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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-詞源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>詞源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詞源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>重子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-介子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#介子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>介子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-介子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参阅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参阅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参阅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参阅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">强子</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。82种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هادرون – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هادرون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هادرون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هادرون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Гадроны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гадроны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8" title="হ্যাড্রন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যাড্রন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3" title="Hadró – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hadró" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Adrone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αδρόνιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αδρόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrono" title="Hadrono – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hadrono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronid" title="Hadronid – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hadronid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroi" title="Hadroi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hadroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هادرون – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هادرون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroni" title="Hadroni – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hadroni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%A8" title="હેડ્રૉન – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હેડ્રૉન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="האדרון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האדרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="हैड्रॉन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैड्रॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroni" title="Hadroni – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hadroni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հադրոն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հադրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterkeind" title="Sterkeind – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sterkeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adrone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="ハドロン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハドロン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰადრონები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰადრონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90" title="강입자 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강입자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronas" title="Hadronas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hadronas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadroni" title="Hadroni – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hadroni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хадрон – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хадрон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഹാഡ്രോൺ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാഡ്രോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="हॅड्रॉन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हॅड्रॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဟဒရွန် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟဒရွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adron" title="Adron – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adron" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੈਡ੍ਰੌਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਡ੍ਰੌਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrony" title="Hadrony – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hadrony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="ہیڈرون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیڈرون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%89%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="هاډرون – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هاډرون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1dron" title="Hádron – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hádron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3n" title="Hadrón – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hadrón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="வன்மி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வன்மி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="แฮดรอน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮดรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adron" title="Adron – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Adron" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Адрон – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адрон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%81" title="ثقیلہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ثقیلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adron" title="Adron – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hadron" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="强子 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="强子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" title="強子 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="強子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigqezema" title="Isigqezema – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isigqezema" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101667#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-5ff6fd68" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-5ff6fd68" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="background:"><caption class="infobox-title">強子</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qcd_fields_field_(physics).