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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indentured_labourers_and_Passenger_Indians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indentured_labourers_and_Passenger_Indians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Indentured labourers and Passenger Indians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indentured_labourers_and_Passenger_Indians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_discrimination_(1860–1910)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_discrimination_(1860–1910)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early discrimination (1860–1910)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_discrimination_(1860–1910)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Natal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transvaal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transvaal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Transvaal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transvaal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cape_Colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cape_Colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Cape Colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cape_Colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orange_Free_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orange_Free_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Orange Free State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orange_Free_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_of_South_Africa_(1910–1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_of_South_Africa_(1910–1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Union of South Africa (1910–1948)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_of_South_Africa_(1910–1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartheid_(1948–1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheid_(1948–1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Apartheid (1948–1994)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheid_(1948–1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-apartheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-apartheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Post-apartheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-apartheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-apartheid_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-apartheid_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Post-apartheid politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-apartheid_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-apartheid_immigration_from_South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-apartheid_immigration_from_South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Post-apartheid immigration from South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-apartheid_immigration_from_South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Before_European_settlement,_and_Dutch_slavery_in_the_Cape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_European_settlement,_and_Dutch_slavery_in_the_Cape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Before European settlement, and Dutch slavery in the Cape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_European_settlement,_and_Dutch_slavery_in_the_Cape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_African_Indian_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_African_Indian_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>South African Indian English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_African_Indian_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_status_of_Indian_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_status_of_Indian_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Current status of Indian languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_status_of_Indian_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Media and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Indian_South_Africans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Indian_South_Africans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable Indian South Africans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Indian_South_Africans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian South Africans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiese_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Indiese Suid-Afrikaners – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indiese Suid-Afrikaners" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هنود جنوب إفريقيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنود جنوب إفريقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ভারতীয় দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকান সম্প্রদায় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকান সম্প্রদায়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indov%C3%A9_v_Jihoafrick%C3%A9_republice" title="Indové v Jihoafrické republice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indové v Jihoafrické republice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inder_in_S%C3%BCdafrika" title="Inder in Südafrika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Inder in Südafrika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_du_Natal" title="Indiens du Natal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indiens du Natal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EA%B3%84_%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="인도계 남아프리카 공화국인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도계 남아프리카 공화국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Afrika_Selatan" title="India Afrika Selatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="India Afrika Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="هنود جنوب افريقيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنود جنوب افريقيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%B3%BB%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="インド系南アフリカ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド系南アフリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%AE%D0%90%D0%A0" title="Индийцы в ЮАР – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индийцы в ЮАР" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaIndia" title="MaIndia – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="MaIndia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makula" title="Makula – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Makula" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="بھارتی جنوبی افریقی قوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتی جنوبی افریقی قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%A3%94%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="印度裔南非人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度裔南非人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4120990#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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For other usages of the term, see <a href="/wiki/Asian_(South_Africa)" title="Asian (South Africa)">Asian (South Africa)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Indian_South_Africans" title="Special:EditPage/Indian South Africans">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Indian+South+Africans%22">"Indian South Africans"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Indian+South+Africans%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Indian+South+Africans%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Indian+South+Africans%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Indian+South+Africans%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Indian+South+Africans%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Indian South Africans</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg/220px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg/330px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg/440px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Proportion of Indian South Africans in each municipality according to the census</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>1,697,506</b> (<a href="/wiki/2022_South_African_census" title="2022 South African census">2022 census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.74% of South Africa's population</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> • <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African English</a></b> (home language) <p><b>Second languages</b> </p> <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Isizulu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri (Naitali)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> • Other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Indian subcontinent">languages of the Indian subcontinent</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_South_Africa" title="Hinduism in South Africa">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Africa" title="Islam in South Africa">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_South_Africa" title="Christianity in South Africa">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Africa" title="Sikhism in South Africa">Sikhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Africa#Jainism_in_South_Africa" title="Jainism in Africa">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa" title="Buddhism in South Africa">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, others<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora_in_Southeast_Africa" title="Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa">Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Mauritians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Mauritians">Indo-Mauritians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Fijians" title="Indo-Fijians">Indo-Fijians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_people" title="Indo-Caribbean people">Indo-Caribbean people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Singaporeans" title="Indian Singaporeans">Indian Singaporeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Malaysian Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_density_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_density_map.svg/260px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_density_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_density_map.svg/390px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_density_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_density_map.svg/520px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_density_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Density of the Indian/Asian population. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black;"> </span> <1 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffeda0; color:black;"> </span> 1–3 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fed976; color:black;"> </span> 3–10 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#feb24c; color:black;"> </span> 10–30 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fd8d3c; color:black;"> </span> 30–100 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fc4e2a; color:black;"> </span> 100–300 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e31a1c; color:white;"> </span> 300–1000 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bc0026; color:white;"> </span> 1000–3000 /km²</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#800026; color:white;"> </span> >3000 /km²</div> </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg/260px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg/390px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg/520px-South_Africa_2011_Indian_or_Asian_population_proportion_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Indian/Asians as a proportion of the total population. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EDF8E9; color:black;"> </span> 0–20%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BAE4B3; color:black;"> </span> 20–40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#74C476; color:black;"> </span> 40–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#006D2C; color:white;"> </span> 70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#31A354; color:black;"> </span> 80–100%</div> </div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Indian South Africans</b> are <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africans</a> who descend from indentured labourers and free migrants who arrived from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The majority live in and around the city of <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, making it one of the largest ethnically Indian-populated cities outside of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a consequence of the policies of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, <i>Indian</i> (synonymous with <i>Asian)</i><sup id="cite_ref-midyear2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-midyear2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leej2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leej2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannicaApartheid_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaApartheid-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">race group</a> in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Pillay2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pillay2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Posel2001_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Posel2001-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racial_identity">Racial identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Racial identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the colonial era, Indians were accorded the same subordinate status in South African society as Blacks were by the <a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">white minority</a>, which held the vast majority of political power.<sup id="cite_ref-ForeignAffairsDuBois_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForeignAffairsDuBois-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheNewNegroDuBois_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheNewNegroDuBois-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> from 1948 to 1994, Indian South Africans were legally classified as being a separate racial group. </p><p>Some Indian South Africans believed that these terms were improvements on the negatively defined identity of "Non-White", which was their previous status. Politically conscious and nationalistic Indian South Africans wanted to show both their heritage and their local roots in South Africa. Increasingly they self-identified as "African", "South African" and, when necessary, "Indian South Africans".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During the most intense period of segregation and apartheid, "Indian", "Coloured" and "<a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Malay</a>" group identities controlled numerous aspects of daily life, including where a classified person was <a href="/wiki/Group_Areas_Act" title="Group Areas Act">permitted to live</a> and study.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Indian" racial identity was created by both internal political movements that sought to consolidate support amongst the different Indian ethnicities in the face of discrimination; and the Apartheid government which strictly codified the physical and cultural boundaries between "race groups", and encouraged these group identities.<sup id="cite_ref-Pillay2019_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pillay2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of these Apartheid rules, South Africans continue to identify themselves, and informally classify each other as, "<a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa#Black_South_Africans" title="Ethnic groups in South Africa">blacks</a>", "<a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">whites</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a>" and "Indians". Despite living in South Africa for more than 150 years, and being an officially recognized part of the population since 1961, Indians are still sometimes viewed as a foreign presence in the country, and find themselves having to justify their belonging to South Africa as a homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-Pillay2019_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pillay2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indentured_labourers_and_Passenger_Indians">Indentured labourers and Passenger Indians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indentured labourers and Passenger Indians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indian_indenture_system" title="Indian indenture system">Indian indenture system</a></div> <p>The modern South African Indian community is largely descended from Indians who arrived in South Africa from 1860 onwards. The first 342 of these came on board the <i><a href="/wiki/Truro_(ship)" title="Truro (ship)">Truro</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kznOrgHistoryIndian_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kznOrgHistoryIndian-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by the <i>Belvedere</i> from <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kznOrgHistoryIndian_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kznOrgHistoryIndian-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were transported as <a href="/wiki/Indentured" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured">indentured</a> labourers to work on the <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> plantations of <a href="/wiki/Natal_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal Colony">Natal Colony</a>, and, in total, approximately 200,000 Indians arrived as indentured labourers over a period of 5 decades,<sup id="cite_ref-kznOrgHistoryIndian_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kznOrgHistoryIndian-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kznOrgIndianHistory2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kznOrgIndianHistory2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later also as indentured coal miners and railway workers.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry24ReturningIndenturedIndians_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry24ReturningIndenturedIndians-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-udwPadayacheeMarketThesis_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udwPadayacheeMarketThesis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The indentured labourers tended to speak <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugu Language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a> dialect of <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kznTamilFedSouthAfricanIndian_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kznTamilFedSouthAfricanIndian-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the majority were Hindu with Muslim and Christian minorities. Indians were imported as it was found by colonial authorities that local black Africans were economically self-sufficient, and thus unwilling to subject themselves to employment by colonial farmers, while other colonial authorities believed that the "hunting and warrior" African culture of the time was incompatible with a sudden shift to employed labour. The <a href="/wiki/The_Mercury_(South_Africa)" title="The Mercury (South Africa)">Mercury</a> newspaper favoured the importation of labour, although other Natal newspapers were against the idea. In general, the importation of labour was not viewed as politically important by colonists when it was proposed, and the importation of Indian labour was driven by <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> by a relatively small group of sugar planters, and the long-term consequences of Indian immigration (the establishment of a permanent Indian population in Natal) were not taken into account<sup id="cite_ref-natalia_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natalia-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (by 1904, Indians outnumbered whites in Natal).