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class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_1992_unrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 March 1992 unrest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_1992_unrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Factions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Factions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Factions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bosnian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Bosnian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Croat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Serb </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paramilitary_and_volunteers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paramilitary_and_volunteers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Paramilitary and volunteers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paramilitary_and_volunteers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Prelude </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Course_of_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Course_of_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Course of the war </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Course_of_the_war-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Course of the war subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Course_of_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1992" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 1992 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Croat–Bosniak_relations_in_late_1992" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croat–Bosniak_relations_in_late_1992"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Croat–Bosniak relations in late 1992 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croat–Bosniak_relations_in_late_1992-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 1993 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outbreak_of_the_Croat–Bosniak_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outbreak_of_the_Croat–Bosniak_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Outbreak of the Croat–Bosniak War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outbreak_of_the_Croat–Bosniak_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Bosnia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Bosnia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Central Bosnia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Bosnia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herzegovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herzegovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Herzegovina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herzegovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June–July_Offensives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June–July_Offensives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 June–July Offensives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June–July_Offensives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May–June_1993_UN_Safe_Areas_extension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May–June_1993_UN_Safe_Areas_extension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 May–June 1993 UN Safe Areas extension </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May–June_1993_UN_Safe_Areas_extension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 1994 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Markale_massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markale_massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Markale massacre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markale_massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Washington_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Washington Agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNPROFOR_and_NATO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNPROFOR_and_NATO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 UNPROFOR and NATO </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNPROFOR_and_NATO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 1995 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Casualties </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Casualties subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RDC_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RDC_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 RDC figures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RDC_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ICTY_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICTY_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 ICTY figures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ICTY_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Other statistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 War crimes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War_crimes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle War crimes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-War_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_cleansing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_cleansing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Ethnic cleansing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_cleansing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Rape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prosecutions_and_legal_proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prosecutions_and_legal_proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Prosecutions and legal proceedings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prosecutions_and_legal_proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconciliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconciliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Reconciliation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconciliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Assessment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Assessment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_war_or_a_war_of_aggression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_war_or_a_war_of_aggression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Civil war or a war of aggression </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_war_or_a_war_of_aggression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Ethnic war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 In popular culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In popular culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drama_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Drama series </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 Documentaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Video games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Journals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Other sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bosnian War</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" > 69 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnienkrieg" title="Bosnienkrieg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bosnienkrieg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83" title="حرب البوسنة والهرسك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب البوسنة والهرسك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_Bosnia_y_Herzegovina" title="Guerra de Bosnia y Herzegovina – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guerra de Bosnia y Herzegovina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_Bosnia" title="Guerra de Bosnia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra de Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniya_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="Bosniya müharibəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bosniya müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="بوسنی ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوسنی ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="বসনিয়ার যুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বসনিয়ার যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Баснійская вайна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Баснійская вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Война в Босна и Херцеговина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Война в Босна и Херцеговина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini" title="Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_B%C3%B2snia" title="Guerra de Bòsnia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra de Bòsnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%D0%B8" title="Босни вăрçи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Босни вăрçи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lka_v_Bosn%C4%9B_a_Hercegovin%C4%9B" title="Válka v Bosně a Hercegovině – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válka v Bosně a Hercegovině" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Bosnia" title="Rhyfel Bosnia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_i_Bosnien-Hercegovina" title="Krigen i Bosnien-Hercegovina – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krigen i Bosnien-Hercegovina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnienkrieg" title="Bosnienkrieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bosnienkrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_s%C3%B5da" title="Bosnia sõda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bosnia sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πόλεμος της Βοσνίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλεμος της Βοσνίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_Bosnia" title="Guerra de Bosnia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra de Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_Milito" title="Bosnia Milito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bosnia Milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniako_gerra" title="Bosniako gerra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bosniako gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جنگ بوسنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ بوسنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_de_Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine" title="Guerre de Bosnie-Herzégovine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre de Bosnie-Herzégovine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_Bosnia" title="Guerra de Bosnia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guerra de Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="보스니아 전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보스니아 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Բոսնիական պատերազմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոսնիական պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="बोस्निया युद्ध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोस्निया युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini" title="Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_di_Bosnia" title="Milito di Bosnia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Milito di Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Bosnia" title="Perang Bosnia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_in_Bosnia_ed_Erzegovina" title="Guerra in Bosnia ed Erzegovina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra in Bosnia ed Erzegovina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="מלחמת בוסניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת בוסניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბოსნიის ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოსნიის ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_ya_Bosnia" title="Vita ya Bosnia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita ya Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnijas_kar%C5%A1" title="Bosnijas karš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bosnijas karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnijos_karas" title="Bosnijos karas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bosnijos karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnische_Kreeg" title="Bosnische Kreeg – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bosnische Kreeg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boszniai_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Boszniai háború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boszniai háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Босанска војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Босанска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Bosnia" title="Perang Bosnia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Боснийн дайн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Боснийн дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnische_Burgeroorlog" title="Bosnische Burgeroorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bosnische Burgeroorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B4%E3%83%93%E3%83%8A%E7%B4%9B%E4%BA%89" title="ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ紛争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ紛争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia-krigen" title="Bosnia-krigen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bosnia-krigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جنگ بوسنیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جنگ بوسنیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guera_di_Bosnia" title="Guera di Bosnia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Guera di Bosnia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د بوسنيا جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بوسنيا جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_w_Bo%C5%9Bni_i_Hercegowinie" title="Wojna w Bośni i Hercegowinie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna w Bośni i Hercegowinie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_da_B%C3%B3snia" title="Guerra da Bósnia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra da Bósnia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Bosniac" title="Războiul Bosniac – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul Bosniac" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Война в Боснии и Герцеговине – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Война в Боснии и Герцеговине" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnie_War" title="Bosnie War – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bosnie War" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_e_Bosnj%C3%ABs" title="Lufta e Bosnjës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta e Bosnjës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BA" title="බොස්නියානු යුද්ධය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බොස්නියානු යුද්ධය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bosnian War" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_v_Bosne_a_Hercegovine" title="Vojna v Bosne a Hercegovine – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vojna v Bosne a Hercegovine" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%88_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جەنگی بۆسنیا و ھەرزەگۆڤینا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەنگی بۆسنیا و ھەرزەگۆڤینا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рат у Босни и Херцеговини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рат у Босни и Херцеговини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini" title="Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_sota" title="Bosnian sota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bosnian sota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnienkriget" title="Bosnienkriget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bosnienkriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Emotioneel_weerzien_van_Bosnische_vluchtelingen_in_de_Ripperda_kazerne._NL-HlmNHA_54033997.JPG/138px-Emotioneel_weerzien_van_Bosnische_vluchtelingen_in_de_Ripperda_kazerne._NL-HlmNHA_54033997.JPG" decoding="async" width="138" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Emotioneel_weerzien_van_Bosnische_vluchtelingen_in_de_Ripperda_kazerne._NL-HlmNHA_54033997.JPG/207px-Emotioneel_weerzien_van_Bosnische_vluchtelingen_in_de_Ripperda_kazerne._NL-HlmNHA_54033997.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Emotioneel_weerzien_van_Bosnische_vluchtelingen_in_de_Ripperda_kazerne._NL-HlmNHA_54033997.JPG/276px-Emotioneel_weerzien_van_Bosnische_vluchtelingen_in_de_Ripperda_kazerne._NL-HlmNHA_54033997.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="1486" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Evstafiev-mladic-sarajevo1993w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Evstafiev-mladic-sarajevo1993w.jpg/137px-Evstafiev-mladic-sarajevo1993w.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Evstafiev-mladic-sarajevo1993w.jpg/206px-Evstafiev-mladic-sarajevo1993w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Evstafiev-mladic-sarajevo1993w.jpg/274px-Evstafiev-mladic-sarajevo1993w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="367" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbisk_T-34_85_trekkes_tilbake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Serbisk_T-34_85_trekkes_tilbake.jpg/147px-Serbisk_T-34_85_trekkes_tilbake.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Serbisk_T-34_85_trekkes_tilbake.jpg/221px-Serbisk_T-34_85_trekkes_tilbake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Serbisk_T-34_85_trekkes_tilbake.jpg/294px-Serbisk_T-34_85_trekkes_tilbake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="784" /></a></div></div></div></div></div> Clockwise from top left: The Executive Council Building burns after being hit by tank fire in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bosanska_Krupa" title="Bosanska Krupa">Bosanska Krupa</a> in 1992; Bosnian refugees reunited in a military camp; Serbian <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> tank being drawn away from the frontline near <a href="/wiki/Doboj" title="Doboj">Doboj</a> in spring of 1996; <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a> with Army of <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> officers; A Norwegian <a href="/wiki/UN_peacekeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="UN peacekeeper">UN peacekeeper</a> in Sarajevo during <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">the siege</a> in 1992</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>6 April 1992 – <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton Accords">14 December 1995</a> (3 years, 8 months, 1 week and 6 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Military stalemate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton agreement">Dayton agreement</a></li> <li>Over 101,000 dead, mainly <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a>.</li> <li>Deployment of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-led forces to oversee the peace agreement.</li> <li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_High_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the High Representative">Office of the High Representative</a> to oversee the civilian implementation of the peace agreement.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> International recognition of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> as a sovereign state <ul><li>Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton Accords">Dayton Accords</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> is recognised as one of two entities that form <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:67%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Until October 1992: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> Until May 1992: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)">Republika Srpska</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina" title="Republic of Serbian Krajina">Serbian Krajina</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> (until 27 April 1992) <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro"><img alt="Serbia and Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (from 27 April 1992)</td></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> October 1992–94: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> October 1992–94: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> May 1992–94: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)">Republika Srpska</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina" title="Republic of Serbian Krajina">Serbian Krajina</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">Western Bosnia</a> Support: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:67%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1994–95: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><a href="#endnote_2">b</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> Support: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">bombing operations</a>, 1995)</td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1994–95: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)">Republika Srpska</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina" title="Republic of Serbian Krajina">Serbian Krajina</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">Western Bosnia</a> Support: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">President of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>) <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Haris_Silajd%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Haris Silajdžić">Haris Silajdžić</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>) <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Halilovi%C4%87" title="Sefer Halilović">Sefer Halilović</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARBiH" class="mw-redirect" title="ARBiH">ARBiH</a> Chief of Staff 1992–1993) <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rasim_Deli%C4%87" title="Rasim Delić">Rasim Delić</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARBiH" class="mw-redirect" title="ARBiH">ARBiH</a> Commander of the General Staff 1993–1995) <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Enver_Had%C5%BEihasanovi%C4%87" title="Enver Hadžihasanović">Enver Hadžihasanović</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARBiH" class="mw-redirect" title="ARBiH">ARBiH</a> Chief of Staff 1992–1993) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO"><img alt="NATO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Leighton_W._Smith_Jr." title="Leighton W. Smith Jr.">Leighton W. Smith Jr.</a> (Commander of <a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">AFSOUTH</a>) <a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Yugoslav_Wars" title="Leaders of the Yugoslav Wars">...and others</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President of Croatia</a>) <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gojko_%C5%A0u%C5%A1ak" title="Gojko Šušak">Gojko Šušak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Croatia)">Minister of Defence</a>) <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Janko_Bobetko" title="Janko Bobetko">Janko Bobetko</a> (<a href="/wiki/Military_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Croatia">HV</a> Chief of Staff) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia"><img alt="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mate_Boban" title="Mate Boban">Mate Boban</a> (President of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a> until 1994 <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia"><img alt="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_Zubak" title="Krešimir Zubak">Krešimir Zubak</a> (President of Herzeg-Bosnia from 1994) <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia"><img alt="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Milivoj_Petkovi%C4%87" title="Milivoj Petković">Milivoj Petković</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">HVO</a> Chief of Staff) <a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Yugoslav_Wars" title="Leaders of the Yugoslav Wars">...and others</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)"><img alt="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Serbia_%281992%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281992%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Serbia_%281992%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281992%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Serbia_%281992%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281992%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President of Serbia</a>) <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Peri%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Momčilo Perišić">Momčilo Perišić</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro">VJ</a> Chief of Staff) <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)"><img alt="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Republika_Srpska" title="President of Republika Srpska">President of Republika Srpska</a>) <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)"><img alt="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">VRS</a> Chief of Staff) <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia_%281993%E2%80%931995%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia_%281993%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia_%281993%E2%80%931995%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia_%281993%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia_%281993%E2%80%931995%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia_%281993%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Fikret_Abdi%C4%87" title="Fikret Abdić">Fikret Abdić</a> (President of <a href="/wiki/AP_Western_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Western Bosnia">AP Western Bosnia</a>) <a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Yugoslav_Wars" title="Leaders of the Yugoslav Wars">...and others</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="315" /> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">ARBiH</a>: 110,000 troops 110,000 reserves 40 tanks 30 <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">APCs</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2010130-1">[1]</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Defence_Council.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Defence_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Defence_Council.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Defence_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Defence_Council.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Defence_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">HVO</a>: 45,000–50,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012154-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA199328-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200322-4">[4]</a> 75 tanks 50 <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">APCs</a> 200 artillery pieces<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006450-5">[5]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Croatian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Croatian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Croatian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">HV</a>: 15,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulaj200853-6">[6]</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1992: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_the_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_%281991-1992%29.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_%281991-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_the_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_%281991-1992%29.svg/35px-Emblem_of_the_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_%281991-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_the_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_%281991-1992%29.svg/46px-Emblem_of_the_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_%281991-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2063" data-file-height="2048" /> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">JNA</a> 1992–95 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Patch_of_the_Army_of_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Patch_of_the_Army_of_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Patch_of_the_Army_of_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Patch_of_the_Army_of_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Patch_of_the_Army_of_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Patch_of_the_Army_of_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="598" /> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">VRS</a>: 80,000 troops 300 tanks 700 <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">APCs</a> 800 artillery pieces<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Logo_of_the_National_Defense_Of_Western_Bosnia.png/23px-Logo_of_the_National_Defense_Of_Western_Bosnia.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Logo_of_the_National_Defense_Of_Western_Bosnia.png/35px-Logo_of_the_National_Defense_Of_Western_Bosnia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Logo_of_the_National_Defense_Of_Western_Bosnia.png/46px-Logo_of_the_National_Defense_Of_Western_Bosnia.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="498" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">NOZB</a>: 4,000–5,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006451-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 30,906 soldiers killed <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 31,107 civilians killed<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia"><img alt="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 5,919 soldiers killed <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia"><img alt="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 2,484 civilians killed<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)"><img alt="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> 20,775 soldiers killed <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)"><img alt="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> 4,178 civilians killed<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> additional 5,100 killed whose ethnicity and status are unstated<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#ref_1">^</a> From 1992 to 1994, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not supported by the majority of <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Croats" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Croats">Bosnian Croats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Serbs">Serbs</a>. 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This was primarily because of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement" title="Washington Agreement">Washington Agreement</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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War">Croat-Bosniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Bosniak_conflict_in_Bosanska_Krajina" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-Bosniak conflict in Bosanska Krajina">Inter-Bosniak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Preševo, Bujanovac and Medveđa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_Macedonia" title="2001 insurgency in Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bosnian_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Bosnian_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Bosnian War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Bosnian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Bosnian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Bosnian War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bosnian_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo">Sarajevo JNA column</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_campaign_in_Bosnia" title="1992 Yugoslav campaign in Bosnia">JNA campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da_massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="Foča massacres">Foča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Ilid%C5%BEa" title="Battles of Ilidža">Ilidža</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvornik_massacre" title="Zvornik massacre">Zvornik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hrasnica_(1992)" title="Battle of Hrasnica (1992)">Hrasnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doboj_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Doboj massacre">Doboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Operation Višegrad">Višegrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prijedor_ethnic_cleansing" title="Prijedor ethnic cleansing">Prijedor cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Tuzla" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Tuzla">Tuzla JNA column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaja_1992_resistance" title="Galaja 1992 resistance">Galaja resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bihać (1992–95)">Bihać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Vrbas '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Corridor 92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolu%C4%87a" title="Siege of Smoluća">Smoluća</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Gornje_Kolibe" title="Battles for Gornje Kolibe">Gornje Kolibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majevica_front_(1992-1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Majevica front (1992-1995)">Majevica front</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teo%C4%8Dak_and_Priboj_offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teočak and Priboj offensive (page does not exist)">Teočak and Priboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kori%C4%87ani_Cliffs_massacre" title="Korićani Cliffs massacre">Korićani Cliffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oganj_%2792" title="Operation Oganj '92">Oganj '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bura" title="Operation Bura">Bura</a></li></ul> 1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Munja_%2793" title="Operation Munja '93">Munja '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azi%C4%87i" title="Battle of Azići">Azići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banj_brdo" title="Battle of Banj brdo">Banj brdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BDep%C4%8De" title="Battle of Žepče">Žepče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kravica_attack_(1993)" title="Kravica attack (1993)">Kravica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1a_killings" title="Duša killings">Duša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0trpci_massacre" title="Štrpci massacre">Štrpci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Travnik_(1993)" title="Battle of Travnik (1993)">Travnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Deny Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Ahmići massacre">Ahmići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusina_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Trusina killings">Trusina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovi%C4%87i_and_Doljani_massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovići and Doljani massacres">Sovići/Doljani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrinja_mortar_attack" title="Dobrinja mortar attack">Dobrinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bugojno" title="Battle of Bugojno">Bugojno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sadejstvo" title="Operation Sadejstvo">Sadejstvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokronoge_massacre" title="Mokronoge massacre">Mokronoge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grabovica_massacre" title="Grabovica massacre">Grabovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Neretva_%2793" title="Operation Neretva '93">Neretva '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lukavac_%2793" title="Operation Lukavac '93">Lukavac '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupni_Do_massacre" title="Stupni Do massacre">Stupni Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazin_ambush_(1993)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cazin ambush (1993)">Cazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEan%C4%8Devo_Selo_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Križančevo Selo killings">Križančevo Selo</a></li></ul> 1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres#First_massacre" title="Markale massacres">1st Markale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka_incident" title="Banja Luka incident">Banja Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Buna" title="Operation Buna">Buna 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tvigi_94" title="Operation Tvigi 94">Tvigi 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Brana_94" title="Operation Brana 94">Brana '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement" title="Washington Agreement">Washington Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Star_94" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Star 94">Star '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%B8llebank" title="Operation Bøllebank">Bøllebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Amanda" title="Operation Amanda">Amanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1994)" title="Operation Tiger (1994)">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_in_Sarajevo_(1994)" title="Incident in Sarajevo (1994)">Sarajevo incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spider" title="Operation Spider">Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">2nd Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shield_94" title="Operation Shield 94">Shield '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Vu%C4%8Dja_Planina" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive on Vučja Planina">Vučja Planina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airstrike_on_Udbina_Air_Base" title="Airstrike on Udbina Air Base">Udbina airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Winter '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794#Operation_Leap_1" title="Operation Winter '94">Leap 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Vu%C4%8Dja_mountain" title="Offensive on Vučja mountain">Vučja mountain</a></li></ul> 1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Majevica" title="Operation Majevica">Majevica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Operation Vlašić">Vlašić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ora%C5%A1je" title="Battle of Orašje">Orašje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Pale_air_strikes" title="1995 Pale air strikes">Pale airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzla_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuzla massacre">Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tekbir_%2795" title="Operation Tekbir '95">Tekbir '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrbanja_Bridge" title="Battle of Vrbanja Bridge">Vrbanja Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794#Operation_Leap_2" title="Operation Winter '94">Leap 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_O%27Grady#Shootdown" title="Scott O'Grady">Mrkonjić Grad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Krivaja_%2795" title="Operation Krivaja '95">Krivaja '95</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stup%C4%8Danica_%2795" title="Operation Stupčanica '95">Stupčanica '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vozu%C4%87a" title="Battle of Vozuća">Vozuća</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Miracle_(1995)" title="Operation Miracle (1995)">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres#Second_massacre" title="Markale massacres">2nd Markale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Deliberate Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Mistral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sana" title="Operation Sana">Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prijedor_95" title="Operation Prijedor 95">Prijedor '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Southern Move</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The Bosnian War<a href="#cite_note-nm-11">[a]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international <a href="/wiki/Armed_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed conflict">armed conflict</a> that took place in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992, following several earlier violent incidents. It ended on 14 December 1995 when the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton accords">Dayton Accords</a> were signed. The main belligerents were the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)">Republika Srpska</a>, the latter two entities being <a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">proto-states</a> led and supplied by <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Serbia</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The war was part of the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> and Croatian secessions from the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> in 1991, the multi-ethnic <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> – which was inhabited by mainly <a href="/wiki/Muslims_(ethnic_group)" title="Muslims (ethnic group)">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a> (44%), <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Serbs</a> (32.5%) and <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Croats</a> (17%) – passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992. Political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum and rejected its outcome. Anticipating the outcome of the referendum, the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Serb_People_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> adopted the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Serbian_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Constitution of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> on 28 February 1992. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a> (which gained international recognition) and following the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> from the previously signed <a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Carrington–Cutileiro_plan" title="Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War">Cutileiro Plan</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> (which proposed a division of Bosnia into ethnic <a href="/wiki/Canton_(administrative_division)" title="Canton (administrative division)">cantons</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Serbs">Bosnian Serbs</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a> and supported by the government of <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (JNA), mobilised their forces inside Bosnia and Herzegovina to secure ethnic Serb territory. The war soon spread across the country, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>. The conflict was initially between Yugoslav Army units in Bosnia which later transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> (VRS) on the one side, and the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (ARBiH), largely composed of Bosniaks, and the Croat forces in the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">Croatian Defence Council</a> (HVO) on the other side. Tensions between Croats and Bosniaks increased throughout late 1992, resulting in the escalation of the <a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a> in early 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012172-15">[14]</a> The Bosnian War was characterised by bitter fighting, indiscriminate <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shelling</a> of cities and towns, ethnic cleansing, and <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">systematic mass rape</a>, mainly perpetrated by Serb,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood2013140,_343-16">[15]</a> and to a lesser extent, Croat<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> and Bosniak<a href="#cite_note-fas.org-18">[17]</a> forces. Events such as the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">siege of Sarajevo</a> and the July 1995 <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a> later became iconic of the conflict. The massacre of over 8,000 Bosniak males by Serb forces in <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica" title="Srebrenica">Srebrenica</a> is the only incident in Europe to have been recognized as a genocide since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> The Serbs, although initially militarily superior due to the weapons and resources provided by the JNA, eventually lost momentum as the Bosniaks and Croats allied against the Republika Srpska in 1994 with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement" title="Washington Agreement">Washington Agreement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> ignored the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>'s ban on the supply of arms and airlifted <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">anti-tank missiles</a> to the Bosnian Muslims, while after the Srebrenica and <a href="/wiki/Markale_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Markale massacre">Markale</a> massacres, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> intervened in 1995 with <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Operation Deliberate Force</a>, targeting the positions of the Army of the Republika Srpska, which proved key in ending the war.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> The war ended after the signing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Paris on 14 December 1995. Peace negotiations were held in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>, and were finalised on 21 November 1995.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> By early 2008, the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> had convicted forty-five Serbs, twelve Croats, and four Bosniaks of war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-Convictions-23">[22]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Estimates suggest over 100,000 people were killed during the war.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019265,_412-26">[25]</a> Over 2.2 million people were displaced,<a href="#cite_note-Jolie-27">[26]</a> making it, at the time, the most violent conflict in Europe since the end of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> In addition, an estimated 12,000–50,000 <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bosnian_War" title="Rape during the Bosnian War">women were raped</a>, mainly carried out by Serb forces, with most of the victims being Bosniak women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup2015222-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave_Macmillan-31">[30]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chronology">edit</a>]</div> Clashes between Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs in Bosnia started in late February 1992, and "full-scale hostilities had broken out by 6 April",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulaj200853-6">[6]</a> the same day the US<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose2009124-32">[31]</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC)<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> recognised Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond200751-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Misha_Glenny" title="Misha Glenny">Misha Glenny</a> gives a date of 22 March, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gerard_Gallagher" title="Thomas Gerard Gallagher">Tom Gallagher</a> gives 2 April, while <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kaldor" title="Mary Kaldor">Mary Kaldor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Silber" title="Laura Silber">Laura Silber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allan_Little" title="Allan Little">Allan Little</a> give 6 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulaj200876-36">[35]</a> Philip Hammond claimed the most common view is that the war started on 6 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond200751-34">[33]</a> Serbs consider the <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_wedding_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarajevo wedding shooting">Sarajevo wedding shooting</a>, when a groom's father was killed on the 2nd day of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnian independence referendum</a>, 1 March 1992, as the first death of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonia2006291-37">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sijekovac_killings" title="Sijekovac killings">Sijekovac killings</a> of Serbs took place on 26 March and the <a href="/wiki/Bijeljina_massacre" title="Bijeljina massacre">Bijeljina massacre</a> on 1–2 April. On 5 April, after protesters approached a barricade, a demonstrator was killed by Serb forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonia2006284-38">[37]</a> The war was brought to an end by the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, negotiated at <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a> between 1 and 21 November 1995 and signed in Paris on 14 December.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Breakup of Yugoslavia">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yugoslav_breakup" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Yugoslav breakup">Timeline of Yugoslav breakup</a></div> The war came about as a result of the breakup of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. A crisis emerged in Yugoslavia as a result of the weakening of the confederation system at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. In Yugoslavia, the national <a href="/wiki/Communist_party" title="Communist party">communist party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a>, lost ideological potency. Meanwhile, ethnic nationalism experienced a renaissance in the 1980s after violence in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pavkovic-40">[39]</a> While the goal of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian nationalist">Serbian nationalists</a> was the centralisation of Yugoslavia, other nationalities aspired to the federalisation and the decentralisation of the state.<a href="#cite_note-Crnobanja-41">[40]</a> Bosnia and Herzegovina, a former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> province, has historically been a multi-ethnic state. According to the 1991 census, 44% of the population considered themselves Muslim (Bosniak), 33% Serb, and 17% Croat, with 6% describing themselves as Yugoslav.<a href="#cite_note-Sourcebook-42">[41]</a> In March 1989, the crisis in Yugoslavia deepened after the adoption of amendments to the Serbian Constitution allowing the government of Serbia to dominate the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bethlehem1997p20-43">[42]</a> Until then, Kosovo and Vojvodina's decision-making was independent, and each autonomous province had a vote at the Yugoslav federal level. Serbia, under newly elected President <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>, gained control over three out of eight votes in the Yugoslav presidency. With additional votes from Montenegro, Serbia was thus able to heavily influence the decisions of the federal government. This situation led to objections from the other republics and calls for the reform of the Yugoslav federation. At the 14th Extraordinary Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, on 20 January 1990, the delegations of the republics could not agree on the main issues facing the Yugoslav federation. As a result, the Slovene and Croatian delegates left the Congress. The Slovene delegation, headed by <a href="/wiki/Milan_Ku%C4%8Dan" title="Milan Kučan">Milan Kučan</a>, demanded democratic changes and a looser federation, while the Serbian delegation, headed by Milošević, opposed it.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Bosnian_general_election" title="1990 Bosnian general election">first multi-party election</a> in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in November 1990, votes were cast largely according to ethnicity, leading to the success of the Bosniak <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Action" title="Party of Democratic Action">Party of Democratic Action</a> (SDA), the <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Serb Democratic Party</a> (SDS), and the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Croatian Democratic Union</a> (HDZ BiH).<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Parties divided power along ethnic lines, so the president of the Presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> was a Bosniak, the president of the Parliament was a <a href="/wiki/Serb" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb">Serb</a>, and the prime minister was a Croat. Separatist nationalist parties attained power in other republics, including Croatia and Slovenia.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginning_of_the_Yugoslav_Wars">Beginning of the Yugoslav Wars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beginning of the Yugoslav Wars">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ethnic_1991.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ethnic_1991.png/220px-Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ethnic_1991.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ethnic_1991.png/330px-Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ethnic_1991.