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qcd_fields_field_%28physics%29.svg/200px-Qcd_fields_field_%28physics%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qcd_fields_field_%28physics%29.svg/300px-Qcd_fields_field_%28physics%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qcd_fields_field_%28physics%29.svg/400px-Qcd_fields_field_%28physics%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="362" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">組成<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="強子">強子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a>可能帶有的<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%8D%B7" title="色荷">色荷</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">组成</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">複合粒子</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="近独立粒子统计力学">系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3-%E7%8B%84%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="费米-狄拉克统计">费米-狄拉克</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2-%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="玻色-爱因斯坦统计">玻色-愛因斯坦</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用">基本相互作用</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="強作用力">強作用力</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%8D%B7" title="色荷">色荷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">無色（白色）</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>强子</b>（英语：hadron）是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="粒子物理学">粒子物理学</a>中一种由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="反夸克">反夸克</a>通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="強作用力">強作用力</a>綑綁在一起的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">複合粒子</a>。 </p><p>强子主要分为以下兩大類： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a>：由三个夸克或三个反夸克组成，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>总是半整数；也就是说，它们是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a>。例如，组成原子核的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>都是重子。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a>：由一个夸克和一个反夸克组成，自旋是整数；也就是说，它们是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="玻色子">玻色子</a>。例如，<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>介子可以是<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left">0<br /></span></span>、<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left">+<br /></span></span>、<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left">−<br /></span></span>，每一種都分別帶有不同的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>。<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left">0<br /></span></span>介子是由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">上夸克</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="反上夸克">反上夸克</a>組成，或由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克">下夸克</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="反下夸克">反下夸克</a>組成。<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left">+<br /></span></span>介子是由上夸克與反下夸克組成。<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left">−<br /></span></span>介子是由下夸克與反上夸克組成。</li></ul> <p>另外，還有一些比較稀有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" title="奇異強子">奇異強子</a>： </p> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Z(4430)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Z(4430)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z(4430)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z(4430)（页面不存在）">Z(4430)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z(4430)" class="extiw" title="en:Z(4430)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Z(4430)</span></a></span>）</span></span>：由<a href="/wiki/Belle%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle實驗">Belle實驗</a>發現的一種<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="共振">共振</a>，質量為<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">6990709764183741000♠</span>4430 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a></span>。這個粒子內含的夸克為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="粲夸克"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>c<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span> </a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="粲夸克"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">c</span><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span> </a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>d<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span> </a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">u</span><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span> </a>，因此可以候選為由四個夸克組成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="四夸克態">四夸克</a>。2014年，<a href="/wiki/LHCb" title="LHCb">大型强子对撞机底夸克</a>（Large Hadron Collider beauty，LHCb）实验團隊發現與確認Z(4430)粒子存在。<sup id="cite_ref-LHCb2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LHCb2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>由四個夸克與一個反夸克組成的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="五夸克">五夸克</a>可能會存在，但是至今為止，尚未有實驗證據确切地证实存在，不过2015年七月的新数据分析可能证实它的存在。<sup id="cite_ref-PDGPentaquarks2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDGPentaquarks2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PDGPentaquarks2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDGPentaquarks2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>在所有強子之中，只有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>是穩定的，束縛於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>內的中子也是穩定的，其它種類的強子在普通狀況都是不穩定的。自由中子會進行<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="粒子衰變">衰變</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>約為880秒。在實驗方面，強子物理學研究通常會將質子或像<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>一類的重元素原子核碰撞在一起，然後分析產生的粒子射叢。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞源"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E6.BA.90"></span>詞源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：詞源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在1962年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%AB%98%E8%83%BD%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="国际高能物理大会">國際高能物理大會</a>的全體會議裏，列夫‧奧肯發表演講提議創建術語「hadron」，<sup id="cite_ref-okun_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okun-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>儘管這篇報告論述的是弱相互作用，我們會時常談到感受強相互作用的粒子。這些粒子不只給出很多科學問題，它們也造成了一個術語問題。重點是「感受強相互作用的粒子」是一個很笨拙的術語，它並沒有使自己形成一個形容詞。因此，例如，衰變為感受強相互作用的粒子被稱為「非輕子的行為」。這定義並不精確，因為「非輕子的行為」可能指稱的是「光子的行為」。在這篇報告裏，我將稱呼「感受強相互作用的粒子」為強子，其對應衰變為強子的行為（希臘語「ἁδρός」表示為「大」、「重」的意思，而「λεπτός」表示為「小」、「輕」的意思）。我希望這術語會在未來被證明使用很方便。<span class="nowrap"> — 列夫‧奧肯，1962年</span></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性質"><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>性質</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadron_colors_zh-hant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hadron_colors_zh-hant.png/150px-Hadron_colors_zh-hant.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Hadron_colors_zh-hant.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>每一種強子的總色荷為零。例如，一個介子的綠色與品紅色（反綠色）箭矢相互抵銷成為白色；一個重子的紅色、綠色、藍色箭矢相互抵銷成為白色；一個反重子的黃色（反藍色）、品紅色（反綠色）、青色（反紅色）箭矢相互抵銷成為白色。</figcaption></figure> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="夸克模型">夸克模型</a>，強子的性質主要是決定於其<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="價夸克">價夸克</a>，例如，質子是由兩個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">上夸克</a>與一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克">下夸克</a>所組成；上夸克的電荷為+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84583234">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>，下夸克的電荷為−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>，所以，質子的電荷為+1。