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sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American bridge player</div> <p><b>Howard Schenken</b> (September 28, 1903 – February 20, 1979) was an American <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">bridge</a> player, writer, and long-time syndicated bridge columnist. He was from New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-OEB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won three <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a> titles, and set several North American records. Most remarkably he won the <a href="/wiki/Von_Zedtwitz_Life_Master_Pairs" title="Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs">Life Master Pairs</a> five times, the <a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Spingold</a> twelve, and the <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Trophy" title="Vanderbilt Trophy">Vanderbilt Trophy</a> ten times; the LM Pairs and Vanderbilt records that still stand today. </p><p>Schenken is <a href="/w/index.php?title=ACBL_Life_Master&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACBL Life Master (page does not exist)">ACBL Life Master</a> number 3, dating from 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-ACBLhof_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACBLhof-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named to the bridge hall of fame by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a></i> in 1966, which brought the number of members to nine, all made founding members of the <a href="/wiki/ACBL_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="ACBL Hall of Fame">ACBL Hall of Fame</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-ACBLhof_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACBLhof-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HOFby_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOFby-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HOFtop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOFtop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-earlyHOF_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earlyHOF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schenken was playing with the Raymond Club team in the late 1920s when he was spotted by the "Father" of the game <a href="/wiki/Ely_Culbertson" title="Ely Culbertson">Ely Culbertson</a>, who invited him to play as a substitute during the much publicized "<a href="/wiki/Ely_Culbertson#Culbertson–Lenz_match" title="Ely Culbertson">Bridge Battle of the Century</a>" against <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lenz" title="Sidney Lenz">Sidney Lenz</a>, which was won by Culbertson's team. In 1932, Schenken formed a partnership with <a href="/wiki/David_Burnstine" class="mw-redirect" title="David Burnstine">David Burnstine</a> who had left the <a href="/wiki/P._Hal_Sims" title="P. Hal Sims">"Four Horsemen"</a>, the most successful team in tournament play at the time. Burnstine created the "Bid-rite Team" consisting initially of himself, Schenken, <a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Frey" title="Richard L. Frey">Richard L. Frey</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lochridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lochridge (page does not exist)">Charles Lochridge</a>. By 1935, roster changes saw the team comprise Burnstine, Schenken, <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Jacoby" title="Oswald Jacoby">Oswald Jacoby</a> (from the Four Horsemen) and <a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Gottlieb" title="Michael T. Gottlieb">Michael T. Gottlieb</a>. They became known now as the "<a href="/wiki/Four_Aces_(bridge)" title="Four Aces (bridge)">Four Aces</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rose to be the most successful team yet seen at contract bridge. They published a book of their methods in 1935, <i>The Four Aces System of Contract Bridge</i>, and tried to challenge Culbertson into another of his much publicized matches, but he declined. Schenken is recognized by the <a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a> (ACBL) as Life Master #3, one of ten named in 1936<sup id="cite_ref-LM_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – behind Burnstine and Jacoby.<sup id="cite_ref-100LM_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100LM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beside his brilliant play, Schenken was renowned for his unbreakable calm at the table. As declarer, it was impossible to tell whether he was in a comfortable contract or an impossible one (and his commanding dummy play often made an impossible one). He was a formidably difficult opponent but a remarkably easy partner. On the Four Aces, for example, he was the only one who played with every other member of the team. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a> was first held in 1950 and Schenken was on the winning USA team. He also took part in the successful defenses of the trophy in 1951 and 1953, but subsequently played on the US or North America team only on four occasions during the early 1960s. That was during the reign of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Blue_Team_(bridge)" title="Blue Team (bridge)">Blue Team</a>, which proved unbeatable from 1956 to 1972. Yet one great compliment came from members of the Blue Team who said, "If your team had had another Schenken, we never could have won."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Schenken was an ACBL board member for many years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="when? from before 1943? (June 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1943 he took over the Four Aces syndicated bridge column and in 1957 merged it with the column by Frey. They wrote it jointly until 1970 when Schenken became the sole author once more; meanwhile it became the longest continuously published national bridge column. </p><p>Schenken wrote only three books but they presented some important ideas. (Two focus on <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms#bidding" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">bidding</a>; one is a memoir.) He is credited with the discovery and introduction to the tournament world of several play techniques and examples of deceptive play which are now considered standard. </p><p>In the field of bidding theory, Schenken is credited with the idea of the <a href="/wiki/2/1_game_forcing" title="2/1 game forcing">forcing two-over-one response</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prepared_opening_bid" title="Prepared opening bid">prepared opening bid</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Weak_two_bid" title="Weak two bid">weak two bid</a>. (The "weak two" was part of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Stirling_Vanderbilt" title="Harold Stirling Vanderbilt">Harold Vanderbilt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Club" title="Vanderbilt Club">Vanderbilt Club</a> system, however.) Schenken also developed his own <a href="/wiki/Strong_club_system" title="Strong club system">strong club system</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schenken_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schenken Club (page does not exist)">Schenken Club</a>, played with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Leventritt" title="Peter Leventritt">Peter Leventritt</a>. </p><p>Schenken died in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs, California</a>, at age 75 in 1979. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bridge_accomplishments">Bridge accomplishments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bridge accomplishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honors">Honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ACBL Hall of Fame, 1966<sup id="cite_ref-HOFby_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOFby-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-earlyHOF_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earlyHOF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wins">Wins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>IBL World Championship (1) 1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a> (3) 1950, 1951, 1953</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bridge_Championships" title="North American Bridge Championships">North American Bridge Championships</a> (34) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Trophy" title="Vanderbilt Trophy">Vanderbilt</a> (10) 1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1946, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Asbury Park Trophy</a> (now Spingold) (2) 1933, 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Masters Teams-of-Four</a> (now Spingold) (2) 1934, 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Spingold</a> (8) 1938, 1939, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Chicago</a> (now Reisinger) (2) 1957, 1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Reisinger</a> (1) 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams">Men's Board-a-Match Teams</a> (1) 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mixed_Board-a-Match" title="Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match">Master Mixed Teams</a> (1) 1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Zedtwitz_Life_Master_Pairs" title="Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs">Life Master Pairs</a> (5) 1931, 1933, 1934, 1941, 1943</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Mixed_Pairs" title="Rockwell Mixed Pairs">Mixed Pairs</a> (1) 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Individual" title="Master Individual">Master Individual</a> (1) 1932</li></ul></li> <li>United States Bridge Championships (1) <ul><li>Open Pair Trials (1) 1964</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Runners-up">Runners-up</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Runners-up"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a> (3) 1961, 1963, 1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bridge_Championships" title="North American Bridge Championships">North American Bridge Championships</a> (19) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Trophy" title="Vanderbilt Trophy">Vanderbilt</a> (9) 1930, 1931, 1932, 1941, 1945, 1952, 1959, 1962, 1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Spingold</a> (3) 1941, 1947, 1955</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Chicago</a> (now Reisinger) (1) 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Reisinger</a> (1) 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mixed_Board-a-Match" title="Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match">Master Mixed Teams</a> (3) 1936, 1958, 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Zedtwitz_Life_Master_Pairs" title="Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs">Life Master Pairs</a> (2) 1932, 1952</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Aces_(bridge)" title="Four Aces (bridge)">Four Aces</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Better Bidding in 15 Minutes, Expert Bidding in a Week</i> (Simon & Schuster, 1963)</li> <li><i>Howard Schenken's "Big Club": A revolutionary, highly competitive, and accurate way to bid for every bridge player</i> (S&S, 1968)</li> <li><i>The Education of a Bridge Player</i> (S&S, 1973); London: Robert Hale, 1976</li></ul> <p>Schenken was a nominal co-author of publications by the Four Aces, or Four Aces Bridge Studio in some catalog records. There were at least two books with mainstream editions. </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurnstineJacobySchenkenGottlieb1935" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Burnstine" class="mw-redirect" title="David Burnstine">Burnstine, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Jacoby" title="Oswald Jacoby">Jacoby, Oswald</a>; Schenken, Howard; <a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Gottlieb" title="Michael T. Gottlieb">Gottlieb, Michael T.</a> (1935). <i>Four Aces System of Contract Bridge</i>. New York: Random House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Aces+System+of+Contract+Bridge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Burnstine&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Jacoby%2C+Oswald&rft.au=Schenken%2C+Howard&rft.au=Gottlieb%2C+Michael+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Schenken" class="Z3988"></span>, 302 pp.</li> <li><i>Five-suit bridge, by the Four Aces</i> (<a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, 1938), Burnstine, Jacoby, Merwin D. Maier, Schenken</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 25em ;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LM_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LM_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schenken and nine others were named Life Masters by the American Bridge League in 1936. The ACBL was established by mergers of competing organizations, completed late in 1937, and it continued the ABL Life Master title and <a href="/wiki/Master_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Master points">master points</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-LM_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earlyHOF-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earlyHOF_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earlyHOF_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Bridge World</i> monthly magazine, established by <a href="/wiki/Ely_Culbertson" title="Ely Culbertson">Ely Culbertson</a> in 1929, named nine members of its bridge hall of fame including Culbertson from 1964 to 1966, but it never named another. Almost thirty years later, the ACBL established its hall of fame with the <i>Bridge World</i> nine as founding members. It named eight new members in 1995 and has inducted others annually since then.