effectively observed by both contracting and consulting companies to enhance their overall performance and governance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20value" title="cost value">cost value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20control" title=" project control"> project control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20control" title=" cost control"> cost control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20control" title=" time control"> time control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20performance" title=" project performance"> project performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20practices" title=" control practices"> control practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182469/effect-of-project-control-practices-on-the-performance-of-building-construction-companies-in-uganda-a-case-study-of-kampala-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13813</span> Modeling and Analysis of Laser Sintering Process Scanning Time for Optimal Planning and Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agarana%20Michael%20C.">Agarana Michael C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinlabi%20Esther%20T."> Akinlabi Esther T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pule%20Kholopane"> Pule Kholopane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to sustain the advantages of an advanced manufacturing technique, such as laser sintering, minimization of total processing cost of the parts being produced is very important. An efficient time management would usually very important in optimal cost attainment which would ultimately result in an efficient advanced manufacturing process planning and control. During Laser Scanning Process Scanning (SLS) procedures it is possible to adjust various manufacturing parameters which are used to influence the improvement of various mechanical and other properties of the products. In this study, Modelling and mathematical analysis, including sensitivity analysis, of the laser sintering process time were carried out. The results of the analyses were represented with graphs, from where conclusions were drawn. It was specifically observed that achievement of optimal total scanning time is key for economic efficiency which is required for sustainability of the process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20and%20analysis" title="modeling and analysis">modeling and analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20planning%20and%20control" title=" optimal planning and control"> optimal planning and control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20sintering%20process" title=" laser sintering process"> laser sintering process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20time" title=" scanning time"> scanning time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158820/modeling-and-analysis-of-laser-sintering-process-scanning-time-for-optimal-planning-and-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13812</span> Multi Objective Near-Optimal Trajectory Planning of Mobile Robot </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Khoukhi">Amar Khoukhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shahab"> Mohamed Shahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the optimal control problem of mobile robot motion as a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) and solved using a direct method of numerical optimal control. The NLP is initialized with a B-Spline for which node locations are optimized using a genetic search. The system acceleration inputs and sampling periods are considered as optimization variables. Different scenarios with different objectives weights are implemented and investigated. Interesting results are found in terms of complying with the expected behavior of a mobile robot system and time-energy minimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20control" title="multi-objective control">multi-objective control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-holonomic%20systems" title=" non-holonomic systems"> non-holonomic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20robots" title=" mobile robots"> mobile robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20programming" title=" nonlinear programming"> nonlinear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20planning" title=" motion planning"> motion planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B-spline" title=" B-spline"> B-spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14286/multi-objective-near-optimal-trajectory-planning-of-mobile-robot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13811</span> Construction Project Planning Using Fuzzy Critical Path Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20M.%20Aldenali">Omar M. Aldenali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Planning is one of the most important phases of the management science and network planning, which represents the project activities relationship. Critical path is one of the project management techniques used to plan and control the execution of a project activities. The objective of this paper is to implement a fuzzy logic approach to arrange network planning on construction projects. This method is used to finding out critical path in the fuzzy construction project network. The trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are used to represent the activity construction project times. A numerical example that represents a house construction project is introduced. The critical path method is implemented on the fuzzy construction network activities, and the results showed that this method significantly affects the completion time of the construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20project" title="construction project">construction project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20path" title=" critical path"> critical path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20network%20project" title=" fuzzy network project"> fuzzy network project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111693/construction-project-planning-using-fuzzy-critical-path-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13810</span> Development of a Methodology for Surgery Planning and Control: A Management Approach to Handle the Conflict of High Utilization and Low Overtime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timo%20Miebach">Timo