<sup id="cite_ref-Quark_model_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quark_model-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>每一個夸克都帶有<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%8D%B7" title="色荷">色荷</a>，這色荷可以為紅色，綠色或藍色，而強子的<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%8D%B7" title="色荷">色荷</a>必需為零，即強子的顏色必需為「無色」或「白色」，這是因為一種稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%81%E9%96%89" title="夸克禁閉">夸克禁閉</a>的物理現象。最簡單達成這目標的方法有兩種： </p> <ul><li>組成重子的三個夸克必須帶有不同的色荷。</li> <li>組成介子的一個夸克與一個反夸克必須帶有相反的顏色，例如，假若夸克帶有紅色，則反夸克必須帶有反紅色。</li></ul> <p>更進一步分析，強子並不只是由兩個或三個夸克組成，這是因為強相互作用的能量，即傳遞強相互作用的膠子可能會擁有足夠能量<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}"></span>來產生共振，而這共振是由帶質量夸克所組成的： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E>mc^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>></mo> <mi>m</mi> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E>mc^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8ff47305e521f5a753b5fa37cfff13aaa8dc1b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.976ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E>mc^{2}}"></span>；</dd></dl> <p>其中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}"></span>是夸克的質量。 </p><p>因此，數量比率為1:1的虛夸克與虛反夸克，形成了大多數帶質量粒子在強子內部。兩個或三個價夸克是額外多餘部分。由於虛夸克不是穩定的波包（量子），而是非規律的暫時性現象，辨識哪個夸克是實夸克，哪個夸克是虛夸克，這動作並不具有實際意義，只有額外多餘部分才可從外部觀察得到。 </p><p>如同所有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="亚原子粒子">亞原子粒子</a>，每個強子都被分派一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子數">量子數</a>對應於<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%90%E5%8A%A0%E8%90%8A%E7%BE%A4" title="龐加萊群">龐加萊群</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E8%AE%BA" title="表示论">表示</a>：J<sup>PC</sup>(m)；其中，J是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>量子數，P是內秉<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E7%A8%B1" title="宇稱">宇稱</a>，C是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%E8%BB%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="正反共軛">正反共軛</a>（電荷共軛），m是粒子質量。注意到強子的大部分質量不是由價夸克所貢獻，而是因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E8%83%BD%E7%AD%89%E5%83%B9" title="質能等價">質能等價</a>，大部分質量是從強相對作用的能量所貢獻的。強子也帶有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%91%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="風味">味量子數</a>，例如，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E6%97%8B" title="同位旋">同位旋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%BC%82%E6%95%B0" title="奇异数">奇異數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E6%95%B8" title="頂數">頂數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="底数">底數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E6%95%B0" title="粲数">粲數</a>等等。所有夸克都帶有一種加性的守恆量子數，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="重子數">重子數</a>B；夸克的重子數為+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>，反夸克的重子數為−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>，因此，重子的重子數為1，介子的重子數為0。 </p><p>強子的激發態稱為「共振」；每一個基態強子都可能對應於幾個激發態。在粒子物理實驗裏，可能會觀察到幾百個共振；通過強相對作用，它們很快地會衰變，大約在10<sup>−24</sup>秒內。<sup id="cite_ref-Mittal2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mittal2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:313-317</sup> </p><p>在某些<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="相態">相態</a>裏，強子可能會消逝無蹤，例如，在非常高溫與高壓狀況，除非有足夠多<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%91%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="風味">風味</a>的夸克，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子色動力學">量子色動力學</a>的理論預測，夸克與膠子會逃出強子的禁閉，因為能量越高，強相對作用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="耦合常數">耦合</a>越弱，這性質稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="漸近自由">漸近自由</a>，已被實驗證實在1 <a href="/wiki/GeV" class="mw-redirect" title="GeV">GeV</a>與1 <a href="/wiki/TeV" class="mw-redirect" title="TeV">TeV</a>能量區間成立。<sup id="cite_ref-Bethke_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bethke-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="重子"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E5.AD.90"></span>重子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：重子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baryon_octet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baryon_octet.svg/200px-Baryon_octet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baryon_octet.svg/300px-Baryon_octet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baryon_octet.svg/400px-Baryon_octet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>由輕夸克（上夸克、下夸克和奇夸克）中任意三个夸克组成的自旋<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>重子，这八种最輕的重子形成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%87%8D%E9%81%93" title="八重道">輕夸克的重子八重組</a>。</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a></div> <p>重子是由三個夸克組成，是自旋為<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>費米子。每一個夸克的重子數為<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>，所以，重子的重子數為1。最為人知的重子是質子與中子。 </p><p>物理學者假設，除了三個夸克以外，還擁有一對夸克與反夸克的奇異重子存在。這種重子稱為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="五夸克">五夸克</a>，處於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" title="五夸克態">五夸克態</a>。2000年代曾提出幾個候選五夸克，但是更深入研究發現它們並不存在。這結果不排除未來可能找到五夸克的可能性，只是排除了這些候選五夸克。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pentaquark_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pentaquark-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>每一種重子都有其對應的反重子，假設將重子裏的每一個夸克用其反夸克取代，則可得到這反重子。例如，質子是由兩個上夸克與一個下夸克組成，它的反粒子是反質子，是由兩個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="反上夸克">反上夸克</a>與一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="反下夸克">反下夸克</a>組成。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="介子"><span id=".E4.BB.8B.E5.AD.90"></span>介子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：介子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meson_nonet_-_spin_0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Meson_nonet_-_spin_0.svg/200px-Meson_nonet_-_spin_0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Meson_nonet_-_spin_0.svg/300px-Meson_nonet_-_spin_0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Meson_nonet_-_spin_0.svg/400px-Meson_nonet_-_spin_0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>由輕夸克（上夸克、下夸克和奇夸克）中任意一个夸克與任意一個反夸克组成的自旋0介子，这九种最輕的介子形成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%87%8D%E9%81%93" title="八重道">輕夸克的介子九重組</a>。</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a></div> <p>介子是由夸克-反夸克對組成的強子。介子是自旋為整數的玻色子，擁有偶數個夸克。介子的重子數為零。在粒子物理學實驗裏常見的介子有<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>介子、<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>K<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>介子等等。在原子核裏，<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>K<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>介子通過<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%9B" title="核力">核力</a>也扮演了捆綁<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a>的角色。 </p><p> 原則而言，幾個夸克-反夸克對組成的介子可能存在。由兩對組成的假想介子稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="四夸克態">四夸克</a>，處於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="四夸克態">四夸克態</a>。2000年代曾提出幾個候選四夸克，但是它們是否存在仍極具爭議。