<sup id="cite_ref-nataliaGandhi1893_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nataliaGandhi1893-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although 1860 is dated as the beginning of Indian settlement in Natal, a farmer called ER Rathbone was the first to introduce Indian labour to the colony in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndenturedLabourandIndia_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndenturedLabourandIndia-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indentured labourers on sugar plantations were frequently mistreated and lived in unsanitary conditions. A large percentage of indentured labourers returned to India following the expiry of their terms, and some of those who returned alerted authorities in India to abuses taking place in Natal, which led to new safeguards being put in place before further recruiting of indentured labourers was allowed to take place.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry24ReturningIndenturedIndians_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry24ReturningIndenturedIndians-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former indentured labourers who didn't return to India quickly established themselves as an important general labour force in Natal particularly as industrial and railway workers, with others engaging in <a href="/wiki/Market_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Market gardening">market gardening</a>, growing most of the vegetables consumed by the white population.<sup id="cite_ref-pahadThesis1b_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahadThesis1b-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indians also became <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">fishermen</a>, and worked as clerks; in the postal service; and as court interpreters.<sup id="cite_ref-udwPadayacheeMarketThesis_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udwPadayacheeMarketThesis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remaining Indian immigration was from <i>passenger Indians</i>, comprising traders and others who migrated to South Africa shortly after the indentured labourers,<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> paid for their own fares and travelled as <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subjects</a>. These immigrant Indians who became traders were from varying religious backgrounds, namely Hindu and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> but largely from <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Memons_in_South_Africa" title="Memons in South Africa">Memons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surti_Muslims#Surti_Muslims_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Surti Muslims">Surtis</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-nataliaIndiaFamilyBusiness_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nataliaIndiaFamilyBusiness-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later joined by <a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkanis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> speakers from <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pahadThesis1b_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahadThesis1b-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Muslims played an important part in the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Africa" title="Islam in South Africa">Islam</a> in the areas where they settled. Indian traders were sometimes referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> traders" because of their dress, and because large numbers of them were Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-nataliaIndiaFamilyBusiness_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nataliaIndiaFamilyBusiness-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Passenger Indians, who initially operated in Durban, expanded inland, to the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (Transvaal), establishing communities in settlements on the main road between <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> and Durban. Natal's Indian traders rapidly displaced small white shop owners in trade with other Indians, and with black Africans, causing resentment among white businesses. </p><p>Researchers have made efforts to collect and make available shipping lists of Indian immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry24BrainLists_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry24BrainLists-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_discrimination_(1860–1910)"><span id="Early_discrimination_.281860.E2.80.931910.29"></span>Early discrimination (1860–1910)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early discrimination (1860–1910)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in South Africa">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in South Africa</a></div> <p>Indians faced discrimination to varying degrees in all parts of South Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natal">Natal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Natal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indians faced repressive legislation in Natal. They were forced to carry passes in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893, <a href="/wiki/M._K._Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="M. K. Gandhi">M. K. Gandhi</a> arrived in South Africa to represent an Indian businessman in a legal dispute. Following his arrival in South Africa, Gandhi experienced racial discrimination, and, following the proposal of legislation to restrict Indian voting rights in Natal, he helped organise resistance, leading to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Natal_Indian_Congress" title="Natal Indian Congress">Natal Indian Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kznOrgIndianHistory2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kznOrgIndianHistory2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This organised resistance led to the unification of disparate groups of South African Indians for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-pahadthesis1c_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahadthesis1c-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the bill was defeated, it was successfully reintroduced in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transvaal">Transvaal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transvaal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> government first instituted discriminatory legislation against Indians in 1885,<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which led to protests from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a>, as the Indians were British subjects, and was used as one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pahadThesis1b_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahadThesis1b-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indians were banned from working in the mining industry, and areas were set aside for <i>coolie locations</i> in various towns in the Transvaal. Persons of colour could also not walk on sidewalks in the Transvaal.<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the end of the Second Boer War, the new colonial administration of the <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal Colony</a> continued to maintain the same discriminatory practices against Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-sahistory1900sTl_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sahistory1900sTl-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cape_Colony">Cape Colony</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cape Colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passenger Indians who moved to the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a>, although facing petty discrimination, were generally well treated, could own property, could vote, and could trade freely. Many Muslim men in this group married <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Malay">Cape Malay</a> women, and their children were later often classified as Cape Malay as part of the wider group classified as <a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pahadThesis1b_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pahadThesis1b-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orange_Free_State">Orange Free State</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Orange Free State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indians were prohibited by an 1891<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianTimeline_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianTimeline-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> statute from living in the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>, then an independent <a href="/wiki/Boer_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republic">Boer Republic</a>, and this led to the almost total absence of Indians from the area, a situation that persisted into the apartheid era. <sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryAntiIndianLegislation_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryAntiIndianLegislation-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_of_South_Africa_(1910–1948)"><span id="Union_of_South_Africa_.281910.E2.80.931948.29"></span>Union of South Africa (1910–1948)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Union of South Africa (1910–1948)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efforts to encourage Indians to repatriate to India included financial incentives, as well as discriminatory treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-ColoursDontMixUNatal_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColoursDontMixUNatal-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1926, and January 1927, the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South African government</a> and Indian authorities had a Round Table conference where it was agreed that the Indian government would create a scheme for the repatriation of Indians, with the South African government agreeing to "uplift" the Indians who remained, monitored by an Indian government Agent. However, fewer Indians than expected were repatriated, and racial tensions continued to simmer between Indians and whites, into the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-ColoursDontMixUNatal_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColoursDontMixUNatal-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartheid_(1948–1994)"><span id="Apartheid_.281948.E2.80.931994.29"></span>Apartheid (1948–1994)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Apartheid (1948–1994)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_racial_map,_1979.