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ethnic_1991.png/440px-Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ethnic_1991.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic map of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Serbs</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Croats</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srpske_autonomne_oblasti_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_u_studenome_1991.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Srpske_autonomne_oblasti_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_u_studenome_1991.png/220px-Srpske_autonomne_oblasti_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_u_studenome_1991.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Srpske_autonomne_oblasti_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_u_studenome_1991.png/330px-Srpske_autonomne_oblasti_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_u_studenome_1991.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Srpske_autonomne_oblasti_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_u_studenome_1991.png/440px-Srpske_autonomne_oblasti_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_u_studenome_1991.png 2x" data-file-width="1809" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption>Serbian Autonomous Oblasts in November 1991</figcaption></figure> Meetings were held in early 1991 between the leaders of the six Yugoslav republics, and the two autonomous regions, to discuss the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadkovich2007239-47">[46]</a> The Serbian leadership favoured a federal solution, whereas the Croatian and Slovenian leadership favoured an alliance of sovereign states. Bosnian leader <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> proposed an asymmetrical federation in February, where Slovenia and Croatia would maintain loose ties with the four remaining republics. Shortly after, he changed his position and opted for a sovereign Bosnia as a prerequisite for such a federation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006386-48">[47]</a> On 25 March, <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> and Serbian President <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> held a <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87-Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Milošević-Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">meeting in Karađorđevo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELučić200872-49">[48]</a> The meeting was controversial due to claims by some Yugoslav politicians, the two presidents agreed to the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELučić200874–75-50">[49]</a> On 6 June, Izetbegović and Macedonian president <a href="/wiki/Kiro_Gligorov" title="Kiro Gligorov">Kiro Gligorov</a> proposed a weak confederation between Croatia, Slovenia, and a federation of the other four republics. That was rejected by the Milošević administration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001248-51">[50]</a> On 25 June 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. An <a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">armed conflict</a> in Slovenia ensued, while clashes in areas of Croatia with substantial ethnic Serb populations escalated into a <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">full-scale war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200258,_91-52">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (JNA) abandoned efforts to reassert control over Slovenia in July while fighting in Croatia intensified until a <a href="/wiki/Vance_plan#Implementation_Agreement" title="Vance plan">ceasefire</a> was agreed in January 1992. The JNA also attacked Croatia from Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996206-53">[52]</a> In July 1991, representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Serb Democratic Party</a> (SDS), including SDS president <a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhamed_Filipovi%C4%87" title="Muhamed Filipović">Muhamed Filipović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adil_Zulfikarpa%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Adil Zulfikarpašić">Adil Zulfikarpašić</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Bosniak_Organisation" title="Muslim Bosniak Organisation">Muslim Bosniak Organisation</a> (MBO), drafted an agreement known as the <a href="/wiki/Zulfikarpa%C5%A1i%C4%87%E2%80%93Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87_agreement" title="Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement">Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement</a>. This would leave SR Bosnia and Herzegovina in a state union with SR Serbia and SR Montenegro. The agreement was denounced by Croat political parties. Although initially welcoming the initiative, the Izetbegović administration later dismissed the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006426-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchindler200771-55">[54]</a> Between September and November 1991, the SDS organised the creation of six "<a href="/wiki/Serb_Autonomous_Regions" title="Serb Autonomous Regions">Serb Autonomous Regions</a>" (SAOs).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaspersen201082-56">[55]</a> This was in response to the Bosniaks' steps toward seceding from Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228-57">[56]</a> Similar steps were taken by the Bosnian Croats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228-57">[56]</a> In August 1991, the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> hosted <a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">a conference</a> in an attempt to prevent Bosnia and Herzegovina from sliding into war. On 25 September 1991, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_713" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 713">Resolution 713</a>, imposing an arms embargo on all former Yugoslav territories. The embargo had little effect on the JNA and Serb forces. Croatian forces had seized weaponry from the JNA during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">Battle of the Barracks</a>. The embargo had a significant impact in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the start of the Bosnian War.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199985-58">[57]</a> The Serb forces inherited the armaments and the equipment of the JNA, while the Croat and Bosniak forces obtained arms through Croatia in violation of the embargo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200359–61-59">[58]</a> On 19 September 1991, the JNA moved extra troops to the area around the city of <a href="/wiki/Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a>. This was protested by the local government. On 20 September 1991, the JNA transferred troops to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">the front at Vukovar</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Višegrad">Višegrad</a> region of northeastern Bosnia. In response, local Croats and Bosniaks set up barricades and machine-gun posts. They halted a column of 60 JNA tanks, but were dispersed by force the following day. More than 1,000 people had to flee the area. This action, nearly seven months before the start of the Bosnian War, caused the first casualties of the Yugoslav Wars in Bosnia. In the first days of October, the JNA attacked and leveled the Croat village of <a href="/wiki/Ravno,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Ravno, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Ravno</a> in eastern Herzegovina, on their way to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">attack Dubrovnik</a> in southern Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006416-60">[59]</a> On 6 October 1991, Bosnian president <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> gave a televised proclamation of neutrality, it included the statement "it is not our war".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200325-61">[60]</a> Izetbegović made a statement before the Bosnian parliament on 14 October with regard to the JNA: "Do not do anything against the Army. (...) the presence of the Army is a stabilizing factor to us, and we need that Army... Until now, we did not have problems with the Army, and we will not have problems later." Izetbegović had a testy exchange with Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžić in parliament on that day. After Karadžić wagered that the Bosnian Muslims could not defend themselves if a state of war developed, Izetbegović observed that he found Karadžić's manner and speech offensive and it explained why the Bosniaks felt unwelcome, that his tone might explain why the others federated by Yugoslavia felt repelled, and that the threats of Karadžić were unworthy of the Serbian people.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Throughout 1990, the <a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a> was developed by <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration">SDB</a> and a group of selected Serb officers of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (JNA) with the purpose of organizing Serbs outside Serbia, consolidating control of the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">SDS</a> parties and the positioning of arms and ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-Judah1-63">[62]</a> The plan was meant to prepare the framework for a third Yugoslavia in which all Serbs with their territories would live together in the same state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996204-64">[63]</a> Journalist Giuseppe Zaccaria summarised a meeting of Serb army officers in Belgrade in 1992, reporting they had adopted an explicit policy to target women and children as the vulnerable portion of the Muslim social structure.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> According to some sources, the RAM plan was crafted in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Its existence was leaked by <a href="/wiki/Ante_Markovi%C4%87" title="Ante Marković">Ante Marković</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister of Yugoslavia</a>, an ethnic Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The existence and possible implementation of it alarmed the Bosnian government.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reneo-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_political_crisis">Final political crisis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Final political crisis">edit</a>]</div> On 15 October 1991, the parliament of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> passed a "Memorandum on the Sovereignty of Bosnia-Herzegovina" by a simple majority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008221-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-cook140-70">[69]</a> The Memorandum was hotly contested by the Bosnian Serb members of parliament, arguing the Constitution required procedural safeguards and <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">a two-thirds majority</a> for such issues. The Memorandum was debated anyway, leading to a boycott of the parliament by the Bosnian Serbs, and the legislation was passed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008220–224-71">[70]</a> The Serb political representatives proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Republika_Srpska" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Republika Srpska">Assembly of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> on 24 October 1991, declaring that the Serb people wished to remain in Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228-57">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Action" title="Party of Democratic Action">Party of Democratic Action</a> (SDA), led by Alija Izetbegović, was determined to pursue independence and was supported by Europe and the US<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999103-72">[71]</a> The SDS made it clear that if independence was declared, Serbs would secede as it was their right to exercise self-determination.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999103-72">[71]</a> The HDZ BiH was established as a branch of the ruling party in Croatia, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Croatian Democratic Union</a> (HDZ). While it called for the independence of the country, there was a split in the party with some advocating secession of Croat-majority areas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199948-73">[72]</a> In November 1991, the Croat leadership organised autonomous communities in areas with a Croat majority. On 12 November 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Croatian Community of Bosnian Posavina</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Bosanski_Brod" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosanski Brod">Bosanski Brod</a>. It covered 8 municipalities in northern Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasNazor2013281-74">[73]</a> On 18 November 1991, the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia was established in Mostar. <a href="/wiki/Mate_Boban" title="Mate Boban">Mate Boban</a> was chosen as its president.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrišto201144-75">[74]</a> Its founding document said: "The Community will respect the democratically elected government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina for as long as exists the state independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina in relation to the former, or any other, Yugoslavia".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004259-76">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Borisav_Jovi%C4%87" title="Borisav Jović">Borisav Jović</a>'s memoirs show that on 5 December 1991 Milošević ordered the JNA troops in BiH to be reorganised and its non-Bosnian personnel to be withdrawn, in case recognition would result in the perception of the JNA as a foreign force; Bosnian Serbs would remain to form the nucleus of a Bosnian Serb army.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999101-77">[76]</a> Accordingly, by the end of the month only 10–15% of the personnel in the JNA in BiH were from outside the republic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999101-77">[76]</a> Silber and Little note that Milošević secretly ordered all Bosnian-born JNA soldiers to be transferred to BiH.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999101-77">[76]</a> Jović's memoirs suggest that Milošević planned for an attack on Bosnia well in advance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999101-77">[76]</a> On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serbs proclaimed the "Republic of the Serbian People in Bosnia-Herzegovina" (SR BiH, later <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a>), but did not officially declare independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228-57">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia</a> in its 11 January 1992 Opinion No. 4 on Bosnia and Herzegovina stated that the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina should not be recognised because the country had not yet held a referendum on independence.<a href="#cite_note-rich-78">[77]</a> On 25 January 1992, an hour after the session of parliament was adjourned, the parliament called for a referendum on independence on 29 February and 1 March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008221-69">[68]</a> The debate had ended after Serb deputies withdrew after the majority Bosniak–Croat delegates turned down a motion that the referendum question be placed before the not yet established Council of National Equality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999105-79">[78]</a> The referendum proposal was adopted in the form as proposed by Muslim deputies, in the absence of SDS members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999105-79">[78]</a> As Burg and Shoup note, "the decision placed the Bosnian government and the Serbs on a collision course".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999105-79">[78]</a> The upcoming referendum caused international concern in February.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999108-80">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Later_carrington_cutillero.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Later_carrington_cutillero.png/220px-Later_carrington_cutillero.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Later_carrington_cutillero.png/330px-Later_carrington_cutillero.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Later_carrington_cutillero.png/440px-Later_carrington_cutillero.png 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1678" /></a><figcaption>Carrington-Cutillero plan: Serbian cantons shown in red, Bosniak cantons in green, Croat cantons in blue</figcaption></figure> The Croatian War would result in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_743" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 743">United Nations Security Council Resolution 743</a> on 21 February 1992, which created the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">United Nations Protection Force</a> (UNPROFOR). During talks in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> on 21–22 February a <a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Carrington–Cutileiro_plan" title="Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War">peace plan</a> was presented by EC mediator <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cutileiro" title="José Cutileiro">José Cutileiro</a>, which proposed the independent state of Bosnia to be divided into three constituent units. Agreement was denounced by the Bosniak leadership on 25 February.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999108-80">[79]</a> On 28 February 1992, the Constitution of the SR BiH declared that the territory of that Republic included "the territories of the Serbian Autonomous Regions and Districts and of other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the regions in which the Serbian people remained in the minority due to the genocide conducted against it in World War II", and it was declared to be a part of Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-sim.law.uu.nl-81">[80]</a> The Bosnian Serb assembly members advised Serbs to boycott the referendums held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. The turnout to the referendums was reported as 64%, with 93% of voters voting in favour of independence (implying that Bosnian Serbs, who made up approximately 34% of the population, largely boycotted the referendum).<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> The Serb political leadership used the referendums as a pretext to set up roadblocks in protest. Independence was formally declared by the Bosnian parliament on 3 March 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose2009124-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_1992_unrest">March 1992 unrest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: March 1992 unrest">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrington-Cutileiro_plan.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Carrington-Cutileiro_plan.PNG/220px-Carrington-Cutileiro_plan.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Carrington-Cutileiro_plan.PNG/330px-Carrington-Cutileiro_plan.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Carrington-Cutileiro_plan.PNG/440px-Carrington-Cutileiro_plan.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1809" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption>The 1992 Carrington-Cutillero plan: Serbian cantons shown in red, Bosniak cantons in green, Croat cantons in blue; Bosniak and Serb cantons would have each covered 44% of the country's territory, with the Croat canton covering the remaining 12%</figcaption></figure> During the referendum on 1 March, Sarajevo was quiet except for a Serbian wedding being fired upon.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The brandishing of Serbian flags in the <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1%C4%8Dar%C5%A1ija" title="Baščaršija">Baščaršija</a> was seen by Muslims as a deliberate provocation on the day of the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Gardovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikola Gardović">Nikola Gardović</a>, the bridegroom's father, was killed, and a <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox priest</a> was wounded. Witnesses identified the killer as <a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Delali%C4%87" title="Ramiz Delalić">Ramiz Delalić</a>, a gangster who had become a brazen criminal since the fall of communism and was stated to have been a member of the Bosniak paramilitary group the "<a href="/wiki/Green_Berets_(Bosnian_paramilitary)" title="Green Berets (Bosnian paramilitary)">Green Berets</a>". Arrest warrants were issued against him and another suspected assailant. SDS denounced the killing and claimed the failure to arrest him was due to SDA or Bosnian government complicity.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> A SDS spokesman stated it was evidence that Serbs were in mortal danger and would be further so in an independent Bosnia, which was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Halilovi%C4%87" title="Sefer Halilović">Sefer Halilović</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_League_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Patriotic League (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Patriotic League</a>, who stated it was not a wedding but a provocation and accused the wedding guests of being SDS activists. Barricades appeared the following morning at key transit points across the city and were manned by armed and masked SDS supporters.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992, sporadic fighting broke out between Serbs and government forces all across the territory.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> On 18 March 1992, all three sides signed the <a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_offered_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Carrington–Cutileiro_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War">Lisbon Agreement</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> for the Bosniaks, <a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a> for the Serbs and <a href="/wiki/Mate_Boban" title="Mate Boban">Mate Boban</a> for the Croats. However, on 28 March 1992, Izetbegović, after meeting with the US ambassador to Yugoslavia <a href="/wiki/Warren_Zimmermann" title="Warren Zimmermann">Warren Zimmermann</a> in Sarajevo, withdrew his signature and declared his opposition to any type of ethnic division of Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-z785-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-q227-90">[89]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">What was said and by whom remains unclear. Zimmerman denies that he told Izetbegovic that if he withdrew his signature, the United States would grant recognition to Bosnia as an independent state. What is indisputable is that Izetbegovic, that same day, withdrew his signature and renounced the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a></blockquote> In late March 1992, there was fighting between Serbs and combined Croat and Bosniak forces in and near <a href="/wiki/Bosanski_Brod" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosanski Brod">Bosanski Brod</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Sijekovac_killings" title="Sijekovac killings">killing of Serbs in Sijekovac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> Serb paramilitaries committed the <a href="/wiki/Bijeljina_massacre" title="Bijeljina massacre">Bijeljina massacre</a>, most of the victims were Bosniaks, on 1–2 April 1992.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factions">Factions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Factions">edit</a>]</div> There were three factions in the Bosnian War: <ul><li>Bosnian (mainly ethnically <a href="/wiki/Bosniak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosniak">Bosniak</a>), loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li>Croat, loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Serb (or Yugoslav), loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> and <a href="/wiki/FR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="FR Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> The three ethnic groups predominantly supported their respective ethnic or national faction: Bosniaks mainly the ARBiH, Croats the HVO, Serbs the VRS. There were <a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War">foreign volunteers</a> in each faction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnian">Bosnian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bosnian">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alija_Izetbegovic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alija_Izetbegovic.jpg/220px-Alija_Izetbegovic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alija_Izetbegovic.jpg/330px-Alija_Izetbegovic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alija_Izetbegovic.jpg/440px-Alija_Izetbegovic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> during his visit to the United States in 1997</figcaption></figure> The Bosnians mainly organised into the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, ARBiH) as the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>. Forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina were divided into five Corps. 1st Corps operated in the region of Sarajevo and Goražde, while the stronger 5th Corps was positioned in the western <a href="/wiki/Bosanska_Krajina" title="Bosanska Krajina">Bosanska Krajina</a> pocket, which cooperated with HVO units in and around <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a>. The Bosnian government forces were poorly equipped and unprepared for war.<a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Naletilić_and_Matinović_verdict-95">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Halilovi%C4%87" title="Sefer Halilović">Sefer Halilović</a>, Chief of Staff of the Bosnian Territorial Defense, claimed in June 1992 that his forces were 70% Muslim, 18% Croat and 12% Serb.<a href="#cite_note-Kozar-96">[95]</a> The percentage of Serb and Croat soldiers in the Bosnian Army was particularly high in Sarajevo, Mostar and Tuzla.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> The deputy commander of the Bosnian Army's Headquarters, was general <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Divjak" title="Jovan Divjak">Jovan Divjak</a>, the highest-ranking ethnic Serb in the Bosnian Army. General <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_%C5%A0iber" title="Stjepan Šiber">Stjepan Šiber</a>, an ethnic Croat was the second deputy commander. Izetbegović also appointed <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BE_Kraljevi%C4%87" title="Blaž Kraljević">Blaž Kraljević</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a> in <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a>, to be a member of Bosnian Army's Headquarters, seven days before Kraljević's assassination, in order to assemble a multi-ethnic pro-Bosnian defense front.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> This diversity was to reduce over the course of the war.<a href="#cite_note-Kozar-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENettelfield2010a37-99">[98]</a> The Bosnian government lobbied to have the arms embargo lifted, but that was opposed by the United Kingdom, France and Russia. U.S. proposals to pursue this policy were known as <a href="/wiki/Lift_and_strike_(Bosnia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lift and strike (Bosnia)">lift and strike</a>. The U.S. Congress passed two resolutions calling for the embargo to be lifted, but both were vetoed by President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> for fear of creating a rift between the US and the aforementioned countries. Nonetheless, the United States used both "<a href="/wiki/Black_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Black operation">black</a>" C-130 transport planes and <a href="/wiki/Back_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Back channel">back channels</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> groups, to smuggle weapons to Bosnian-Muslim forces, as well as allowed Iranian-supplied arms to transit through Croatia to Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> However, in light of widespread NATO opposition to American (and possibly Turkish) endeavors in coordinating the "black flights of <a href="/wiki/Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a>", the United Kingdom and Norway expressed disapproval of these measures and their counterproductive effects on NATO enforcement of the arms embargo.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> During 1992–1995, Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> secretly supplied the Muslim fighters with arms, ammunition and guided anti-tank missiles to give them a chance against the Serbs. Pakistan was thus defying the UN arms embargo. General <a href="/wiki/Javed_Nasir" title="Javed Nasir">Javed Nasir</a> later claimed that the ISI had airlifted anti-tank guided missiles to Bosnia, which ultimately turned the tide in favour of Bosnian Muslims and forced the Serbs to lift the siege.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In his book The Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President from 2009, historian and author <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Branch" title="Taylor Branch">Taylor Branch</a>, a friend of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, made public more than 70 recorded sessions with the president during his presidency from 1993 through 2001.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> According to a session taped on 14 October 1993, it is stated that:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Clinton said U.S. allies in Europe blocked proposals to adjust or remove the embargo. They justified their opposition on plausible humanitarian grounds, arguing that more arms would only fuel the bloodshed, but privately, said the president, key allies objected that an independent Bosnia would be "unnatural" as the only Muslim nation in Europe. He said they favored the embargo precisely because it locked in Bosnia's disadvantage. [..] When I expressed shock at such cynicism, reminiscent of the blind-eye diplomacy regarding the plight of Europe's Jews during World War II, President Clinton only shrugged. He said President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> of France had been especially blunt in saying that Bosnia did not belong, and that British officials also spoke of a painful but realistic restoration of Christian Europe. Against Britain and France, he said, German chancellor Helmut Kohl among others had supported moves to reconsider the United Nations arms embargo, failing in part because Germany did not hold a seat on the U.N. Security Council.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Taylor Branch, The Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croat">Croat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Croat">edit</a>]</div> The Croats started organizing their military forces in late 1991. On 8 April 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">Croatian Defence Council</a> (Hrvatsko vijeće obrane, HVO) was founded as the "supreme body of Croatian defence in Herzeg-Bosnia".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004262-110">[109]</a> The HVO was organised in four Operative Zones with headquarters in Mostar, Tomislavgrad, Vitez and Orašje.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200327-111">[110]</a> In February 1993, the HVO Main Staff estimated the strength of the HVO at 34,080 officers and men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200322-4">[4]</a> Its armaments included around 50 main battle tanks, mainly T-34 and T-55, and 500 various artillery weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200362–63-112">[111]</a> At the beginning of the war, the Croatian government helped arm both the Croat and Bosniak forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004266-113">[112]</a> Logistics centres were established in Zagreb and Rijeka for the recruitment of soldiers for the ARBiH.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004267-114">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Guard" title="Croatian National Guard">Croatian National Guard</a> (Zbor Narodne Garde, ZNG), later renamed officially to <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">Croatian Army</a> (Hrvatska vojska, HV) was engaged in Bosnian Posavina, Herzegovina and Western Bosnia against the Serb forces.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat-Bosniak conflict</a>, the Croatian government provided arms for the HVO and organised the sending of units of volunteers, with origins from Bosnia and Herzegovina, to the HVO.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004280–281-116">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a> (HOS), the paramilitary wing of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Party_of_Rights" title="Croatian Party of Rights">Croatian Party of Rights</a>, fought against the Serb forces together with the HVO and ARBiH. The HOS was disbanded shortly after the death of their commander <a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BE_Kraljevi%C4%87" title="Blaž Kraljević">Blaž Kraljević</a> and incorporated into the HVO and ARBiH.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200346–48-117">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serb">Serb</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Serb">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> (Vojska Republike Srpske, VRS) was established on 12 May 1992. It was loyal to <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika Srpska (1992–95)">Republika Srpska</a>, the Serbian-populated portion of Bosnia which did not wish to break away from <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Yugoslavia</a>. Bosnian Serb political leader Radovan Karadžić stated "Our optimum is a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a>, and if not that, then a Federal Yugoslavia".<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> Throughout the war, the VRS was involved in numerous military operations, many of which were marked by severe human rights violations. The most infamous of these was the Srebrenica massacre in July 1995, where more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys were killed. This event has been classified as genocide by international courts and is emblematic of the VRS's broader campaign against Bosniak civilians, which included systematic ethnic cleansing, forced displacement, and other war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-ICTYundercount-119">[118]</a> Serbia provided logistical support, money and supplies to the VRS. Bosnian Serbs had made up a substantial part of the JNA officer corps. Milošević relied on the Bosnian Serbs to win the war themselves, but most of the command chain, weaponry, and higher-ranked military personnel, including General <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a>, were from the JNA.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999102-120">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paramilitary_and_volunteers">Paramilitary and volunteers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Paramilitary and volunteers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War">Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War</a></div> Various paramilitary units operated during the Bosnian War: the Serb "<a href="/wiki/White_Eagles_(paramilitary)" title="White Eagles (paramilitary)">White Eagles</a>" (Beli Orlovi) and "<a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Volunteer Guard">Serbian Volunteer Guard</a>" (Srpska Dobrovoljačka Garda), also known as "Arkan's Tigers"; the Bosnian "<a href="/wiki/Patriotic_League_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Patriotic League (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Patriotic League</a>" (Patriotska Liga) and "<a href="/wiki/Green_Berets_(Bosnian_paramilitary)" title="Green Berets (Bosnian paramilitary)">Green Berets</a>" (Zelene Beretke); and Croat "<a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a>" (Hrvatske Obrambene Snage), etc. The Serb and Croat paramilitaries involved volunteers from Serbia and Croatia, and were supported by nationalist political parties in those countries. The war attracted foreign fighters<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-bos-122">[121]</a> and mercenaries from various countries. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons, including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. The presence of foreign fighters is well documented, however none of these groups comprised more than 5 percent of any of the respective armies' total manpower strength.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> The Bosnian Serbs received support from Christian Slavic fighters from various countries in Eastern Europe,<a href="#cite_note-thomas-124">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-niod-125">[124]</a> including volunteers from other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox Christian</a> countries. These included hundreds of Russians,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996333-126">[125]</a> around 100 Greeks,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoknar2003-127">[126]</a> and some Ukrainians and Romanians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoknar2003-127">[126]</a> Some estimate as many as 1,000 such volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> volunteers of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Volunteer_Guard" title="Greek Volunteer Guard">Greek Volunteer Guard</a> were reported to have taken part in the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Srebrenica Massacre">Srebrenica Massacre</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Greek_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek flag">Greek flag</a> being hoisted in Srebrenica when the town fell to the Serbs.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Some individuals from other European countries volunteered to fight for the Croat side, including <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazis</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Arkl%C3%B6v" title="Jackie Arklöv">Jackie Arklöv</a>, who was charged with war crimes upon his return to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. Later he confessed he committed <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the <a href="/wiki/Heliodrom_camp" title="Heliodrom camp">Heliodrom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dretelj_camp" title="Dretelj camp">Dretelj camps</a> as a member of Croatian forces.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> The Bosnians received support from Muslim groups. Pakistan supported Bosnia while providing technical and military support.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> (ISI) allegedly ran an active <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence_activities_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina">military intelligence</a> program during the Bosnian War which started in 1992 lasting until 1995. Executed and supervised by Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Javed_Nasir" title="Javed Nasir">Javed Nasir</a>, the program provided logistics and ammunition supplies to various groups of <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_mujahideen" title="Bosnian mujahideen">Bosnian mujahideen</a> during the war. The ISI Bosnian contingent was organised with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_foreign_assistance" title="Saudi foreign assistance">financial assistance provided by Saudi Arabia</a>, according to the British historian <a href="/wiki/Mark_Curtis_(British_author)" title="Mark Curtis (British author)">Mark Curtis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Profile-133">[132]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, Saudi Arabia provided $300 million in weapons to government forces in Bosnia with the knowledge and tacit cooperation of the United States, a claim denied by US officials.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> Foreign Muslim fighters also joined the ranks of the Bosnian Muslims, including from the Lebanese guerrilla organisation <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Fisk-135">[134]</a> and the global organization <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Atwan-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Prelude">edit</a>]</div> From July 1991 to January 1992, during the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>, the JNA and Serb paramilitaries used Bosnian territory to mount attacks on Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004252-141">[140]</a> The JNA armed Bosnian Serbs, and the Croatian Defence Force armed Herzegovinian Croats during the war in Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199974-142">[141]</a> The Bosnian Muslim Green Berets were already established in the autumn of 1991, and drew up a defense plan in February 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199974-142">[141]</a> It was estimated that 250–300,000 Bosnians were armed, and that some 10,000 were fighting in Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199975-143">[142]</a> By March 1992, perhaps three-quarters of the country were claimed by Serb and Croat nationalists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199975-143">[142]</a> On 4 April 1992, Izetbegović ordered all reservists and police in Sarajevo to mobilise, and SDS called for evacuation of the city's Serbs, marking the "definite rupture between the Bosnian government and Serbs".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999129-144">[143]</a> Bosnia and Herzegovina received international recognition on 6 April 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose2009124-32">[31]</a> The most common view is that the war started that day.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course_of_the_war">Course of the war</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Course of the war">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992">1992</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1992">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prijedor_ethnic_cleansing" title="Prijedor ethnic cleansing">Prijedor ethnic cleansing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Operation Vrbas '92</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Operation Corridor 92</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bijeljina_massacre" title="Bijeljina massacre">Bijeljina massacre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%C5%BDepa" title="Siege of Žepa">Siege of Žepa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evstafiev-bosnia-SARAJEVO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Evstafiev-bosnia-SARAJEVO.jpg/220px-Evstafiev-bosnia-SARAJEVO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Evstafiev-bosnia-SARAJEVO.jpg/330px-Evstafiev-bosnia-SARAJEVO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Evstafiev-bosnia-SARAJEVO.jpg/440px-Evstafiev-bosnia-SARAJEVO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>A victim of a mortar attack delivered to a <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> hospital in 1992</figcaption></figure> The war in Bosnia escalated in April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002136-146">[145]</a> On 3 April, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Battle of Kupres</a> began between the JNA and a combined HV-HVO force that ended in a JNA victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b355–356-147">[146]</a> On 6 April, Serb forces began shelling <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, and in the next two days crossed the <a href="/wiki/Drina" title="Drina">Drina</a> from <a href="/wiki/Serbia_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbia proper">Serbia proper</a> and besieged Muslim-majority <a href="/wiki/Zvornik" title="Zvornik">Zvornik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Višegrad">Višegrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da" title="Foča">Foča</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999129-144">[143]</a> After the capture of Zvornik, Bosnian Serb troops killed several hundred Muslims and forced tens of thousands to flee.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> All of Bosnia was engulfed in war by mid-April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999129-144">[143]</a> On 23 April, the JNA evacuated its personnel by helicopter from the barracks in <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Capljina" title="Čapljina">Čapljina</a>,<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> which had been blockaded since 4 March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b262-150">[149]</a> There were efforts to halt violence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999129–131-151">[150]</a> On 27 April, the Bosnian government ordered the JNA to be put under civilian control or expelled, which was followed by conflicts in early May between the two.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999131-152">[151]</a> Prijedor was taken over by Serbs on 30 April.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> On 2 May, the Green Berets and local gang members fought back a disorganised Serb attack aimed at cutting Sarajevo in two.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999131-152">[151]</a> On 3 May, Izetbegović was kidnapped at the Sarajevo airport by JNA officers, and used to gain safe passage of JNA troops from downtown Sarajevo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999131-152">[151]</a> However, Bosnian forces <a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo">attacked the departing JNA convoy</a>, which embittered all sides.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999131-152">[151]</a> A ceasefire and agreement on evacuation of the JNA was signed on 18 May, and on 20 May the Bosnian presidency declared the JNA an occupation force.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999131-152">[151]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> was newly established and put under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a>, in a new phase of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999131-152">[151]</a> Shellings on Sarajevo on 24, 26, 28 and 29 May were attributed to Mladić by UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali" title="Boutros Boutros-Ghali">Boutros Boutros-Ghali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999132-154">[153]</a> Civilian casualties of a 27 May shelling led to Western intervention, in the form of sanctions imposed on 30 May through <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_757" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 757">United Nations Security Council Resolution 757</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999132-154">[153]</a> Bosnian forces attacked JNA barracks in the city, which was followed by heavy shelling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999132-154">[153]</a> On 5 and 6 June the last JNA personnel left the city during street fighting and shelling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999132-154">[153]</a> The 20 June ceasefire, executed in order for UN takeover of the Sarajevo airport for humanitarian flights, was broken as both sides battled for the territory between the city and airport.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999132-154">[153]</a> The airport crisis led to Boutros-Ghali's ultimatum on 26 June, that the Serbs stop attacks on the city, allow the UN to take the airport, and place their heavy weapons under UN supervision.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999132-154">[153]</a> Meanwhile, media reported that Bush considered the use of force in Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999132-154">[153]</a> World public opinion was "decisively and permanently against the Serbs" following media reports on the sniping and shelling of Sarajevo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goran_Jelisi%C4%87_committing_murder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Goran_Jelisi%C4%87_committing_murder.jpg/180px-Goran_Jelisi%C4%87_committing_murder.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Goran_Jelisi%C4%87_committing_murder.jpg/270px-Goran_Jelisi%C4%87_committing_murder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Goran_Jelisi%C4%87_committing_murder.jpg/360px-Goran_Jelisi%C4%87_committing_murder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Goran_Jelisi%C4%87" title="Goran Jelisić">Goran Jelisić</a> shooting a Bosniak in <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a> in 1992</figcaption></figure> Outside of Sarajevo, the combatants' successes varied greatly in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> Serbs had seized Muslim-majority cities along the Drina and Sava rivers and expelled their Muslim population within months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> A joint Bosnian–HVO offensive in May, having taken advantage of the confusion following JNA withdrawal, reversed Serb advances into <a href="/wiki/Posavina" title="Posavina">Posavina</a> and central Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> The offensive continued southwards, besieging Doboj, thereby cutting off Serb forces in <a href="/wiki/Bosanska_Krajina" title="Bosanska Krajina">Bosanska Krajina</a> from <a href="/wiki/Semberija" title="Semberija">Semberija</a> and Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> In mid-May, Srebrenica was retaken by Bosnian forces under <a href="/wiki/Naser_Ori%C4%87" title="Naser Orić">Naser Orić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> Serb forces suffered a costly defeat in eastern Bosnia in May, when according to Serbian accounts Avdo Palić's force was ambushed near Srebrenica, killing 400.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> From May to August, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gora%C5%BEde" title="Siege of Goražde">Goražde was besieged</a> by the VRS, until the siege was broken by the ARBiH on 1 September.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> In April 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">Croatian Defence Council</a> (HVO) entered Orašje and, according to Croatian sources, began a campaign of harassment against Serb civilians, including torture, rape and murder.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> On 15 May 1992, <a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Tuzla" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Tuzla">a JNA column was ambushed in Tuzla</a>. 92nd Motorised JNA Brigade received orders to leave Tuzla and Bosnia-Herzegovina, and enter Serbia. An agreement was made with the Bosnian government that JNA units would be allowed until 19 May to leave Bosnia peacefully. Despite the agreement, the convoy was attacked in Tuzla's Brčanska Malta district with rifles and rocket launchers; mines were placed along its route. 52 JNA soldiers were killed and over 40 were wounded, most ethnic Serbs.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manja%C4%8Da_Camp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Manja%C4%8Da_Camp.jpg/220px-Manja%C4%8Da_Camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Manja%C4%8Da_Camp.jpg/330px-Manja%C4%8Da_Camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Manja%C4%8Da_Camp.jpg/440px-Manja%C4%8Da_Camp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Bosniak civilian detainees mainly from the <a href="/wiki/Prijedor" title="Prijedor">Prijedor</a> region, in <a href="/wiki/Manja%C4%8Da_camp" title="Manjača camp">Manjača camp</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> was admitted as a member state of the UN on 22 May 1992.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> World public opinion was shaken by the existence of concentration camps established by the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (JNA) and the authorities of <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> (RS), where thousands of Bosnian Muslims and Croat civilians were tortured, and killed.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Prijedor_ethnic_cleansing" title="Prijedor ethnic cleansing">occupation of the Prijedor</a> region, Muslim civilians were captured and transported to camps such as <a href="/wiki/Omarska_camp" title="Omarska camp">Omarska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trnopolje_camp" title="Trnopolje camp">Trnopolje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keraterm_camp" title="Keraterm camp">Keraterm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manja%C4%8Da_camp" title="Manjača camp">Manjača</a>, where they endured months of inhumane treatment and torture.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> A significant number were killed or disappeared, marking the gravest crime in the war until the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica genocide</a> 3 years later.