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Jahrhundert v. Chr. lebte und in <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a> lehrte. Er verfasste die älteste erhaltene <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit#Grammatik" title="Sanskrit">Grammatik des Sanskrits</a> und damit die älteste erhaltene Grammatik überhaupt. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Geschichte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Geschichte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Werkausgaben"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Werkausgaben</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Anmerkungen"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Anmerkungen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geschichte"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ob Panini um 450 v. Chr. oder um 350 v. Chr. tätig war, ist unter heutigen Forschern umstritten.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zu dieser Zeit verbreiteten sich in Indien die <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a> (Lehrbücher) als neue Form des Gedankenaustauschs. Panini fasste die Grammatik des klassischen Sanskrits in knapp viertausend Regeln zusammen, die unter dem Titel <i>Aṣhṭādhyāyī</i> (Sanskrit: अष्टाध्यायी, „acht Kapitel“) bekannt wurden. Er trennte die <a href="/wiki/Wortstamm" title="Wortstamm">Wortstämme</a> und <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">Suffixe</a> von <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">Verben</a> und <a href="/wiki/Nomen" title="Nomen">Nomen</a> und gelangte durch Verwendung metalinguistischer Symbole zu einer knappen, übersichtlichen Darstellung. Das Werk wurde in Indien eine maßgebende <a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A4t" title="Autorität">Autorität</a> und vielfach kommentiert. Im 19. Jahrhundert wurde es im Zuge der britischen <a href="/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus">Kolonialisierung</a> <a href="/wiki/Britisch-Indien" title="Britisch-Indien">Indiens</a> in den europäischen Ländern bekannt und regte analoge Grammatikstudien in anderen Sprachen an. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bloomfield" title="Leonard Bloomfield">Leonard Bloomfield</a> und andere <a href="/wiki/Strukturalismus" title="Strukturalismus">Strukturalisten</a> wurden von dem Werk beeinflusst. <a href="/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</a> kommentierte im Jahr 1907 wie folgt: </p> <div class="Vorlage_Zitat" style="margin:1em 40px;"> <div style="margin:1em 0;"><blockquote style="margin:0;"> <p>„Es ist ausgezeichnet durch eine überaus scharfsinnige Erforschung der <a href="/wiki/Wurzel_(Linguistik)" title="Wurzel (Linguistik)">Wurzeln</a> und der <a href="/wiki/Wortbildung" title="Wortbildung">Wortbildung</a> wie durch die schärfste Präzision des Ausdrucks und die Durchführung einer überkünstlichen, äußerste Kürze ermöglichenden Terminologie.“ </p> </blockquote> </div></div> <p>Für diese unnachahmliche <a href="/wiki/Formalisierung" title="Formalisierung">Formalisierung</a> interessiert sich die moderne <a href="/wiki/Linguistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistik">Linguistik</a>, und wegen der Ähnlichkeiten mit der <a href="/wiki/Backus-Naur-Form" title="Backus-Naur-Form">Backus-Naur-Form</a> ist Paninis Grammatik sogar für die moderne <a href="/wiki/Computerlinguistik" title="Computerlinguistik">Computerlinguistik</a> interessant. Paninis Theorie der <a href="/wiki/Morphologie_(Linguistik)" title="Morphologie (Linguistik)">morphologischen Analyse</a> war bis zum 20. Jahrhundert fortschrittlicher als jede vergleichbare westliche Theorie. Seine Abhandlung ist <a href="/wiki/Generative_Grammatik" title="Generative Grammatik">generativ</a> und deskriptiv, verwendet <a href="/wiki/Metasprache" title="Metasprache">Metasprache</a> und wurde mit der <a href="/wiki/Turingmaschine" title="Turingmaschine">Turingmaschine</a> verglichen, bei der die logische Struktur eines beliebigen Rechengeräts mithilfe eines idealisierten <a href="/wiki/Mathematisches_Modell" title="Mathematisches Modell">mathematischen Modells</a> auf das Wesentliche reduziert wird.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Colebrooke" title="Henry Thomas Colebrooke">Henry Thomas Colebrooke</a> brachte 1809 in <a href="/wiki/Kalkutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkutta">Kalkutta</a> eine englische Übersetzung der Grammatik von Panini heraus. <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_B%C3%B6htlingk" title="Otto von Böhtlingk">Otto von Böhtlingk</a> hat 1839 bis 1840 den Sanskrit-Text erstmals herausgegeben und 1887 die bis heute gebräuchliche Edition mit Übersetzung (im weitesten Sinne) folgen lassen, die immer wieder nachgedruckt wurde, zuletzt 2001. </p><p>Rishi Rajpopat erarbeitete 2021 in seiner Doktorarbeit<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ein tieferes Verständnis von Paninis "language machine", indem er ein einfaches System der Auflösung von Regelkonflikten entwarf.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werkausgaben">Werkausgaben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Werkausgaben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Werkausgaben"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_B%C3%B6htlingk" title="Otto von Böhtlingk">Otto von Böhtlingk</a> (Hrsg.): <i>Pāṇini’s Grammatik.</i> Bonn (1839–1840); Nachdruck Delhi 2001, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/8120810252" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-208-1025-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vasudeva Sharma Agrawala: <i>India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi.</i> Lucknow University, Lucknow 1953.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Cardona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Cardona (Seite nicht vorhanden)">George Cardona</a>: <i>Pāṇini. A survey of research.</i> The Hague 1976, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9027934355" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-279-3435-5</a>.</li> <li>George Cardona: <i>Recent research in Pāṇinian Studies.</i> Delhi 1999, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/8120816374" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-208-1637-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Panini</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <ul><li>Anand Mishra: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00207943/document"><i>Simulating the Paninian System of Sanskrit Grammar.</i></a> (<i>First International Sanskrit Computational Linguistics Symposium, INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Oct 2007, Rocquencourt, France</i>) In: <i>HAL,</i> 18. Januar 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&query=118739123">Literatur von und über Panini</a> im Katalog der <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Anmerkungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panini_(Grammatiker)&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Anmerkungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Für ein Datum in der Mitte des 4. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. u. a.: Irfan Habib, Vivekanand Jha: <i>Mauryan India</i> (= <i>A People’s History of India</i>, Band 5). Tulika Books, New Delhi 2004, S. 146–149. Für ein Datum in der Mitte des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.: Vasudeva Sharma Agrawala: <i>India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi.</i> Lucknow University, Lucknow 1953, S. 455–474; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stoneman" title="Richard Stoneman">Richard Stoneman</a>: <i>The Greek Experience of India. From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks</i>. Princeton University Press, Princeton/Oxford 2019, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780691154039" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-691-15403-9</a>, S. 31 (folgt Agrawala und fasst seine Argumentation zusammen).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Subhash C. Kak: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0888613X87900077?via%3Dihub"><i>The Paninian approach to natural language processing.</i></a> International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, Januar 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Rishi Rajpopat: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.80099"><i>In Pāṇini We Trust: Discovering the Algorithm for Rule Conflict Resolution in the Aṣṭādhyāyī.</i></a> University of Cambridge,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19. Dezember 2022</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APanini+%28Grammatiker%29&rft.title=In+P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini+We+Trust%3A+Discovering+the+Algorithm+for+Rule+Conflict+Resolution+in+the+A%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%AD%C4%81dhy%C4%81y%C4%AB&rft.description=In+P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini+We+Trust%3A+Discovering+the+Algorithm+for+Rule+Conflict+Resolution+in+the+A%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%AD%C4%81dhy%C4%81y%C4%AB&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17863%2FCAM.80099&rft.creator=Rishi+Rajpopat&rft.publisher=University+of+Cambridge"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2022-12-ancient-grammatical-puzzle-years.html"><i>Ancient grammatical puzzle solved after 2,500 years.