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/South_Africa_racial_map%2C_1979.gif/220px-South_Africa_racial_map%2C_1979.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/South_Africa_racial_map%2C_1979.gif/330px-South_Africa_racial_map%2C_1979.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/South_Africa_racial_map%2C_1979.gif/440px-South_Africa_racial_map%2C_1979.gif 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>South Africa racial map, 1979. The orange colour shows where people of Indian origin were more prevalent. In other areas, such as those marked “Coloreds”, they were either a minority or not allowed to enter under apartheid laws.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Durban_riots" title="Durban riots">Durban riots</a> was an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment#South_Africa" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">anti-Indian</a> riot predominantly by <a href="/wiki/Zulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulus">Zulus</a> targeting Indians in Durban, South Africa in January 1949. The riots resulted in the massacre of mostly poor Indians. In total 142 people died in the riots and another 1,087 people were injured. It also led to the destruction of 58 shops, 247 dwellings and one factory.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discriminated against by <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> legislation, such as the <a href="/wiki/Group_Areas_Act" title="Group Areas Act">Group Areas Act</a>, applied in 1950, Indians were forcibly moved into Indian <a href="/wiki/Township_(South_Africa)" title="Township (South Africa)">townships</a>, and had their movements restricted. They were not allowed to reside in the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Free State Province">Orange Free State Province</a>, and needed special permission to enter or transit through that province. They were also, as a matter of state policy, given an inferior education compared to <a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">white South Africans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Asiatic Land Tenure and the Indian Representative Act of 1946 were repealed. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Population_Registration_Act,_1950" title="Population Registration Act, 1950">Population Registration Act, 1950</a> initially defined Indians as being part of the <a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloured</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, Indians were officially recognised as permanent part of the South African population,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Department of Indian Affairs was established, with a white minister in charge. In 1968, the South African Indian Council came into being, serving as a link between the government and the Indian people. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Durban-Westville" title="University of Durban-Westville">University of Durban-Westville</a> (now part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a>) was built with a Rand-for-Rand contribution from Indian South Africans and the government in the 1970s. Before that, Indian students had to take a ferry to Salisbury Island's abandoned prison, which served as their university.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Casual racist expressions were used during the years of apartheid. Indians in South Africa were (and sometimes still are) referred to by the racial epithet '<a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">coolie</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Indian_Council" title="South African Indian Council">South African Indian Council</a> (not to be confused with the anti-apartheid <a href="/wiki/South_African_Indian_Congress" title="South African Indian Congress">South African Indian Congress</a> which had the same initials) was created by the government, and in 1974, the council was reconstituted to allow for 50% of its members to be elected by Indians. The Council did not enjoy much support, for example, in 1981, only 6% of eligible voters participated in elections for the council.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Constitution_of_1983" title="South African Constitution of 1983">Constitution</a> was reformed to allow the <a href="/wiki/Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured">Coloured</a> and Indian minorities a limited participation in separate and subordinate Houses of a <a href="/wiki/Tricameral_Parliament" title="Tricameral Parliament">Tricameral Parliament</a>, a development which saw limited support and very low voter turnouts.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian house was called the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Delegates_(South_Africa)" title="House of Delegates (South Africa)">House of Delegates</a>. Some aspects of Indian life were regulated by this house, including education. The theory was that the Indian minority could be allowed limited rights, but the Black majority were to become citizens of independent <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">homelands</a>. These separate arrangements were removed by the negotiations which took place from 1990 on to provide all South Africans with the vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-apartheid">Post-apartheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Post-apartheid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_population_by_provinces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Indian_population_by_provinces.jpg/220px-Indian_population_by_provinces.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Indian_population_by_provinces.jpg/330px-Indian_population_by_provinces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Indian_population_by_provinces.jpg/440px-Indian_population_by_provinces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Post-apartheid population distribution of Indian-origin people in provinces of South Africa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-apartheid_politics">Post-apartheid politics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Post-apartheid politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Indians played an important role in the anti-apartheid struggle and some occupied positions of power in post-apartheid South Africa. In <a href="/wiki/Post-apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-apartheid South Africa">post-apartheid South Africa</a>, Indians have maintained prominent positions in the ruling <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amichand_Rajbansi" title="Amichand Rajbansi">Amichand Rajbansi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Minority_Front" title="Minority Front">Minority Front</a> (formerly the <i>National People's Party</i>) retained some support in its strongholds. However, after Rajbansi's death in 2011, the party failed to win any seats in the national assembly following the 2014 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indians who were citizens before 1994, and thus discriminated against by the apartheid system, are considered <i>black</i> for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Employment_Equity" class="mw-redirect" title="Employment Equity">Employment Equity</a>; that is, they are classified as having been disadvantaged under apartheid. They are thus eligible for "affirmative action" and <a href="/wiki/Black_Economic_Empowerment" title="Black Economic Empowerment">Black Economic Empowerment</a> allocations.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-apartheid_immigration_from_South_Asia">Post-apartheid immigration from South Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Post-apartheid immigration from South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_South_Africans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani South Africans">Pakistani South Africans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gupta_family" title="Gupta family">Gupta family</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Johannesburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Johannesburg.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Johannesburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Johannesburg.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Johannesburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Johannesburg.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Johannesburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> meets members of Indian community in Johannesburg, 8 July 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the end of apartheid, a new wave of South Asian immigration commenced from India, Bangladesh, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_South_Africans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani South Africans">Pakistan</a> and Sri Lanka, paralleling the movement of Africans from the diaspora and neighbouring African countries to the <a href="/wiki/Post-apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-apartheid South Africa">post-apartheid South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These recent migrants are usually not regarded as being part of the Indian community, although they often live in traditionally Indian areas. </p><p>Among these post-apartheid immigrants, the controversial <a href="/wiki/Gupta_family" title="Gupta family">Gupta family</a> from India, managed to acquire vast political and economic influence in a short time, under the reign of former President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_European_settlement,_and_Dutch_slavery_in_the_Cape"><span id="Before_European_settlement.2C_and_Dutch_slavery_in_the_Cape"></span>Before European settlement, and Dutch slavery in the Cape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Before European settlement, and Dutch slavery in the Cape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cape_Colony_Pre-1806" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cape Colony Pre-1806">History of Cape Colony Pre-1806</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Cape Malays</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloureds" title="Cape Coloureds">Cape Coloureds</a></div> <p>Traders from India may have been active on the eastern coast of South Africa for centuries, including before the Dutch settlement of the Cape Colony in 1652.