<sup id="cite_ref-HOFby_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOFby-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HOFtop_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOFtop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em ;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OEB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OEB_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisTruscottFrancis1994" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Henry G.; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Truscott" title="Alan Truscott">Truscott, Alan F.</a>; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i> (5th ed.). Memphis, TN: <a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a>. p. 731. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-943855-48-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-943855-48-9"><bdi>0-943855-48-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/96188639">96188639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge&rft.place=Memphis%2C+TN&rft.pages=731&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F96188639&rft.isbn=0-943855-48-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Schenken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACBLhof-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACBLhof_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACBLhof_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acbl.org/about-acbl/hall-of-fame/members/schenken-howard">"Schenken, Howard"</a>. <i>Hall of Fame</i>. ACBL. Retrieved 2014-12-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOFby-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HOFby_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HOFby_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HOFby_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acbl.org/about-acbl/hall-of-fame/induction-by-year">"Induction by Year"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205191454/http://www.acbl.org/about-acbl/hall-of-fame/induction-by-year/">Archived</a> 2014-12-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Hall of Fame</i>. ACBL. Retrieved 2014-12-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOFtop-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HOFtop_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HOFtop_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acbl.org/about-acbl/hall-of-fame"><i>Hall of Fame</i></a> (top page). ACBL. Retrieved 2014-12-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManleyHortonGreenberg-YarbroRigal2011" class="citation book cs1">Manley, Brent; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(bridge)" title="Mark Horton (bridge)">Horton, Mark</a>; Greenberg-Yarbro, Tracey; Rigal, Barry, eds. (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a> - Biographies and Results</i> (compact disk) (7th ed.). Horn Lake, MS: <a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a>. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939460-99-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939460-99-1"><bdi>978-0-939460-99-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Encyclopedia+of+Bridge+-+Biographies+and+Results&rft.place=Horn+Lake%2C+MS&rft.pages=7&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=American+Contract+Bridge+League&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-939460-99-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Schenken" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100LM-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100LM_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgeguys.com/LGlossary/LifeMasters.html">"First 100 Life Masters"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194552/http://www.bridgeguys.com/LGlossary/LifeMasters.html">Archived</a> 2015-09-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Glossary and Library</i> [L]. Bridge Guys (bridgeguys.com). Retrieved 2014-12-29. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LM-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LM_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/14/news/bridge-104691.html">"Bridge"</a> (untitled column on the original Life Masters—ten, 1936). Alan Truscott. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 14, 1991. Retrieved 2014-06-10.</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Senior" title="Brian Senior">Brian Senior</a>, ed. [probable writer]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurobridge.org/competitions/02Torquay/Bulletins/11ThuPg3.htm">"The All-time Bridge Greats (4): Howard Schenken"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060530080316/http://www.eurobridge.org/competitions/02Torquay/Bulletins/11ThuPg3.htm">Archived</a> 2006-05-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>18th European Youth Team Championships: Daily Bulletin</i> (Torquay, England). <a href="/wiki/European_Bridge_League" title="European Bridge League">European Bridge League</a>. Bulletin 4 (11 July 2002). Page 3.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Schenken&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://web5.acbl.org/about-acbl/hall-of-fame/members/schenken-howard/">Citation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/ACBL_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="ACBL Hall of Fame">ACBL Hall of Fame</a> (archived)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.worldbridge.org/Repository/peopleforscrappcm/person.asp?qryid=15524">"International record for Howard Schenken"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+record+for+Howard+Schenken&rft.pub=World+Bridge+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.worldbridge.org%2FRepository%2Fpeopleforscrappcm%2Fperson.asp%3Fqryid%3D15524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoward+Schenken" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5920825#P3172" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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