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 19. Dezember 2022</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3APanini+%28Grammatiker%29&rft.title=Ancient+grammatical+puzzle+solved+after+2%2C500+years&rft.description=Ancient+grammatical+puzzle+solved+after+2%2C500+years&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2022-12-ancient-grammatical-puzzle-years.html"> </span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-p" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Person): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118739123">118739123</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/118739123">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=118739123">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/118739123">AKS</a></span>)</span> | <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n80062965">n80062965</a></span> | <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/250882672/">250882672</a></span> | <span class="noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://persondata.toolforge.org/p/Panini_(Grammatiker)">Wikipedia-Personensuche</a></span><span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div> <table class="metadata rahmenfarbe1" id="Vorlage_Personendaten" style="border-style: solid; margin-top: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Personendaten" title="Hilfe:Personendaten">Personendaten</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">NAME </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;">Panini </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">ALTERNATIVNAMEN </td> <td>पाणिनि </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">KURZBESCHREIBUNG </td> <td>indischer Sanskrit-Grammatiker </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">GEBURTSDATUM </td> <td>5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. oder 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">STERBEDATUM </td> <td>5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. oder 4. Jahrhundert v. 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hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189725" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini" title="Panini – Schweizerdeutsch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Panini" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Schweizerdeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="بانيني – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بانيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পাণিনি – Assamesisch" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাণিনি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पाणिनी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पाणिनी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="पाणिनि – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पाणिनि" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পাণিনি – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাণিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81nini" title="Pānini – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pānini" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0nini" title="Pànini – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pànini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81nini" title="Pānini – Korsisch" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pānini" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1nini" title="Pánini – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pánini" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_(sprogforsker)" title="Panini (sprogforsker) – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panini (sprogforsker)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paninio" title="Paninio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paninio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_(gram%C3%A1tico)" title="Panini (gramático) – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Panini (gramático)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81nini" title="Pānini – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pānini" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81nini" title="Pānini – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pānini" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پانینی – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پانینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_(grammairien)" title="Panini (grammairien) – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Panini (grammairien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="पाणिनि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पाणिनि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini" title="Panini – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Panini" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Պանինի – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանինի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%8B" title="パーニニ – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パーニニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪಾಣಿನಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾಣಿನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%88" title="파니니 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파니니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panines" title="Panines – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Panines" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paninis" title="Paninis – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paninis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="പാണിനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാണിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पाणिनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाणिनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="पाणिनि – Nepalesisch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाणिनि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="पाणिनि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पाणिनि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_(taalkundige)" title="Panini (taalkundige) – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panini (taalkundige)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini" title="Panini – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Panini" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF" title="ପାଣିନି – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପାଣିନି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਾਣਿਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਣਿਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_(gramatyk)" title="Panini (gramatyk) – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panini (gramatyk)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پاݨینی – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاݨینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%8A%DA%BC%D9%8A" title="پاڼيڼي – Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاڼيڼي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81nini" title="Pānini – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pānini" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Панини – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панини" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="पाणिनिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पाणिनिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini" title="Panini – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Panini" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_(vetenskapsman)" title="Panini (vetenskapsman) – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panini (vetenskapsman)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="பாணினி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாணினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="పాణిని – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాణిని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4" title="ปาณินิ – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปาณินิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini" title="Panini – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Панини – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Панини" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Паніні – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Паніні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پانینی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پانینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pāṇini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E4%BD%A0%E5%B0%BC" title="波你尼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波你尼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E4%BD%A0%E5%B0%BC" title="波你尼 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波你尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E4%BD%A0%E5%B0%BC" title="波你尼 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波你尼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189725#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 20. 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