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> Other camps for non-Serbs were established throughout Bosnia in the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">campaign of ethnic cleansing</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Luka_camp" title="Luka camp">Luka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liplje_camp" title="Liplje camp">Liplje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batkovi%C4%87_camp" title="Batković camp">Batković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su%C5%A1ica_camp" title="Sušica camp">Sušica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzamnica_camp" title="Uzamnica camp">Uzamnica</a>,<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> as well as camps for the rape of women in <a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da_ethnic_cleansing" title="Foča ethnic cleansing">Foča</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vilina_Vlas" title="Vilina Vlas">Višegrad</a>. Bosniaks and Croats set up camps, with significantly fewer prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> The ICTY convicted about 20 individuals for crimes in these camps.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp_model.jpg/220px-%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp_model.jpg/330px-%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp_model.jpg/440px-%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Model of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp" title="Čelebići camp">Čelebići camp</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Konjic" title="Konjic">Konjic</a>, presented as evidence in the Mucić et al. trial</figcaption></figure> From May to December 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Ministry_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Ministry of the Interior">Bosnian Ministry of the Interior</a> (BiH MUP), HVO and later the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defence_Force_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Territorial Defence Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Territorial Defence Forces</a> (TO RBiH) operated the <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp" title="Čelebići camp">Čelebići camp</a>. It was used to detain Bosnian Serb <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>, many were elderly, arrested during operations intended to de-block routes to Sarajevo and <a href="/wiki/Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a> in May 1992 which had earlier been blocked by Serb forces.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> Of the 700 prisoners, at least 13 died while in captivity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENettelfield2010a174-178">[177]</a> Detainees were subjected to torture, sexual assaults, beatings and other cruel and inhuman treatment. Certain prisoners were shot, or beaten to death.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> On 6 May 1992, Mate Boban met with Radovan Karadžić in <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, where they reached <a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">an agreement</a> for a ceasefire and discussed a demarcation between a Croat and Serb territorial unit, in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrišto201149–50-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> However, the ceasefire was broken the following day, when the JNA and Bosnian Serb forces mounted an attack on Croat-held positions in Mostar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002156-183">[182]</a> In June 1992, Bosnian Serb forces attacked and pounded the Bosnian village of Žepa, which would lead to the 3-year long <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%C5%BDepa" title="Siege of Žepa">siege of Žepa</a>. By June 1992, refugees and internally displaced persons had reached 2.6 million.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> By September 1992, Croatia had accepted 335,985 refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly Bosniak civilians (excluding men of military age).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter19933–4-185">[184]</a> The number of refugees significantly strained the Croatian economy and infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-BosnianRefugees-1992-186">[185]</a> Then-U.S. Ambassador to Croatia, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Galbraith" title="Peter Galbraith">Peter Galbraith</a>, put the number of refugees in Croatia into a proper perspective in an interview on 8 November 1993. He said the situation would be the equivalent of the US taking in 30,000,000 refugees.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> The number of Bosnian refugees in Croatia, was surpassed only by the number of the internally displaced persons within Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, at 588,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter19933–4-185">[184]</a> Serbia took in 252,130 refugees from Bosnia, while other former Yugoslav republics received a total of 148,657 people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter19933–4-185">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_10_-_Bosnia_-_Posavina_Corridor_-_June-July_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Map_10_-_Bosnia_-_Posavina_Corridor_-_June-July_1992.jpg/220px-Map_10_-_Bosnia_-_Posavina_Corridor_-_June-July_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Map_10_-_Bosnia_-_Posavina_Corridor_-_June-July_1992.jpg/330px-Map_10_-_Bosnia_-_Posavina_Corridor_-_June-July_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Map_10_-_Bosnia_-_Posavina_Corridor_-_June-July_1992.jpg/440px-Map_10_-_Bosnia_-_Posavina_Corridor_-_June-July_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="1293" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Operation Corridor 92</a>, fought between the VRS and the HV-HVO</figcaption></figure> In June 1992, the Bosnian Serbs started <a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Operation Corridor</a> in northern Bosnia against HV–HVO forces, to secure an open road between Belgrade, Banja Luka, and Knin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001287-188">[187]</a> The reported deaths of 12 newborn babies in Banja Luka hospital due to a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen">bottled oxygen</a> for <a href="/wiki/Incubator_(neonatal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Incubator (neonatal)">incubators</a> was cited as an immediate cause for the action,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVečernje_novosti16_June_2011-189">[188]</a> but the veracity of these deaths has been questioned. Borisav Jović, a contemporary high-ranking Serbian official and member of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="Presidency of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav Presidency</a>, has claimed the report was <a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_Yugoslav_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the Yugoslav Wars">propaganda</a>, stating that Banja Luka had 2 bottled oxygen production plants in its immediate vicinity and was self-reliant in that respect.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVreme23_January_1999-190">[189]</a> Operation Corridor began on 14 June 1992, when the <a href="/wiki/16th_Krajina_Motorized_Brigade" title="16th Krajina Motorized Brigade">16th Krajina Motorized Brigade</a> of the VRS, aided by a VRS tank company from <a href="/wiki/Doboj" title="Doboj">Doboj</a>, began the offensive near <a href="/wiki/Derventa" title="Derventa">Derventa</a>. The VRS captured <a href="/wiki/Modri%C4%8Da" title="Modriča">Modriča</a> on 28 June, <a href="/wiki/Derventa" title="Derventa">Derventa</a> on 4–5 July, and <a href="/wiki/Od%C5%BEak" title="Odžak">Odžak</a> on 12 July. The HV–HVO forces were reduced to isolated positions around <a href="/wiki/Brod,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosanski Brod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ora%C5%A1je,_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orašje, Bosnia">Orašje</a>, which held out during August and September. The VRS managed to break through their lines in early October and capture Bosanski Brod. Most remaining Croat forces withdrew north to Croatia. The HV–HVO continued to hold the Orašje enclave and were able to repel an VRS attack in November.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b315–318-191">[190]</a> On 21 June 1992, Bosniak forces entered the Bosnian Serb village of Ratkovići near Srebrenica and murdered 24 Serb civilians.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> In June 1992, the UNPROFOR, originally deployed in Croatia, had its mandate extended into Bosnia and Herzegovina, initially to protect the Sarajevo International Airport.<a href="#cite_note-:2-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> In September, the role of UNPROFOR was expanded to protect humanitarian aid and assist relief delivery in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to help protect civilian refugees when required by the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">Red Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> On 4 August 1992, the IV Knight Motorised Brigade of the ARBiH attempted to break through the circle surrounding Sarajevo, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hrasnica_(1992)" title="Battle of Hrasnica (1992)">and a fierce battle ensued between the ARBiH and the VRS in and around the damaged FAMOS factory</a> in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Hrasnica_(Ilid%C5%BEa)" title="Hrasnica (Ilidža)">Hrasnica</a>. The VRS repelled the attack, but failed to take Hrasnica in a decisive counterattack.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> On 12 August 1992, the name of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was changed to Republika Srpska (RS).<a href="#cite_note-sim.law.uu.nl-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> By November 1992, 1,000 square kilometres (400 sq mi) of eastern Bosnia was under Muslim control.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999133-155">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Croat–Bosniak_relations_in_late_1992">Croat–Bosniak relations in late 1992</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Croat–Bosniak relations in late 1992">edit</a>]</div> The Croat–Bosniak alliance, formed at the beginning of the war, was often not harmonious.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012154-2">[2]</a> The existence of two parallel commands caused problems in coordinating the two armies against the VRS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004272-198">[197]</a> An attempt to create a joint HVO and TO military headquarters in mid-April failed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200366-199">[198]</a> On 21 July 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Friendship_and_Cooperation_between_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_and_Croatia" title="Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia">Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation</a> was signed by Tuđman and Izetbegović, establishing a military cooperation between the two armies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrišto201150-200">[199]</a> At a session held on 6 August, the Bosnian Presidency accepted HVO as an integral part of the Bosnian armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004270-201">[200]</a> Despite these attempts, tensions steadily increased throughout the second half of 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200366-199">[198]</a> An armed conflict occurred in Busovača in early May and another one on 13 June. On 19 June, a conflict between the units of the TO on one side, and HVO and HOS units on the other side broke out in Novi Travnik. Incidents were also recorded in Konjic in July, and in Kiseljak and the Croat settlement of Stup in Sarajevo during August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004276–277-202">[201]</a> On 14 September, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared the proclamation of Herzeg-Bosnia unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrlic_et_al.2013150-203">[202]</a> On 18 October, a dispute over a petrol station near <a href="/wiki/Novi_Travnik" title="Novi Travnik">Novi Travnik</a> that was shared by both armies escalated into armed conflict in the town centre. The situation worsened after HVO Commander Ivica Stojak was killed near Travnik on 20 October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200368-204">[203]</a> On the same day, fighting escalated on an ARBiH roadblock set on the main road through the Lašva Valley. Spontaneous clashes spread throughout the region and resulted in almost 50 casualties until a ceasefire was negotiated by the UNPROFOR on 21 October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200369-205">[204]</a> On 23 October, a major battle between the ARBiH and the HVO started in the town of <a href="/wiki/Prozor,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Prozor, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Prozor</a> in northern Herzegovina and resulted in an HVO victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004277-206">[205]</a> On 29 October, the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">VRS captured Jajce</a>. The town was defended by both the HVO and the ARBiH, but the lack of cooperation, as well as an advantage in troop size and firepower for the VRS, led to the fall of the town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002148-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader20033-208">[207]</a> Croat refugees from Jajce fled to Herzegovina and Croatia, while around 20,000 Bosniak refugees settled in Travnik, Novi Travnik, Vitez, Busovača, and villages near Zenica.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader20033-208">[207]</a> Despite the October confrontations, and with each side blaming the other for the fall of Jajce, there were no large-scale clashes and a general military alliance was still in effect.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm1995327-209">[208]</a> Tuđman and Izetbegović met in Zagreb on 1 November 1992 and agreed to establish a Joint Command of HVO and ARBiH.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004271-210">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993">1993</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1993">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Neretva_%2793" title="Operation Neretva '93">Operation Neretva '93</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inter-Bosnian_Muslim_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-Bosnian Muslim War">Inter-Bosnian Muslim War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Siege of Mostar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Operation Deny Flight</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan.png/220px-Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan.png/330px-Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan.png/440px-Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>First version of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Vance-Owen_plan" title="Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War">Vance-Owen plan</a>, which would have established 10 provinces <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniak</a> province</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Croat</a> province</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Serb</a> province</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> district</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Present-day administrative borders</div></figcaption></figure> On 7 January 1993, Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a>, 8th Operational Unit Srebrenica, a unit of the ARBiH under the command of <a href="/wiki/Naser_Ori%C4%87" title="Naser Orić">Naser Orić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kravica_attack_(1993)" title="Kravica attack (1993)">attacked the village of Kravica</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bratunac" title="Bratunac">Bratunac</a>. 46 Serbs died in the attack: 35 soldiers and 11 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-Bratunac:_Parastos_ubijenim_Srbima-211">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrw-oric-212">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myth_of_Bratunac-213">[212]</a> 119 Serb civilians and 424 Serb soldiers died in <a href="/wiki/Bratunac" title="Bratunac">Bratunac</a> during the war.<a href="#cite_note-Myth_of_Bratunac-213">[212]</a> Republika Srpska claimed that the ARBiH forces torched Serb homes and massacred civilians. However, this could not be verified during the ICTY trials, which concluded that many homes were already destroyed and that the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Srebrenica" title="Siege of Srebrenica">siege of Srebrenica</a> caused hunger, forcing Bosniaks to attack nearby Serb villages to acquire food to survive. In 2006, Orić was found guilty by the ICTY on the charges of not preventing murder of Serbs, but was acquitted of all charges on appeal.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> On 8 January 1993, Serb forces killed the deputy prime minister of the RBiH <a href="/wiki/Hakija_Turajli%C4%87" title="Hakija Turajlić">Hakija Turajlić</a> after stopping the UN convoy transporting him from the airport.<a href="#cite_note-lebor35-215">[214]</a> On 16 January 1993, soldiers of the ARBiH <a href="/wiki/Skelani_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Skelani massacre">attacked the Bosnian Serb village of Skelani</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica" title="Srebrenica">Srebrenica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-216">[215]</a> 69 people were killed, 185 were wounded.<a href="#cite_note-auto-216">[215]</a> Among the victims were 6 children.<a href="#cite_note-novosti.rs-217">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_offered_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War">Peace plans</a> were proposed by the UN, US and European Community (EC), but they had little impact on the war. These included the <a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_offered_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Vance-Owen_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War">Vance-Owen Peace Plan</a>, revealed in January 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200313-218">[217]</a> The plan was presented by UN Special Envoy <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a> and EC representative <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a>. It envisioned Bosnia and Herzegovina as a decentralised state with ten autonomous provinces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001288-219">[218]</a> On 22 February 1993, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_808" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 808">Resolution 808</a> "that an international tribunal shall be established for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller199742-220">[219]</a> On 15–16 May, the Vance-Owen peace plan was <a href="/wiki/1993_Republika_Srpska_Vance-Owen_Peace_Plan_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 Republika Srpska Vance-Owen Peace Plan referendum">rejected in a referendum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup2015249-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> The peace plan was viewed by some as one of the factors leading to the escalation of the Croat–Bosniak conflict in central Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader20034-223">[222]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oven_stoltenberg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Oven_stoltenberg.png/220px-Oven_stoltenberg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Oven_stoltenberg.png/330px-Oven_stoltenberg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Oven_stoltenberg.png/440px-Oven_stoltenberg.png 2x" data-file-width="1809" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption>Owen–Stoltenberg plan</figcaption></figure> On 31 March 1993, the Security Council issued <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_816" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 816">Resolution 816</a>, calling on member states to enforce a no-fly zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller199733-224">[223]</a> On 12 April 1993, NATO commenced <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Operation Deny Flight</a> to enforce this no-fly zone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b402-225">[224]</a> On 25 May 1993 the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (ICTY) was formally established by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_827" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 827">United Nations Security Council Resolution 827</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller199742-220">[219]</a> In late July, representatives of Bosnia's three warring factions entered into a new round of negotiations. On 20 August, UN mediators <a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stoltenberg" title="Thorvald Stoltenberg">Thorvald Stoltenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a>, showed a map that would set the stage for Bosnia to be partitioned into 3 ethnic states. Bosnian-Serbs would be given 52% of Bosnia's territory, Muslims 30% and Bosnian-Croats 18%. Alija Izetbegović rejected the plan on 29 August. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outbreak_of_the_Croat–Bosniak_War">Outbreak of the Croat–Bosniak War</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Outbreak of the Croat–Bosniak War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitez_massacre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vitez_massacre.jpg/220px-Vitez_massacre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vitez_massacre.jpg/330px-Vitez_massacre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vitez_massacre.jpg/440px-Vitez_massacre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Bodies of Croats killed in April 1993 around <a href="/wiki/Vitez" title="Vitez">Vitez</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novi_travnik_u_ratu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Novi_travnik_u_ratu.jpg/180px-Novi_travnik_u_ratu.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Novi_travnik_u_ratu.jpg/270px-Novi_travnik_u_ratu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Novi_travnik_u_ratu.jpg/360px-Novi_travnik_u_ratu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Novi_Travnik" title="Novi Travnik">Novi Travnik</a> in 1993, during the <a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a></figcaption></figure> Much of 1993 was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004271-210">[209]</a> In early January, the HVO and the ARBiH clashed in <a href="/wiki/Gornji_Vakuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gornji Vakuf">Gornji Vakuf</a> in central Bosnia. A temporary ceasefire was reached after days of fighting, with UNPROFOR mediation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200374–75-226">[225]</a> The war spread from Gornji Vakuf into <a href="/wiki/Busova%C4%8Da" title="Busovača">Busovača</a> in the second half of January.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004279-227">[226]</a> Busovača was the main intersection point of the lines of communication in the <a href="/wiki/La%C5%A1va_Valley" title="Lašva Valley">Lašva Valley</a>. By 26 January, the ARBiH seized control of villages in the area, including <a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%87uni" title="Kaćuni">Kaćuni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilalovac" title="Bilalovac">Bilalovac</a> on the Busovača–Kiseljak road, thus isolating Kiseljak from Busovača. In the Kiseljak area, the ARBiH secured the villages northeast of the town of Kiseljak, but most of the municipality and the town itself remained in HVO control.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200375–77-228">[227]</a> On 26 January, six POWs and a Serb civilian were killed by the ARBiH in the village of Dusina, north of Busovača.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadžihasanović_&_Kubura_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20065-229">[228]</a> The fighting in Busovača also led to Bosniak civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKordić_&_Čerkez_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement20047-230">[229]</a> On 30 January, ARBiH and HVO leaders met in <a href="/wiki/Vitez" title="Vitez">Vitez</a>, together with representatives from UNPROFOR and other foreign observers, and signed a ceasefire in the area of central Bosnia, which came into effect the following day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200378-231">[230]</a> The situation was still tense so <a href="/wiki/Enver_Had%C5%BEihasanovi%C4%87" title="Enver Hadžihasanović">Enver Hadžihasanović</a>, commander of ARBiH's <a href="/wiki/3rd_Corps_of_the_Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">3rd Corps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tihomir_Bla%C5%A1ki%C4%87" title="Tihomir Blaškić">Tihomir Blaškić</a>, commander of HVO's Operative Zone Central Bosnia, had a meeting on 13 February where a joint ARBiH-HVO commission was formed to resolve incidents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200380-232">[231]</a> The January ceasefire in central Bosnia held through to early April, despite minor incidents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200382-233">[232]</a> The Croats attributed the escalation of the conflict to the increased Islamic policy of the Bosniaks, while Bosniaks accused the Croat side of separatism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012172-15">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_Bosnia">Central Bosnia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Central Bosnia">edit</a>]</div> The beginning of April was marked by incidents in central Bosnia between Bosniak and Croat civilians and soldiers, including assaults, murders and armed confrontations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200386-234">[233]</a> The most serious were the kidnapping of four members of the HVO outside <a href="/wiki/Novi_Travnik" title="Novi Travnik">Novi Travnik</a>, and of HVO commander Živko Totić near Zenica by the mujahideen. The ARBiH representatives denied any involvement and a joint ARBiH-HVO commission was formed to investigate. The HVO personnel were subsequently exchanged in May for POWs that were arrested by the HVO.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200387–89-235">[234]</a> The April incidents escalated into an armed conflict on 15 April in the area of Vitez, Busovača, Kiseljak and Zenica. The outnumbered HVO in the Zenica municipality was quickly defeated, followed by an exodus of Croat civilians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003115–117-236">[235]</a> In the Busovača municipality, the ARBiH gained some ground and inflicted heavy casualties on the HVO, but the HVO held the town of Busovača and the Kaonik intersection between Busovača and Vitez.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003110-237">[236]</a> The ARBiH failed to cut the HVO held Kiseljak enclave into smaller parts and isolate the town of Fojnica from Kiseljak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003115-238">[237]</a> Many Bosniak civilians were detained or forced to leave Kiseljak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002193-239">[238]</a> In the Vitez area, Blaškić used his limited forces to carry out spoiling attacks on the ARBiH, thus preventing the ARBiH from cutting of the Travnik–Busovača road and seizing the SPS explosives factory in Vitez.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200391–92-240">[239]</a> On 16 April, the HVO launched a spoiling attack on Ahmići, east of Vitez. After the attacking units breached the ARBiH lines and entered the village, groups of irregular HVO units went from house to house, burning them and killing civilians. When Croat forces arrived in Ahmići, they left all Croats alone,<a href="#cite_note-:1-241">[240]</a> and massacred the Muslims who could not flee in time.<a href="#cite_note-:1-241">[240]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ahmi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Ahmići massacre">Ahmići massacre</a> resulted in more than 100 killed Bosniak civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:1-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200393–94-242">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaškić_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement20048–9-243">[242]</a> The massacre was discovered by UN peacekeeping troops of the 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Regiment" title="Cheshire Regiment">Cheshire Regiment</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> drawn from the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, under the command of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Bob_Stewart_(British_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Stewart (British Army officer)">Bob Stewart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> The Bosnian Government made a monument dedicated to all 116 victims.<a href="#cite_note-:1-241">[240]</a> Elsewhere in the area, the HVO blocked the ARBiH forces in the Stari Vitez quarter of Vitez and prevented an ARBiH advance south of the town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003100-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-249">[248]</a> On 24 April, mujahideen forces attacked the <a href="/wiki/Mileti%C4%87i" title="Miletići">Miletići</a> northeast of Travnik and killed four Croat civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:3-249">[248]</a> The rest of the captured civilians were taken to the Poljanice camp.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadžihasanović_&_Kubura_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20065-229">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-249">[248]</a> However, the conflict did not spread to Travnik and Novi Travnik, though the HVO and the ARBiH brought in reinforcements from this area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003119–120-250">[249]</a> On 25 April, Izetbegović and Boban signed a ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997618-251">[250]</a> ARBiH Chief of Staff, <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Halilovi%C4%87" title="Sefer Halilović">Sefer Halilović</a>, and HVO Chief of Staff, <a href="/wiki/Milivoj_Petkovi%C4%87" title="Milivoj Petković">Milivoj Petković</a>, met on a weekly basis to solve issues and implement the ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003125-252">[251]</a> However, the truce was not respected on the ground and the HVO and ARBiH forces were still engaged in the Busovača area until 30 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003110-237">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Herzegovina">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_photo_of_Mostar,_1996.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aerial_photo_of_Mostar%2C_1996.JPEG/220px-Aerial_photo_of_Mostar%2C_1996.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aerial_photo_of_Mostar%2C_1996.JPEG/330px-Aerial_photo_of_Mostar%2C_1996.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aerial_photo_of_Mostar%2C_1996.JPEG/440px-Aerial_photo_of_Mostar%2C_1996.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photo of destroyed buildings in <a href="/wiki/Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a></figcaption></figure> The Croat–Bosniak War spread from central Bosnia to northern Herzegovina on 14 April with an ARBiH attack on a HVO-held village outside of <a href="/wiki/Konjic" title="Konjic">Konjic</a>. The HVO responded, capturing 3 villages northeast of <a href="/wiki/Jablanica,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Jablanica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b433–434-253">[252]</a> On 16 April, 15 Croat civilians and 7 POWs were killed by the ARBiH in the village of <a href="/wiki/Trusina_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Trusina killings">Trusina</a>, north of Jablanica.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> The battles of Konjic and Jablanica lasted until May, with the ARBiH taking control of both towns and nearby villages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b433–434-253">[252]</a> By mid-April, Mostar had become a divided city with the majority-Croat western part dominated by the HVO, and the majority-Bosniak eastern part dominated by the ARBiH. The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Battle of Mostar</a> began on 9 May when both the east and west parts of the city came under artillery fire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012157–158-255">[254]</a> Street battles followed, despite a ceasefire signed on 13 May by Milivoj Petković and Sefer Halilović, until 21 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002194-256">[255]</a> The HVO established prison camps in <a href="/wiki/Dretelj_camp" title="Dretelj camp">Dretelj</a> near Čapljina and in <a href="/wiki/Heliodrom_camp" title="Heliodrom camp">Heliodrom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001290-257">[256]</a> while the ARBiH formed prison camps in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potoci_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potoci camp (page does not exist)">Potoci</a> and in a school in eastern Mostar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆurić_Enes_et_al.2015-258">[257]</a> The battle was renewed on 30 June. The ARBiH secured the northern approaches to Mostar and the east of the city, but their advance to the south was repelled by the HVO.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002200-259">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="June–July_Offensives">June–July Offensives</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: June–July Offensives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La%C5%A1vanska_dolina_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/La%C5%A1vanska_dolina_1993.jpg/220px-La%C5%A1vanska_dolina_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/La%C5%A1vanska_dolina_1993.jpg/330px-La%C5%A1vanska_dolina_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/La%C5%A1vanska_dolina_1993.jpg/440px-La%C5%A1vanska_dolina_1993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>The front lines in the Lašva Valley in 1993 between the ARBiH and the HVO, including <a href="/wiki/Novi_Travnik" title="Novi Travnik">Novi Travnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitez" title="Vitez">Vitez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Busova%C4%8Da" title="Busovača">Busovača</a></figcaption></figure> In the first week of June, the ARBiH attacked the HVO headquarters in Travnik and HVO units positioned on the front lines against the VRS. After three days of street fighting the outnumbered HVO forces were defeated, with thousands of Croat civilians and soldiers fleeing to nearby Serb-held territory as they were cut off from HVO-held positions. The ARBiH offensive continued east of Travnik to secure the road to Zenica, which was achieved by 14 June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002195–196-260">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003131–132-261">[260]</a> On 8 June, 24 Croat civilians and POWs were killed by the mujahideen near the village of Bikoši.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20083-262">[261]</a> A similar development took place in Novi Travnik. On 9 June, the ARBiH attacked HVO units positioned east of the town, facing the VRS in Donji Vakuf, and the next day fighting followed in Novi Travnik.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003133-263">[262]</a> By 15 June, the ARBiH secured the area northwest of the town, while the HVO kept the northeast part of the municipality and the town of Novi Travnik. The battle continued into July with only minor changes on the front lines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003134-264">[263]</a> The HVO in the town of Kakanj was overran in mid June and around 13–15,000 Croat refugees fled to Kiseljak and Vareš.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003137-265">[264]</a> In the Kiseljak enclave, the HVO held off an attack on <a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1evo" title="Kreševo">Kreševo</a>, but lost Fojnica on 3 July.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b425-266">[265]</a> On 24 June, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BDep%C4%8De" title="Battle of Žepče">Battle of Žepče</a> began that ended with an ARBiH defeat on 30 June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002196–197-267">[266]</a> In late July the ARBiH <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bugojno" title="Battle of Bugojno">seized control of Bugojno</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003137-265">[264]</a> leading to the departure of 15,000 Croats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001290-257">[256]</a> A prison camp was established in the football stadium, where around 800 Croats were sent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchindler2007100-268">[267]</a> At the beginning of September, the ARBiH launched an operation known as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Neretva_%2793" title="Operation Neretva '93">Operation Neretva '93</a> against the HVO in Herzegovina and central Bosnia, on a 200 km long front. It was one of their largest offensives in 1993. The ARBiH expanded its territory west of Jablanica and secured the road to eastern Mostar, while the HVO kept the area of Prozor and secured its forces rear in western Mostar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002202–204-269">[268]</a> During the night of 8/9 September, at least 13 Croat civilians were killed by the ARBiH in the <a href="/wiki/Grabovica_massacre" title="Grabovica massacre">Grabovica massacre</a>. 29 Croat civilians and one <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POW</a> were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Uzdol_massacre" title="Uzdol massacre">Uzdol massacre</a> on 14 September.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalilović_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20053–4-270">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002203-271">[270]</a> On 23 October, 37 Bosniaks were killed by the HVO in the <a href="/wiki/Stupni_Do_massacre" title="Stupni Do massacre">Stupni Do massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajić_Judgement_Summary20062-272">[271]</a> It was used as an excuse for an ARBiH attack on the HVO-held Vareš enclave at the beginning of November. Croat civilians and soldiers abandoned Vareš on 3 November and fled to Kiseljak. The ARBiH entered Vareš on the following day, which was looted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003157-273">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="May–June_1993_UN_Safe_Areas_extension">May–June 1993 UN Safe Areas extension</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: May–June 1993 UN Safe Areas extension">edit</a>]</div> In an attempt to protect civilians, the role of UNPROFOR was extended in May 1993 to protect the "safe havens" the UN Security Council had declared around Sarajevo, <a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica" title="Srebrenica">Srebrenica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDepa" title="Žepa">Žepa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_824" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 824">Resolution 824</a> of 6 May 1993.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> On 4 June 1993 the UN Security Council passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_836" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 836">Resolution 836</a> authorising use of force by UNPROFOR in the protection of the safe zones.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a> On 15 June 1993, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sharp_Guard" title="Operation Sharp Guard">Operation Sharp Guard</a>, a naval blockade in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> by NATO and the <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a>, began and continued until it was lifted in June 1996 on termination of the UN arms embargo.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a> The HVO and the ARBiH continued to fight side by side against the VRS in some areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the Bihać pocket, Bosnian Posavina and the Tešanj area. Despite some animosity, an HVO brigade of around 1,500 soldiers fought along with the ARBiH in Sarajevo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012161–162-276">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002201–202-277">[276]</a> In other areas where the alliance collapsed, the VRS occasionally cooperated with both the HVO and ARBiH, pursuing a local balancing policy and allying with the weaker side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012160-278">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994">1994</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1994">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1994)" title="Operation Tiger (1994)">Operation Tiger (1994)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spider" title="Operation Spider">Operation Spider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></div> The forced deportations of Bosniaks from Serb-held territories and the resulting refugee crisis continued to escalate. Thousands of people were being bused out of Bosnia each month, threatened on religious grounds. As a result, Croatia was strained by 500,000 refugees, and in mid-1994 the Croatian authorities forbade entry to a group of 462 refugees fleeing northern Bosnia, forcing UNPROFOR to improvise shelter for them.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> Between 30 March and 23 April 1994, the Serbs launched another major offensive against the town with the primary objective of overrunning Goražde. On 9 April 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary General of the UN</a>, citing <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_836" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 836">Security Resolution 836</a>, threatened airstrikes on the Serbian forces which were attacking the Goražde enclave. For the next two days, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> planes carried out air strikes against Serb tanks and outposts.<a href="#cite_note-:0-280">[279]</a> However, these attacks did little to stop the overwhelming Bosnian Serb Army.<a href="#cite_note-:0-280">[279]</a> The Bosnian Serb Army surrounded 150 UNPROFOR soldiers taking them hostage in Goražde.<a href="#cite_note-:0-280">[279]</a> Knowing Goražde would fall unless there was foreign intervention, NATO issued the Serbs an ultimatum, which they were forced to comply with. Under the conditions of the ultimatum, the Serbs had to withdraw all militias to 3 km from the town by 23 April 1994, and all of their artillery and armored vehicles 20 km (12 mi) from the town by 26 April 1994. The VRS complied.<a href="#cite_note-J.Regan1996-281">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Markale_massacre">Markale massacre</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Markale massacre">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarajevo_Grbavica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sarajevo_Grbavica.JPG/220px-Sarajevo_Grbavica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sarajevo_Grbavica.JPG/330px-Sarajevo_Grbavica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Sarajevo_Grbavica.JPG/440px-Sarajevo_Grbavica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>Damaged buildings in <a href="/wiki/Grbavica_(Sarajevo)" title="Grbavica (Sarajevo)">Grbavica</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></figcaption></figure> On 5 February 1994 <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> suffered its deadliest single attack of the entire <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">siege</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres" title="Markale massacres">first Markale massacre</a>, when a 120 millimeter mortar shell landed in the centre of the crowded marketplace, killing 68 people and wounding another 144. On 6 February, UN <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali" title="Boutros Boutros-Ghali">Boutros Boutros-Ghali</a> formally requested NATO to confirm that future requests for air strikes would be carried out immediately.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liii-282">[281]</a> On 9 February 1994, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> authorised the Commander of Allied Forces Southern Europe (CINCSOUTH), US Admiral Jeremy Boorda, to launch <a href="/wiki/Air_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Air strike">air strikes</a>—at the request of the UN—against artillery and mortar positions in or around Sarajevo determined by UNPROFOR to be responsible for attacks against civilian targets.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Only Greece failed to support the use of air strikes, but did not veto the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liii-282">[281]</a> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> also issued an ultimatum to the Bosnian Serbs demanding the removal of heavy weapons around Sarajevo by midnight of 20–21 February, or they would face air strikes. On 12 February, Sarajevo enjoyed its first casualty free day since April 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liii-282">[281]</a> The large-scale removal of Bosnian-Serb heavy weapons began on 17 February 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liii-282">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Washington_Agreement">Washington Agreement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Washington Agreement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement" title="Washington Agreement">Washington Agreement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div> The Croat-Bosniak war ended with the signing of a ceasefire agreement between the HVO Chief of Staff, general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ante_Roso_(Bosnian_Croat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ante Roso (Bosnian Croat) (page does not exist)">Ante Roso</a>, and the ARBiH Chief of Staff, general <a href="/wiki/Rasim_Deli%C4%87" title="Rasim Delić">Rasim Delić</a>, on 23 February 1994 in Zagreb. The agreement went into effect on 25 February.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997680-284">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003159-285">[284]</a> A peace agreement known as the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement" title="Washington Agreement">Washington Agreement</a>, mediated by the US, was concluded on 2 March by representatives of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Herzeg-Bosnia. The agreement was signed on 18 March 1994 in Washington. Under this agreement, the combined territory held by the HVO and the ARBiH was divided into autonomous cantons within the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>. Tuđman and Izetbegović also signed a preliminary agreement on a confederation between Croatia and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liv-286">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrišto201157-287">[286]</a> The Croat-Bosniak alliance was renewed, although the issues dividing them were not resolved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader2003159-285">[284]</a> The first military effort coordinated between the HVO and the ARBiH following the Washington Agreement was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">advance towards Kupres</a>, which was retaken from the VRS on 3 November 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002242–243-288">[287]</a> On 29 November, the HV and the HVO initiated <a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a> in southwestern Bosnia. After a month of fighting, Croat forces had taken around 200 square kilometres (77 square miles) of VRS-held territory and directly threatened the main supply route between Republika Srpska and <a href="/wiki/Knin" title="Knin">Knin</a>, the capital of Republic of Serbian Krajina. The primary objective of relieving pressure on the Bihać pocket was not achieved, although the ARBiH repelled VRS attacks on the enclave.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002250–251-289">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UNPROFOR_and_NATO">UNPROFOR and NATO</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: UNPROFOR and NATO">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka_incident" title="Banja Luka incident">Banja Luka incident</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%B8llebank" title="Operation Bøllebank">Operation Bøllebank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Amanda" title="Operation Amanda">Operation Amanda</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg/220px-Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg/330px-Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg/440px-Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>UN troops on their way up "<a href="/wiki/Sniper_Alley" title="Sniper Alley">Sniper Alley</a>" in Sarajevo</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> became actively involved when its jets <a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka_incident_(February_1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banja Luka incident (February 1994)">shot down</a> four Serb aircraft over central Bosnia on 28 February 1994 for violating the UN no-fly zone.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> On 12 March 1994, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">United Nations Protection Force</a> (UNPROFOR) made its first request for NATO air support, but close air support was not deployed, owing to a number of delays associated with the approval process.<a href="#cite_note-a54549-291">[290]</a> On 20 March an aid convoy with medical supplies and doctors reached <a href="/wiki/Maglaj" title="Maglaj">Maglaj</a>, a city of 100,000 people, which had been under siege since May 1993 and had been surviving off food supplies dropped by <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> aircraft. A second convoy on 23 March was hijacked and looted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liv-286">[285]</a> On 10–11 April 1994, UNPROFOR called in air strikes to protect the <a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a> <a href="/wiki/Safe_area_(Bosnian_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe area (Bosnian War)">safe area</a>, resulting in the bombing of a Serbian military command outpost near Goražde by two US <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> jets.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-280">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liv-286">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-a54549-291">[290]</a> This was the first time in NATO's history it had conducted air strikes.<a href="#cite_note-:0-280">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liv-286">[285]</a> In retaliation, Serbs took 150 U.N. personnel hostage on 14 April.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-280">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-a54549-291">[290]</a> On 15 April the Bosnian government lines around Goražde broke,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997liv-286">[285]</a> and on 16 April a British <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier" title="British Aerospace Sea Harrier">Sea Harrier</a> was shot down over Goražde by Serb forces. Around 29 April 1994, a Danish contingent (Nordbat 2) on peacekeeping duty in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a>, as part of UNPROFOR's Nordic battalion located in <a href="/wiki/Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a>, was ambushed when trying to relieve a Swedish observation post (Tango 2) that was under heavy artillery fire by the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Serb" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Serb">Bosnian Serb</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ekovi%C4%87i" title="Šekovići">Šekovići</a> brigade at the village of <a href="/wiki/Kalesija" title="Kalesija">Kalesija</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> The ambush was dispersed when the UN forces retaliated with heavy fire in what would be known as <a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%B8llebank" title="Operation Bøllebank">Operation Bøllebank</a>. On 12 May, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">US Senate</a> adopted <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/senate-bill/2042">S. 2042</a>, introduced by Sen. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>, to unilaterally lift the arms embargo against the Bosnians, but it was repudiated by President Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethlehemWeller1997lvi-293">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> On 5 October 1994, <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/103/337">103–337</a> was signed by the President and stated that if the Bosnian Serbs had not accepted the Contact Group proposal by 15 October the President should introduce a UN Security Council proposal to end the arms embargo, and that if it was not passed by 15 November, only funds required by all UN members under Resolution 713 could be used to enforce the embargo, which would effectively end the embargo.<a href="#cite_note-Simone2000p187-295">[294]</a> On 12–13 November, the US unilaterally lifted the arms embargo against the government of Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-Simone2000p187-295">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> On 5 August, at the request of UNPROFOR, NATO aircraft attacked a target within the Sarajevo Exclusion Zone after weapons were seized by Bosnian Serbs from a weapons collection site near Sarajevo. On 22 September 1994, NATO aircraft carried out an air strike against a Bosnian Serb tank at the request of UNPROFOR.