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant proportion of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Africa#Dutch_rule" title="Slavery in South Africa">slaves imported into the Cape</a> were from parts of India (which included present-day Bangladesh), Indonesia and Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSlavesANC_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSlavesANC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While South African scholars mistakenly assumed these slaves were bought in "slave markets", many of the slaves were victims of kidnapping.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSlavesANC_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSlavesANC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many slaves had no identity as Indians and were subsumed into the "<a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloured" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Coloured">Cape Coloured</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Malay">Cape Malay</a> communities.<sup id="cite_ref-saHistoryIndianSouthAfricans_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saHistoryIndianSouthAfricans-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> also may have some Indian slave ancestry,<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSlavesANC_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSlavesANC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an example of this being former <a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a> <a href="/wiki/F.W._de_Klerk" class="mw-redirect" title="F.W. de Klerk">F.W. de Klerk</a>, who revealed in his autobiography that one of his ancestors was a female slave called <i>Diana of Bengal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no reference to the real names of these Indians and were given "Christian" names for convenience. This all contributed to the loss of identity similar to the Mozambicans and other slaves who were brought to the Cape.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Indian slaves who were Muslim became part of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Malay">Cape Malay</a> community after they were freed, initially adopting the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a>, and then Afrikaans.<sup id="cite_ref-StellLuffin2008_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StellLuffin2008-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early Indian to settle in South Africa was Kalaga Prabhu, a <a href="/wiki/Goud_Saraswat_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Goud Saraswat Brahmin">Goud Saraswat Brahmin</a> merchant from <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a>. He was the foremost among the <a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkani</a> merchants in Cochin (modern day Kochi in Kerala). As punishment for conspiring with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysorean</a> Muslim king <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> to overthrow the king of Cochin, Kalaga Prabhu and his son Chorda Prabhu were arrested by the Dutch and exiled with their families for life to the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> in 1771. No further record of this individual and his descendants if any exists.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="this is an important claim which needs more justification than a single website (July 2013)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion among Indian South Africans (2022 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:37.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">37.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:33.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">33.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:25.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">25.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Almost all South African Indians are either <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also small groups of <a href="/wiki/Parsi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi people">Parsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Africa" title="Sikhism in South Africa">Sikhs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also estimated that there are around 13,000 Sikhs in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Africa" title="Islam in South Africa">South African Muslims</a> are Indian or belong to the multi-ethnic community in the Western Cape.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proportion of Indian South Africans following <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> have decreased from 50% in 1996 to 47.27% in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decreased to 41.3% in 2016, and further decreased to 37.9% in 2022. This is mainly due to the conversion of Hindus to Christianity by missionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like Coloureds, until the end of Apartheid, Indian children largely attended segregated Indian government schools, which were administered nationally, and wrote separate matriculation examinations. These arrangements ended by 1997. </p><p>Until 1991, state government schools taught in English, choosing one of five Indian languages, namely Hindi, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu to be taken as non-examination subjects. But, the languages were dropped from state-run schools. The national council for eastern languages has requested the government teach these five languages. The provincial government agreed to allow these languages to be taught in KwaZulu-Natal. These languages can be chosen as a third language up to the final year of school.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_African_Indian_English">South African Indian English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: South African Indian English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English is the first language of most Indian South Africans. From the 1950s on, English came to be taught to Indian children in schools, leading to <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shift</a> taking place, with English becoming the first language of the majority.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because these children were separated by apartheid from white English-speakers, their English developed in very different ways from <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent decades, the dialect has come much closer to the standard language through the model taught in schools. The result is a variety of English which mixes features of <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Standard British</a>, and other influences.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_status_of_Indian_languages">Current status of Indian languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Current status of Indian languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A diminishing minority of Indian South Africans, notably those in older generations, are fluent in their ancestral Indian languages such as <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> and others as a first language or second language. In some small towns in the former Transvaal, <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> is used as a first language by older Indians. Almost all younger people have English as their first language. The compulsory second language taught at school, such as Afrikaans or <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, is either spoken or understood. </p><p>As a result of promotion by cultural organisations<sup id="cite_ref-kznTamilFedSouthAfricanIndian_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kznTamilFedSouthAfricanIndian-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the influence of Indian cinemas, many younger Indians can understand (but not usually speak) Indian languages to a limited degree. </p><p>Recent immigrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh have maintained fluency in their mother tongues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quarter_Mutton_Bunny_Chow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Quarter_Mutton_Bunny_Chow.jpg/220px-Quarter_Mutton_Bunny_Chow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Quarter_Mutton_Bunny_Chow.jpg/330px-Quarter_Mutton_Bunny_Chow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Quarter_Mutton_Bunny_Chow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>An example of <a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">bunny chow</a> served in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, originated in the Indian South African community.<sup id="cite_ref-FromCurries_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FromCurries-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">Curried</a> dishes are popular in South Africa among people of all ethnic origins; many dishes came to the country with the thousands of <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in South Africa">Indian</a> labourers brought to South Africa in the nineteenth century. South African Indian cuisine adapted to local ingredients, and dishes include a variety of curries, rotis, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Indian sweets and desserts">sweetmeats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutneys</a>, fried snacks such as <a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">samosa</a> (called <i>samoosa</i> in South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and other savoury foods. <a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">Bunny chow</a>, an Indian dish from Durban consisting of a hollowed-out loaf of bread filled with curry, was invented by necessity, as Indians were not allowed to eat at their own restaurants. The dish forms part of mainstream South African cuisine and has become quite popular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_and_entertainment">Media and entertainment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media and entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even though Indian languages are seldom spoken or understood by younger Indians, English-<a href="/wiki/Subtitle_(captioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle (captioning)">subtitled</a> Indian films and television programmes remain popular among South African Indians. These are broadcast both by the <a href="/wiki/DStv" title="DStv">DStv</a> satellite television service, which carries <a href="/wiki/Zee_TV" title="Zee TV">Zee TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/B4U_(network)" title="B4U (network)">B4U</a>, <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>, and a Hindi-language <a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Entertainment Television Asia">Sony</a> channel. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>–language channels, <a href="/wiki/Sun_TV_(India)" title="Sun TV (India)">Sun TV</a> and KTV, were introduced in 2004. </p><p>DVD, and previously, <a href="/wiki/Video_cassette_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Video cassette recorder">video</a> versions of Bollywood films are widely available. Large cinema chains like <a href="/wiki/Ster-Kinekor" title="Ster-Kinekor">Ster-Kinekor</a> began showing Bollywood films by the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian culture in South Africa has some similarities to the worldwide <i><a href="/wiki/Desi" title="Desi">Desi</a></i> subculture, however, South African Indians developed a distinctive musical and literary culture of their own, which was to some extent eclipsed by the global Bollywood/Desi culture in the 1990s and 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an increasing amount of interest in Turkish popular culture, by Muslims in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The slang term <i>charou</i> (various spellings) is often used by Indians, particularly in the Durban area, to refer to themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Card_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Card games">Card games</a>, in particular, the <a href="/wiki/Trick-taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trick-taking">trick-taking</a> card game <a href="/wiki/Thunee" title="Thunee">Thunee</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Twenty-eight_(card_game)" title="Twenty-eight (card game)">Twenty-eight</a>) are popular among South African Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radio Hindvani is a community radio station based in Durban and is aimed at the promotion of Hindi culture and language amongst South Africans. The station's frequency reaches Durban and all surrounding areas.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation">South African Broadcasting Corporation</a> (SABC) also has an Indian-oriented radio service called <a href="/wiki/Lotus_FM" title="Lotus FM">Lotus FM</a>, launched during the apartheid era, and began some showing Indian-focused programming in the 90's including locally produced <a href="/wiki/Magazine_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Magazine shows">magazine shows</a>. Pay television channel <a href="/wiki/M-Net" title="M-Net">M-Net</a> also had additional programming aimed at Indians called <i>East Net</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bollywood movies have been broadcast by the SABC. The <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times_(South_Africa)" title="Sunday Times (South Africa)">Sunday Times</a></i> has a supplement distributed in Indian areas called the <i>Extra</i>, and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunday_Tribune_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunday Tribune (South Africa) (page does not exist)">Sunday Tribune</a></i> publishes a similar supplement, called the <i>Herald</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Bollywood section, 'Bollyworld' is published by the Daily News on Mondays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the major charity and cultural events in South Africa, organised every year by the local Indian community is the Gandhi Walk, which is the oldest event in South Africa commemorating Mahatma Gandhi. Held annually in <a href="/wiki/Lenasia" title="Lenasia">Lenasia</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, it has been held 34 times.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deccanherald.com_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deccanherald.com-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Durban Festival of Chariots is organised annually at the beachfront by the <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a>. The festival is attended by tens of thousands of people.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Lenasia" title="Lenasia">Lenasia</a> a gala fund-raising banquet of the Saaberie Chishty Ambulance Service is held annually.<sup id="cite_ref-deccanherald.com_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deccanherald.com-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table shows the distribution of Asian and Indian people by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">province</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/2022_South_African_census" title="2022 South African census">South African National Census of 2022</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Province </th> <th>Indian/Asian pop. (2001) </th> <th>Indian/Asian pop. (2011) </th> <th>Indian/Asian pop. (2022) </th> <th>% province (2001) </th> <th>% province (2011) </th> <th>% province (2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> </td> <td align="right">18,483 </td> <td align="right">27,929 </td> <td align="right">37,568 </td> <td align="right">0.29 </td> <td align="right">0.42 </td> <td align="right">0.52 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_State_(South_African_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free State (South African province)">Free State</a> </td> <td align="right">3,719 </td> <td align="right">10,398 </td> <td align="right">12,978 </td> <td align="right">0.13 </td> <td align="right">0.38 </td> <td align="right">0.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> </td> <td align="right">218,124 </td> <td align="right">356,574 </td> <td align="right">329,736 </td> <td align="right">2.32 </td> <td align="right">2.90 </td> <td align="right">2.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> </td> <td align="right">798,163 </td> <td align="right">756,991 </td> <td align="right">1,157,542 </td> <td align="right">8.38 </td> <td align="right">7.37 </td> <td align="right">9.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limpopo" title="Limpopo">Limpopo</a> </td> <td align="right">8,867 </td> <td align="right">17,881 </td> <td align="right">35,958 </td> <td align="right">0.18 </td> <td align="right">0.33 </td> <td align="right">0.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mpumalanga" title="Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a> </td> <td align="right">10,964 </td> <td align="right">27,917 </td> <td align="right">25,882 </td> <td align="right">0.33 </td> <td align="right">0.69 </td> <td align="right">0.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)" title="North West (South African province)">North West</a> </td> <td align="right">9,738 </td> <td align="right">20,652 </td> <td align="right">2,654 </td> <td align="right">0.33 </td> <td align="right">0.59 </td> <td align="right">0.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cape" title="Northern Cape">Northern Cape</a> </td> <td align="right">2,379 </td> <td align="right">7,827 </td> <td align="right">10,824 </td> <td align="right">0.24 </td> <td align="right">0.68 </td> <td align="right">0.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a> </td> <td align="right">45,030 </td> <td align="right">60,761 </td> <td align="right">84,363 </td> <td align="right">1.00 </td> <td align="right">1.04 </td> <td align="right">1.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td align="right">1,115,467 </td> <td align="right">1,286,930 </td> <td align="right">1,697,506 </td> <td align="right">2.49 </td> <td align="right">2.49 </td> <td align="right">2.74 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Indian_South_Africans">Notable Indian South Africans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable Indian South Africans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_Amla" title="Hashim Amla">Hashim Amla</a>, cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kader_Asmal" title="Kader Asmal">Kader Asmal</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley-Ann_Brandt" title="Lesley-Ann Brandt">Lesley-Ann Brandt</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amina_Cachalia" title="Amina Cachalia">Amina Cachalia</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Cassim" title="Yusuf Cassim">Yusuf Cassim</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Dadoo" title="Yusuf Dadoo">Yusuf Dadoo</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Davies" title="Gopala Davies">Gopala Davies</a>, actor, director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Manilal_Gandhi" title="Arun Manilal Gandhi">Arun Manilal Gandhi</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Gandhi" title="Ela Gandhi">Ela Gandhi</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frene_Ginwala" title="Frene Ginwala">Frene Ginwala</a>, journalist and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesaveloo_Goonam" title="Kesaveloo Goonam">Kesaveloo Goonam</a>, doctor, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerishnie_Naicker" title="Kerishnie Naicker">Kerishnie Naicker</a>, Miss South Africa 1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravin_Gordhan" title="Pravin Gordhan">Pravin Gordhan</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hyman" title="Christopher Hyman">Christopher Hyman</a>, businessman and racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hyman" title="Raoul Hyman">Raoul Hyman</a>, racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soromini_Kallichurum" title="Soromini Kallichurum">Soromini Kallichurum</a>, dean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhir_Kalyan" title="Adhir Kalyan">Adhir Kalyan</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Kalyan" title="Sandy Kalyan">Sandy Kalyan</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kathrada" title="Ahmed Kathrada">Ahmed Kathrada</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Khan" title="Alan Khan">Alan Khan</a>, broadcaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Maharaj" title="Keshav Maharaj">Keshav