Miebach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirsten%20Hoeper"> Kirsten Hoeper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolin%20Felix"> Carolin Felix</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In times of competitive pressures and demographic change, hospitals have to reconsider their strategies as a company. Due to the fact, that operations are one of the main income and one of the primary cost drivers otherwise, a process-oriented approach and an efficient use of resources seems to be the right way for getting a consistent market position. Thus, the efficient operation room occupancy planning is an important cause variable for the success and continued the existence of these institutions. A high utilization of resources is essential. This means a very high, but nevertheless sensible capacity-oriented utilization of working systems that can be realized by avoiding downtimes and a thoughtful occupancy planning. This engineering approach should help hospitals to reach her break-even point. Firstly, the aim is to establish a strategy point, which can be used for the generation of a planned throughput time. Secondly, the operation planning and control should be facilitated and implemented accurately by the generation of time modules. More than 100,000 data records of the Hannover Medical School were analyzed. The data records contain information about the type of conducted operation, the duration of the individual process steps, and all other organizational-specific data such as an operating room. Based on the aforementioned data base, a generally valid model was developed by an analysis to define a strategy point which takes the conflict of capacity utilization and low overtime into account. Furthermore, time modules were generated in this work, which allows a simplified and flexible operation planning and control for the operation manager. By the time modules, it is possible to reduce a high average value of the idle times of the operation rooms. Furthermore, the potential is used to minimize the idle time spread. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title="capacity">capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20room" title=" operating room"> operating room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery%20planning%20and%20control" title=" surgery planning and control"> surgery planning and control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilization" title=" utilization"> utilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54025/development-of-a-methodology-for-surgery-planning-and-control-a-management-approach-to-handle-the-conflict-of-high-utilization-and-low-overtime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13809</span> Potential Field Functions for Motion Planning and Posture of the Standard 3-Trailer System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Raghuwaiya">K. Raghuwaiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Singh"> S. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sharma"> B. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Vanualailai"> J. Vanualailai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a set of artificial potential field functions that improves upon; in general, the motion planning and posture control, with theoretically guaranteed point and posture stabilities, convergence and collision avoidance properties of 3-trailer systems in a priori known environment. We basically design and inject two new concepts; ghost walls and the Distance Optimization Technique (DOT) to strengthen point and posture stabilities, in the sense of Lyapunov, of our dynamical model. This new combination of techniques emerges as a convenient mechanism for obtaining feasible orientations at the target positions with an overall reduction in the complexity of the navigation laws. The effectiveness of the proposed control laws were demonstrated via simulations of two traffic scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20potential%20fields" title="artificial potential fields">artificial potential fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-trailer%20systems" title=" 3-trailer systems"> 3-trailer systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20planning" title=" motion planning"> motion planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posture" title=" posture"> posture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20and%20collision" title=" parking and collision"> parking and collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20trajectories" title=" free trajectories"> free trajectories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6932/potential-field-functions-for-motion-planning-and-posture-of-the-standard-3-trailer-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13808</span> Financial Audit Planning: Its Importance in Kosovo Entrepreneurship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shpetim%20Rezniqi">Shpetim Rezniqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years has increased, and increasingly has become necessary to make audit of financial statements. An auditor to perform an audit, should plan its audit in order to provide a high-quality audit and to be performed in an economic, efficient, effective and timely. This phase of the audit is also important stages of reach to the final goal of an audit to be professional and based in Kosovo and International Standards on Auditing. Always considering Kosovo as a new state and once out of war, where everything in its entrepreneurship started from the lowest stage of economic development and aim at development and regional and European integration, planning and performing audit becomes even more important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title="control">control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting" title=" accounting"> accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23170/financial-audit-planning-its-importance-in-kosovo-entrepreneurship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13807</span> Effective Retirement Planning: Exploring Financial Planning Behavior in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanley%20Yap%20Peng%20Lok">Stanley Yap Peng Lok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20Wei%20Ying"> Chong Wei Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leow%20Hon%20Wei"> Leow Hon Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Kimiyaghalam"> Fatemeh Kimiyaghalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This paper examines how people treat on the importance of financial planning for their retirement. There is lack of standard instrument that enable us to access the retirement planning behavior. This paper studies the reliability and validity of a proposed scale for accessing this behavior. Design/methodology/approach: The Retirement Planning Behavior scale (RPB) is developed from the results of reviewing different papers on this topic. A total of 900 Malaysians from the age of 18 and above are used as the sample. Findings: Our results show, firstly, the RPB meets all criteria from the instrument reliability and validity which based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, our findings propose two components for this RPB scale; attitude toward planning for retirement and intention towards retirement planning behavior. Practical implication: An effective retirement planning achieves financial independence after the retirement. Our findings have important implications for the scope and significance of the retirement planning behavior measurement, especially for retirees. Originality/value: This study proposes a new approach to cater consumers’ needs for retirement planning. Therefore, consumers are able to achieve financial independence in their retirement age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retirement%20planning%20behavior%20%28RPB%29%20scale" title="retirement planning behavior (RPB) scale">retirement planning behavior (RPB) scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retirement%20planning" title=" retirement planning"> retirement planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20independence" title=" financial independence"> financial independence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79083/effective-retirement-planning-exploring-financial-planning-behavior-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13806</span> Parking Space Detection and Trajectory Tracking Control for Vehicle Auto-Parking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiuh-Jer%20Huang">Shiuh-Jer Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Sheng%20Hsu"> Yu-Sheng Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On-board available parking space detecting system, parking trajectory planning and tracking control mechanism are the key components of vehicle backward auto-parking system. Firstly, pair of ultrasonic sensors is installed on each side of vehicle body surface to detect the relative distance between ego-car and surrounding obstacle. The dimension of a found empty space can be calculated based on vehicle speed and the time history of ultrasonic sensor detecting information. This result can be used for constructing the 2D vehicle environmental map and available parking type judgment. Finally, the auto-parking controller executes the on-line optimal parking trajectory planning based on this 2D environmental map, and monitors the real-time vehicle parking trajectory tracking control. This low cost auto-parking system was tested on a model car. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20auto-parking" title="vehicle auto-parking">vehicle auto-parking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20space%20detection" title=" parking space detection"> parking space detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20path%20tracking%20control" title=" parking path tracking control"> parking path tracking control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20fuzzy%20controller" title=" intelligent fuzzy controller"> intelligent fuzzy controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78571/parking-space-detection-and-trajectory-tracking-control-for-vehicle-auto-parking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13805</span> Building a Parametric Link between Mapping and Planning: A Sunlight-Adaptive Urban Green System Plan Formation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenhao%20Zhu">Chenhao Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantitative mapping is playing a growing role in guiding urban planning, such as using a heat map created by CFX, CFD2000, or Envi-met, to adjust the master plan. However, there is no effective quantitative link between the mappings and planning formation. So, in many cases, the decision-making is still based on the planner's subjective interpretation and understanding of these mappings, which limits the improvement of scientific and accuracy brought by the quantitative mapping. Therefore, in this paper, an effort has been made to give a methodology of building a parametric link between the mapping and planning formation. A parametric planning process based on radiant mapping has been proposed for creating an urban green system. In the first step, a script is written in Grasshopper to build a road network and form the block, while the Ladybug Plug-in is used to conduct a radiant analysis in the form of mapping. Then, the research creatively transforms the radiant mapping from a polygon into a data point matrix, because polygon is hard to engage in the design formation. Next, another script is created to select the main green spaces from the road network based on the criteria of radiant intensity and connect the green spaces' central points to generate a green corridor. After that, a control parameter is introduced to adjust the corridor's form based on the radiant intensity. Finally, a green system containing greenspace and green corridor is generated under the quantitative control of the data matrix. The designer only needs to modify the control parameter according to the relevant research results and actual conditions to realize the optimization of the green system. This method can also be applied to much other mapping-based analysis, such as wind environment analysis, thermal environment analysis, and even environmental sensitivity analysis. The parameterized link between the mapping and planning will bring about a more accurate, objective, and scientific planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20link" title="parametric link">parametric link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20system" title=" urban green system"> urban green system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiant%20intensity" title=" radiant intensity"> radiant intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20strategy" title=" planning strategy"> planning strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grasshopper" title=" grasshopper"> grasshopper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109538/building-a-parametric-link-between-mapping-and-planning-a-sunlight-adaptive-urban-green-system-plan-formation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13804</span> Methodological Analysis and Exploration of Feminist Planning Research in the Field of Urban and Rural Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Zuo">Xi Zuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a part of the urban population that cannot be ignored, women have long been less involved in urban planning due to socio-economic constraints. Urban planning and development have long been influenced by the mainstream "male standard," paying less attention to women's needs for space in the city. However, with the development of the economy and society and the improvement of women's social status, their participation in urban life is gradually increasing, and their needs for the city are diversifying. Therefore, different scholars, planning designers and governmental departments have explored this field in different degrees and directions. This paper summarizes the research on urban planning from women's perspectives and, discusses its strengths, weaknesses, and methodology with specific case studies, and then further discusses the direction of further research on this topic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title="urban planning">urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminism" title=" feminism"> feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title=" methodology"> methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183971/methodological-analysis-and-exploration-of-feminist-planning-research-in-the-field-of-urban-and-rural-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13803</span> Remote Sensing and Gis Use in Trends of Urbanization and Regional Planning </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawan%20Kumar%20Jangid">Sawan Kumar Jangid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper attempts to study various facets of urbanization and regional planning in the framework of the present conditions and future needs. Urbanization is a dynamic system in which development and changes are prominent features; which implies population growth and changes in the primary, secondary and tertiary sector in the economy. Urban population is increasing day by day due to a natural increase in population and migration from rural areas, and the impact is bound to have in urban areas in terms of infrastructure, environment, water supply and other vital resources. For the organized way of planning and monitoring the implementation of Physical urban and regional plans high-resolution satellite imagery is the potential solution. Now the Remote Sensing data is widely used in urban as well as regional planning, infrastructure planning mainly telecommunication and transport network planning, highway development, accessibility to market area development in terms of catchment and population built-up area density. With Remote Sensing it is possible to identify urban growth, which falls outside the formal planning control. Remote Sensing and GIS technique combined together facilitate the planners, in making a decision, for general public and investors to have relevant data for their use in minimum time. This paper sketches out the Urbanization modal for the future development of Urban and Regional Planning. The paper suggests, a dynamic approach towards regional development strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resolution" title=" resolution"> resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56529/remote-sensing-and-gis-use-in-trends-of-urbanization-and-regional-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13802</span> Implementation-Oriented Discussion for Historical and Cultural Villages’ Conservation Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Zhang">Xing Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the State Council of China issued the Regulations on the Conservation of Historical Cultural Towns and Villages in 2008, formulation of conservation planning has been carried out in national, provincial and municipal historical and cultural villages for protection needs, which provides a legal basis for inheritance of historical culture and protection of historical resources. Although the quantity and content of the conservation planning are continually increasing, the implementation and application are still ambiguous. To solve the aforementioned problems, this paper explores methods to enhance the implementation of conservation planning from the perspective of planning formulation. Specifically, the technical framework of "overall objectives planning - sub-objectives planning - zoning guidelines - implementation by stages" is proposed to implement the planning objectives in different classifications and stages. Then combined with details of the Qiqiao historical and cultural village conservation planning project in Ningbo, five sub-objectives are set, which are implemented through the village zoning guidelines. At the same time, the key points and specific projects in the near-term, medium-term and long-term work are clarified, and the spatial planning is transformed into the action plan with time scale. The proposed framework and method provide a reference for the implementation and management of the conservation planning of historical and cultural villages in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20planning" title="conservation planning">conservation planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20by%20stages" title=" planning by stages"> planning by stages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20implementation" title=" planning implementation"> planning implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning%20guidelines" title=" zoning guidelines"> zoning guidelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99602/implementation-oriented-discussion-for-historical-and-cultural-villages-conservation-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-initiative%20planning%20and%20control&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-initiative%20planning%20and%20control&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-initiative%20planning%20and%20control&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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