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Amanda" title="Operation Amanda">Operation Amanda</a> was an UNPROFOR mission led by Danish peacekeeping troops, with the aim of recovering an observation post near <a href="/wiki/Grada%C4%8Dac" title="Gradačac">Gradačac</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on 25 October 1994.<a href="#cite_note-nordbat-297">[296]</a> On 19 November 1994, the North Atlantic Council approved the extension of Close Air Support to Croatia for the protection of UN forces in that country.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a> NATO aircraft attacked the <a href="/wiki/Udbina" title="Udbina">Udbina</a> airfield in Serb-held Croatia on 21 November, in response to attacks launched from that airfield against targets in the Bihac area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 23 November, after attacks launched from a surface-to-air missile site south of Otoka (north-west Bosnia and Herzegovina) on two NATO aircraft, air strikes were conducted against air defence radars in that area.<a href="#cite_note-nh-ev-275">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1995">1995</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 1995">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operations_Krivaja_%2795_and_Stup%C4%8Danica_%2795" class="mw-redirect" title="Operations Krivaja '95 and Stupčanica '95">Operations Krivaja '95 and Stupčanica '95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Operation Deliberate Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Mistral 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sana" title="Operation Sana">Operation Sana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BeforeDayton.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/BeforeDayton.png/220px-BeforeDayton.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/BeforeDayton.png/330px-BeforeDayton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/BeforeDayton.png/440px-BeforeDayton.png 2x" data-file-width="1809" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption>Bosnia and Herzegovina before the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></figcaption></figure> On 25 May 1995, NATO bombed VRS positions in Pale due to their failure to return heavy weapons. The VRS then shelled all safe areas, including <a href="/wiki/25_May_1995_Tuzla_shelling" class="mw-redirect" title="25 May 1995 Tuzla shelling">Tuzla</a>. Approximately 70 civilians were killed and 150 were injured.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaradžić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20162454–2455-298">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-299">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> During April and June, Croatian forces conducted two offensives known as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794#Operation_Leap_1" title="Operation Winter '94">Leap 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794#Operation_Leap_2" title="Operation Winter '94">Leap 2</a>. With these offensives, they secured the remainder of the <a href="/wiki/Livno" title="Livno">Livno</a> Valley and threatened the VRS-held town of <a href="/wiki/Bosansko_Grahovo" title="Bosansko Grahovo">Bosansko Grahovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002299–300-302">[301]</a> On 27 May 1995, a confrontation occurred across the Vrbanja Bridge. During the battle, elements of the Bosnian Serb army stormed French-built UNPROFOR observation posts, taking hostage 10 French troops. The French Army, led by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Lecointre" title="François Lecointre">François Lecointre</a>, sent about 100 UN-peacekeeping troops to the bridge, retaking the post and soon after the VRS withdrew.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On 11 July 1995, <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> (VRS) forces under general <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a> occupied the UN "safe area" of <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica" title="Srebrenica">Srebrenica</a> in eastern Bosnia where more than 8,000 men were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a> (most women were expelled to Bosniak-held territory).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrstić_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement20041–2-303">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002347–348-304">[303]</a> The United Nations Protection Force (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">UNPROFOR</a>), represented on the ground by a 400-strong contingent of Dutch <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeepers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutchbat" title="Dutchbat">Dutchbat</a>, failed to prevent the town's capture by the VRS and the subsequent massacre.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-www.vandiepen.com-307">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">ICTY</a> ruled this event as genocide in the Krstić case. On 25 July 1995, Serbs launched "Operation Stupčanica 95" to occupy the second UN "safe area", <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDepa" title="Žepa">Žepa</a>. UNPROFOR only sent 79 Ukrainian peacekeepers to Žepa.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> In line with the <a href="/wiki/Split_Agreement" title="Split Agreement">Split Agreement</a> signed between Tuđman and Izetbegović on 22 July, a joint military offensive by the HV and the HVO codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a> took place in western Bosnia. The HV-HVO force gained control of Glamoč and Bosansko Grahovo and isolated Knin from Republika Srpska.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001295–296-310">[309]</a> On 4 August, the HV launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a> that effectively dissolved the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina" title="Republic of Serbian Krajina">Republic of Serbian Krajina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001297–298-311">[310]</a> With this, the Bosniak-Croat alliance gained the initiative in the war, taking much of western Bosnia from the VRS in several operations in September and October. In <a href="/wiki/Novi_Grad,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Novi Grad, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Novi Grad</a>, Croatian forces launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Operation Una</a>, which began on 18 September 1995, when HV crossed the <a href="/wiki/Una_(Sava)" title="Una (Sava)">Una river</a> and entered Bosnia. In 2006, Croatian authorities began investigating allegations of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> committed during this operation, specifically the killing of 40 civilians in the Bosanska Dubica area by troops of the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Guards Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DaytonAgreement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DaytonAgreement.jpg/220px-DaytonAgreement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DaytonAgreement.jpg/330px-DaytonAgreement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DaytonAgreement.jpg/440px-DaytonAgreement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption>Seated from left to right: <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> signing the final peace agreement in Paris on 14 December 1995.</figcaption></figure> The HV-HVO secured over 2,500 square kilometres (970 square miles) of territory during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Mistral 2</a>, including the towns of <a href="/wiki/Jajce" title="Jajce">Jajce</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipovo" title="Šipovo">Šipovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a>. At the same time, the ARBiH engaged the VRS further to the north in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sana" title="Operation Sana">Operation Sana</a> and captured several towns, including Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Petrovac, Ključ and Sanski Most.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002380–381-313">[312]</a> A VRS counteroffensive against the ARBiH in western Bosnia was launched on 23/24 September. Within two weeks the VRS was in the vicinity of the town of Ključ. The ARBiH requested Croatian assistance and on 8 October the HV-HVO launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Operation Southern Move</a> under the overall command of HV Major General <a href="/wiki/Ante_Gotovina" title="Ante Gotovina">Ante Gotovina</a>. The VRS lost the town of <a href="/wiki/Mrkonji%C4%87_Grad" title="Mrkonjić Grad">Mrkonjić Grad</a>, while HVO units came within 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Banja Luka.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002390–391-314">[313]</a> On 28 August, a VRS mortar attack on the Sarajevo Markale marketplace killed 43 people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMladić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20172315-315">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> In response to the second <a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres#Second_massacre" title="Markale massacres">Markale massacre</a>, on 30 August, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General of NATO</a> announced the start of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Operation Deliberate Force</a>, widespread airstrikes against Bosnian Serb positions supported by UNPROFOR rapid reaction force artillery attacks.<a href="#cite_note-changing69-317">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> On 14 September 1995, the NATO air strikes were suspended to allow the implementation of an agreement with Bosnian Serbs for the withdrawal of heavy weapons from around Sarajevo.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> Twelve days later, on 26 September, an agreement of further basic principles for a peace accord was reached in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> between the foreign ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the FRY.<a href="#cite_note-yearbook2003p803-321">[320]</a> A 60-day ceasefire came into effect on 12 October, and on 1 November peace talks began in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yearbook2003p803-321">[320]</a> The war ended with the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Peace Agreement</a> signed on 21 November 1995; the final version of the peace agreement was signed 14 December 1995 in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> Following the Dayton Agreement, a NATO-led Implementation Force (<a href="/wiki/IFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="IFOR">IFOR</a>) was deployed to Bosnia-Herzegovina. This 80,000 strong unit, was deployed in order to enforce the peace, as well as other tasks such as providing support for humanitarian and political aid, reconstruction, providing support for displaced civilians to return to their homes, collection of arms, and mine and <a href="/wiki/Unexploded_ordnance" title="Unexploded ordnance">unexploded ordnance</a> clearing of the affected areas.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Casualties">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels.jpg/220px-Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels.jpg/330px-Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels.jpg/440px-Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>A grave digger at a cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, 1992</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BiH_2013_%25change_Bosniaks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BiH_2013_%25change_Bosniaks.jpg/220px-BiH_2013_%25change_Bosniaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BiH_2013_%25change_Bosniaks.jpg/330px-BiH_2013_%25change_Bosniaks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BiH_2013_%25change_Bosniaks.jpg/440px-BiH_2013_%25change_Bosniaks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Bosnia and Herzegovina: Percent Change of Ethnic Bosniaks from 1991 to 2013</figcaption></figure> Calculating the number of deaths resulting from the conflict has been subject to considerable, highly politicised debate, sometimes "fused with narratives about victimhood", from the political elites of various groups.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> Estimates of the total number of casualties have ranged from 25,000 to 329,000. The variations are partly the result of the use of inconsistent definitions of who can be considered victims of the war, as some research calculated only direct casualties of military activity while other research included those who died from hunger, cold, disease or other war conditions. Early overcounts were also the result of many victims being entered in both civilian and military lists because little systematic coordination of those lists took place in wartime conditions. The death toll was originally estimated in 1994 at around 200,000 by <a href="/wiki/M._Cherif_Bassiouni" title="M. Cherif Bassiouni">Cherif Bassiouni</a>, head of the UN expert commission investigating war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-nrk2004-325">[324]</a> Steven L. Burg and Paul S. Shoup, writing in 1999, observed about early high figures: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The figure of 200,000 (or more) dead, injured, and missing was frequently cited in media reports on the war in Bosnia as late as 1994. The October 1995 bulletin of the Bosnian Institute for Public Health of the Republic Committee for Health and Social Welfare gave the numbers as 146,340 killed, and 174,914 wounded on the territory under the control of the Bosnian army. Mustafa Imamovic gave a figure of 144,248 perished (including those who died from hunger or exposure), mainly Muslims. The Red Cross and the UNHCR have not, to the best of our knowledge, produced data on the number of persons killed and injured in the course of the war. A November 1995 unclassified CIA memorandum estimated 156,500 civilian deaths in the country (all but 10,000 of them in Muslim- or Croat-held territories), not including the 8,000 to 10,000 then still missing from Srebrenica and Zepa enclaves. This figure for civilian deaths far exceeded the estimate in the same report of 81,500 troops killed (45,000 Bosnian government; 6,500 Bosnian Croat; and 30,000 Bosnian Serb). <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191-326">[325]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RDC_figures">RDC figures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: RDC figures">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 24em"> <caption>Dead or disappeared figures according to <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Documentation_Center_in_Sarajevo" title="Research and Documentation Center in Sarajevo">RDC</a> (as reported in June 2012)<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="4">Total dead or disappeared 101,040 (total includes unknown status below, percentages ignore "unknowns")</td> <td>Bosniaks</td> <td>62,013</td> <td>61.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbs</td> <td>24,953</td> <td>24.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croats</td> <td>8,403</td> <td>8.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other ethnicities</td> <td>571</td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Civilians 38,239 (percentages are of civilian dead)</td> <td>Bosniaks</td> <td>31,107</td> <td>81.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbs</td> <td>4,178</td> <td>10.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croats</td> <td>2,484</td> <td>6.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other ethnicities</td> <td>470</td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Soldiers 57,701 (percentages are of military dead)</td> <td>Bosniaks</td> <td>30,906</td> <td>53.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbs</td> <td>20,775</td> <td>36% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croats</td> <td>5,919</td> <td>10.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other ethnicities</td> <td>101</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown status (percentage is of all dead or disappeared)</td> <td>Ethnicity unstated</td> <td>5,100</td> <td>5% </td></tr></tbody></table> In June 2007, the Sarajevo-based <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Documentation_Center_in_Sarajevo" title="Research and Documentation Center in Sarajevo">Research and Documentation Center</a> published extensive research on the Bosnian war deaths, also called The Bosnian Book of the Dead, a database that initially revealed a minimum of 97,207 names of Bosnia and Herzegovina's citizens confirmed as killed or missing during the 1992–1995 war.<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2007-327">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-DeadBook-328">[327]</a> The head of the UN war crimes tribunal's Demographic Unit, Ewa Tabeau, has called it "the largest existing database on Bosnian war victims",<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> and it is considered the most authoritative account of human losses in the Bosnian war.<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a> More than 240,000 pieces of data were collected, checked, compared and evaluated by an international team of experts in order to produce the 2007 list of 97,207 victims' names.<a href="#cite_note-DeadBook-328">[327]</a> The RDC 2007 figures stated that these were confirmed figures and that several thousand cases were still being examined. All of the RDC figures are believed to be a slight undercount as their methodology is dependent on a family member having survived to report the missing relative, though the undercount is not thought to be statistically significant.<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a> At least 30 percent of the 2007 confirmed Bosniak civilian victims were women and children.<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2007-327">[326]</a> The RDC published periodic updates of its figures until June 2012, when it published its final report.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersBBotD-331">[330]</a> The 2012 figures recorded a total of 101,040 dead or disappeared, of whom 61.4 percent were Bosniaks, 24.7 percent were Serbs, 8.3 percent were Croats and less than 1 percent were of other ethnicities, with a further 5 percent whose ethnicity was unstated.<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a> Civilian deaths were established as 38,239, which represented 37.9 percent of total deaths. Bosniaks accounted for 81.3 percent of those civilian deaths, compared to Serbs 10.9 percent and Croats 6.5 percent.<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a> The proportion of civilian victims is, moreover, an absolute minimum because the status of 5,100 victims was unestablished<a href="#cite_note-RDC_2012-9">[9]</a> and because relatives were believed to have registered their dead loved ones as military victims in order to obtain veteran's financial benefits or for "honour" reasons.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrdag-333">[332]</a> Both the <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Documentation_Center_in_Sarajevo" title="Research and Documentation Center in Sarajevo">RDC</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">ICTY</a>'s demographic unit applied statistical techniques to identify possible duplication caused by a given victim being recorded in multiple primary lists, the original documents being then hand-checked to assess duplication.<a href="#cite_note-hrdag-333">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tabeau-334">[333]</a> Some 30 categories of information existed within the database for each individual record, including basic personal information, place and date of death, and, in the case of soldiers, the military unit to which the individual belonged.<a href="#cite_note-hrdag-333">[332]</a> This has allowed the database to present deaths by gender, military unit, year and region of death,<a href="#cite_note-Prometej-335">[334]</a> in addition to ethnicity and "status in war" (civilian or soldier). The category intended to describe which military formation caused the death of each victim was the most incomplete and was deemed unusable.<a href="#cite_note-hrdag-333">[332]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ICTY_figures">ICTY figures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: ICTY figures">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 24em"> <caption>ICTY death estimates<a href="#cite_note-ICTYundercount-119">[118]</a> (issued by the Demographic Unit in 2010) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="4">Total killed 104,732</td> <td>Bosniaks</td> <td>68,101 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbs</td> <td>22,779 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croats</td> <td>8,858 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others</td> <td>4,995 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Civilians killed 36,700</td> <td>Bosniaks</td> <td>25,609 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbs</td> <td>7,480 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croats</td> <td>1,675 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others</td> <td>1,935 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Soldiers killed 68,031 (includes Police)</td> <td>Bosniaks</td> <td>42,492 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbs</td> <td>15,298 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croats</td> <td>7,182 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others</td> <td>3,058 </td></tr></tbody></table> Research conducted in 2010 for the Office of the Prosecutors at the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">Hague Tribunal</a>, headed by Ewa Tabeau, pointed to errors in earlier figures and calculated the minimum number of victims as 89,186, with a probable figure of around 104,732.<a href="#cite_note-ICTYundercount-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICTYnewwar-336">[335]</a> Tabeau noted the numbers should not be confused with "who killed who", because, for example, many Serbs were killed by the Serb army during the shelling of Sarajevo, Tuzla and other multi-ethnic cities.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> The authors of this report said that the actual death toll may be slightly higher.<a href="#cite_note-ICTYundercount-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> These figures were not based solely on "battle deaths", but included accidental deaths taking place in battle conditions and acts of mass violence. Specifically excluded were "non-violent mortality increases" and "criminal and unorganised violence increases". Similarly "military deaths" included both combat and non-combat deaths.<a href="#cite_note-ICTYundercount-119">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_statistics">Other statistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Other statistics">edit</a>]</div> There are no statistics dealing specifically with the casualties of the Croat-Bosniak conflict along ethnic lines. However, according to The RDC's data on human losses in the regions, in Central Bosnia 62 percent of the 10,448 documented deaths were Bosniaks, while Croats constituted 24 percent and Serbs 13 percent. The municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Gornji_Vakuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gornji Vakuf">Gornji Vakuf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bugojno" title="Bugojno">Bugojno</a> are geographically located in Central Bosnia (known as Gornje Povrbasje region), but the 1,337 region's documented deaths are included in <a href="/wiki/Vrbas_(river)" title="Vrbas (river)">Vrbas</a> regional statistics. Approximately 70–80 percent of the casualties from Gornje Povrbasje were Bosniaks. In the region of <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a> river, of 6,717 casualties, 54 percent were Bosniaks, 24 percent Serbs and 21 percent Croats. The casualties in those regions were mainly, but not exclusively, the consequence of Croat-Bosniak conflict.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to the UN, there were 167 fatalities amongst <a href="/wiki/UNPROFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNPROFOR">UNPROFOR</a> personnel during the course of the force's mandate, from February 1992 to March 1995. Of those who died, three were military observers, 159 were other military personnel, one was a member of the civilian police, two were international civilian staff and two were local staff.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a> In a statement in September 2008 to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haris_Silajd%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Haris Silajdžić">Haris Silajdžić</a> said that "According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a> data, 200,000 people were killed, 12,000 of them children, up to 50,000 women were raped, and 2.2 million were forced to flee their homes. This was a veritable <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Genocide">genocide</a> and sociocide".<a href="#cite_note-Silajdžić_UN-340">[339]</a> However, Silajdžić and others have been criticised for inflating the number of fatalities to attract international support.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> An ICRC book published in 2010 cites the total number killed in all of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Balkan wars</a> in the 1990s as "about 140,000 people".<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> In 2012 <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> reported that the fate of an estimated 10,500 people, most of whom were Bosnian Muslims, remained unknown at that time.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_missing-343">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> Bodies of victims are still being unearthed two decades later. In July 2014 the remains of 284 victims, unearthed from the <a href="/wiki/Toma%C5%A1ica,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Tomašica, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Tomašica mass grave</a> near the town of <a href="/wiki/Prijedor" title="Prijedor">Prijedor</a>, were laid to rest in a mass ceremony in the northwestern town of <a href="/wiki/Kozarac" title="Kozarac">Kozarac</a>, attended by relatives.<a href="#cite_note-Bosnia_Buries_284-345">[344]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UNCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNCHR">UNCHR</a> stated that the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina forced more than 2.2 million people to flee their homes, at that time, the largest displacement of people in Europe since the end of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-Jolie-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes">War crimes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: War crimes">edit</a>]</div> According to a report compiled by the UN, and chaired by <a href="/wiki/M._Cherif_Bassiouni" title="M. Cherif Bassiouni">M. Cherif Bassiouni</a>, while all sides committed war crimes during the conflict, Serbian forces were responsible for ninety percent of them, whereas Croatian forces were responsible for six percent, and Bosniak forces four percent.<a href="#cite_note-Waller|2002-346">[345]</a> The report echoed conclusions published by a <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> estimate in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Kennedy|2002-347">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-348">[347]</a> In October 2019, a third of the war crime charges filed by the Bosnian state prosecution during the year were transferred to lower-level courts, which sparked criticism of prosecutors.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ethnic cleansing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_makeup_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_and_after_the_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ethnic_makeup_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_and_after_the_war.jpg/310px-Ethnic_makeup_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_and_after_the_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ethnic_makeup_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_and_after_the_war.jpg/465px-Ethnic_makeup_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_and_after_the_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ethnic_makeup_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_and_after_the_war.jpg/620px-Ethnic_makeup_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_and_after_the_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1622" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic distribution at the municipal level in Bosnia and Herzegovina before (1991) and after the war (1998). Bosniak shown in green, Serbian in red, and Croat in blue.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a> was a common phenomenon in the war. Large numbers of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes or were expelled by the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serb_paramilitary" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb paramilitary">Serb paramilitaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRW1994-351">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell-Fialkoff1993110-353">[352]</a> This entailed intimidation, forced expulsion, or killing of the unwanted ethnic group as well as the destruction of the places of worship, cemeteries and cultural and historical buildings of that ethnic group. Due to this, tens of thousands were killed,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeybolt2007177-354">[353]</a> between one<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotten201721-355">[354]</a> and 1.3 million<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips20055-356">[355]</a> deported or forcibly resettled, and 12,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2013343-357">[356]</a> to 20,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddad2011109-358">[357]</a> women raped. Academics Matjaž Klemenčič and Mitja Žagar argue that: "Ideas of nationalistic ethnic politicians that Bosnia and Herzegovina be reorganised into homogenous national territories inevitably required the division of ethnically mixed territories into their Serb, Croat, and Muslim parts".<a href="#cite_note-Sourcebook-42">[41]</a> According to numerous ICTY verdicts and indictments, Serb<a href="#cite_note-Prosecutor_v._Vujadin_Popovic,_Ljubisa_Beara,_Drago_Nikolic,_Ljubomir_Borovcanin,_Radivoje_Miletic,_Milan_Gvero,_and_Vinko_Pandurevic-359">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Radoslav_Brđanin_judgement-360">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tadic_Case:_The_Verdict-361">[360]</a> and Croat<a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Naletilić_and_Matinović_verdict-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Kordić_and_Čerkez_verdict-362">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-prosecutor_v._Jadranko_Prlic,_Bruno_Stojic,_Slobodan_Praljak,_Milivoj_Petkovic_and_Valentin_Coric_and_Berislav_Pusic-363">[362]</a> forces performed ethnic cleansing of their territories to create ethnically pure states (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Republika_Srpska#1991–1995" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herzeg-Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a>). Serb forces carried out the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Srebrenica genocide">Srebrenica genocide</a> towards the end of the war.<a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> Although comparatively rare, there were also cases of Bosniak forces forcing other ethnic groups to flee during the war.<a href="#cite_note-fas.org-18">[17]</a> According to The New York Times, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> concluded in a March 1995 report that Bosnian Serb forces had been responsible for 90 percent of the ethnic cleansing committed up to that time and that leading Serb politicians almost certainly knew of the crimes.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-348">[347]</a> Based on the evidence of numerous HVO attacks, the ICTY Trial Chamber concluded in the Kordić and Čerkez case that by April 1993 Croat leadership had a common design or plan conceived and executed to <a href="/wiki/La%C5%A1va_Valley_ethnic_cleansing" title="Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing">ethnically cleanse Bosniaks from the Lašva Valley</a> in Central Bosnia. <a href="/wiki/Dario_Kordi%C4%87" title="Dario Kordić">Dario Kordić</a>, as the local political leader, was found to be the planner and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instigator" class="extiw" title="wikt:instigator">instigator</a> of this plan.<a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Kordić_and_Čerkez_verdict-362">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genocide">Genocide</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Genocide">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_case" title="Bosnian genocide case">Bosnian genocide case</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg/220px-Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg/330px-Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg/440px-Srebrenica_massacre_memorial_gravestones_2009_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2254" data-file-height="1338" /></a><figcaption>The cemetery at the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_Genocide_memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Srebrenica Genocide memorial">Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial and Cemetery to Genocide Victims</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exhumations_in_Srebrenica_1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Exhumations_in_Srebrenica_1996.jpg/220px-Exhumations_in_Srebrenica_1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Exhumations_in_Srebrenica_1996.jpg/330px-Exhumations_in_Srebrenica_1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Exhumations_in_Srebrenica_1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption>Exhumations in Srebrenica, 1996</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1992%E2%80%931998).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>The shield used as a symbol for the <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a></figcaption></figure> A trial took place before the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, following a <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Genocide_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Genocide Case">1993 suit</a> by Bosnia and Herzegovina against Serbia and Montenegro alleging <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>. The ICJ ruling of 26 February 2007 indirectly determined the war's nature to be international, though clearing Serbia of direct responsibility for the genocide committed by the forces of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Republika_Srpska#1991–1995" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a>. The ICJ concluded, however, that Serbia failed to prevent genocide committed by Serb forces and failed to punish those responsible, and bring them to justice.<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> A telegram sent to the White House on 8 February 1994 and penned by U.S. Ambassador to Croatia, <a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Galbraith" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter W. Galbraith">Peter W. Galbraith</a>, stated that genocide was occurring. The telegram cited "constant and indiscriminate shelling and gunfire" of Sarajevo by Karadzic's Yugoslav People Army; the harassment of minority groups in Northern Bosnia "in an attempt to force them to leave"; and the use of detainees "to do dangerous work on the front lines" as evidence that genocide was being committed.<a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a> In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passed a resolution declaring that "the Serbian policies of aggression and ethnic cleansing meet the terms defining genocide".<a href="#cite_note-thomas.loc.gov-367">[366]</a> Despite the evidence of many kinds of war crimes conducted simultaneously by different Serb forces in different parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in <a href="/wiki/Bijeljina_massacre" title="Bijeljina massacre">Bijeljina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prijedor_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Prijedor massacre">Prijedor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvornik_massacre" title="Zvornik massacre">Zvornik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka#Bosnian_War" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad_massacres" title="Višegrad massacres">Višegrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Foča massacre">Foča</a>, the judges ruled that the criteria for genocide with the specific intent (<a href="/wiki/Dolus_specialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolus specialis">dolus specialis</a>) to destroy Bosnian Muslims were met <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Srebrenica Genocide">only in Srebrenica</a> or Eastern Bosnia in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a> The court concluded the crimes committed during the 1992–1995 war, may amount to <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> according to the international law, but that these acts did not, in themselves, constitute genocide per se.<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> The Court further decided that, following Montenegro's declaration of independence in May 2006, Serbia was the only respondent party in the case, but that "any responsibility for past events involved at the relevant time the composite State of Serbia and Montenegro".<a href="#cite_note-370">[369]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rape">Rape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Rape">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bosnian_War" title="Rape during the Bosnian War">Rape during the Bosnian War</a></div> An estimated 12,000–50,000 <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bosnian_War" title="Rape during the Bosnian War">women were raped</a>, most of them Bosnian Muslims with the majority of cases committed by Serb forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup2015222-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave_Macmillan-31">[30]</a> This has been referred to as "Mass rape",<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2001-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC2002-372">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-USsenatejudiciary2008-373">[372]</a> particularly with regard to the coordinated use of rape as a weapon of war by members in the VRS and Bosnian Serb police.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2001-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC2002-372">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-USsenatejudiciary2008-373">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-massrape1993-374">[373]</a> For the first time in judicial history, the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (ICTY) declared that "systematic rape", and "sexual enslavement" in time of war was a <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a>, second only to the <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crime</a> of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2001-371">[370]</a> Rape was most systematic in Eastern Bosnia (e.g. during campaigns in <a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da_ethnic_cleansing" title="Foča ethnic cleansing">Foča</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad_massacres" title="Višegrad massacres">Višegrad</a>), and in Grbavica during the siege of Sarajevo. Women and girls were kept in various detention centres where they had to live in intolerably unhygienic conditions and were mistreated in many ways including being repeatedly raped. A notorious example was "Karaman's house" in Foča.<a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Society_for_Threatened_Peoples_(GfbV):Documentation_about_war_crimes-376">[375]</a> Common complications among surviving women and girls include psychological, gynaecological and other physical disorders, as well as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prosecutions_and_legal_proceedings">Prosecutions and legal proceedings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Prosecutions and legal proceedings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:278px;max-width:278px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg/135px-Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg/203px-Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg/270px-Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3MAR94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg/135px-Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg/203px-Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg/270px-Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993-w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a> (left), former president of Republika Srpska, <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a> (right), former Chief of Staff of the Army of the Republika Srpska, both sentenced by the ICTY</div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (ICTY) was established in 1993 as a body of the UN to <a href="/wiki/Prosecute" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosecute">prosecute</a> war crimes committed during the <a href="/wiki/Wars_in_the_former_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars in the former Yugoslavia">wars in the former Yugoslavia</a>, and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal is an <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc court</a> which is located in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> According to legal experts, as of early 2008, 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks were convicted of war crimes by the ICTY in connection with the Balkan wars of the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Convictions-23">[22]</a> Both Serbs and Croats were indicted and convicted of systematic war crimes (<a href="/wiki/Joint_criminal_enterprise" title="Joint criminal enterprise">joint criminal enterprise</a>), while Bosniaks were indicted and convicted of individual ones. Most of the Bosnian Serb wartime leadership – <a href="/wiki/Biljana_Plav%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Biljana Plavšić">Biljana Plavšić</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ictykrajisnik-378">[377]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Kraji%C5%A1nik" title="Momčilo Krajišnik">Momčilo Krajišnik</a>,<a href="#cite_note-379">[378]</a> <a href="/wiki/Radoslav_Br%C4%91anin" title="Radoslav Brđanin">Radoslav Brđanin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Radoslav_Brđanin_judgement-360">[359]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Tadi%C4%87" title="Duško Tadić">Duško Tadić</a><a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Dusko_Tadic-380">[379]</a> – were indicted and judged guilty for <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> and ethnic cleansing. The former president of Republika Srpska <a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a> was <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Trial of Radovan Karadžić">held on trial</a><a href="#cite_note-ICTYkaradzic2009-381">[380]</a> and was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_in_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Life in prison">life in prison</a> for crimes, including <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a> was also <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Trial of Ratko Mladić">tried by the ICTY</a>, charged with crimes in connection with the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">siege of Sarajevo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICTYmladic2002-383">[382]</a> Mladić was found guilty and also sentenced to life imprisonment by The Hague in November 2017.<a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">Paramilitary</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Vojislav_%C5%A0e%C5%A1elj" title="Vojislav Šešelj">Vojislav Šešelj</a> was on trial from 2007 to 2018,<a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a> accused of being a part of a <a href="/wiki/Joint_criminal_enterprise" title="Joint criminal enterprise">joint criminal enterprise</a> to ethnically cleanse large areas of Bosnia-Herzegovina of non-Serbs.<a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a> The Serbian president <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> was charged with war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia, including grave breaches of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention">Geneva Conventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a> but died in 2006 before the trial could finish.<a href="#cite_note-388">[387]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg/180px-Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg/270px-Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg/360px-Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The skull of a victim of the July 1995 <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a> in an exhumed mass grave outside of <a href="/wiki/Donji_Poto%C4%8Dari" title="Donji Potočari">Potočari</a>, 2007</figcaption></figure> After the death of <a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a>, The Hague revealed that an <a href="/wiki/ICTY" class="mw-redirect" title="ICTY">ICTY</a> investigation of Izetbegović had been in progress which ended with his death.<a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a> Bosniaks who were convicted of or were tried for war crimes include <a href="/wiki/Rasim_Deli%C4%87" title="Rasim Delić">Rasim Delić</a>, chief of staff of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who was sentenced to three years' imprisonment on 15 September 2008 for his failure to prevent the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_mujahideen" title="Bosnian mujahideen">Bosnian mujahideen</a> members of the Bosnian army from committing crimes against captured civilians and enemy combatants.<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Enver_Had%C5%BEihasanovi%C4%87" title="Enver Hadžihasanović">Enver Hadžihasanović</a>, a general of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was sentenced to 3.5 years for authority over acts of murder and wanton destruction in Central Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hazim_Deli%C4%87" title="Hazim Delić">Hazim Delić</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Bosniak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosniak">Bosniak</a> Deputy Commander of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_prison_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Čelebići prison camp">Čelebići prison camp</a>, which detained Serb civilians. He was sentenced to 18 years by the <a href="/wiki/ICTY" class="mw-redirect" title="ICTY">ICTY</a> Appeals Chamber on 8 April 2003 for murder and torture of the prisoners and for raping two Serbian women.<a href="#cite_note-ictycelebicijudgmentpr1998-393">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-ictycelebicicaseinfo2008-394">[393]</a> Bosnian commander <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Halilovi%C4%87" title="Sefer Halilović">Sefer Halilović</a> was charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war on the basis of superior criminal responsibility of the incidents during Operation Neretva '93 and found not guilty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalilović_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20058-395">[394]</a> Serbs have accused Sarajevo authorities of practicing selective justice by actively prosecuting Serbs while ignoring or downplaying Bosniak war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-396">[395]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dario_Kordi%C4%87" title="Dario Kordić">Dario Kordić</a>, political leader of Croats in Central Bosnia, was convicted of the crimes against humanity in Central Bosnia i.e. ethnic cleansing and sentenced to 25 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-ICTY:_Kordić_and_Čerkez_verdict-362">[361]</a> On 29 May 2013, in a first instance verdict, the ICTY sentenced Prlić to 25 years in prison. The tribunal also convicted five other war time leaders of the joint trial: defence minister of Herzeg-Bosnia <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Stoji%C4%87" title="Bruno Stojić">Bruno Stojić</a> (20 years), military officers <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Praljak" title="Slobodan Praljak">Slobodan Praljak</a> (20 years) and <a href="/wiki/Milivoj_Petkovi%C4%87" title="Milivoj Petković">Milivoj Petković</a> (20 years), military police commander <a href="/wiki/Valentin_%C4%86ori%C4%87" title="Valentin Ćorić">Valentin Ćorić</a> (20 years), and head of prisoner exchanges and detention facilities Berislav Pušić (10 years). The Chamber ruled, by majority, with the presiding judge Jean-Claude Antonetti dissenting, that they took part in a <a href="/wiki/Joint_criminal_enterprise" title="Joint criminal enterprise">joint criminal enterprise</a> (JCE) against the non-Croat population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the JCE included the Croatian President Franjo Tuđman, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Gojko_%C5%A0u%C5%A1ak" title="Gojko Šušak">Gojko Šušak</a>, and general <a href="/wiki/Janko_Bobetko" title="Janko Bobetko">Janko Bobetko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-397">[396]</a> However, on 19 July 2016 the Appeals Chamber in the case announced that the "Trial Chamber made no explicit findings concerning [Tudjman's, Šušak's and Bobetko's] participation in the JCE and did not find [them] guilty of any crimes."<a href="#cite_note-398">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[398]</a> <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Srebrenica Genocide">Genocide</a> at Srebrenica is the most serious war crime that any Serbs were convicted of. Crimes against humanity is the most serious war crime that any <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> were convicted of.<a href="#cite_note-400">[399]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconciliation">Reconciliation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Reconciliation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Reinterment_and_Memorial_Ceremony_-_July_2007_-_Male_Mourners.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Reinterment_and_Memorial_Ceremony_-_July_2007_-_Male_Mourners.jpg/220px-Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Reinterment_and_Memorial_Ceremony_-_July_2007_-_Male_Mourners.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Reinterment_and_Memorial_Ceremony_-_July_2007_-_Male_Mourners.jpg/330px-Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Reinterment_and_Memorial_Ceremony_-_July_2007_-_Male_Mourners.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Reinterment_and_Memorial_Ceremony_-_July_2007_-_Male_Mourners.jpg/440px-Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Reinterment_and_Memorial_Ceremony_-_July_2007_-_Male_Mourners.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Mourners at the reburial ceremony for an exhumed victim of the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_cemetery_Mostar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_cemetery_Mostar.JPG/220px-Flag_cemetery_Mostar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_cemetery_Mostar.JPG/330px-Flag_cemetery_Mostar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_cemetery_Mostar.JPG/440px-Flag_cemetery_Mostar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A cemetery in Mostar flying the flag of Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (left), the flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the flag of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</figcaption></figure> On 6 December 2004, Serbian president <a href="/wiki/Boris_Tadi%C4%87" title="Boris Tadić">Boris Tadić</a> made an apology in Bosnia and Herzegovina to all those who suffered crimes committed in the name of the Serb people.<a href="#cite_note-401">[400]</a> Croatia's president <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Josipovi%C4%87" title="Ivo Josipović">Ivo Josipović</a> apologised in April 2010 for his country's role in the Bosnian War. Bosnia and Herzegovina's then-president <a href="/wiki/Haris_Silajd%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Haris Silajdžić">Haris Silajdžić</a> in turn praised relations with Croatia, remarks that starkly contrasted with his harsh criticism of Serbia the day before. "I'm deeply sorry that the Republic of Croatia has contributed to the suffering of people and divisions which still burden us today", Josipović told Bosnia and Herzegovina's parliament.<a href="#cite_note-402">[401]</a> On 31 March 2010, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Serbia">Serbian parliament</a> adopted a declaration "condemning in strongest terms the crime committed in July 1995 against Bosniak population of Srebrenica" and apologizing to the families of the victims, the first of its kind in the region. The initiative to pass a resolution came from President Boris Tadić, who pushed for it even though the issue was politically controversial. In the past, only human rights groups and non-nationalistic parties had supported such a measure.