Maharaj</a>, cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Maharaj" title="Mac Maharaj">Mac Maharaj</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Manjoo" title="Rashida Manjoo">Rashida Manjoo</a>, former <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_Violence_Against_Women" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women">United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaad_Moosa" title="Riaad Moosa">Riaad Moosa</a>, comedian, doctor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senuran_Muthusamy" title="Senuran Muthusamy">Senuran Muthusamy</a>, cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Naidoo" title="Anand Naidoo">Anand Naidoo</a>, journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jailoshini_Naidoo" title="Jailoshini Naidoo">Jailoshini Naidoo</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarina_Patel" title="Tarina Patel">Tarina Patel</a>, actress, producer, model and philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Naidoo" title="Jay Naidoo">Jay Naidoo</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumi_Naidoo" title="Kumi Naidoo">Kumi Naidoo</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Nair" title="Billy Nair">Billy Nair</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishqah_Parthiephal" title="Mishqah Parthiephal">Mishqah Parthiephal</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Patel" title="Ebrahim Patel">Ebrahim Patel</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navi_Pillay" title="Navi Pillay">Navi Pillay</a>, jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Pillay" title="Ravi Pillay">Ravi Pillay</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagaren_Pillay" title="Sagaren Pillay">Sagaren Pillay</a>, rear-admiral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Ram" title="Deepak Ram">Deepak Ram</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayapraga_Reddy" title="Jayapraga Reddy">Jayapraga Reddy</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeanda_Reddy" title="Leeanda Reddy">Leeanda Reddy</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Singh" title="Luther Singh">Luther Singh</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketchy_Bongo" title="Sketchy Bongo">Sketchy Bongo</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enver_Surty" title="Enver Surty">Enver Surty</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyla_(South_African_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyla (South African singer)">Tyla</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Venkatrathnam" title="Sonny Venkatrathnam">Sonny Venkatrathnam</a>, activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Maart" title="Yusuf Maart">Yusuf Maart</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_Bhikha" title="Zain Bhikha">Zain Bhikha</a>, singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryoni_Govender" title="Bryoni Govender">Bryoni Govender</a> beauty queen, Miss universe South Africa 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Naidoo" title="Anand Naidoo">Anand Naidoo</a>, television anchor and correspondent for CGTN America based in Washington, DC</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divesh_Kanthylal_Makan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divesh Kanthylal Makan (page does not exist)">Divesh Kanthylal Makan</a>, millionaire, entrepreneur and businessman</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theo_Iyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theo Iyer (page does not exist)">Theo Iyer</a>, actor.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Africa" title="Sikhism in South Africa">Sikhism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gqunukhwebe" title="Gqunukhwebe">Gqunukhwebe</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gaika_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaika people">Gaika</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Xesibe" class="mw-redirect" title="Xesibe">Xesibe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fingo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingo people">Fingo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khumalo_clan" title="Khumalo clan">Khumalo</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana_peoples" title="Sotho-Tswana peoples">Sotho-Tswana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Basotho/S. Sotho</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koena_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Koena tribe">Bakoena</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taung_tribe" title="Taung tribe">Bataung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tlokwa_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlokwa tribe">Batlokwa</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedi_people" title="Pedi people">Pedi/N. Sotho</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lobedu_people" title="Lobedu people">Balobedu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mabelane_tribe" title="Mabelane tribe">Mabelane</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Balete_people" title="Balete people">Balete</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hlengwe</li> <li>Xika</li> <li>N'walungu</li> <li>Gwamba</li> <li>Tswha</li> <li>Rhonga</li> <li>Hlanganu</li> <li>Nhlave</li> <li>Bila</li> <li>Dzonga</li> <li>Copi</li> <li>Ndzawu</li> <li>Thonga</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venda_people" title="Venda people">Venda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ngona</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe" title="Khoekhoe">Khoekhoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nama_people" title="Nama people">Nama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandloper_peoples" title="Strandloper peoples">Strandloper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C7%83Kung_people" title="ǃKung people">ǃKung</a></li> <li>ǀXam</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">Whites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora_in_Africa#South_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Dutch" title="Cape Dutch">Cape Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Huguenots_in_South_Africa" title="Huguenots in South Africa">Huguenots</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Angolans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_South_Africa" title="Germans in South Africa">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_South_Africa" title="Greeks in South Africa">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora#South_Africa" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_South_Africans" title="Italian South Africans">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa">Jews</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner-Jews" title="Afrikaner-Jews">Afrikaner-Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_South_Africa" title="Lebanese people in South Africa">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Mozambicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_South_Africans" title="Norwegian South Africans">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poles in South Africa">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_South_African" title="Portuguese South African">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_South_Africa" title="Serbs in South Africa">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_South_Africa" title="Turks in South Africa">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Zimbabweans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloureds" title="Cape Coloureds">Cape Coloureds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Cape Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griquas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorlam_people" title="Oorlam people">Oorlams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamils</a></li> <li>Telegu/Andhras</li> <li>Hindi</li> <li>Urdu</li> <li>Gujaratis <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Memons_in_South_Africa" title="Memons in South Africa">Memons</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Surtis</span></li></ul></li> <li>Koknis</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabweans_in_South_Africa" title="Zimbabweans in South Africa">Zimbabweans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_South_Africans" title="Chinese South Africans">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_South_Africa" title="Somalis in South Africa">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_South_Africa" title="Nigerians in South Africa">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_South_Africa" title="Japanese people in South Africa">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_South_Africa" title="Koreans in South Africa">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Africa" title="Pakistanis in South Africa">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_diaspora" title="Template:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora_in_Southeast_Africa" title="Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Madagascar" title="Indians in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Mauritius</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_Mauritians" title="Bihari Mauritians">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Mauritians" title="Tamil Mauritians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Réunion</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Seychellois" title="Indo-Seychellois">Seychelles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Seychellois" title="Tamil Seychellois">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Tanzania" title="Indians in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Uganda" title="Indians in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zambia" title="Indians in Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Botswana" title="Indians in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Egypt" title="Indians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Indian" title="Ghanaian Indian">Ghana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zimbabwe" title="Indians in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_people" title="Indo-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Barbados" title="Indians