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另外，還有一些假想的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%BC%82%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="奇异粒子">奇異介子</a>是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="夸克模型">夸克模型</a>的分類以外，這包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%90%83" title="膠球">膠球</a>與<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="混介子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hybrid meson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混介子（页面不存在）">混介子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hybrid_meson" class="extiw" title="en:hybrid meson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hybrid meson</span></a></span>）</span></span>（被激發態膠子綑綁組成的介子）</p><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参阅"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85"></span>参阅</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参阅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%92%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="大型強子對撞機">大型強子對撞機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="粒子列表">粒子列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="強子化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hadronization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="強子化（页面不存在）">強子化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronization" class="extiw" title="en:Hadronization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hadronization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LHCb2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LHCb2014_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LHCb collaboration (2014): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.1903">Observation of the resonant character of the Z(4430)<sup>–</sup> state</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320023352/http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.1903">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDGPentaquarks2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PDGPentaquarks2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.-M. 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Physics Letters B. 2008, <b>667</b>: 1 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-08-06</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhLB..667....1P"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1P</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.physletb.2008.07.018"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730230034/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/reviews/quarkmodrpp.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-07-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90&rft.atitle=Review+of+Particle+Physics+%E2%80%93+Quark+Model&rft.au=C.+Amsler+%27%27et+al.%27%27+%28Particle+Data+Group%29&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Letters+B&rft.pages=1&rft.volume=667&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdg.lbl.gov%2F2008%2Freviews%2Fquarkmodrpp.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PhLB..667....1P&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.physletb.2008.07.018&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mittal2009-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mittal2009_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mittal. 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.mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="粒子物理學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Template:粒子"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Template talk:粒子"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:粒子"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="粒子物理學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="夸克" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">u</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">u</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">d</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">c</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克">s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">s</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克">t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">t</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90" title="輕子">輕子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">e<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="正電子">e<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E5%AD%90" title="Τ子">τ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%CF%84%E5%AD%90" title="反τ子">τ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="电中微子">ν<sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%9B%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="反電中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子">ν<sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子">ν<sub>τ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>τ</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="玻色子">玻色子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="标量玻色子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="标量玻色子">标量玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="规范玻色子">规范玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="膠子">g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">W<sup>±</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">Z<sup>0</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">强子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Δ粒子">Δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="反質子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">p</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="反中子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">n</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90" title="超子">超子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Λ粒子">Λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Σ粒子">Σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ξ粒子">Ξ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ω粒子">Ω</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Π介子">π</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="K介子">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ρ介子">ρ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ω介子">ω</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J/%CF%88%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="J/ψ介子">J/ψ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Υ介子">ϒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="D介子">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="B介子">B</a></li> <li>未发现介子 