<a href="#cite_note-403">[402]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment">Assessment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Assessment">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_war_or_a_war_of_aggression">Civil war or a war of aggression</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Civil war or a war of aggression">edit</a>]</div> Due to the involvement of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, there has been a long-standing debate as to whether the conflict was a <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> or a <a href="/wiki/War_of_aggression" title="War of aggression">war of aggression</a> on Bosnia by neighbouring states. Academics Steven Burg and Paul Shoup argue that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">From the outset, the nature of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina was subject to conflicting interpretations. These were rooted not only in objective facts on the ground, but in the political interests of those articulating them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191-326">[325]</a></blockquote> On the one hand, the war could be viewed as "a clear-cut case of civil war – that is, of internal war among groups unable to agree on arrangements for sharing power".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191-326">[325]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Campbell (academic)">David Campbell</a> is critical of narratives about "civil war", which he argues often involve what he terms "moral levelling", in which all sides are "said to be equally guilty of atrocities", and "emphasise credible Serb fears as a rationale for their actions".<a href="#cite_note-404">[403]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> In contrast to the civil war explanation, Bosniaks, many Croats, western politicians and human rights organizations claimed that the war was a war of Serbian and Croatian aggression based on the <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87-Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Milošević-Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Karađorđevo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreements</a>, while Serbs often considered it a civil war. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191-326">[325]</a></blockquote> Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats enjoyed substantial political and military backing from Serbia and Croatia, and the decision to grant Bosnia diplomatic recognition also had implications for the international interpretation of the conflict. As Burg and Shoup state: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> From the perspective of international diplomacy and law...the international decision to recognize the independence of Bosnia-Herzegovina and grant it membership in the United Nations provided a basis for defining the war as a case of external aggression by both Serbia and Croatia. With respect to Serbia, the further case could be made that the Bosnian Serb army was under the de facto command of the Yugoslav army and was therefore an instrument of external aggression. With respect to Croatia, regular Croatian army forces violated the territorial integrity of Bosnia-Herzegovina, lending further evidence in support of the view that this was a case of aggression. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191-326">[325]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Sumantra_Bose" title="Sumantra Bose">Sumantra Bose</a>, meanwhile, argues that it is possible to characterise the Bosnian War as a civil war, without necessarily agreeing with the narrative of Serb and Croat nationalists. He states that while "all episodes of severe violence have been sparked by 'external' events and forces, local society too has been deeply implicated in that violence" and therefore argues that "it makes relatively more sense to regard the 1992–95 conflict in Bosnia as a 'civil war' – albeit obviously with a vital dimension that is territorially external to Bosnia".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose200221-405">[404]</a> In the cases involving <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Tadi%C4%87" title="Duško Tadić">Duško Tadić</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zdravko_Muci%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zdravko Mucić (page does not exist)">Zdravko Mucić</a>, the ICTY concluded that the conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an international one: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[F]or the period material to this case (1992), the armed forces of the Republika Srpska were to be regarded as acting under the overall control of and on behalf of the FRY (the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>). Hence, even after 19 May 1992 the armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina between the Bosnian Serbs and the central authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina must be classified as an international armed conflict.<a href="#cite_note-ICTY_International_conflict-406">[405]</a></blockquote> Similarly, in the cases involving <a href="/wiki/Ivica_Raji%C4%87" title="Ivica Rajić">Ivica Rajić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tihomir_Bla%C5%A1ki%C4%87" title="Tihomir Blaškić">Tihomir Blaškić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dario_Kordi%C4%87" title="Dario Kordić">Dario Kordić</a>, the ICTY concluded that the conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia was also an international one: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> [F]or purposes of the application of the grave breaches provisions of Geneva Convention IV, the significant and continuous military action by the armed forces of Croatia in support of the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Croats" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Croats">Bosnian Croats</a> against the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian government">Bosnian Government</a> on the territory of the latter was sufficient to convert the domestic conflict between the Bosnian Croats and the Bosnian Government into an international one.<a href="#cite_note-ICTY_International_conflict-406">[405]</a></blockquote> In 2010, Bosnian Commander <a href="/wiki/Ejup_Gani%C4%87" title="Ejup Ganić">Ejup Ganić</a> was detained in London on a Serbian extradition request for alleged war crimes. Judge <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Workman" title="Timothy Workman">Timothy Workman</a> decided that Ganić should be released after ruling that Serbia's request was "politically motivated". In his decision, he characterised the Bosnian War to have been an international armed conflict as Bosnia had declared independence on 3 March 1992.<a href="#cite_note-407">[406]</a> Academic <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kaldor" title="Mary Kaldor">Mary Kaldor</a> argues that the Bosnian War is an example of what she terms <a href="/wiki/New_wars" title="New wars">new wars</a>, which are neither civil nor inter-state, but rather combine elements of both.<a href="#cite_note-408">[407]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_war">Ethnic war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Ethnic war">edit</a>]</div> In The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_College" title="Ithaca College">Ithaca College</a> Professor V.P. Gagnon challenges the widely accepted belief in the West that the Bosnian War (and the other Yugoslav wars) were a product of ethnic hatred between the warring factions. Gagnon argues that the wars were caused by power-hungry political elites who resisted political and economical liberalization and democratization, not ordinary people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagnon20067,_87,_131,_178-409">[408]</a> In disputing the common assessment by Western academics, politicians and journalists of an ethnic war and of the Balkans as a region antithetical to Western values, Gagnon cites high intermarriage rates, the high percentage of draft-resisters, resistance to nationalist movements and favourable views of inter-ethnic relations in polling conducted in the late 1980s in Yugoslavia among other factors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagnon200632,_summary-410">[409]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Film">edit</a>]</div> The Bosnian War has been depicted in a number of films including Hollywood films such as <a href="/wiki/The_Hunting_Party_(2007_film)" title="The Hunting Party (2007 film)">The Hunting Party</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a> as journalist Simon Hunt in his bid to apprehend suspected war criminal and former Bosnian Serb president <a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a>; <a href="/wiki/Behind_Enemy_Lines_(2001_film)" title="Behind Enemy Lines (2001 film)">Behind Enemy Lines</a>, loosely based on the <a href="/wiki/Mrkonji%C4%87_Grad_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrkonjić Grad incident">Mrkonjić Grad incident</a>, tells about a downed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> pilot who uncovers a massacre while on the run from Serb troops who want him dead; <a href="/wiki/The_Peacemaker_(1997_film)" title="The Peacemaker (1997 film)">The Peacemaker</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a>, is a story about a US Army colonel and a White House nuclear expert investigating stolen Russian nuclear weapons obtained by a revenge-fueled Yugoslav diplomat, Dušan Gavrić. <a href="/wiki/In_the_Land_of_Blood_and_Honey" title="In the Land of Blood and Honey">In the Land of Blood and Honey</a>, is a 2011 American film written, produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a>; the film was Jolie's directorial debut and it depicts a love story set against the <a href="/wiki/Rape_in_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape in the Bosnian War">mass rape of Muslim women in the Bosnian War</a>. The Spanish/Italian 2013 film Twice Born, starring <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz" title="Penélope Cruz">Penélope Cruz</a>, based on a book by Margaret Mazzantini. It tells the story of a mother who brings her teenage son to Sarajevo, where his father died in the Bosnian conflict years ago. British films include <a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Sarajevo" title="Welcome to Sarajevo">Welcome to Sarajevo</a>, about the life of Sarajevans during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">siege</a>. The Bosnian-British film <a href="/wiki/Beautiful_People_(film)" title="Beautiful People (film)">Beautiful People</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Jasmin_Dizdar" title="Jasmin Dizdar">Jasmin Dizdar</a> portrays the encounter between English families and arriving Bosnian refugees at the height of the Bosnian War. The film was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Un_Certain_Regard" title="Un Certain Regard">Un Certain Regard</a> at the 1999 Cannes Festival. The Spanish film <a href="/wiki/Territorio_Comanche" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorio Comanche">Territorio Comanche</a> shows the story of a Spanish TV crew during the siege of Sarajevo. The Polish film <a href="/wiki/Demons_of_War" title="Demons of War">Demons of War</a> (1998), set during the Bosnian conflict, portrays a group of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> soldiers in <a href="/wiki/IFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="IFOR">IFOR</a> who help a pair of journalists tracked by a local warlord whose crimes they had taped.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Bosnian director <a href="/wiki/Danis_Tanovi%C4%87" title="Danis Tanović">Danis Tanović</a>'s <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(2001_film)" title="No Man's Land (2001 film)">No Man's Land</a> won the Best Foreign Language Film awards at the 2001 <a href="/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards" title="74th Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> and the <a href="/wiki/59th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="59th Golden Globe Awards">2002 Golden Globes</a>. The Bosnian film <a href="/wiki/Grbavica_(film)" title="Grbavica (film)">Grbavica</a>, about the life of a single mother in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Rape_in_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape in the Bosnian War">systematic rape of Bosniak women</a> by Serbian troops during the war, won the Golden Bear at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-411">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[411]</a> The 2003 film <a href="/wiki/Remake_(2003_film)" title="Remake (2003 film)">Remake</a>, directed by Bosnian director Dino Mustafić and written by <a href="/wiki/Zlatko_Top%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Zlatko Topčić">Zlatko Topčić</a>, follows father Ahmed and son Tarik Karaga during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a>. It premiered at the 32nd <a href="/wiki/International_Film_Festival_Rotterdam" title="International Film Festival Rotterdam">International Film Festival Rotterdam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-413">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[414]</a> The 2010 film <a href="/wiki/The_Abandoned_(2010_film)" title="The Abandoned (2010 film)">The Abandoned</a>, directed by Adis Bakrač and written by <a href="/wiki/Zlatko_Top%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Zlatko Topčić">Zlatko Topčić</a>, tells the story of a boy from a home for abandoned children who tries to find the truth about his origins, it being implied that he is the child of a rape. The film premiered at the <a href="/wiki/45th_Karlovy_Vary_International_Film_Festival" title="45th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival">45th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-416">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[417]</a> The 1997 film <a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Circle" title="The Perfect Circle">The Perfect Circle</a>, directed by Bosnian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Ademir_Kenovi%C4%87" title="Ademir Kenović">Ademir Kenović</a>, tells the story of two boys during the Siege of Sarajevo and was awarded with the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chalais_Prize" title="François Chalais Prize">François Chalais Prize</a> at the 1997 Cannes Festival. The 1998 film <a href="/wiki/Savior_(film)" title="Savior (film)">Savior</a>, starring Dennis Quaid tells the story of a hardened mercenary in the Foreign Legion who begins to find his own humanity when confronted with atrocities during the fighting in Bosnia. <a href="/wiki/Pretty_Village,_Pretty_Flame" title="Pretty Village, Pretty Flame">Pretty Village, Pretty Flame</a> directed by Serbian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%91an_Dragojevi%C4%87" title="Srđan Dragojević">Srđan Dragojević</a>, presents a bleak yet darkly humorous account of the Bosnian War. The Serbian film <a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Miracle" title="Life Is a Miracle">Life Is a Miracle</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Emir_Kusturica" title="Emir Kusturica">Emir Kusturica</a>, depicts the romance of a pacific Serb station caretaker and a Muslim Bosniak young woman entrusted to him as a hostage in the context of Bosniak-Serb border clashes; it was nominated at the 2004 Cannes Festival.<a href="#cite_note-festival-cannes.com-419">[418]</a> Short films include <a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_the_Son_(2007_film)" title="In the Name of the Son (2007 film)">In the Name of the Son</a>, about a father who murders his son during the Bosnian War, and <a href="/wiki/10_Minutes_(2002_film)" title="10 Minutes (2002 film)">10 Minutes</a>, which contrasts 10 minutes of life of a Japanese tourist in Rome with a Bosnian family during the war. 10 Minutes was awarded <a href="/wiki/European_Film_Award_for_Best_Short_Film" title="European Film Award for Best Short Film">Best short film of 2002</a> by the <a href="/wiki/European_Film_Academy" title="European Film Academy">European Film Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-European_Film_Awards_20022-420">[419]</a> A number of Western films have used the Bosnian conflict as their background – these include <a href="/wiki/Avenger_(film)" title="Avenger (film)">Avenger</a>, based on Frederick Forsyth's novel in which a mercenary tracks down a Serbian warlord responsible for war crimes, and The Peacemaker, in which a devastated Yugoslav man plots to take revenge on the United Nations by exploding a nuclear bomb in New York. <a href="/wiki/The_Whistleblower" title="The Whistleblower">The Whistleblower</a> is based on the story of <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bolkovac" title="Kathryn Bolkovac">Kathryn Bolkovac</a>, a UN peacekeeper who uncovered a <a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">sex trafficking</a> scandal in post-war Bosnia. <a href="/wiki/Shot_Through_the_Heart_(film)" title="Shot Through the Heart (film)">Shot Through the Heart</a> is a 1998 TV film, directed by David Attwood, shown on BBC and HBO in 1998, which covers the Siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War from the perspective of two Olympic-level Yugoslavian marksmen, one whom becomes a sniper.<a href="#cite_note-421">[420]</a> <a href="/wiki/Quo_Vadis,_Aida%3F" title="Quo Vadis, Aida?">Quo Vadis, Aida?</a> is a 2020 Bosnian film, written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jasmila_%C5%BDbani%C4%87" title="Jasmila Žbanić">Jasmila Žbanić</a>, about Aida, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> translator who tries to save her family after the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> takes over the city of <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica" title="Srebrenica">Srebrenica</a> immediately prior to the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STimes-422">[421]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drama_series">Drama series</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Drama series">edit</a>]</div> The award-winning British television series, <a href="/wiki/Warriors_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warriors (TV series)">Warriors</a>, aired on <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> in 1999. It tells the story of a group of British <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeepers</a> during the <a href="/wiki/La%C5%A1va_Valley_ethnic_cleansing" title="Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing">Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing</a>. Many of the war's events were depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani drama">Pakistani drama</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Bravo_Charlie" title="Alpha Bravo Charlie">Alpha Bravo Charlie</a>, written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Shoaib_Mansoor" title="Shoaib Mansoor">Shoaib Mansoor</a> in 1998. Produced by the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Public_Relations" title="Inter-Services Public Relations">Inter-Services Public Relations</a> (ISPR), the series showed several active battlefield events and the involvement of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan military</a> personnel in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions_involving_Pakistan" title="United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan">UN peacekeeping missions</a>. Alpha Bravo Charlie was presented on <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">Pakistan Television Corporation</a> (PTV). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Documentaries">edit</a>]</div> A BBC documentary series, <a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Yugoslavia" title="The Death of Yugoslavia">The Death of Yugoslavia</a>, covers the collapse of Yugoslavia from the roots of the conflict in the 1980s to the subsequent wars and peace accords, and a BBC book was issued with the same title. Other documentaries include <a href="/wiki/Bernard-Henri_L%C3%A9vy" title="Bernard-Henri Lévy">Bernard-Henri Lévy</a>'s Bosna! about Bosnian resistance against well equipped Serbian troops at the beginning of the war; the <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> documentary Tunel upanja (A Tunnel of Hope) about the <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Tunnel" title="Sarajevo Tunnel">Sarajevo Tunnel</a> constructed by the besieged citizens of Sarajevo to link Sarajevo with Bosnian government territory; and the British documentary <a href="/wiki/A_Cry_from_the_Grave" title="A Cry from the Grave">A Cry from the Grave</a> about the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Miracle_in_Bosnia" title="Miracle in Bosnia">Miracle in Bosnia</a> is a 1995 documentary film shot on the occasion of the third anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>; it premiered at the <a href="/wiki/1995_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1995 Cannes Film Festival">1995 Cannes Film Festival</a> and won the Special Award.<a href="#cite_note-BHfilm-423">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a> The Bosnian War is a central focus in <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat_(2015_film)" title="The Diplomat (2015 film)">The Diplomat</a>, a documentary about the career of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Holbrooke" title="Richard Holbrooke">Richard Holbrooke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-426">[425]</a> Yugoslavia: The Avoidable War (1999) looks at the wider context of the ex-Yugoslavian civil wars. Scream for Me Sarajevo is a 2017 documentary directed by Tarik Hodzic about a concert played by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Dickinson" title="Bruce Dickinson">Bruce Dickinson</a>, the lead singer of an English <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a> and his band <a href="/wiki/Skunkworks_(album)" title="Skunkworks (album)">Skunkworks</a>, in Sarajevo, in late 1994, during the siege. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Semezdin_Mehmedinovi%C4%87" title="Semezdin Mehmedinović">Semezdin Mehmedinović</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Blues" title="Sarajevo Blues">Sarajevo Blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miljenko_Jergovi%C4%87" title="Miljenko Jergović">Miljenko Jergović</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarajevo_Marlboro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarajevo Marlboro (page does not exist)">Sarajevo Marlboro</a> are among the best known books written during the war in Bosnia. <a href="/wiki/Zlata%27s_Diary" title="Zlata's Diary">Zlata's Diary</a> is a published diary kept by a young girl, <a href="/wiki/Zlata_Filipovi%C4%87" title="Zlata Filipović">Zlata Filipović</a>, which chronicles her life in Sarajevo from 1991 to 1993. Because of the diary, she is sometimes referred to as "The Anne Frank of Sarajevo". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KW82AAAAQBAJ">The Bosnia List</a> by Kenan Trebincevic and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Shapiro" title="Susan Shapiro">Susan Shapiro</a> chronicles the war through the eyes of a Bosnian refugee returning home for the first time after 18 years in New York. Other works about the war include: <ul><li>Bosnia Warriors: Living on the Front Line, by Major Vaughan Kent-Payne is an account of UN operations in Bosnia written by A British Army infantry officer who was based in Vitez, Central Bosnia for seven months in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a></li> <li>Necessary Targets (by <a href="/wiki/Eve_Ensler" title="Eve Ensler">Eve Ensler</a>)</li> <li>Winter Warriors – Across Bosnia with the PBI by Les Howard, a factual account by a <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">British Territorial infantryman</a> who volunteered to serve as a UN Peacekeeper in the latter stages of the war, and during the first stages of the NATO led Dayton Peace Accord.<a href="#cite_note-Winter_Warriors-428">[427]</a></li> <li>Pretty Birds, by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Simon" title="Scott Simon">Scott Simon</a>, depicts a teenage girl in Sarajevo, once a basketball player on her high school team, who becomes a sniper.</li> <li>The Cellist of Sarajevo, by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Galloway" title="Steven Galloway">Steven Galloway</a>, is a novel following the stories of four people living in Sarajevo during the war.</li> <li>Life's Too Short to Forgive, written in 2005 by Len Biser, follows the efforts of three people who unite to assassinate Karadzic to stop Serb atrocities.</li> <li>Fools Rush In, written by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Carter" title="Bill Carter">Bill Carter</a>, tells the story of a man who helped <a href="/wiki/1997_U2_concert_in_Sarajevo" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 U2 concert in Sarajevo">bring U2 to a landmark Sarajevo concert</a>.</li> <li>Evil Doesn't Live Here, by Daoud Sarhandi and Alina Boboc, presents 180 posters created by Bosnian artist which plastered walls during the war.</li> <li>The Avenger by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Forsyth" title="Frederick Forsyth">Frederick Forsyth</a>.</li> <li>Hotel Sarajevo by Jack Kersh.</li> <li>Top je bio vreo by Vladimir Kecmanović, a story of a Bosnian Serb boy in the part of Sarajevo held by Bosnian Muslim forces during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a>.</li> <li>I Bog je zaplakao nad Bosnom (And God cried over Bosnia), written by Momir Krsmanović, is a depiction of war that mainly focuses on the crimes committed by Muslim people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Area_Gora%C5%BEde" title="Safe Area Goražde">Safe Area Goražde</a> is a graphic novel by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> about the war in eastern Bosnia.</li> <li>Dampyr is an Italian <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a>, created by Mauro Boselli and Maurizio Colombo and published in Italy by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Bonelli_Editore" title="Sergio Bonelli Editore">Sergio Bonelli Editore</a> about Harlan Draka, half human, half vampire, who wages war on the multifaceted forces of Evil. The first two episodes are located in Bosnia and Herzegovina (#1 Il figlio del Diavolo) i.e. Sarajevo (#2 La stirpe della note) during the Bosnian War.</li> <li>Goodbye Sarajevo – A True Story of Courage, Love and Survival by Atka Reid and Hana Schofield and published in 2011, is the story of two sisters from Sarajevo and their separate experiences of the war.</li> <li>Love Thy Neighbor: A Story of War (by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maass" title="Peter Maass">Peter Maass</a>), published in 1997 is his account as a reporter at the height of the Bosnian War.</li> <li> Shrader, Charles R. (2003). The Muslim-Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia: A Military History, 1992–1994. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-261-4.</li> <li>My War Gone By, I Miss It So by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Loyd" title="Anthony Loyd">Anthony Loyd</a> is a memoir of Loyd's time spent covering the conflict as a photojournalist and writer.<a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a></li> <li>The Pepperdogs, a 2004 novel by <a href="/wiki/Bing_West" title="Bing West">Bing West</a>, features a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance" title="United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance">United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance</a> team caught between sides during the NATO peacekeeping effort.<a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a></li> <li>Canadian author Steven Galloway's book "The Cellist of Sarajevo" follows three characters living through the siege and the impacts it has on them.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Miss_Sarajevo" title="Miss Sarajevo">Miss Sarajevo</a>" by <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>, featuring <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[430]</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pure_Massacre" title="Pure Massacre">Pure Massacre</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Silverchair" title="Silverchair">Silverchair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-432">[431]</a></li> <li>"Bosnia" by <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">the Cranberries</a>.</li> <li>"Sarajevo" by <a href="/wiki/UHF_(Portuguese_band)" title="UHF (Portuguese band)">UHF</a>.</li> <li>"Sarajevo" by Greek rock band <a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_De_Spell" class="extiw" title="el:Magic De Spell">Magic De Spell</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sva_bol_svijeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sva bol svijeta">Sva bol svijeta</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Fazla" title="Fazla">Fazla</a>.</li> <li>"Nad trupem Jugosławii" by Polish punk rock band <a href="/wiki/KSU_(band)" title="KSU (band)">KSU</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept album</a> <a href="/wiki/Dead_Winter_Dead" title="Dead Winter Dead">Dead Winter Dead</a> by <a href="/wiki/Savatage" title="Savatage">Savatage</a> tells a story set during the Bosnian War.<a href="#cite_note-433">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[433]</a></li> <li>American rock band <a href="/wiki/Jackopierce" title="Jackopierce">Jackopierce</a> wrote the song "Anderson's Luck" from their album Weather based on the siege, describing the life of a couple trying to survive in Sarajevo contrasted with the singer's family, safely watching the events unfold on television.<a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Video games">edit</a>]</div> The 2014 video game <a href="/wiki/This_War_of_Mine" title="This War of Mine">This War of Mine</a> was inspired by the poor living conditions and wartime atrocities that Bosnian civilians endured during the Siege of Sarajevo where the player controls a group of civilian survivors in a makeshift-damaged house.<a href="#cite_note-436">[435]</a><a href="#cite_note-437">[436]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_population_census_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina">1991 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_NATO_bombing_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina">1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_responsibility" title="Command responsibility">Command responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_for_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina">High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_mine_contamination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Land mine contamination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Land mine contamination in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="List of massacres in the Bosnian War">List of massacres in the Bosnian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_Yugoslav_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the Yugoslav wars">Role of the media in the Yugoslav wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nm-11"><a href="#cite_ref-nm_11-0">^</a> Also known as the "Aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina" (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Agresija na Bosnu i Hercegovinu), the "Defensive-Liberation War" (Serbo-Croatian: Odbrambeno-oslobodilački rat), the "Defensive-Patriotic War" (Serbo-Croatian: Obrambeno-otadžbinski rat), the "Homeland War [in Bosnia and Herzegovina]" (Serbo-Croatian: Domovinski rat [u Bosni i Hercegovini]) and the "Civil War in Bosnia and Herzegovina" (Serbo-Croatian: Građanski rat u Bosni i Hercegovini), depending on each belligerent's point of view. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2010130-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2010130_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2010">Ramet 2010</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristia2012154-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristia2012154_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristia2012154_2-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChristia2012">Christia 2012</a>, p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA199328-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA199328_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCIA1993">CIA 1993</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200322-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShrader200322_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShrader200322_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFShrader2003">Shrader 2003</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006450-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006450_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 450. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulaj200853-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMulaj200853_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMulaj200853_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMulaj2008">Mulaj 2008</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="#Finlan">Finlan 2004</a>, p. 21 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006451-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006451_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 451. </li> <li id="cite_note-RDC_2012-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2012_9-7">h</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCalic2012" class="citation book cs1">Calic, Marie–Janine (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IDMhDgCJCe0C&pg=PA140">"Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995"</a>. In Ingrao, Charles W.; Emmert, Thomas A. (eds.). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. pp. 139–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-617-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-617-4"><bdi>978-1-55753-617-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234224/https://books.google.com/books?id=IDMhDgCJCe0C&pg=PA140">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Cleansing+and+War+Crimes%2C+1991%E2%80%931995&rft.btitle=Confronting+the+Yugoslav+Controversies%3A+A+Scholars%27+Initiative&rft.place=West+Lafayette%2C+IN&rft.pages=139-140&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-617-4&rft.aulast=Calic&rft.aufirst=Marie%E2%80%93Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIDMhDgCJCe0C%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> Footnotes in source identify numbers as June 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosnia-dead-idUSBRE91E0J220130215">"After years of toil, book names Bosnian war dead"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=After+years+of+toil%2C+book+names+Bosnian+war+dead&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-bosnia-dead-idUSBRE91E0J220130215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm">"ICTY: Conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107224919/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019. 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Retrieved 24 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27It%27s+getting+out+of+hand%27%3A+genocide+denial+outlawed+in+Bosnia&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fjul%2F24%2Fgenocide-denial-outlawed-bosnia-srebrenica-office-high-representative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1995" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Cohen" title="Roger Cohen">Cohen, Roger</a> (31 August 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/31/world/conflict-balkans-overview-nato-presses-bosnia-bombing-vowing-make-sarajevo-safe.html">"Conflict in the Balkans: The overview; NATO presses Bosnia bombing, vowing to make Sarajevo safe"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bosnia+war+dead+figure+announced&rft.date=2007-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6228152.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/bosnia-s-dark-days-a-cameraman-reflects-on-war-of-1990s-1.1224463">"Bosnia's dark days – a cameraman reflects on war of 1990s"</a>. CBC. 6 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615181216/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2012/04/05/f-bosnia-video-louis-deguise-camerman.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bosnia%27s+dark+days+%E2%80%93+a+cameraman+reflects+on+war+of+1990s&rft.date=2012-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fbosnia-s-dark-days-a-cameraman-reflects-on-war-of-1990s-1.1224463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019265,_412-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019265,_412_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLogos2019">Logos 2019</a>, p. 265, 412. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jolie-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jolie_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jolie_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/4bbb422512.html">"Jolie highlights the continuing suffering of the displaced in Bosnia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>. 6 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129080939/http://www.unhcr.org/4bbb422512.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jolie+highlights+the+continuing+suffering+of+the+displaced+in+Bosnia&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2F4bbb422512.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann" class="citation web cs1">Hartmann, Florence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509083402/http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/bosnia/">"Bosnia"</a>. Crimes of War. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/bosnia/">the original</a> on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bosnia&rft.pub=Crimes+of+War&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crimesofwar.org%2Fa-z-guide%2Fbosnia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarsch2015" class="citation book cs1">Harsch, Michael F. (2015). The Power of Dependence: NATO-UN Cooperation in Crisis Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-872231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-872231-1"><bdi>978-0-19-872231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Dependence%3A+NATO-UN+Cooperation+in+Crisis+Management&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-872231-1&rft.aulast=Harsch&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup2015222-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup2015222_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup2015222_30-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurgShoup2015">Burg & Shoup 2015</a>, p. 222. </li> <li id="cite_note-Palgrave_Macmillan-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_Macmillan_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_Macmillan_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowe2013" class="citation book cs1">Crowe, David M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aynFAgAAQBAJ">War Crimes, Genocide, and Justice: A Global History</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-62224-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-62224-1"><bdi>978-0-230-62224-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234220/https://books.google.com/books?id=aynFAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Crimes%2C+Genocide%2C+and+Justice%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-230-62224-1&rft.aulast=Crowe&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaynFAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose2009124-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBose2009124_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBose2009124_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBose2009124_32-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBose2009">Bose 2009</a>, p. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2001" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, Martha (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNKlZh3FwRUC&pg=PA57">Women and Civil War: Impact, Organizations, and Action</a>. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 57, The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was recognised by the European Union on 6 April. On the same date, Bosnian Serb nationalists began the siege of Sarajevo, and the Bosnian war began. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781588260468" title="Special:BookSources/9781588260468"><bdi>9781588260468</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Civil+War%3A+Impact%2C+Organizations%2C+and+Action&rft.pages=57%2C+%27%27The+Republic+of+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina+was+recognised+by+the+European+Union+on+6+April.+On+the+same+date%2C+Bosnian+Serb+nationalists+began+the+siege+of+Sarajevo%2C+and+the+Bosnian+war+began.%27%27&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781588260468&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNKlZh3FwRUC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond200751-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond200751_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammond200751_34-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHammond2007">Hammond 2007</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogel2004" class="citation book cs1">Rogel, Carole (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/breakupofyugosla00roge_0">The Breakup of Yugoslavia and Its Aftermath</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 59, Neither recognition nor UN membership, however, saved Bosnia from the JNA, the war there began on April 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313323577" title="Special:BookSources/9780313323577"><bdi>9780313323577</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Breakup+of+Yugoslavia+and+Its+Aftermath&rft.pages=59%2C+%27%27Neither+recognition+nor+UN+membership%2C+however%2C+saved+Bosnia+from+the+JNA%2C+the+war+there+began+on+April+6.%27%27&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780313323577&rft.aulast=Rogel&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbreakupofyugosla00roge_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulaj200876-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMulaj200876_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMulaj2008">Mulaj 2008</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonia2006291-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonia2006291_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonia2006">Donia 2006</a>, p. 291. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonia2006284-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonia2006284_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonia2006">Donia 2006</a>, p. 284. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_69290.htm">"15 years ago, Dayton Peace Accords: a milestone for NATO and the Balkans"</a>. 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MacMillan Press. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23084-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23084-5"><bdi>978-0-312-23084-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+fragmentation+of+Yugoslavia%3A+nationalism+and+war+in+the+Balkans&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=MacMillan+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-23084-5&rft.aulast=Pavkovic&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crnobanja-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Crnobanja_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrnobrnja1994" class="citation book cs1">Crnobrnja, Mihailo (1994). The Yugoslav drama. I.B. 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Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-294-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-294-3"><bdi>978-1-57607-294-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+former+Yugoslavia%27s+Diverse+Peoples%3A+A+Reference+Sourcebook&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-294-3&rft.aulast=Klemen%C4%8Di%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Matja%C5%BE&rft.au=%C5%BDagar%2C+Mitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DORSMBFwjAKcC%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethlehem1997p20-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Bethlehem1997p20_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethlehemWeller1997">Bethlehem & Weller 1997</a>, p. 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hqDqwLqFJg">The Death Of Yugoslavia Part 1 Enter Nationalism 5</a>, May 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221016222359/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hqDqwLqFJg">archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2022, retrieved 16 October 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+Of+Yugoslavia+Part+1+Enter+Nationalism+5&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_hqDqwLqFJg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1998" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, David (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationaldeconstr0000camp">National deconstruction: Violence, identity, and justice in Bosnia</a>. 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Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 79–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8141-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8141-7"><bdi>978-1-4039-8141-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Conflict+and+International+Politics%3A+Explaining+Diffusion+and+Escalation&rft.pages=79-&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-8141-7&rft.au=S.+Lobell&rft.au=P.+Mauceri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_fvFAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadkovich2007239-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadkovich2007239_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSadkovich2007">Sadkovich 2007</a>, p. 239. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006386-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006386_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 386. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELučić200872-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELučić200872_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLučić2008">Lučić 2008</a>, p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELučić200874–75-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELučić200874–75_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLučić2008">Lučić 2008</a>, pp. 74–75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001248-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner2001248_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanner2001">Tanner 2001</a>, p. 248. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA200258,_91-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA200258,_91_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCIA2002">CIA 2002</a>, pp. 58, 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996206-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996206_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLukicLynch1996">Lukic & Lynch 1996</a>, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006426-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006426_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 426. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchindler200771-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchindler200771_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchindler2007">Schindler 2007</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaspersen201082-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaspersen201082_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCaspersen2010">Caspersen 2010</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228_57-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008228_57-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrbovich2008">Trbovich 2008</a>, p. 228. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199985-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup199985_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurgShoup1999">Burg & Shoup 1999</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200359–61-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShrader200359–61_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShrader2003">Shrader 2003</a>, pp. 59–61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006416-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006416_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 416. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200325-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShrader200325_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShrader2003">Shrader 2003</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Tape record of the BiH Parliament, 88/3. – 89/2. 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Yale University Press. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300147841" title="Special:BookSources/9780300147841"><bdi>9780300147841</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs%3A+History%2C+Myth+and+the+Destruction+of+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780300147841&rft.aulast=Judah&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKxQaCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996204-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996204_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLukicLynch1996">Lukic & Lynch 1996</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCard2010" class="citation book cs1">Card, Claudia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/confrontingevils0000card">Confronting Evils: Terrorism, Torture, Genocide</a>. 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A&C Black. pp. 426–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780747533948" title="Special:BookSources/9780747533948"><bdi>9780747533948</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Down+with+Big+Brother%3A+The+Fall+of+the+Soviet+Empire&rft.pages=426-27&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780747533948&rft.aulast=Dobbs&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAcgyAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reneo-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Reneo_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukiLynch1996" class="citation book cs1">Luki, Reneo; Lynch, Allen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WPhhLfp8huIC&pg=PA204">Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union</a>. 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Los Angeles Times. 5 April 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190116142800/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-04-05/news/mn-55275_1_iranian-arms-shipments">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+OKd+Iranian+Arms+for+Bosnia%2C+Officials+Say&rft.date=1996-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1996-04-05-mn-55275-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRPT-105hrpt804/html/CRPT-105hrpt804.htm">"House Report 105-804 – INVESTIGATION INTO IRANIAN ARMS SHIPMENTS TO BOSNIA"</a>. www.govinfo.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310005203/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRPT-105hrpt804/html/CRPT-105hrpt804.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.govinfo.gov&rft.atitle=House+Report+105-804+%E2%80%93+INVESTIGATION+INTO+IRANIAN+ARMS+SHIPMENTS+TO+BOSNIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCRPT-105hrpt804%2Fhtml%2FCRPT-105hrpt804.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/audio_video/programmes/correspondent/transcripts/1402591.txt">"BBC Correspondent: Allies and Lies transcript"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729022002/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/audio_video/programmes/correspondent/transcripts/1402591.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Correspondent%3A+Allies+and+Lies+transcript&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Faudio_video%2Fprogrammes%2Fcorrespondent%2Ftranscripts%2F1402591.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiebes2003" class="citation book cs1">Wiebes, Cees (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TINpAAAAMAAJ&q=isi+bosnia">Intelligence and the War in Bosnia, 1992–1995: Volume 1 of Studies in intelligence history</a>. LIT Verlag. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783825863470" title="Special:BookSources/9783825863470"><bdi>9783825863470</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116113902/https://books.google.com/books?id=TINpAAAAMAAJ&q=isi+bosnia">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2020. <q>Pakistan definitely defied the United Nations ban on supply of arms to the Bosnian Muslims and sophisticated anti-tank guided missiles were airlifted by the Pakistani intelligence agency, ISI, to help Bosnians fight the Serbs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intelligence+and+the+War+in+Bosnia%2C+1992%E2%80%931995%3A+Volume+1+of+Studies+in+intelligence+history&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9783825863470&rft.aulast=Wiebes&rft.aufirst=Cees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTINpAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Disi%2Bbosnia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2015" class="citation book cs1">Abbas, Hassan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FHKsBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA148">Pakistan's Drift into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror</a>. Routledge. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317463283" title="Special:BookSources/9781317463283"><bdi>9781317463283</bdi></a>. <q>Javed Nasir confesses that despite the U.N. ban on supplying arms to the besieged Bosnians, he successfully airlifted sophisticated antitank guided missiles which turned the tide in favour of Bosnian Muslims and forced the Serbs to lift the siege.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+Drift+into+Extremism%3A+Allah%2C+the+Army%2C+and+America%27s+War+on+Terror&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317463283&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFHKsBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchindler" class="citation book cs1">Schindler, John R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c8Xb6x2XYvIC&pg=PA154">Unholy Terror</a>. Zenith Imprint. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781616739645" title="Special:BookSources/9781616739645"><bdi>9781616739645</bdi></a>. <q>Pakistan's notorious Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate [...] violated the UN embargo and provided Bosnian Muslims with sophisticated antitank guided missiles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unholy+Terror&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&rft.isbn=9781616739645&rft.aulast=Schindler&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc8Xb6x2XYvIC%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKakutani2009" class="citation news cs1">Kakutani, Michiko (24 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/25/books/25bookready.html">"Presidential Confidential: Bill Clinton After Hours"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217163852/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/25/books/25bookready.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Presidential+Confidential%3A+Bill+Clinton+After+Hours&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft.aulast=Kakutani&rft.aufirst=Michiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F25%2Fbooks%2F25bookready.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/21/the-clinton-tapes-a-new-book">"'The Clinton Tapes,' a New Book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 21 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802123807/https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/21/the-clinton-tapes-a-new-book">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27The+Clinton+Tapes%2C%27+a+New+Book&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F21%2Fthe-clinton-tapes-a-new-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor_Branch2009" class="citation book cs1">Taylor Branch (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clintontapeswres00bran">The Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clintontapeswres00bran/page/31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416594345" title="Special:BookSources/9781416594345"><bdi>9781416594345</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Clinton+Tapes%3A+Wrestling+History+with+the+President&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781416594345&rft.au=Taylor+Branch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclintontapeswres00bran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004262-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004262_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarijan2004">Marijan 2004</a>, p. 262. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200327-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShrader200327_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShrader2003">Shrader 2003</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200362–63-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShrader200362–63_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShrader2003">Shrader 2003</a>, pp. 62–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004266-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004266_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarijan2004">Marijan 2004</a>, p. 266. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004267-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004267_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarijan2004">Marijan 2004</a>, p. 267. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Blic, N1, Srna: Hrvatski pukovnik Vinko Štefanek: "Ja sam komandovao HVO na području Orašja", 5. studenoga 2016. (pristupljeno 26. studenoga 2016.) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004280–281-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarijan2004280–281_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarijan2004">Marijan 2004</a>, pp. 280–281. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShrader200346–48-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShrader200346–48_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShrader2003">Shrader 2003</a>, pp. 46–48. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaradžić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2016">Karadžić Trial Chamber Judgement 2016</a>, p. 1023 </li> <li id="cite_note-ICTYundercount-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICTYundercount_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICTYundercount_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICTYundercount_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICTYundercount_119-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICTYundercount_119-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwierzchowski,_JanTabeau,_Ewa2010" class="citation web cs1">Zwierzchowski, Jan & Tabeau, Ewa (1 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/file/About/OTP/War_Demographics/en/bih_casualty_undercount_conf_paper_100201.pdf">"The 1992–95 War in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Census-based multiple system estimation of casualties undercount"</a> (PDF). Households in Conflict Network and the <a href="/wiki/German_Institute_for_Economic_Research" title="German Institute for Economic Research">German Institute for Economic Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007015749/http://www.icty.org/x/file/About/OTP/War_Demographics/en/bih_casualty_undercount_conf_paper_100201.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1992%E2%80%9395+War+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina%3A+Census-based+multiple+system+estimation+of+casualties+undercount&rft.pub=Households+in+Conflict+Network+and+the+German+Institute+for+Economic+Research&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.au=Zwierzchowski%2C+Jan&rft.au=Tabeau%2C+Ewa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Ffile%2FAbout%2FOTP%2FWar_Demographics%2Fen%2Fbih_casualty_undercount_conf_paper_100201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999102-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999102_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurgShoup1999">Burg & Shoup 1999</a>, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Cerwyn Moore & Paul Tumelty (2008) Foreign Fighters and the Case of Chechnya: A Critical Assessment, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31:5, 412–433, DOI: 10.1080/10576100801993347 </li> <li id="cite_note-bos-122"><a href="#cite_ref-bos_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-01-22/bosnian-muslim-ex-commander-jailed-10-years-over-war-crimes-by-islamist-fighters">"Bosnian Muslim Ex-Commander Jailed 10 Years Over War Crimes by Islamist Fighters"</a>. usnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116173048/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-01-22/bosnian-muslim-ex-commander-jailed-10-years-over-war-crimes-by-islamist-fighters">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usnews&rft.atitle=Bosnian+Muslim+Ex-Commander+Jailed+10+Years+Over+War+Crimes+by+Islamist+Fighters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Farticles%2F2021-01-22%2Fbosnian-muslim-ex-commander-jailed-10-years-over-war-crimes-by-islamist-fighters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeyam" class="citation web cs1">Deyam, Abu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25982162">"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War"</a>. Academia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234221/https://www.academia.edu/25982162">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academia&rft.atitle=Foreign+fighters+in+the+Bosnian+War&rft.aulast=Deyam&rft.aufirst=Abu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25982162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas-124"><a href="#cite_ref-thomas_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasMikulanPavlović2006" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Nigel; Mikulan, Krunoslav; Pavlović, Darko (2006). The Yugoslav Wars: Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia 1992–2001. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517429-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517429-8"><bdi>978-0-19-517429-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yugoslav+Wars%3A+Bosnia%2C+Kosovo+and+Macedonia+1992%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517429-8&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.au=Mikulan%2C+Krunoslav&rft.au=Pavlovi%C4%87%2C+Darko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-niod-125"><a href="#cite_ref-niod_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://srebrenica.brightside.nl/srebrenica/toc/p6_c04_s001_b01.html">"Srebrenica – a 'safe' area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Institute_for_War_Documentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Institute for War Documentation">Dutch Institute for War Documentation</a>. 10 April 2002. Retrieved 17 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Srebrenica+%E2%80%93+a+%27safe%27+area&rft.pub=Dutch+Institute+for+War+Documentation&rft.date=2002-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsrebrenica.brightside.nl%2Fsrebrenica%2Ftoc%2Fp6_c04_s001_b01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996333-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELukicLynch1996333_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLukicLynch1996">Lukic & Lynch 1996</a>, p. 333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoknar2003-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoknar2003_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoknar2003_127-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoknar2003">Koknar 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalimović2017" class="citation news cs1">Halimović, Dženana (12 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/ruski-i-grcki-dobrovoljci-u-ratu-u-bih/25290398.html">"Uloga pravoslavnih dobrovoljaca u ratu u BiH"</a>. Radio Slobodna Evropa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802131404/https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/ruski-i-grcki-dobrovoljci-u-ratu-u-bih/25290398.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Slobodna+Evropa&rft.atitle=Uloga+pravoslavnih+dobrovoljaca+u+ratu+u+BiH&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft.aulast=Halimovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=D%C5%BEenana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slobodnaevropa.org%2Fa%2Fruski-i-grcki-dobrovoljci-u-ratu-u-bih%2F25290398.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Helena Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/milosevic/story/0,,868869,00.html">"Greece faces shame of role in Serb massacre"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802130429/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/milosevic/story/0,,868869,00.html">Archived</a> 2 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, 5 January 2003; retrieved 25 November 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarli2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karli, Sina (11 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418224408/http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/29027/svedanin-priznao-krivnju-za-ratne-zlocine-u-bih">"Šveđanin priznao krivnju za ratne zločine u BiH"</a> [Swede confesses to war crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina]. <a href="/wiki/Nacional_(weekly)" title="Nacional (weekly)">Nacional (weekly)</a> (in Croatian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacional.hr/articles/view/29027">the original</a> on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nacional+%28weekly%29&rft.atitle=%C5%A0ve%C4%91anin+priznao+krivnju+za+ratne+zlo%C4%8Dine+u+BiH&rft.date=2006-11-11&rft.aulast=Karli&rft.aufirst=Sina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacional.hr%2Farticles%2Fview%2F29027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/07/26/Pakistan-sends-more-troops-to-Bosnia/9114806731200/">"Pakistan sends more troops to Bosnia"</a>. UPI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615034450/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/07/26/Pakistan-sends-more-troops-to-Bosnia/9114806731200/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Pakistan+sends+more+troops+to+Bosnia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1995%2F07%2F26%2FPakistan-sends-more-troops-to-Bosnia%2F9114806731200%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/05/31/Pakistan-says-it-will-stay-in-Bosnia/3592801892800/">"Pakistan says it will stay in Bosnia"</a>. UPI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316214519/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/05/31/Pakistan-says-it-will-stay-in-Bosnia/3592801892800/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Pakistan+says+it+will+stay+in+Bosnia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1995%2F05%2F31%2FPakistan-says-it-will-stay-in-Bosnia%2F3592801892800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Profile-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Profile_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2010" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Mark (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QfFrZ2_KnnwC&pg=PA212">Secret Affairs Britain's Collusion with Radical Islam</a> (New updated ed.). London: Profile. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847653017" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847653017"><bdi>978-1847653017</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234224/https://books.google.com/books?id=QfFrZ2_KnnwC&pg=PA212">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Affairs+Britain%27s+Collusion+with+Radical+Islam&rft.place=London&rft.pages=212&rft.edition=New+updated&rft.pub=Profile&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1847653017&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQfFrZ2_KnnwC%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Molotsky, Irvin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/02/world/us-linked-to-saudi-aid-for-bosnians.html">U.S. Linked To Saudi Aid For Bosnians </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413222017/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/02/world/us-linked-to-saudi-aid-for-bosnians.html">Archived</a> 13 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 2 February 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisk-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Fisk_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisk2014" class="citation news cs1">Fisk, Robert (7 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/after-the-atrocities-committed-against-muslims-in-bosnia-it-is-no-wonder-today-s-jihadis-have-set-9717384.html">"After the atrocities committed against Muslims in Bosnia, it is no wonder today's jihadis have set out on the path to war in Syria"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180717080303/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/after-the-atrocities-committed-against-muslims-in-bosnia-it-is-no-wonder-today-s-jihadis-have-set-9717384.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=After+the+atrocities+committed+against+Muslims+in+Bosnia%2C+it+is+no+wonder+today%27s+jihadis+have+set+out+on+the+path+to+war+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fcomment%2Fafter-the-atrocities-committed-against-muslims-in-bosnia-it-is-no-wonder-today-s-jihadis-have-set-9717384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atwan-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Atwan_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwan2012" class="citation book cs1">Atwan, Abdel Bari (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EDshBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT155">The Secret History of al Qaeda</a>. Saqi. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780863568435" title="Special:BookSources/9780863568435"><bdi>9780863568435</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234221/https://books.google.com/books?id=EDshBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT155">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+History+of+al+Qaeda&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Saqi&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780863568435&rft.aulast=Atwan&rft.aufirst=Abdel+Bari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEDshBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2003" class="citation book cs1">Clements, Frank (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bv4hzxpo424C&pg=PA153">Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851094028" title="Special:BookSources/9781851094028"><bdi>9781851094028</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234224/https://books.google.com/books?id=bv4hzxpo424C&pg=PA153">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+in+Afghanistan%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781851094028&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbv4hzxpo424C%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoehrel2007" class="citation book cs1">Woehrel, Steven (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HHFHe7Rf0JsC&pg=PA75">"Islamic Terrorism and the Balkans"</a>. In Malbouisson, Cofie D. (ed.). Focus on Islamic Issues. Nova Publishers. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781600212048" title="Special:BookSources/9781600212048"><bdi>9781600212048</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234413/https://books.google.com/books?id=HHFHe7Rf0JsC&pg=PA75">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islamic+Terrorism+and+the+Balkans&rft.btitle=Focus+on+Islamic+Issues&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781600212048&rft.aulast=Woehrel&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHHFHe7Rf0JsC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2016" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Michael (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvkFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186">Financing Terrorism: Case Studies</a>. Routledge. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317135074" title="Special:BookSources/9781317135074"><bdi>9781317135074</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234341/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvkFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Financing+Terrorism%3A+Case+Studies&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317135074&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZvkFDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukicLynch1999" class="citation book cs1">Lukic, Renéo; Lynch, Allen (1999). Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200426102415/https://www.portalnovosti.com/kako-su-harali-nasi-decki">Archived</a> 26 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Večernji.hr: "Potvrđena optužnica protiv deset pripadnika HVO s područja Orašja", accessed on 21=Nov-17 (in Croatian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/potvrdena-optuznica-protiv-deset-pripadnika-hvo-s-podrucja-orasja-1146287">https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/potvrdena-optuznica-protiv-deset-pripadnika-hvo-s-podrucja-orasja-1146287</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804191908/https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/potvrdena-optuznica-protiv-deset-pripadnika-hvo-s-podrucja-orasja-1146287">Archived</a> 4 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Nezavisne novine "Tuzlanska kolona teška mrlja na obrazu Tuzle" retrieved on 21 August 2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Tuzlanska-kolona-teska-mrlja-na-obrazu-Tuzle/192218">http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Tuzlanska-kolona-teska-mrlja-na-obrazu-Tuzle/192218</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406105102/https://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Tuzlanska-kolona-teska-mrlja-na-obrazu-Tuzle/192218">Archived</a> 6 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> RTS "Dve decenije od napada na Tuzlansku kolonu", retrieved on 21 August 2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/11/region/1102510/dve-decenije-od-napada-na-tuzlansku-kolonu.html">http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/11/region/1102510/dve-decenije-od-napada-na-tuzlansku-kolonu.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804192236/https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/11/region/1102510/dve-decenije-od-napada-na-tuzlansku-kolonu.html">Archived</a> 4 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._Grant2009" class="citation book cs1">D. Grant, Thomas (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Uuv0NLNdZQC&pg=PA226">Admission to the United Nations: Charter Article 4 and the Rise of Universal Organization</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004173637" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004173637"><bdi>978-9004173637</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234415/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Uuv0NLNdZQC&pg=PA226">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Admission+to+the+United+Nations%3A+Charter+Article+4+and+the+Rise+of+Universal+Organization&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9004173637&rft.aulast=D.+Grant&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Uuv0NLNdZQC%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Danner" class="citation web cs1">Mark Danner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/karadzic/atrocities/omarska.html">"Concentration Camps - The Horrors Of A Camp Called Omarska and the Serb Strategy - The World's Most Wanted Man"</a>. www.pbs.org - FRONTLINE - PBS. excerpt from Danner's, "America and the Bosnia Genocide," The New York Review of Books, 12/4/97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org+-+FRONTLINE+-+PBS&rft.atitle=Concentration+Camps+-+The+Horrors+Of+A+Camp+Called+Omarska+and+the+Serb+Strategy+-+The+World%27s+Most+Wanted+Man&rft.au=Mark+Danner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fkaradzic%2Fatrocities%2Fomarska.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/file/About/OTP/un_commission_of_experts_report1994_en.pdf">"Final report of the United Nations commission of experts established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992), S/1994/674 , p. 40,41"</a> (PDF). 27 May 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+United+Nations+commission+of+experts+established+pursuant+to+Security+Council+Resolution+780+%281992%29%2C+S%2F1994%2F674+%2C+p.+40%2C41&rft.date=1994-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Ffile%2FAbout%2FOTP%2Fun_commission_of_experts_report1994_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/en/outreach/bridging-the-gap-with-local-communities/prijedor">"ICTY: Bridging the Gap in Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina"</a>. Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Bridging+the+Gap+in+Prijedor%2C+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fen%2Foutreach%2Fbridging-the-gap-with-local-communities%2Fprijedor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Gutman1992" class="citation web cs1">Roy Gutman (2 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-02-mn-5646-story.html">"Serbs Have Slain Over 1,000 in 2 Bosnia Camps, Ex-Prisoners Say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Serbs+Have+Slain+Over+1%2C000+in+2+Bosnia+Camps%2C+Ex-Prisoners+Say&rft.date=1992-08-02&rft.au=Roy+Gutman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-08-02-mn-5646-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4083273.stm">"Bosnian Serbs voice grievances"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 10 December 2004. Retrieved 23 December 2023. <q>In three months that year, nearly 2,000 Muslim and Croat men died in detention camps in this area.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Bosnian+Serbs+voice+grievances&rft.date=2004-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4083273.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman1993" class="citation book cs1">Gutman, Roy (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/witnesstogenocid0000gutm">A Witness to Genocide</a>. Lisa Drew Books. pp. 90–101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0020329954" title="Special:BookSources/978-0020329954"><bdi>978-0020329954</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Witness+to+Genocide&rft.pages=90-101&rft.pub=Lisa+Drew+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0020329954&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwitnesstogenocid0000gutm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/02/world/bosnian-camp-survivors-describe-random-death.html">"Bosnian Camp Survivors Describe Random Death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 2 August 1994. Retrieved 23 December 2023. <q>Susica (pronounced sue-SEE-chah), where about 3,000 Muslims died and thousands more were imprisoned before exile, began its work in June 1992</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bosnian+Camp+Survivors+Describe+Random+Death&rft.date=1994-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F08%2F02%2Fworld%2Fbosnian-camp-survivors-describe-random-death.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/cases/milan_lukic_sredoje_lukic/cis/en/cis_lukic_lukic_en.pdf">"ICTY: Milan Lukić & Sredoje Lukić, case information sheet"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Milan+Luki%C4%87+%26+Sredoje+Luki%C4%87%2C+case+information+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fmilan_lukic_sredoje_lukic%2Fcis%2Fen%2Fcis_lukic_lukic_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNettelfield2010a">Nettelfield 2010a</a>, p. 189: "The essential difference was that many of those sent to camp run by the Bosnian Serbs never made it out, whereas the Bosnian government released or exchanged their prisoniers|access-date=23 December 2023" </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/cases/stakic/cis/en/cis_stakic.pdf">"ICTY: Milomir Stakić, case information sheet"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Milomir+Staki%C4%87%2C+case+information+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fstakic%2Fcis%2Fen%2Fcis_stakic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/cases/dragan_nikolic/cis/en/cis_nikolic_dragan.pdf">"ICTY: Dragan Nikolić, case information sheet"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Dragan+Nikoli%C4%87%2C+case+information+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fdragan_nikolic%2Fcis%2Fen%2Fcis_nikolic_dragan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/cases/kvocka/cis/en/cis_kvocka_al_en.pdf">"ICTY: Kvoĉka et all.., case information sheet"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Kvo%C4%89ka+et+all..%2C+case+information+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fkvocka%2Fcis%2Fen%2Fcis_kvocka_al_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/cases/mejakic/cis/en/cis_mejakic_al_en.pdf">"ICTY: Mejakić et all.., case information sheet"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Mejaki%C4%87+et+all..%2C+case+information+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fmejakic%2Fcis%2Fen%2Fcis_mejakic_al_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/cases/sikirica/cis/en/cis_sikirica_al_en.pdf">"ICTY: Sikirica et all.., case information sheet"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Sikirica+et+all..%2C+case+information+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fsikirica%2Fcis%2Fen%2Fcis_sikirica_al_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icty.org/x/cases/banovic/cis/en/cis_banovic_en.pdf">"ICTY: Predrag Banović, case information sheet"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Predrag+Banovi%C4%87%2C+case+information+sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fbanovic%2Fcis%2Fen%2Fcis_banovic_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMojzes2011" class="citation book cs1">Mojzes, Paul (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KwW2O7v7CUcC&pg=PA176">Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442206632" title="Special:BookSources/9781442206632"><bdi>9781442206632</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Genocides%3A+Holocaust+and+Ethnic+Cleansing+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781442206632&rft.aulast=Mojzes&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKwW2O7v7CUcC%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENettelfield2010a174-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENettelfield2010a174_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNettelfield2010a">Nettelfield 2010a</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016042438/http://www.un.org/icty/celebici/trialc2/judgement/index.htm">"Delalic et al. – Judgement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/icty/celebici/trialc2/judgement/index.htm">the original</a> on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delalic+et+al.+%E2%80%93+Judgement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Ficty%2Fcelebici%2Ftrialc2%2Fjudgement%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324044908/http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p561-e.htm">"Appeals Chamber to render its Judgement in the Celebici Case on 20 February 2001"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.atitle=UNHCR+and+ICRC+in+the+former+Yugoslavia%3A+Bosnia-Herzegovina&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=843&rft.pages=782&rft.date=2001-09&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2Fara%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2Fother%2F781_806_young.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter19933–4-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter19933–4_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter19933–4_185-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter19933–4_185-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter1993">Meznaric & Zlatkovic Winter 1993</a>, pp. 3–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-BosnianRefugees-1992-186"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-BosnianRefugees-1992_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYigan_Chazan1992" class="citation news cs1">Yigan Chazan (9 June 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/1992/jun/09/warcrimes">"Croatian coast straining under 200,000 refugees: Yigan Chazan in Split finds room running out for the many escaping from war in Bosnia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406110957/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1992/jun/09/warcrimes">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Croatian+coast+straining+under+200%2C000+refugees%3A+Yigan+Chazan+in+Split+finds+room+running+out+for+the+many+escaping+from+war+in+Bosnia&rft.date=1992-06-09&rft.au=Yigan+Chazan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F1992%2Fjun%2F09%2Fwarcrimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaskovich1997" class="citation book cs1">Blaskovich, Jerry (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anatomyofdeceita00blas">Anatomy of Deceit: An American Physician's First-Hand Encounter with the Realities of the War in Croatia</a>. New York City: Dunhill Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anatomyofdeceita00blas/page/103">103</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-935016-24-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-935016-24-6"><bdi>978-0-935016-24-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+Deceit%3A+An+American+Physician%27s+First-Hand+Encounter+with+the+Realities+of+the+War+in+Croatia&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Dunhill+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-935016-24-6&rft.aulast=Blaskovich&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanatomyofdeceita00blas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001287-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner2001287_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanner2001">Tanner 2001</a>, p. 287. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVečernje_novosti16_June_2011-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVečernje_novosti16_June_2011_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVečernje_novosti16_June_2011">Večernje novosti & 16 June 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVreme23_January_1999-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVreme23_January_1999_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVreme23_January_1999">Vreme & 23 January 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002b315–318-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA2002b315–318_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCIA2002b">CIA 2002b</a>, pp. 315–318. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> Nezavisne novine: "Služen parastos za 24 ubijenih Srba iz Ratkovića", accessed on 06-Apr-17 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/drustvo/Sluzen-parastos-za-24-ubijenih-Srba-iz-Ratkovica/311230">http://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/drustvo/Sluzen-parastos-za-24-ubijenih-Srba-iz-Ratkovica/311230</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804192554/https://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/drustvo/Sluzen-parastos-za-24-ubijenih-Srba-iz-Ratkovica/311230">Archived</a> 4 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-193"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarajevo.travel/en/text/sarajevo-international-airport/560#:~:text=On%20the%20night%20of%20April%205%2C%201992%2C%20the,in%20modern%20history%2C%20lasting%20an%20unbelievable%201%2C425%20days.?adlt=strict&toWww=1&redig=48472935B41D4AB8A7A3807319867D05">"Sarajevo International Airport"</a>. Destanation Sarajevo. 8 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922121009/https://sarajevo.travel/en/text/sarajevo-international-airport/560#:~:text=On%20the%20night%20of%20April%205%2C%201992%2C%20the,in%20modern%20history%2C%20lasting%20an%20unbelievable%201%2C425%20days.?adlt=strict&toWww=1&redig=48472935B41D4AB8A7A3807319867D05">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Destanation+Sarajevo&rft.atitle=Sarajevo+International+Airport&rft.date=2017-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsarajevo.travel%2Fen%2Ftext%2Fsarajevo-international-airport%2F560%23%3A~%3Atext%3DOn%2520the%2520night%2520of%2520April%25205%252C%25201992%252C%2520the%2Cin%2520modern%2520history%252C%2520lasting%2520an%2520unbelievable%25201%252C425%2520days.%3Fadlt%3Dstrict%26toWww%3D1%26redig%3D48472935B41D4AB8A7A3807319867D05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1992" class="citation news cs1">Burns, John (30 June 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/30/world/conflict-balkans-un-takes-control-airport-sarajevo-serbs-pull-back.html?adlt=strict&toWww=1&redig=A764DF8A71724215A1E476D17126691A">"CONFLICT IN THE BALKANS; U.N. Takes Control of Airport At Sarajevo as Serbs Pull Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. pp. A10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922082146/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/30/world/conflict-balkans-un-takes-control-airport-sarajevo-serbs-pull-back.html?adlt=strict&toWww=1&redig=A764DF8A71724215A1E476D17126691A">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CONFLICT+IN+THE+BALKANS%3B+U.N.+Takes+Control+of+Airport+At+Sarajevo+as+Serbs+Pull+Back&rft.pages=A10&rft.date=1992-06-30&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F06%2F30%2Fworld%2Fconflict-balkans-un-takes-control-airport-sarajevo-serbs-pull-back.html%3Fadlt%3Dstrict%26toWww%3D1%26redig%3DA764DF8A71724215A1E476D17126691A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/past-operations/europe/canengbat-mandarin-harmony-cavalier-medusa-panorama.html?adlt=strict&toWww=1&redig=1A93EC14EF3B440DBC57B387EEAD0FA1">"United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)"</a>. Government of Canada. 11 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925212607/https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/past-operations/europe/canengbat-mandarin-harmony-cavalier-medusa-panorama.html?adlt=strict&toWww=1&redig=1A93EC14EF3B440DBC57B387EEAD0FA1">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Canada&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Protection+Force+%28UNPROFOR%29&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fdepartment-national-defence%2Fservices%2Fmilitary-history%2Fhistory-heritage%2Fpast-operations%2Feurope%2Fcanengbat-mandarin-harmony-cavalier-medusa-panorama.html%3Fadlt%3Dstrict%26toWww%3D1%26redig%3D1A93EC14EF3B440DBC57B387EEAD0FA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Veteran.ba: "Obiljezena 22. godisnjica bitke za FAMOS", accessed on 06-Apr-17, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.veteran.ba/clanak/614/obiljezena_22_godisnjica_bitke_za_famos.html">http://www.veteran.ba/clanak/614/obiljezena_22_godisnjica_bitke_za_famos.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019032959/http://www.veteran.ba/clanak/614/obiljezena_22_godisnjica_bitke_za_famos.html">Archived</a> 19 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald1999" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Gabrielle Kirk (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzYznOEiZmcC&pg=PP1137">Documents and cases</a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1134-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1134-0"><bdi>978-90-411-1134-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234223/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzYznOEiZmcC&pg=PP1137">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. 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Retrieved 23 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bratunac%3A+Parastos+ubijenim+Srbima&rft.pub=B92&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.b92.net%2Finfo%2Fvesti%2Findex.php%3Fyyyy%3D2013%26mm%3D01%26dd%3D06%26nav_category%3D64%26nav_id%3D675116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw-oric-212"><a href="#cite_ref-hrw-oric_212-0">^</a> Ivanisevic, Bogdan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/12/serbia13761.htm">"Orić's Two Years"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081111231519/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/12/serbia13761.htm">Archived</a> 11 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 31 July 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-Myth_of_Bratunac-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_of_Bratunac_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_of_Bratunac_213-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508095038/http://www.idc.org.ba/project/the_myth_of_bratunac.html">"The Myth of Bratunac: A Blatant Numbers Game"</a>. Research and Documentation Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idc.org.ba/project/the_myth_of_bratunac.html">the original</a> on 8 May 2009. 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Retrieved 25 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+commander+of+Bosnian+Muslim+forces+acquitted+by+UN+tribunal&rft.date=2008-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D27263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lebor35-215"><a href="#cite_ref-lebor35_215-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeBor2006" class="citation book cs1">LeBor, Adam (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fySibOaurVsC&pg=PA35">Complicity With Evil</a>. 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Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UN+Srebrenica+immunity+questioned&rft.date=2008-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7461310.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.vandiepen.com-307"><a href="#cite_ref-www.vandiepen.com_307-0">^</a> Comprehensive report of the proceedings, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vandiepen.com/en/srebrenicaintro.html">www.vandiepen.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203222907/http://www.vandiepen.com/en/srebrenicaintro.html">Archived</a> 3 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> "Under The UN Flag; The International Community and the Srebrenica Genocide" by Hasan Nuhanović, pub. DES Sarajevo, 2007; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9958-728-87-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9958-728-87-7">978-9958-728-87-7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cobiss.ba/scripts/cobiss?ukaz=DISP&id=2315525138791328&rec=3&sid=1">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205224/http://www.cobiss.ba/scripts/cobiss?ukaz=DISP&id=2315525138791328&rec=3&sid=1">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cobiss.ba/scripts/cobiss?ukaz=DISP&id=2315525138791328&rec=4&sid=1">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024091305/https://plus.bh.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/search">Archived</a> 24 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/07/19/bosnian-serbs-muslims-threaten-ukrainian-un-forces-at-zepa/b41cb3a0-939d-4108-82e0-61a1db715ef9/?adlt=strict&toWww=1&redig=27072C4DD4EF40E8909E58447C29A856">"Bosnian Serbs, Muslims threaten Ukrainian U.N. forces at Zepa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 19 July 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bosnian+Serbs%2C+Muslims+threaten+Ukrainian+U.N.+forces+at+Zepa&rft.date=1995-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1995%2F07%2F19%2Fbosnian-serbs-muslims-threaten-ukrainian-un-forces-at-zepa%2Fb41cb3a0-939d-4108-82e0-61a1db715ef9%2F%3Fadlt%3Dstrict%26toWww%3D1%26redig%3D27072C4DD4EF40E8909E58447C29A856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001295–296-310"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner2001295–296_310-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanner2001">Tanner 2001</a>, pp. 295–296. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001297–298-311"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner2001297–298_311-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanner2001">Tanner 2001</a>, pp. 297–298. </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> Šoštarić, Eduard (14 August 2006). 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Nacional (in Croatian) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002380–381-313"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA2002380–381_313-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCIA2002">CIA 2002</a>, pp. 380–381. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2002390–391-314"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECIA2002390–391_314-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCIA2002">CIA 2002</a>, pp. 390–391. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMladić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20172315-315"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMladić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement20172315_315-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMladić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2017">Mladić Trial Chamber Judgement 2017</a>, p. 2315. </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/135/Hronika/1252690/Svedok%3A+Markale+nisu+inscenirane.html">"Svedok: Markale nisu inscenirane"</a>. RTS. 23 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131062928/http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/135/Hronika/1252690/Svedok:+Markale+nisu+inscenirane.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svedok%3A+Markale+nisu+inscenirane&rft.pub=RTS&rft.date=2013-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.rs%2Fpage%2Fstories%2Fsr%2Fstory%2F135%2FHronika%2F1252690%2FSvedok%253A%2BMarkale%2Bnisu%2Binscenirane.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-changing69-317"><a href="#cite_ref-changing69_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazzini2005" class="citation book cs1">Gazzini, Tarcisio (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fDimGeTLOLkC&pg=PA69">The changing rules on the use of force in international law</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester University">Manchester University</a> Press. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7325-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7325-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-7325-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+changing+rules+on+the+use+of+force+in+international+law&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-7325-0&rft.aulast=Gazzini&rft.aufirst=Tarcisio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfDimGeTLOLkC%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_nigjJ4SVI">The Srebrenica massacre: A defining moment</a>, 24 March 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925212607/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_nigjJ4SVI">archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2022, retrieved 25 September 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Srebrenica+massacre%3A+A+defining+moment&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DU_nigjJ4SVI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/docu/update/1995/9509e.htm">"September 1995"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. 14 November 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106160027/https://www.nato.int/docu/update/1995/9509e.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NATO&rft.atitle=September+1995&rft.date=2001-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fdocu%2Fupdate%2F1995%2F9509e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdVrQRYrv78">The Death Of Yugoslavia 6 of 6 Pax Americana BBC Documentary</a>, 8 October 2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925212605/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdVrQRYrv78">archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2022, retrieved 25 September 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+Of+Yugoslavia+6+of+6+Pax+Americana+BBC+Documentary&rft.date=2018-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGdVrQRYrv78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yearbook2003p803-321">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yearbook2003p803_321-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yearbook2003p803_321-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroup2003" class="citation book cs1">Group, Taylor Francis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XLvU9lroRuUC&pg=PA803">The Europa World Year Book 2003</a>. 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Morra (14 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2015/12/14/a-flawed-recipe-for-how-to-end-a-war-and-build-a-state-20-years-since-the-dayton-agreement/">"A flawed recipe for how to end a war and build a state: 20 years since the Dayton Agreement"</a>. EUROPP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824220725/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2015/12/14/a-flawed-recipe-for-how-to-end-a-war-and-build-a-state-20-years-since-the-dayton-agreement/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUROPP&rft.atitle=A+flawed+recipe+for+how+to+end+a+war+and+build+a+state%3A+20+years+since+the+Dayton+Agreement&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft.aulast=Says&rft.aufirst=P.+Morra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk%2Feuroppblog%2F2015%2F12%2F14%2Fa-flawed-recipe-for-how-to-end-a-war-and-build-a-state-20-years-since-the-dayton-agreement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/96-723/2">"Bosnia Implementation Force (IFOR) and Stabilization Force (SFOR): Activities of the 104th Congress"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006174841/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/96-723/2">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bosnia+Implementation+Force+%28IFOR%29+and+Stabilization+Force+%28SFOR%29%3A+Activities+of+the+104th+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FRL%2F96-723%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNettelfield2010b" class="citation book cs1">Nettelfield, Lara J. (2010b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmkhqVRxVNIC&pg=PA159">"Research and repercussions of death tolls: The case of the Bosnian Book of the Dead"</a>. In Andreas, Peter; Greenhill, Kelly M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sexdrugsbodycoun00unse/page/159">Sex, Drugs, and Body Counts: The Politics of Numbers in Global Crime and Conflict</a>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sexdrugsbodycoun00unse/page/159">159–187</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-7618-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-7618-1"><bdi>978-0-8014-7618-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Research+and+repercussions+of+death+tolls%3A+The+case+of+the+Bosnian+Book+of+the+Dead&rft.btitle=Sex%2C+Drugs%2C+and+Body+Counts%3A+The+Politics+of+Numbers+in+Global+Crime+and+Conflict&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pages=159-187&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-7618-1&rft.aulast=Nettelfield&rft.aufirst=Lara+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmkhqVRxVNIC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrk2004-325"><a href="#cite_ref-nrk2004_325-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/utenriks/4260912.html">"102.000 drept i Bosnia"</a>, NRK News, 14 November 2004. (in Norwegian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218063430/http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/utenriks/4260912.html">Archived</a> 18 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191-326">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191_326-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191_326-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191_326-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191_326-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgShoup1999169–191_326-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurgShoup1999">Burg & Shoup 1999</a>, pp. 169–191. </li> <li id="cite_note-RDC_2007-327">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2007_327-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RDC_2007_327-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026220652/http://www.idc.org.ba/prezentacija/Bosna%20i%20Hercegovina.zip">"Ljudski gubici u Bosni i Hercegovini 91–95"</a> [Human losses in Bosnia and Herzegovina 91–95]. 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Petersen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fKom-fspjGQC&pg=PA121">Western Intervention in the Balkans: The Strategic Use of Emotion in Conflict</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139503303" title="Special:BookSources/9781139503303"><bdi>9781139503303</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Intervention+in+the+Balkans%3A+The+Strategic+Use+of+Emotion+in+Conflict&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781139503303&rft.au=Roger+D.+Petersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfKom-fspjGQC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988">, p. 121 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReutersBBotD-331"><a href="#cite_ref-ReutersBBotD_331-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSito-Sucic,_DariaRobinson,_Matt2013" class="citation news cs1">Sito-Sucic, Daria; Robinson, Matt (15 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosnia-dead-idUSBRE91E0J220130215">"After years of toil, book names Bosnian war dead"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Long+Ordeal+for+Displaced+Bosnian+Muslims&rft.date=1992-08-22&rft.au=A.+D.+Horne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1992%2F08%2F22%2Flong-ordeal-for-displaced-bosnian-muslims%2Fdfc4fa1d-9c0c-4326-b3f5-44ef50b77e53%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW1994-351"><a href="#cite_ref-HRW1994_351-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/bosnia2/">"War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina: U.N. Cease-Fire Won't Help Banja Luka"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. June 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020129105940/https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/bosnia2/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2002. Retrieved 25 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=War+Crimes+in+Bosnia-Hercegovina%3A+U.N.+Cease-Fire+Won%27t+Help+Banja+Luka&rft.date=1994-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F1994%2Fbosnia2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bb50.pdf">"War and humanitarian action: Iraq and the Balkans"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>. 2000. p. 218. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141002085553/https://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bb50.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNHCR&rft.atitle=War+and+humanitarian+action%3A+Iraq+and+the+Balkans&rft.pages=218&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2F3ebf9bb50.