in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Belizeans" title="Indo-Belizeans">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Indians in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Grenadians" title="Indo-Grenadians">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guadeloupeans" title="Indo-Guadeloupeans">Guadeloupe</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guyanese" title="Indo-Guyanese">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Haitians" title="Indo-Haitians">Haiti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marabou_(ethnicity)" title="Marabou (ethnicity)">Marabou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Jamaicans" title="Indo-Jamaicans">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Martiniquais" title="Indo-Martiniquais">Martinique</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saint_Lucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saint Lucian">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Vincentian" title="Indo-Vincentian">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians" title="Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Indians in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Argentina" title="Indians in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_immigration_to_Brazil" title="Indian immigration to Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Chile" title="Indians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_French_Guiana" title="Indians in French Guiana">French Guiana</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Mexicans" title="Indian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Panama" title="Indians in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Peru" title="Indians in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Uruguayans" title="Indian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Venezuela" title="Indians in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglo-America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Canadians" title="Sindhi Canadians">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_British_Columbia" title="South Asian Canadians in British Columbia">British Columbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="South Asian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Indian Americans by location">by location</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Punjabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bangladesh" title="Indians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Maldives" title="Indians in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Nepalis" title="Indian Nepalis">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Pakistan" title="Indians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Indians in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatha_people" title="Bharatha people">Bharatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Chetties" title="Sri Lankan Chetties">Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Telugus" title="Sri Lankan Telugus">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Brunei" title="Indians in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cambodia" title="Indians in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesians" title="Indian Indonesians">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klingalese" title="Klingalese">Klingalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_people" title="Mardijker people">Mardijker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Indonesians" title="Tamil Indonesians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Gujaratis" title="Malaysian Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Peranakan" title="Jawi Peranakan">Jawi Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayalees" title="Malaysian Malayalees">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Telugus" title="Malaysian Telugus">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sabah" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sarawak" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Indians" title="Burmese Indians">Myanmar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people_in_Myanmar" title="Mizo people in Myanmar">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Tamils" title="Myanmar Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Filipino" title="Indian Filipino">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Singaporeans" title="Indian Singaporeans">Singapore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Tamils" title="Singapore Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_Hong_Kong" title="South Asians in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Japan" title="Indians in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Korea" title="Indians in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Taiwan" title="Indians in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bahrain" title="Indians in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Iran" title="Indians in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Israel" title="Indians in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Indian Jews in Israel">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kuwait" title="Indians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Lebanon" title="Indians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Oman" title="Indians in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Qatar" title="Indians in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Resident_Indians_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Turkey" title="Indians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Indians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Poland" title="Indians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Russia" title="Indians in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Finland" title="Indians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sweden" title="Indians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cyprus" title="Indians in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Italy" title="Indians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Maltese" title="Indian Maltese">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Portugal" title="Indians in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Spain" title="Indians in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_France" title="Indians in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_France" title="Tamils in France">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Germany" title="Indians in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Germans" title="Tamil Germans">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Switzerland" title="Indians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tamils" title="Swiss Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_community_of_London" title="Indian community of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indo-Caribbean_people" title="British Indo-Caribbean people">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Gujaratis" title="British Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Punjabis" title="British Punjabis">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sindhis" title="British Sindhis">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tamil">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Australians" title="Indian Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_Australians" title="Malayali Australians">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Australians" title="Tamil Australians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Australians" title="Sindhi Australians">Sindhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Fijians" title="Indo-Fijians">Fiji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujaratis_in_Fiji" title="Gujaratis in Fiji">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indians_in_Fiji" title="South Indians in Fiji">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Caledonia<sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Zealanders" title="Indian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Indians" title="Māori Indians">Maori-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora#Diaspora_by_state_and_ethnolinguistic_regions_of_India" title="Indian diaspora">Ethnic diasporas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_diaspora" title="Bengali Hindu diaspora">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpuri_diaspora" title="Mirpuri diaspora">Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_diaspora" title="Mizo diaspora">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_diaspora" title="Odia diaspora">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikhs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_diaspora" title="South Indian diaspora">South Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_diaspora" title="Malayali diaspora">Malayalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Gulf_diaspora" title="Kerala Gulf diaspora">In the Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_diaspora" title="Telugu diaspora">Telugus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindians" title="Chindians">Chindians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desi" title="Desi">Desi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_India" title="Little India">Little India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Samman" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Samman">Non-Resident Indian Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Divas" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Divas">Non-Resident Indian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department</a> of France in the southwest Indian Ocean</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas departments</a> of France in the Americas</li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup>A <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France#Sui_generis_collectivity" title="Overseas France">sui generis collectivity</a> of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&oldid=1258682468">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_South_Africans&oldid=1258682468</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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