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Θ介子（页面不存在）">θ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T介子（页面不存在）">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="夸克偶素">夸克偶素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="超原子">超原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子">奇異原子</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="电子偶素">电子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="緲子偶素">緲子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="真緲子偶素">真緲子偶素</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子偶素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Onium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子偶素（页面不存在）">介子偶素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onium" class="extiw" title="en:Onium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Onium</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="K介子原子">介子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超子原子（页面不存在）">超子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%AB" title="反氫">反氫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子核（页面不存在）">介子核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8" title="超核">超核</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%91%B3%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重味超核（页面不存在）">重味超核</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的基本粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="超對稱粒子">超對稱粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="超規範子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E5%AD%90" title="超規範子">超規範子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="超膠子">超膠子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="重力微子">超引力子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超光子（页面不存在）">超光子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%8D%B7%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超荷子（页面不存在）">超荷子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%90" title="超中性子">超中性子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>其他</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超希格斯粒子（页面不存在）">超希格斯粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="超費米子">超費米子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="超軸子">超軸子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超胀子（页面不存在）">超胀子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E5%AD%90" title="任意子">任意子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90" title="胀子">胀子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%AD%90" title="加速子">加速子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E5%AD%90" title="快子">快子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="軸子">A<sup>0</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%90" title="引力子">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">Y</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="W'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W'（页面不存在）">W'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Z'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z'（页面不存在）">Z'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="普朗克粒子">普朗克粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="马约拉纳费米子">马约拉纳粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8D%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB-%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB%E9%AC%BC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="法捷耶夫-波波夫鬼粒子">鬼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%90" title="斯格明子">斯格明子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="惰性中微子">惰性中微子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="大质量弱相互作用粒子">大质量弱相互作用粒子（WIMP）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" title="奇異強子">奇異強子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="奇異重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="奇異重子">奇異重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" title="五夸克態">五夸克態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="七夸克态">七夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="R-重子">R-重子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="奇異介子">奇異介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="四夸克态">四夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="六夸克态">六夸克态</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%85%8B" title="雙重子態">雙重子態</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%90%83" title="膠球">膠球</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E6%9D%82%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混杂态（页面不存在）">混杂态</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子分子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mesonic molecule"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子分子（页面不存在）">介子分子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesonic_molecule" class="extiw" title="en:Mesonic molecule"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mesonic molecule</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A1%E5%AF%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坡密子（页面不存在）">坡密子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奇数子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="odderon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇数子（页面不存在）">奇数子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/odderon" class="extiw" title="en:odderon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">odderon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双夸克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diquark"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双夸克（页面不存在）">双夸克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diquark" class="extiw" title="en:Diquark"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diquark</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="準粒子">準粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="達維多夫孤子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Davydov soliton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E5%AD%A4%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="達維多夫孤子（页面不存在）">達維多夫孤子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davydov_soliton" class="extiw" title="en:Davydov soliton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Davydov soliton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="量子滴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dropleton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量子滴（页面不存在）">量子滴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropleton" class="extiw" title="en:Dropleton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dropleton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%AD%90" title="激子">激子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%A9%B4" title="空穴">空穴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%8C%AF%E5%AD%90" title="磁振子">磁振子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%90" title="声子">聲子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">磁单极子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF%E5%AD%90" title="電漿子">電漿子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%90" title="電磁極化子">電磁極化子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90" title="極子">極子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旋子_(准粒子)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%87%86%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋子 (准粒子)（页面不存在）">旋子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roton" class="extiw" title="en:Roton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="粒子列表">粒子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子">奇异原子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="准粒子列表">准粒子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="介子列表">介子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="重子列表">重子列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="粒子发现年表">粒子发现年表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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