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell-Fialkoff1993110-353"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell-Fialkoff1993110_353-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBell-Fialkoff1993">Bell-Fialkoff 1993</a>, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeybolt2007177-354"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeybolt2007177_354-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeybolt2007">Seybolt 2007</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETotten201721-355"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotten201721_355-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTotten2017">Totten 2017</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips20055-356"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips20055_356-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhillips2005">Phillips 2005</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowe2013343-357"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowe2013343_357-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrowe2013">Crowe 2013</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddad2011109-358"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddad2011109_358-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaddad2011">Haddad 2011</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-Prosecutor_v._Vujadin_Popovic,_Ljubisa_Beara,_Drago_Nikolic,_Ljubomir_Borovcanin,_Radivoje_Miletic,_Milan_Gvero,_and_Vinko_Pandurevic-359"><a href="#cite_ref-Prosecutor_v._Vujadin_Popovic,_Ljubisa_Beara,_Drago_Nikolic,_Ljubomir_Borovcanin,_Radivoje_Miletic,_Milan_Gvero,_and_Vinko_Pandurevic_359-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/popovic/tdec/en/060926.pdf">"Prosecutor v. Vujadin Popovic, Ljubisa Beara, Drago Nikolic, Ljubomir Borovcanin, Radivoje Miletic, Milan Gvero, and Vinko Pandurevic"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211023111/https://www.icty.org/x/cases/popovic/tdec/en/060926.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2009. <q>In the Motion, the Prosecution submits that both the existence and implementation of the plan to create an ethnically pure Bosnian Serb state by Bosnian Serb political and military leaders are facts of common knowledge and have been held to be historical and accurate in a wide range of sources.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prosecutor+v.+Vujadin+Popovic%2C+Ljubisa+Beara%2C+Drago+Nikolic%2C+Ljubomir+Borovcanin%2C+Radivoje+Miletic%2C+Milan+Gvero%2C+and+Vinko+Pandurevic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fpopovic%2Ftdec%2Fen%2F060926.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICTY:_Radoslav_Brđanin_judgement-360">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICTY:_Radoslav_Brđanin_judgement_360-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICTY:_Radoslav_Brđanin_judgement_360-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414072922/http://www.un.org/icty/brdjanin/trialc/judgement/index.htm">"ICTY: Radoslav Brđanin judgement"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 August 2009. <q>Importantly, the objectives remained the same: to create an ethnically pure Serb State by uniting Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and extending that State from the FRY […] to the Croatian Krajina along the important logistics and supply line that went through opstina Prijedor, thereby necessitating the expulsion of the non-Serb population of the opstina.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tadic+Case%3A+The+Verdict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fsid%2F7537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICTY:_Kordić_and_Čerkez_verdict-362">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICTY:_Kordić_and_Čerkez_verdict_362-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICTY:_Kordić_and_Čerkez_verdict_362-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICTY:_Kordić_and_Čerkez_verdict_362-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kordic_cerkez/tjug/en/kor-tj010226e.pdf">"ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120629204823/http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kordic_cerkez/tjug/en/kor-tj010226e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICTY%3A+Kordi%C4%87+and+%C4%8Cerkez+verdict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fkordic_cerkez%2Ftjug%2Fen%2Fkor-tj010226e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prosecutor_v._Jadranko_Prlic,_Bruno_Stojic,_Slobodan_Praljak,_Milivoj_Petkovic_and_Valentin_Coric_and_Berislav_Pusic-363"><a href="#cite_ref-prosecutor_v._Jadranko_Prlic,_Bruno_Stojic,_Slobodan_Praljak,_Milivoj_Petkovic_and_Valentin_Coric_and_Berislav_Pusic_363-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/prlic/acdec/en/080311.pdf">"Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlic, Bruno Stojic, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petkovic, Valentin Coric and Berislav Pusic"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905185823/https://www.icty.org/x/cases/prlic/acdec/en/080311.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2009. <q>Significantly, the Trial Chamber held that a reasonable Trial Chamber, could make a finding beyond any reasonable doubt that all of these acts were committed to carry out a plan aimed at changing the ethnic balance of the areas that formed Herceg-Bosna and mainly to deport the Muslim population and other non-Croat population out of Herceg-Bosna to create an ethnically pure Croatian territory within Herceg-Bosna.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prosecutor+v.+Jadranko+Prlic%2C+Bruno+Stojic%2C+Slobodan+Praljak%2C+Milivoj+Petkovic%2C+Valentin+Coric+and+Berislav+Pusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fprlic%2Facdec%2Fen%2F080311.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2004/p860-e.htm">Address at Potočari Memorial Cemetery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403003018/http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2004/p860-e.htm">Archived</a> 3 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, un.org, 23 June 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-bosnia-serbia-court-idUKL2525037520070227">"Serbia cleared of genocide"</a>. 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The Guardian. London, UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802164653/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/23/warcrimes">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mass+rape+ruled+a+war+crime&rft.date=2001-02-23&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fwarcrimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC2002-372">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2002_372-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2002_372-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2041321.stm">"Hague court upholds rape charges"</a>. 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University of Nebraska Press. pp. 85, 86, 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-9229-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-9229-1"><bdi>978-0-8032-9229-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mass+Rape%3A+The+War+Against+Women+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina&rft.pages=85%2C+86%2C+198&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-9229-1&rft.aulast=Stiglmayer&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft.au=Marion+Faber&rft.au=Cynthia+Enloe&rft.au=Roy+Gutman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5tJflDgysEIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219012918/http://un.org/icty/kunarac/trialc2/judgement/kun-tj010222e-5.htm#VC">"ICTY: The attack against the civilian population and related requirements"</a>. 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Biljana Plavsic judgement"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901055259/https://www.icty.org/x/cases/plavsic/tjug/en/pla-tj030227e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2011. <q>Biljana Plavsic was sentenced to 11 years' imprisonment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prosecutor+v.+Biljana+Plavsic+judgement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fplavsic%2Ftjug%2Fen%2Fpla-tj030227e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/krajisnik/acjug/en/090317.pdf">"Prosecutor v. 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Duško Tadić – Judgement"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a>. 14 July 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111117/http://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/tjug/en/tad-sj970714e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2011. 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The Economist. 16 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024153639/http://www.economist.com/node/8166870">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Women+in+love&rft.date=2006-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F8166870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150826112209/https://www.iffr.com/en/films/remake/">"IFFR: "Remake""</a>. iffr.com. 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Internacionalni Film Festival Rotterdam"</a>. sarajevo-X.com. 22 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407210331/https://www.klix.ba/magazin/kultura/32-internacionalni-film-festival-rotterdam/030122001">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sarajevo-X.com&rft.atitle=32.+Internacionalni+Film+Festival+Rotterdam&rft.date=2003-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klix.ba%2Fvijesti%2Fkultura%2F32-internacionalni-film-festival-rotterdam%2F030122001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infobiro.ba/article/286978">"Dino Mustafić novo je veliko ime evropske kinematografije: Njegov film "Remake" najgledaniji je u Rotterdamu"</a>. infobiro.ba. 30 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214080232/http://www.infobiro.ba/article/286978">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2021. 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Retrieved 7 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarajevo+Festival-Goers+Overflow+at+Holbrooke+Film&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Jukic&rft.aufirst=Elvira+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2015%2F08%2F17%2Fsarajevo-crowds-at-the-holbrooke-diplomat-film-08-17-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker1998" class="citation news cs1">Whitaker, Raymond (12 April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/painful-lessons-in-how-to-say-no-1155925.html">"Painful lessons in how to say no"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120004945/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/painful-lessons-in-how-to-say-no-1155925.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2016. 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War History Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008133814/https://www.warhistoryonline.com/reviews/winter-warriors-review-mark-barnes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winter+Warriors+%E2%80%93+Across+Bosnia+with+the+PBI+review&rft.pub=War+History+Online&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhistoryonline.com%2Freviews%2Fwinter-warriors-review-mark-barnes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoyd2001" class="citation book cs1">Loyd, Anthony (2001). My War Gone By, I Miss It So. 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Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=morethanthis.org&rft.atitle=MoreThanThis.org+%E2%80%93+JACKOPIERCE+Song+Meanings+%26+Explanations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorethanthis.org%2Fjackopierce%2Fjpsongs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gotK5DLdVvI">This War of Mine Launch Trailer – The Survivor</a>, 14 November 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151228060015/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gotK5DLdVvI">archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2015, retrieved 7 March 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+War+of+Mine+Launch+Trailer+%E2%80%93+The+Survivor&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DgotK5DLdVvI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.solidaritypolicy.org/this-war-of-mine/">"A Review of "This War of Mine" by a Survivor of the Siege of Sarajevo"</a>. Solidarity Policy Center. 6 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307134059/https://www.solidaritypolicy.org/this-war-of-mine/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solidarity+Policy+Center&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+%22This+War+of+Mine%22+by+a+Survivor+of+the+Siege+of+Sarajevo&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.solidaritypolicy.org%2Fthis-war-of-mine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_2">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBethlehemWeller1997" class="citation book cs1">Bethlehem, Daniel; Weller, Marc (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SczBzxA6-IC">The Yugoslav Crisis in International Law</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521463041" title="Special:BookSources/9780521463041"><bdi>9780521463041</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yugoslav+Crisis+in+International+Law&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780521463041&rft.aulast=Bethlehem&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Weller%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7SczBzxA6-IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2002" class="citation book cs1">Bose, Sumantra (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=__l4ZQo_qnQC">Bosnia After Dayton: Nationalist Partition and International Intervention</a>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-585-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-585-5"><bdi>978-1-85065-585-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia+After+Dayton%3A+Nationalist+Partition+and+International+Intervention&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-585-5&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D__l4ZQo_qnQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2009" class="citation book cs1">Bose, Sumantra (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KKZcgOJPjVkC">Contested Lands</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2"><bdi>978-0-674-02856-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Lands&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02856-2&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKKZcgOJPjVkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgShoup2015" class="citation book cs1">Burg, Steven L.; Shoup, Paul S. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3v3qBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT222">Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention: Crisis in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1990-93</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47101-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47101-1"><bdi>978-1-317-47101-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Conflict+and+International+Intervention%3A+Crisis+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina%2C+1990-93&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-47101-1&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft.au=Shoup%2C+Paul+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3v3qBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgShoup1999" class="citation book cs1">Burg, Steven L.; Shoup, Paul S. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warinbosniaherze00stev">The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention</a> (2nd ed.). M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-3189-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-3189-3"><bdi>978-0-7656-3189-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina%3A+Ethnic+Conflict+and+International+Intervention&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-3189-3&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft.au=Shoup%2C+Paul+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarinbosniaherze00stev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaspersen2010" class="citation book cs1">Caspersen, Nina (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UtYcqAF1EegC">Contested Nationalism: Serb Elite Rivalry in Croatia and Bosnia in the 1990s</a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-791-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-791-4"><bdi>978-1-84545-791-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Nationalism%3A+Serb+Elite+Rivalry+in+Croatia+and+Bosnia+in+the+1990s&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-791-4&rft.aulast=Caspersen&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUtYcqAF1EegC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIA1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1817859/1993-07-01b.pdf">Combatant Forces in the Former Yugoslavia</a> (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014203647/http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1817859/1993-07-01b.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combatant+Forces+in+the+Former+Yugoslavia&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foia.cia.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocument_conversions%2F1817859%2F1993-07-01b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIA2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_oZpAAAAMAAJ">Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995, Volume 1</a>. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-066472-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-066472-4"><bdi>978-0-16-066472-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Battlegrounds%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Conflict%2C+1990%E2%80%931995%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-16-066472-4&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency%2C+Office+of+Russian+and+European+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_oZpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIA2002b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jodpAAAAMAAJ">Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995, Volume 2</a>. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-066472-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-066472-4"><bdi>978-0-16-066472-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Battlegrounds%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Conflict%2C+1990%E2%80%931995%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-16-066472-4&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency%2C+Office+of+Russian+and+European+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjodpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristia2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fotini_Christia" title="Fotini Christia">Christia, Fotini</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=psYgAwAAQBAJ">Alliance Formation in Civil Wars</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13985-175-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13985-175-6"><bdi>978-1-13985-175-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alliance+Formation+in+Civil+Wars&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-13985-175-6&rft.aulast=Christia&rft.aufirst=Fotini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpsYgAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonia2006" class="citation book cs1">Donia, Robert J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ACvJHam2_-oC">Sarajevo: A Biography</a>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11557-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11557-0"><bdi>978-0-472-11557-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sarajevo%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11557-0&rft.aulast=Donia&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DACvJHam2_-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Finlan" class="citation book cs1">Finlan, Alastair (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/collapseofyugosl00alas">The Collapse of Yugoslavia 1991–1999</a>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841768052" title="Special:BookSources/9781841768052"><bdi>9781841768052</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collapse+of+Yugoslavia+1991%E2%80%931999&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781841768052&rft.aulast=Finlan&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcollapseofyugosl00alas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Forsythe" class="citation book cs1">Forsythe, David P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1QbX90fmCVUC">Encyclopedia of Human Rights</a>. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195334029" title="Special:BookSources/9780195334029"><bdi>9780195334029</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Human+Rights&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780195334029&rft.aulast=Forsythe&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1QbX90fmCVUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hall, Richard C. ed. War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia (2014)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagnon2006" class="citation book cs1">Gagnon, V.P. Jr. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6vbz_WMRiwEC">The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s</a>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80147-291-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80147-291-6"><bdi>978-0-80147-291-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Ethnic+War%3A+Serbia+and+Croatia+in+the+1990s&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-80147-291-6&rft.aulast=Gagnon&rft.aufirst=V.P.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6vbz_WMRiwEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2007" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Philip (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/framingpostcoldw0000hamm">Framing Post-Cold War Conflicts: The Media and International Intervention</a>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7696-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7696-1"><bdi>978-0-7190-7696-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+Post-Cold+War+Conflicts%3A+The+Media+and+International+Intervention&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-7696-1&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fframingpostcoldw0000hamm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hoff" class="citation book cs1">Hoff, Lee Ann (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FKLu2v2_KeIC">Violence and Abuse Issues: Cross-Cultural Perspectives for Health and Social Services</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203875629" title="Special:BookSources/9780203875629"><bdi>9780203875629</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violence+and+Abuse+Issues%3A+Cross-Cultural+Perspectives+for+Health+and+Social+Services&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780203875629&rft.aulast=Hoff&rft.aufirst=Lee+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFKLu2v2_KeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogos2019" class="citation book cs1">Logos, Aleksandar (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/42147440">Istorija Srba 1, Dopuna 4; Istorija Srba 5</a>. Beograd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-85117-46-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-85117-46-6"><bdi>978-86-85117-46-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorija+Srba+1%2C+Dopuna+4%3B+Istorija+Srba+5&rft.place=Beograd&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-86-85117-46-6&rft.aulast=Logos&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F42147440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukicLynch1996" class="citation book cs1">Lukic, Reneo; Lynch, Allen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WPhhLfp8huIC">Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union</a>. SIPRI, Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198292005" title="Special:BookSources/9780198292005"><bdi>9780198292005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+from+the+Balkans+to+the+Urals%3A+The+Disintegration+of+Yugoslavia+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.pub=SIPRI%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780198292005&rft.aulast=Lukic&rft.aufirst=Reneo&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWPhhLfp8huIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Malcolm" title="Noel Malcolm">Malcolm, Noel</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8BKAQAACAAJ">Povijest Bosne: kratki pregled</a> [Bosnia: A Short History]. Erasmus Gilda. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783895470820" title="Special:BookSources/9783895470820"><bdi>9783895470820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+Bosne%3A+kratki+pregled&rft.pub=Erasmus+Gilda&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9783895470820&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY8BKAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulaj2008" class="citation book cs1">Mulaj, Klejda (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C21t6bdyv3cC">Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: Nation-state Building and Provision of In/security in Twentieth-century Balkans</a>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1782-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1782-8"><bdi>978-0-7391-1782-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+of+Ethnic+Cleansing%3A+Nation-state+Building+and+Provision+of+In%2Fsecurity+in+Twentieth-century+Balkans&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-1782-8&rft.aulast=Mulaj&rft.aufirst=Klejda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC21t6bdyv3cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNettelfield2010a" class="citation book cs1">Nettelfield, Lara J. (2010a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Bl9KT9NME0C">Courting Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Hague Tribunal's Impact in a Postwar State</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76380-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76380-6"><bdi>978-0-521-76380-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Courting+Democracy+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina%3A+The+Hague+Tribunal%27s+Impact+in+a+Postwar+State&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-76380-6&rft.aulast=Nettelfield&rft.aufirst=Lara+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Bl9KT9NME0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2005" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, R. 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(2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C">Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48750-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48750-4"><bdi>978-1-139-48750-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+and+Southeast+European+Politics+since+1989&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48750-4&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoFXdiS25N78C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC">The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchindler2007" class="citation book cs1">Schindler, John R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c8Xb6x2XYvIC">Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad</a>. New York City: Zenith Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760330036" title="Special:BookSources/9780760330036"><bdi>9780760330036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unholy+Terror%3A+Bosnia%2C+Al-Qa%27ida%2C+and+the+Rise+of+Global+Jihad&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Zenith+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780760330036&rft.aulast=Schindler&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc8Xb6x2XYvIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeybolt2007" class="citation book cs1">Seybolt, Taylor B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZ1-aX84_ggC&pg=PA177">Humanitarian Military Intervention: The Conditions for Success and Failure</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199252435" title="Special:BookSources/9780199252435"><bdi>9780199252435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humanitarian+Military+Intervention%3A+The+Conditions+for+Success+and+Failure&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199252435&rft.aulast=Seybolt&rft.aufirst=Taylor+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZ1-aX84_ggC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrader2003" class="citation book cs1">Shrader, Charles R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1_ceXJTw71MC">The Muslim-Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia: A Military History, 1992–1994</a>. College Station, Texas: <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University_Press" title="Texas A&M University Press">Texas A&M University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-261-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-261-4"><bdi>978-1-58544-261-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim-Croat+Civil+War+in+Central+Bosnia%3A+A+Military+History%2C+1992%E2%80%931994&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58544-261-4&rft.aulast=Shrader&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1_ceXJTw71MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanner2001" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Marcus (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sfcpsAoSoewC">Croatia: A Nation Forged in War</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09125-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09125-0"><bdi>978-0-300-09125-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+Nation+Forged+in+War&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09125-0&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsfcpsAoSoewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrbovich2008" class="citation book cs1">Trbovich, Ana S. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ojur7dVoxIcC&pg=PA190">A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration</a>. Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533343-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533343-5"><bdi>978-0-19-533343-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Legal+Geography+of+Yugoslavia%27s+Disintegration&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533343-5&rft.aulast=Trbovich&rft.aufirst=Ana+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOjur7dVoxIcC%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTotten2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Totten" title="Samuel Totten">Totten, Samuel</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=giRBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT21">Genocide at the Millennium</a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351517836" title="Special:BookSources/9781351517836"><bdi>9781351517836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+at+the+Millennium&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351517836&rft.aulast=Totten&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgiRBDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2013" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Elisabeth J. (2013). Miranda A.H Horvath, Jessica Woodhams (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t2CVyL_-P7sC">Handbook on the Study of Multiple Perpetrator Rape: A multidisciplinary response to an international problem</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-50044-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-50044-9"><bdi>978-0-415-50044-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+on+the+Study+of+Multiple+Perpetrator+Rape%3A+A+multidisciplinary+response+to+an+international+problem&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-50044-9&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt2CVyL_-P7sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Journals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Baker, Catherine. "Between the round table and the waiting room: Scholarship on war and peace in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo after the 'Post-Cold War'." Contemporary European History 28.1 (2019): 107–119. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1285465/1159089.pdf">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell-Fialkoff1993" class="citation journal cs1">Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew (1993). "A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing". <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. 72 (3): 110–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20045626">10.2307/20045626</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045626">20045626</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27821821">27821821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Ethnic+Cleansing&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=110-121&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27821821%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20045626%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20045626&rft.aulast=Bell-Fialkoff&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddad2011" class="citation journal cs1">Haddad, Heidi Nichols (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12142-010-0163-x">"Mobilizing the Will to Prosecute: Crimes of Rape at the Yugoslav and Rwandan Tribunals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Review" title="Human Rights Review">Human Rights Review</a>. 12: 109–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12142-010-0163-x">10.1007/s12142-010-0163-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55172255">55172255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Review&rft.atitle=Mobilizing+the+Will+to+Prosecute%3A+Crimes+of+Rape+at+the+Yugoslav+and+Rwandan+Tribunals&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=109-132&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12142-010-0163-x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55172255%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Haddad&rft.aufirst=Heidi+Nichols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs12142-010-0163-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLučić2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lučić, Ivo (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/27111?lang=en">"Bosna i Hercegovina od prvih izbora do međunarodnog priznanja"</a> [Bosnia and Herzegovina from the first elections to international recognition]. Review of Contemporary History. 40 (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Institute of History: 107–140.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Bosna+i+Hercegovina+od+prvih+izbora+do+me%C4%91unarodnog+priznanja&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-140&rft.date=2008-06&rft.aulast=Lu%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F27111%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrišto2011" class="citation journal cs1">Krišto, Jure (April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/67477?lang=en">"Deconstructing a myth: Franjo Tuđman and Bosnia and Herzegovina"</a>. Review of Croatian History. 6 (1): 37–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Croatian+History&rft.atitle=Deconstructing+a+myth%3A+Franjo+Tu%C4%91man+and+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-66&rft.date=2011-04&rft.aulast=Kri%C5%A1to&rft.aufirst=Jure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F67477%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarijan2004" class="citation journal cs1">Marijan, Davor (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/103326?lang=en">"Expert Opinion: On the War Connections of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1991–1995)"</a>. Journal of Contemporary History. 36: 249–289.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Expert+Opinion%3A+On+the+War+Connections+of+Croatia+and+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina+%281991%E2%80%931995%29&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=249-289&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Marijan&rft.aufirst=Davor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F103326%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter1993" class="citation journal cs1">Meznaric, Silva; Zlatkovic Winter, Jelena (February 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/refuge/article/download/21183/19854">"Forced Migration and Refugee Flows in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina: Early Warning, Beginning and Current State of Flows"</a>. Refuge. 12 (7): 3–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25071%2F1920-7336.21183">10.25071/1920-7336.21183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Refuge&rft.atitle=Forced+Migration+and+Refugee+Flows+in+Croatia%2C+Slovenia+and+Bosnia-Herzegovina%3A+Early+Warning%2C+Beginning+and+Current+State+of+Flows&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=3-4&rft.date=1993-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25071%2F1920-7336.21183&rft.aulast=Meznaric&rft.aufirst=Silva&rft.au=Zlatkovic+Winter%2C+Jelena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpi.library.yorku.ca%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Frefuge%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F21183%2F19854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadkovich2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sadkovich, James J. (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=24047&lang=en">"Franjo Tuđman and the Muslim-Croat War of 1993"</a>. Review of Croatian History. 2 (1): 204–245. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1845-4380">1845-4380</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Croatian+History&rft.atitle=Franjo+Tu%C4%91man+and+the+Muslim-Croat+War+of+1993&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=204-245&rft.date=2007-01&rft.issn=1845-4380&rft.aulast=Sadkovich&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D24047%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasNazor2013" class="citation journal cs1">Tomas, Mario; Nazor, Ante (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/116628?lang=en">"Prikaz i analiza borbi na bosanskoposavskom bojištu 1992"</a> [Analysis of the Military Conflict on the Bosnian-Posavina Battlefront in 1992]. Scrinia Slavonica. 13 (1): 277–315. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1848-9109">1848-9109</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scrinia+Slavonica&rft.atitle=Prikaz+i+analiza+borbi+na+bosanskoposavskom+boji%C5%A1tu+1992.&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=277-315&rft.date=2013-10&rft.issn=1848-9109&rft.aulast=Tomas&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.au=Nazor%2C+Ante&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F116628%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Other sources">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVečernje_novosti16_June_2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Blagojević, V. 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(14 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083455/http://www.bosnia.org.uk/news/news_body.cfm?newsid=1766">"The Kontraktniki : Russian mercenaries at war in the Balkans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Institute" title="Bosnian Institute">Bosnian Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bosnia.org.uk/news/news_body.cfm?newsid=1766">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kontraktniki+%3A+Russian+mercenaries+at+war+in+the+Balkans&rft.pub=Bosnian+Institute&rft.date=2003-07-14&rft.aulast=Koknar&rft.aufirst=Ali+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bosnia.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fnews_body.cfm%3Fnewsid%3D1766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVreme23_January_1999" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vasić, Miloš (23 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021226155854/http://www.vreme.com/arhiva_html/431/8.html">"Politika falsifikata"</a> [A forged policy]. Vreme (in Serbian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vreme.com/arhiva_html/431/8.html">the original</a> on 26 December 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vreme&rft.atitle=Politika+falsifikata&rft.date=1999-01-23&rft.aulast=Vasi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milo%C5%A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vreme.com%2Farhiva_html%2F431%2F8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaškić_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement2004" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/blaskic/acjug/en/040730_Blaki_summary_en.pdf">"Appeals Chamber Judgement in the Case The Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 29 July 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appeals+Chamber+Judgement+in+the+Case+The+Prosecutor+v.+Tihomir+Bla%C5%A1ki%C4%87&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2004-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fblaskic%2Facjug%2Fen%2F040730_Blaki_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆurić_Enes_et_al.2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222161541/http://www.sudbih.gov.ba/predmet/3350/show">"Prosecutor v. Ćurić Enes, Demirović Ibrahim, Kreso Samir, Čopelja Habib and Kaminić Mehmed"</a>. The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudbih.gov.ba/predmet/3350/show">the original</a> on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prosecutor+v.+%C4%86uri%C4%87+Enes%2C+Demirovi%C4%87+Ibrahim%2C+Kreso+Samir%2C+%C4%8Copelja+Habib+and+Kamini%C4%87+Mehmed&rft.pub=The+Court+of+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudbih.gov.ba%2Fpredmet%2F3350%2Fshow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2008" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/delic/tjug/en/080915_Delic_summary_en.pdf">"Judgement Summary for Rasim Delić"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 15 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judgement+Summary+for+Rasim+Deli%C4%87&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2008-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fdelic%2Ftjug%2Fen%2F080915_Delic_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadžihasanović_&_Kubura_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2006" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/hadzihasanovic_kubura/tjug/en/060315_Hadzihasanovic_Kubura_summary_en.pdf">"Summary of the Judgement for Enver Hadžihasanović and Amir Kubura"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 15 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+the+Judgement+for+Enver+Had%C5%BEihasanovi%C4%87+and+Amir+Kubura&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2006-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fhadzihasanovic_kubura%2Ftjug%2Fen%2F060315_Hadzihasanovic_Kubura_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalilović_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2005" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/halilovic/tjug/en/051116_halilovic_summary_en.pdf">"Judgement in the Case The Prosecutor v. Sefer Halilović"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 16 November 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judgement+in+the+Case+The+Prosecutor+v.+Sefer+Halilovi%C4%87&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2005-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fhalilovic%2Ftjug%2Fen%2F051116_halilovic_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaradžić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/karadzic/tjug/en/160324_judgement.pdf">"Prosecutor v. Radovan Karadžić"</a> (PDF). The Hague: International Criminal tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. 24 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prosecutor+v.+Radovan+Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=International+Criminal+tribunal+for+the+Former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fkaradzic%2Ftjug%2Fen%2F160324_judgement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKordić_&_Čerkez_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement2004" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kordic_cerkez/acjug/en/040117_Kordi_erkez_summary_en.pdf">"Appeals Chamber Judgement in the Case The Prosecutor v. Dario Kordić and Mario Čerkez"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 17 December 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appeals+Chamber+Judgement+in+the+Case+The+Prosecutor+v.+Dario+Kordi%C4%87+and+Mario+%C4%8Cerkez&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2004-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fkordic_cerkez%2Facjug%2Fen%2F040117_Kordi_erkez_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrstić_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement2004" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/acjug/en/040419_Krsti_summary_en.pdf">"Appeals Chamber Judgement in the Case The Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstić"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 19 April 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appeals+Chamber+Judgement+in+the+Case+The+Prosecutor+v.+Radislav+Krsti%C4%87&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fkrstic%2Facjug%2Fen%2F040419_Krsti_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMladić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/mladic/tjug/en/171122-4of5_1.pdf">"Prosecutor v. Ratko Mladić"</a> (PDF). The Hague: International Criminal tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. 22 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prosecutor+v.+Ratko+Mladi%C4%87&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=International+Criminal+tribunal+for+the+Former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fmladic%2Ftjug%2Fen%2F171122-4of5_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajić_Judgement_Summary2006" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/rajic/tjug/en/060508_Rajic_summary_en.pdf">"Summary of the Sentencing Judgement for Ivica Rajić"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 8 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+the+Sentencing+Judgement+for+Ivica+Raji%C4%87&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2006-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Frajic%2Ftjug%2Fen%2F060508_Rajic_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrlic_et_al.2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icty.org/x/cases/prlic/tjug/en/130529_summary_en.pdf">"Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlić, Bruno Stojić, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petković, Valentin Ćorić, Berislav Pušić – Judgement Summary"</a> (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 29 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prosecutor+v.+Jadranko+Prli%C4%87%2C+Bruno+Stoji%C4%87%2C+Slobodan+Praljak%2C+Milivoj+Petkovi%C4%87%2C+Valentin+%C4%86ori%C4%87%2C+Berislav+Pu%C5%A1i%C4%87+%E2%80%93+Judgement+Summary&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+former+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2013-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icty.org%2Fx%2Fcases%2Fprlic%2Ftjug%2Fen%2F130529_summary_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnian_War&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bosnian_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101044516/http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/tag-group-topics/future-of-bosnia/">Future of Bosnia and Hercegovina</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Insight" title="Balkan Insight">Balkan Insight</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403021929/http://www.familylinks.icrc.org/mis_bos.nsf/bottin">"List of people missing from the war"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familylinks.icrc.org/mis_bos.nsf/bottin">the original</a> on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+people+missing+from+the+war&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.familylinks.icrc.org%2Fmis_bos.nsf%2Fbottin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060617152310/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/comexpert/ANX/VIII-01.htm">UN report on prison camps during the war</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312022449/http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/333378630589b6d680256674005bc280?Opendocument">Open UN document on Serb atrocities towards non-Serbs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm">Summary of the ICTY verdicts related to the conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/reports/2004/ij/icty/2.htm">Summary of the ICTY verdicts related to the conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia</a></li> <li>Roy, Pinaki. "Bosnian War Requiems: Snippets of the Balkan Commemorations". The Atlantic Critical Review Quarterly. 10(4), October–December 2011. pp. 95–115. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-1675-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-1675-7">978-81-269-1675-7</a>, ISSN 0972-6373.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302141103/http://www.throughmyeyes.org.uk/server/show/nav.23333">Through My Eyes Website</a> Imperial War Museum – Online Exhibition (Including images, video and interviews with refugees from the war in Bosnia)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniatlas.com/maps/europe/19920622/">Map of Europe showing the Bosnian War (omniatlas.com)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1534774696/">"Quest For War, and One Green Beret's Subsequent Evolution" contains insights on postwar activities by "Joint Commissioned Observers"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heritage.sensecentar.org/">Targeting History and Memory</a>, SENSE – Transitional Justice Center</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Targeting+History+and+Memory&rft.pub=SENSE+%E2%80%93+Transitional+Justice+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheritage.sensecentar.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABosnian+War" class="Z3988"> (dedicated to the study, research, and documentation of the destruction and damage of historic heritage during the Balkan Wars of the 1990s. The website contains judicial documents from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bosnian_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bosnian_War" title="Template:Bosnian War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bosnian_War" title="Template talk:Bosnian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bosnian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bosnian War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bosnian_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belligerents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Bosniak side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="1st Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">1st Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="2nd Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">2nd Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="3rd Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">3rd Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="4th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">4th Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="5th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">5th Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="6th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">6th Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="7th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">7th Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paramilitary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_League_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Patriotic League (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Patriotic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Berets_(Bosnian_paramilitary)" title="Green Berets (Bosnian paramilitary)">Green Berets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_mujahideen" title="Bosnian mujahideen">Bosnian mujahideen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Croat side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">Croatian Defence Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">1OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">2OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">3OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">4OZ</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paramilitary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_(Croatian_Defence_Forces)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knights (Croatian Defence Forces) (page does not exist)">Knights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Serb side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Krajina_Corps" title="1st Krajina Corps">1st Krajina Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Krajina_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Krajina Corps (page does not exist)">2nd Krajina Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Corps_(VRS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Corps (VRS) (page does not exist)">3rd Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Bosnia_Corps_(VRS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Bosnia Corps (VRS) (page does not exist)">East Bosnia Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herzegovina_Corps_(VRS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herzegovina Corps (VRS) (page does not exist)">Herzegovina Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarajevo-Romanija_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarajevo-Romanija Corps (page does not exist)">Sarajevo-Romanija Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drina_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drina Corps (page does not exist)">Drina Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paramilitary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_of_Vu%C4%8Djak" title="Wolves of Vučjak">Wolves of Vučjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Eagles_(paramilitary)" title="White Eagles (paramilitary)">White Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Volunteer_Guard" title="Serb Volunteer Guard">Serb Volunteer Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(paramilitary)" title="Scorpions (paramilitary)">Scorpions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Wasps" title="Yellow Wasps">Yellow Wasps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Western Bosnian side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikarpa%C5%A1i%C4%87%E2%80%93Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87_agreement" title="Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement">Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Autonomous_Regions" title="Serb Autonomous Regions">Serb Autonomous Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Bosanska_Krajina" title="SAO Bosanska Krajina">Bosanska Krajina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Herzegovina" title="SAO Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_North-East_Bosnia" title="SAO North-East Bosnia">North-East Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Romanija" title="SAO Romanija">Romanija</a></li></ul></li> <li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Croatian Community of Herzeg Bosnia</a></li> <li>Establishment of <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)">Republika Srpska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_wedding_attack" title="Sarajevo wedding attack">Sarajevo wedding attack</a></li> <li>Declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Battle of Bosanski Brod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sijekovac_killings" title="Sijekovac killings">Sijekovac killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijeljina_massacre" title="Bijeljina massacre">Bijeljina massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_anti-war_protests_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo">1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazani_pit_killings" title="Kazani pit killings">Kazani pit killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da_ethnic_cleansing" title="Foča ethnic cleansing">Foča ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosanski_%C5%A0amac_ethnic_cleansing" title="Bosanski Šamac ethnic cleansing">Bosanski Šamac ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Srebrenica" title="Siege of Srebrenica">Siege of Srebrenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvornik_massacre" title="Zvornik massacre">Zvornik massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doboj_ethnic_cleansing_(1992)" title="Doboj ethnic cleansing (1992)">Doboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snagovo_massacre" title="Snagovo massacre">Snagovo massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prijedor_ethnic_cleansing" title="Prijedor ethnic cleansing">Prijedor ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo">Sarajevo column incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gora%C5%BEde" title="Siege of Goražde">Siege of Goražde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glogova_massacre" title="Glogova massacre">Glogova massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C5%A1va_Valley_ethnic_cleansing" title="Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing">Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Tuzla" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Tuzla">Tuzla column incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaklopa%C4%8Da_massacre" title="Zaklopača massacre">Zaklopača massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Doboj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Doboj">Siege of Doboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradina_massacre" title="Bradina massacre">Bradina massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_bread_line_massacre" title="Sarajevo bread line massacre">Sarajevo bread line massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijeli_Potok_massacre" title="Bijeli Potok massacre">Bijeli Potok massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pionirska_Street_fire" title="Pionirska Street fire">Pionirska Street fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad_massacres" title="Višegrad massacres">Višegrad massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosanska_Jagodina_massacre" title="Bosanska Jagodina massacre">Bosanska Jagodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paklenik_massacre" title="Paklenik massacre">Paklenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barimo_massacre" title="Barimo massacre">Barimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjeverin_massacre" title="Sjeverin massacre">Sjeverin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cemerno_massacre" title="Čemerno massacre">Čemerno massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bihać (1992–95)">Siege of Bihać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahatovi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Ahatovići massacre">Ahatovići massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Operation Vrbas '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Operation Corridor 92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikavac_fire" title="Bikavac fire">Bikavac fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1992_killings_of_Serbs_in_Bratunac_and_Srebrenica" title="July 1992 killings of Serbs in Bratunac and Srebrenica">Killings in Bratunac and Srebrenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Friendship_and_Cooperation_between_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_and_Croatia" title="Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia">Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kori%C4%87ani_Cliffs_massacre" title="Korićani Cliffs massacre">Korićani Cliffs massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%8Divode_massacre" title="Mičivode massacre">Mičivode massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoseoci_massacre" title="Novoseoci massacre">Novoseoci massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornja_Jo%C5%A1anica_massacre" title="Gornja Jošanica massacre">Gornja Jošanica massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kravica_attack_(1993)" title="Kravica attack (1993)">Kravica attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1a_killings" title="Duša killings">Duša killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skelani_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Skelani massacre">Skelani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0trpci_massacre" title="Štrpci massacre">Štrpci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Siege of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_April_1993_Srebrenica_shelling" title="12 April 1993 Srebrenica shelling">Srebrenica shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Ahmići massacre">Ahmići massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusina_massacre" title="Trusina massacre">Trusina massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovi%C4%87i_and_Doljani_killings" title="Sovići and Doljani killings">Sovići and Doljani killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenica_massacre" title="Zenica massacre">Zenica massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vranica_case" title="Vranica case">Vranica case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrinja_mortar_attack" title="Dobrinja mortar attack">Dobrinja mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BDep%C4%8De" title="Battle of Žepče">Battle of Žepče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Travnik_(1993)" title="Battle of Travnik (1993)">Battle of Travnik (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bugojno" title="Battle of Bugojno">Battle of Bugojno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Irma" title="Operation Irma">Operation Irma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Neretva_%2793" title="Operation Neretva '93">Operation Neretva '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grabovica_massacre" title="Grabovica massacre">Grabovica massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokronoge_massacre" title="Mokronoge massacre">Mokronoge massacre</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Bosniak_conflict_in_Bosanska_Krajina" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-Bosniak conflict in Bosanska Krajina">Inter-Bosniak conflict in Bosanska Krajina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupni_Do_massacre" title="Stupni Do massacre">Stupni Do massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Operation Deny Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEan%C4%8Devo_Selo_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Križančevo Selo killings">Križančevo Selo killings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tvigi_94" title="Operation Tvigi 94">Operation Tvigi 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres" title="Markale massacres">First Markale massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka_incident" title="Banja Luka incident">Banja Luka incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement" title="Washington Agreement">Washington Agreement</a></li> <li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%B8llebank" title="Operation Bøllebank">Operation Bøllebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_roadside_attack_on_Spin_magazine_journalists" title="1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists">Attack on Spin magazine journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1994)" title="Operation Tiger (1994)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_%22Breza_%2794%22" title="Operation "Breza '94"">Operation "Breza '94"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Amanda" title="Operation Amanda">Operation Amanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_347" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spider" title="Operation Spider">Operation Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Operation Vlašić">Operation Vlašić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 1">Operation Leap 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ora%C5%A1je" title="Battle of Orašje">Battle of Orašje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 2">Operation Leap 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_Agreement" title="Split Agreement">Split Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Pale_air_strikes" title="1995 Pale air strikes">Pale air strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_1995_Tuzla_shelling" class="mw-redirect" title="25 May 1995 Tuzla shelling">Tuzla shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrbanja_Bridge" title="Battle of Vrbanja Bridge">Battle of Vrbanja Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kravica_massacre_(1995)" title="Kravica massacre (1995)">Kravica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vozu%C4%87a" title="Battle of Vozuća">Battle of Vozuća</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Miracle_(1995)" title="Operation Miracle (1995)">Operation Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres" title="Markale massacres">Second Markale massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">NATO bombing campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Mistral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sana" title="Operation Sana">Operation Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Operation Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Operation Southern Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Sarajevo_Serbs" title="Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs">Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></li> <li>Establishment of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internment camps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silos_camp" title="Silos camp">Silos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manja%C4%8Da_camp" title="Manjača camp">Manjača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liplje_camp" title="Liplje camp">Liplje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luka_camp" title="Luka camp">Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilina_Vlas" title="Vilina Vlas">Vilina Vlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omarska_camp" title="Omarska camp">Omarska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraterm_camp" title="Keraterm camp">Keraterm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trnopolje_camp" title="Trnopolje camp">Trnopolje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C5%A1ica_camp" title="Sušica camp">Sušica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp" title="Čelebići camp">Čelebići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musala_camp" title="Musala camp">Musala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batkovi%C4%87_camp" title="Batković camp">Batković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dretelj_camp" title="Dretelj camp">Dretelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzamnica_camp" title="Uzamnica camp">Uzamnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliodrom_camp" title="Heliodrom camp">Heliodrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabela_camp" title="Gabela camp">Gabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojno_camp" title="Vojno camp">Vojno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenica_camp" title="Kamenica camp">Kamenica camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">Ethnic cleansing</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="List of massacres in the Bosnian War">massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial" title="Bosnian genocide denial">Bosnian genocide denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_camps_in_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Internment camps in the Bosnian War">Internment camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bosnian_War" title="Rape during the Bosnian War">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War" title="Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War">Peace plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_intervention_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina">NATO intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_support_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Foreign support in the Bosnian War">Foreign support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War">Foreign fighters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bosnian War">Timeline of the Bosnian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Timeline of the Croat–Bosniak War">Timeline of the Croat–Bosniak War</a>) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bosnian_War" title="Category:Bosnian War">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bosnian_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bosnian War">Commons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yugoslav_Wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslav_Wars" title="Template:Yugoslav Wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslav_Wars" title="Template talk:Yugoslav Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslav_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslav Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslav_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars and conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Slovenian War of Independence</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a> (1992–1995) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a> (1992–1994)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a> (1998–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Insurgency in the Preševo Valley</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia">2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-war protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_anti-war_protests_in_Belgrade" title="1991–1992 anti-war protests in Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_anti-war_protests_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_Yutel_for_Peace" title="Concert Yutel for Peace">YUTEL for Peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Croatia">Republic of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Slovenia">Republic of Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (FRY/SRJ)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia</a> (HRHB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia</a> (APZB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kosova" title="Republic of Kosova">Republic of Kosova</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Serb_Autonomous_Regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serb_Autonomous_Regions" title="Serb Autonomous Regions">Serb Autonomous Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina" title="Republic of Serbian Krajina">Republic of Serbian Krajina</a> (RSK) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Syrmia" title="SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia">SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Krajina" title="SAO Krajina">SAO Krajina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Western_Slavonia" title="SAO Western Slavonia">SAO Western Slavonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> (RS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Bosanska_Krajina" title="SAO Bosanska Krajina">SAO Bosanska Krajina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Herzegovina" title="SAO Herzegovina">SAO Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_North-Eastern_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="SAO North-Eastern Bosnia">SAO North-Eastern Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Romanija" title="SAO Romanija">SAO Romanija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Syrmia_(1995%E2%80%931998)" title="Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1995–1998)">Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Republic_(1991)" title="Dubrovnik Republic (1991)">Dubrovnik Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations protectorate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_for_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Transitional Authority for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium">UNTAES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">UNMIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (JNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defense_Forces_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Defense Forces (Yugoslavia)">Yugoslav Territorial Defence</a> (TO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Territorial_Defence" title="Slovenian Territorial Defence">Slovenian Territorial Defence</a> (TORS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_(FRY)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Army (FRY)">Yugoslav Army</a> (VJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Ground_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Ground Army">Croatian Army</a> (HV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defence_Force_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Territorial Defence Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BiH Territorial Defence</a> (TORBIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (ARBiH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> (VRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Serb_Krajina" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina">Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina</a> (SVK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">Croatian Defence Council</a> (HVO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Liberation_Army" title="Kosovo Liberation Army">Kosovo Liberation Army</a> (UÇK in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">R. Serbia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Macedonia)" title="National Liberation Army (Macedonia)">National Liberation Army</a> (UÇK in R. Macedonia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Army_of_Pre%C5%A1evo,_Medve%C4%91a_and_Bujanovac" title="Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac">Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac</a> (UÇPMB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military formations and volunteers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Guard" title="Croatian National Guard">Croatian National Guard</a> (ZNG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a> (HOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Eagles_(paramilitary)" title="White Eagles (paramilitary)">White Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Guard" title="Serbian Guard">Serb Guard</a> (SG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Volunteer_Guard" title="Serb Volunteer Guard">Serb Volunteer Guard</a> (SDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorpions (Serbia)">Scorpions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Wasps" title="Yellow Wasps">Yellow Wasps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garda_Panteri" title="Garda Panteri">Garda Panteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_the_Mighty_(paramilitary)" title="Dušan the Mighty (paramilitary)">Dušan the Mighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kninjas" title="Kninjas">Kninjas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serb_Falcons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serb Falcons (page does not exist)">Serb Falcons</a> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="sr:Српски соколови">sr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobutski_sokolovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobutski sokolovi (page does not exist)">Tobutski sokolovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackals_(paramilitary)" title="Jackals (paramilitary)">Jackals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Volunteer_Guard" title="Greek Volunteer Guard">Greek Volunteer Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_of_Vu%C4%8Djak" title="Wolves of Vučjak">Wolves of Vučjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKSH" class="mw-redirect" title="AKSH">AKSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Berets_(Bosnian_paramilitary)" title="Green Berets (Bosnian paramilitary)">Green Berets</a> (GB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_League_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Patriotic League (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Patriotic League</a> (PL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swans_(special_forces)" title="Black Swans (special forces)">Black Swans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_mujahideen" title="Bosnian mujahideen">Bosnian mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">People's Defence of Western Bosnia</a> (NOZB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External factors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Implementation_Force" title="Implementation Force">IFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_Force_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina">SFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">KFOR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Mission_in_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="European Union Monitoring Mission in the former Yugoslavia">EUMM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">UNPROFOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Confidence_Restoration_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation">UNCRO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fikret_Abdi%C4%87" title="Fikret Abdić">Fikret Abdić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Babi%C4%87" title="Milan Babić">Milan Babić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_Boban" title="Mate Boban">Mate Boban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momir_Bulatovi%C4%87" title="Momir Bulatović">Momir Bulatović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović">Milo Đukanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijaz_Durakovi%C4%87" title="Nijaz Duraković">Nijaz Duraković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuk_Dra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Vuk Drašković">Vuk Drašković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goran_Had%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Goran Hadžić">Goran Hadžić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borisav_Jovi%C4%87" title="Borisav Jović">Borisav Jović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirko_Jovi%C4%87" title="Mirko Jović">Mirko Jović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojislav_Ko%C5%A1tunica" title="Vojislav Koštunica">Vojislav Koštunica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Kraji%C5%A1nik" title="Momčilo Krajišnik">Momčilo Krajišnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Ku%C4%8Dan" title="Milan Kučan">Milan Kučan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Markovi%C4%87" title="Ante Marković">Ante Marković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Marti%C4%87" title="Milan Martić">Milan Martić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mesi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Mesić">Stjepan Mesić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Parad%C5%BEik" title="Ante Paradžik">Ante Paradžik</a>  <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobroslav_Paraga" title="Dobroslav Paraga">Dobroslav Paraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lojze_Peterle" title="Lojze Peterle">Lojze Peterle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biljana_Plav%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Biljana Plavšić">Biljana Plavšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadranko_Prli%C4%87" title="Jadranko Prlić">Jadranko Prlić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Ra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Rašković">Jovan Rašković</a>  <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova" title="Ibrahim Rugova">Ibrahim Rugova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojislav_%C5%A0e%C5%A1elj" title="Vojislav Šešelj">Vojislav Šešelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haris_Silajd%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Haris Silajdžić">Haris Silajdžić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_Zubak" title="Krešimir Zubak">Krešimir Zubak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top military commanders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Ademi" title="Rahim Ademi">Rahim Ademi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janko_Bobetko" title="Janko Bobetko">Janko Bobetko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agim_%C3%87eku" title="Agim Çeku">Agim Çeku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clark" title="Wesley Clark">Wesley Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasim_Deli%C4%87" title="Rasim Delić">Rasim Delić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Halilovi%C4%87" title="Sefer Halilović">Sefer Halilović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veljko_Kadijevi%C4%87" title="Veljko Kadijević">Veljko Kadijević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Novakovi%C4%87" title="Mile Novaković">Mile Novaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragoljub_Ojdani%C4%87" title="Dragoljub Ojdanić">Dragoljub Ojdanić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivota_Pani%C4%87" title="Života Panić">Života Panić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a_Pavkovi%C4%87" title="Nebojša Pavković">Nebojša Pavković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Peri%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Momčilo Perišić">Momčilo Perišić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milivoj_Petkovi%C4%87" title="Milivoj Petković">Milivoj Petković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridvan_Qazimi" title="Ridvan Qazimi">Ridvan Qazimi</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0pegelj" title="Martin Špegelj">Martin Špegelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gojko_%C5%A0u%C5%A1ak" title="Gojko Šušak">Gojko Šušak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable commanders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Alagi%C4%87" title="Mehmed Alagić">Mehmed Alagić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tihomir_Bla%C5%A1ki%C4%87" title="Tihomir Blaškić">Tihomir Blaškić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Bo%C5%BEovi%C4%87" title="Đorđe Božović">Đorđe Božović</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_%C4%86ori%C4%87" title="Valentin Ćorić">Valentin Ćorić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Divjak" title="Jovan Divjak">Jovan Divjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atif_Dudakovi%C4%87" title="Atif Dudaković">Atif Dudaković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Gotovina" title="Ante Gotovina">Ante Gotovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaim_Imamovi%C4%87_(officer)" title="Zaim Imamović (officer)">Zaim Imamović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adem_Jashari" title="Adem Jashari">Adem Jashari</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BE_Kraljevi%C4%87" title="Blaž Kraljević">Blaž Kraljević</a>  <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Lazarević">Vladimir Lazarević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veljko_Milankovi%C4%87" title="Veljko Milanković">Veljko Milanković</a>  (<a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><abbr title="Died of wounds">DOW</abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_Mrk%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mile Mrkšić">Mile Mrkšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naser_Ori%C4%87" title="Naser Orić">Naser Orić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Pa%C5%A1ali%C4%87" title="Arif Pašalić">Arif Pašalić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Praljak" title="Slobodan Praljak">Slobodan Praljak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivica_Raji%C4%87" title="Ivica Rajić">Ivica Rajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkan" title="Arkan">Željko Ražnatović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubi%C5%A1a_Savi%C4%87" title="Ljubiša Savić">Ljubiša Savić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_%C5%A0iber" title="Stjepan Šiber">Stjepan Šiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veselin_%C5%A0ljivan%C4%8Danin" title="Veselin Šljivančanin">Veselin Šljivančanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuka%C5%A1in_%C5%A0o%C5%A1ko%C4%87anin" title="Vukašin Šoškoćanin">Vukašin Šoškoćanin</a>  <a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Tepi%C4%87" title="Milan Tepić">Milan Tepić</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milorad_Ulemek" title="Milorad Ulemek">Milorad Ulemek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragan_Vasiljkovi%C4%87" title="Dragan Vasiljković">Dragan Vasiljković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blago_Zadro" title="Blago Zadro">Blago Zadro</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key foreign figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Badinter" title="Robert Badinter">Robert Badinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Lord Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James Earl Carter Jr.">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Claes" title="Willy Claes">Willy Claes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Feith" title="Pieter Feith">Pieter Feith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holbrooke" title="Richard Holbrooke">Richard Holbrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">Lord Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paul_Klein" title="Jacques Paul Klein">Jacques Paul Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Galbraith" title="Peter Galbraith">Peter Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_W%C3%B6rner" title="Manfred Wörner">Manfred Wörner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Template:Croatian War of Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Template talk:Croatian War of Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatian War of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Croatian_War_of_Independence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Krajina" title="SAO Krajina">SAO Krajina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakrac_clash" title="Pakrac clash">Pakrac clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_incident" title="Plitvice Lakes incident">Plitvice Lakes incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kijevo" title="Siege of Kijevo">Siege of Kijevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borovo_Selo" title="Battle of Borovo Selo">Battle of Borovo Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_riot_in_Zadar" title="1991 riot in Zadar">1991 riot in Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_protest_in_Split" title="1991 protest in Split">1991 protest in Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Syrmia" title="SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia">SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_killings_of_Serbs_in_Vukovar" title="1991 killings of Serbs in Vukovar">Killings of Serbs in Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisak_killings" title="Sisak killings">Sisak killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenja_killings" title="Tenja killings">Tenja killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stinger" title="Operation Stinger">Operation Stinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalj_massacre" title="Dalj massacre">Dalj massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Labrador" title="Operation Labrador">Operation Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Western_Slavonia" title="SAO Western Slavonia">SAO Western Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banija_villages_killings" title="Banija villages killings">Banija villages killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Battle of Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osijek" title="Battle of Osijek">Battle of Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gospi%C4%87" title="Battle of Gospić">Battle of Gospić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrinja_killings" title="Petrinja killings">Petrinja killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berak_killings" title="Berak killings">Berak killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kusonje" title="Battle of Kusonje">Battle of Kusonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetekovac_massacre" title="Četekovac massacre">Četekovac massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">Battle of the Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_Barracks" title="Siege of Varaždin Barracks">Siege of Varaždin Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bjelovar_Barracks" title="Siege of Bjelovar Barracks">Siege of Bjelovar Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zadar" title="Battle of Zadar">Battle of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Battle of Šibenik">Battle of Šibenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Yugoslav_campaign_in_Croatia" title="1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia">1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korana_bridge_killings" title="Korana bridge killings">Korana bridge killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovarnik_massacre" title="Tovarnik massacre">Tovarnik massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Siege of Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Selo_Glinsko_massacre" title="Novo Selo Glinsko massacre">Novo Selo Glinsko massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Banski_dvori" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Banski dvori">Bombing of Banski dvori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iroka_Kula_massacre" title="Široka Kula massacre">Široka Kula massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovas_killings" title="Lovas killings">Lovas killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87_massacre" title="Gospić massacre">Gospić massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%87in_massacre" title="Baćin massacre">Baćin massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saborsko_massacre" title="Saborsko massacre">Saborsko massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega_villages_massacre" title="Požega villages massacre">Požega villages massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otkos_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Otkos 10">Operation Otkos 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Logori%C5%A1te" title="Battle of Logorište">Battle of Logorište</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poljanak_and_Vukovi%C4%87i_massacres" title="Poljanak and Vukovići massacres">Poljanak and Vukovići massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdut_killings" title="Erdut killings">Erdut killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pula_airport_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Pula airport incident">Pula incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Dalmatian channels">Battle of the Dalmatian channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostri%C4%87i_massacre" title="Kostrići massacre">Kostrići massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kabrnja_massacre" title="Škabrnja massacre">Škabrnja massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar_massacre" title="Vukovar massacre">Vukovar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_killings_of_Serbs_in_Novska" title="1991 killings of Serbs in Novska">Novska murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_plan" title="Vance plan">Vance plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_the_Zec_family" title="Murder of the Zec family">Murder of the Zec family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Whirlwind" title="Operation Whirlwind">Operation Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulin_Dvor_massacre" title="Paulin Dvor massacre">Paulin Dvor massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornje_Jame_massacre" title="Gornje Jame massacre">Gornje Jame massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orkan_91" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Orkan 91">Operation Orkan 91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vo%C4%87in_massacre" title="Voćin massacre">Voćin massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%A1evica_massacre" title="Joševica massacre">Joševica massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devil%27s_Beam" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Devil's Beam">Operation Devil's Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru%C5%A1ka_massacre" title="Bruška massacre">Bruška massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrsar_airport_bombing" title="Vrsar airport bombing">Vrsar airport bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarajevo Agreement">Sarajevo Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_European_Community_Monitor_Mission_helicopter_downing" title="1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing">1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baranja" title="Operation Baranja">Operation Baranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Miljevci_Plateau" title="Battle of the Miljevci Plateau">Battle of the Miljevci Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1992)" title="Operation Tiger (1992)">Operation Tiger (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Liberated_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Liberated Land">Operation Liberated Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konavle" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Konavle">Battle of Konavle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vla%C5%A1tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vlaštica">Operation Vlaštica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993–94</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maslenica" title="Operation Maslenica">Operation Maslenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daruvar_Agreement" title="Daruvar Agreement">Daruvar Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Backstop" title="Operation Backstop">Operation Backstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Medak_Pocket" title="Operation Medak Pocket">Operation Medak Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-4_Plan" title="Z-4 Plan">Z-4 Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 1">Operation Leap 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flash" title="Operation Flash">Operation Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medari_massacre" title="Medari massacre">Medari massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_rocket_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagreb rocket attack">Zagreb rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 2">Operation Leap 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kijani_killings" title="Kijani killings">Kijani killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golubi%C4%87_killings" title="Golubić killings">Golubić killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzdolje_killings" title="Uzdolje killings">Uzdolje killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1995_Bosanski_Petrovac_refugee_column_bombing" title="August 1995 Bosanski Petrovac refugee column bombing">Bosanski Petrovac refugee column bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvor_massacre" title="Dvor massacre">Dvor massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi%C4%87_killings" title="Komić killings">Komić killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go%C5%A1i%C4%87_killings" title="Gošić killings">Gošić killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varivode_massacre" title="Varivode massacre">Varivode massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Maestral 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Timeline of the Croatian War of Independence">Timeline of the Croatian War of Independence</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internment camps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begejci_camp" title="Begejci camp">Begejci camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%8Dje_camp" title="Bučje camp">Bučje camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerestinec_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerestinec camp">Kerestinec camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knin_camp" title="Knin camp">Knin camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuline_prison" title="Kuline prison">Kuline prison camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lora_prison_camp" title="Lora prison camp">Lora prison camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marino_Selo_camp" title="Marino Selo camp">Marino Selo camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ov%C4%8Dara_camp" title="Ovčara camp">Ovčara camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakra%C4%8Dka_Poljana_camp" title="Pakračka Poljana camp">Pakračka Poljana camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sremska_Mitrovica_prison_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sremska Mitrovica prison camp">Sremska Mitrovica prison camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staji%C4%87evo_camp" title="Stajićevo camp">Stajićevo camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velepromet_camp" title="Velepromet camp">Velepromet camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Croats_in_Serbia_during_the_war_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Croats in Serbia during the war in Croatia">Persecution of Croats in Serbia during the war in Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdut_Agreement" title="Erdut Agreement">Erdut Agreement</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_for_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Sirmium" title="United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium">UNTAES</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Category:Croatian War of Independence">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Croatian_War_of_Independence" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Croatian War of Independence">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bosnian_War" title="Template:Bosnian War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bosnian_War" title="Template talk:Bosnian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bosnian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bosnian War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bosnian_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belligerents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_%281992%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Bosniak side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="1st Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">1st Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="2nd Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">2nd Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="3rd Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">3rd Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="4th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">4th Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="5th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">5th Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="6th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">6th Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Corps_(Army_of_the_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="7th Corps (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)">7th Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paramilitary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_League_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Patriotic League (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Patriotic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Berets_(Bosnian_paramilitary)" title="Green Berets (Bosnian paramilitary)">Green Berets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_mujahideen" title="Bosnian mujahideen">Bosnian mujahideen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Croat side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Council" title="Croatian Defence Council">Croatian Defence Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">1OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">2OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">3OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4OZ_(HVO)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4OZ (HVO) (page does not exist)">4OZ</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paramilitary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_(Croatian_Defence_Forces)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knights (Croatian Defence Forces) (page does not exist)">Knights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republika_Srpska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Serb side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Army of Republika Srpska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Krajina_Corps" title="1st Krajina Corps">1st Krajina Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Krajina_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Krajina Corps (page does not exist)">2nd Krajina Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Corps_(VRS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Corps (VRS) (page does not exist)">3rd Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Bosnia_Corps_(VRS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Bosnia Corps (VRS) (page does not exist)">East Bosnia Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herzegovina_Corps_(VRS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herzegovina Corps (VRS) (page does not exist)">Herzegovina Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarajevo-Romanija_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarajevo-Romanija Corps (page does not exist)">Sarajevo-Romanija Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drina_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drina Corps (page does not exist)">Drina Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paramilitary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_of_Vu%C4%8Djak" title="Wolves of Vučjak">Wolves of Vučjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Eagles_(paramilitary)" title="White Eagles (paramilitary)">White Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Volunteer_Guard" title="Serb Volunteer Guard">Serb Volunteer Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(paramilitary)" title="Scorpions (paramilitary)">Scorpions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Wasps" title="Yellow Wasps">Yellow Wasps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Western Bosnian side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">National Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikarpa%C5%A1i%C4%87%E2%80%93Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87_agreement" title="Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement">Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_Autonomous_Regions" title="Serb Autonomous Regions">Serb Autonomous Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Bosanska_Krajina" title="SAO Bosanska Krajina">Bosanska Krajina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Herzegovina" title="SAO Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_North-East_Bosnia" title="SAO North-East Bosnia">North-East Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAO_Romanija" title="SAO Romanija">Romanija</a></li></ul></li> <li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Croatian Community of Herzeg Bosnia</a></li> <li>Establishment of <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_(1992%E2%80%931995)" title="Republika Srpska (1992–1995)">Republika Srpska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_wedding_attack" title="Sarajevo wedding attack">Sarajevo wedding attack</a></li> <li>Declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Battle of Bosanski Brod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sijekovac_killings" title="Sijekovac killings">Sijekovac killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijeljina_massacre" title="Bijeljina massacre">Bijeljina massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_anti-war_protests_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo">1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazani_pit_killings" title="Kazani pit killings">Kazani pit killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da_ethnic_cleansing" title="Foča ethnic cleansing">Foča ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosanski_%C5%A0amac_ethnic_cleansing" title="Bosanski Šamac ethnic cleansing">Bosanski Šamac ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Srebrenica" title="Siege of Srebrenica">Siege of Srebrenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvornik_massacre" title="Zvornik massacre">Zvornik massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doboj_ethnic_cleansing_(1992)" title="Doboj ethnic cleansing (1992)">Doboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snagovo_massacre" title="Snagovo massacre">Snagovo massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prijedor_ethnic_cleansing" title="Prijedor ethnic cleansing">Prijedor ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo">Sarajevo column incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gora%C5%BEde" title="Siege of Goražde">Siege of Goražde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glogova_massacre" title="Glogova massacre">Glogova massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C5%A1va_Valley_ethnic_cleansing" title="Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing">Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_column_incident_in_Tuzla" title="1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Tuzla">Tuzla column incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaklopa%C4%8Da_massacre" title="Zaklopača massacre">Zaklopača massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Doboj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Doboj">Siege of Doboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradina_massacre" title="Bradina massacre">Bradina massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_bread_line_massacre" title="Sarajevo bread line massacre">Sarajevo bread line massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijeli_Potok_massacre" title="Bijeli Potok massacre">Bijeli Potok massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pionirska_Street_fire" title="Pionirska Street fire">Pionirska Street fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad_massacres" title="Višegrad massacres">Višegrad massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosanska_Jagodina_massacre" title="Bosanska Jagodina massacre">Bosanska Jagodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paklenik_massacre" title="Paklenik massacre">Paklenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barimo_massacre" title="Barimo massacre">Barimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjeverin_massacre" title="Sjeverin massacre">Sjeverin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cemerno_massacre" title="Čemerno massacre">Čemerno massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bihać (1992–95)">Siege of Bihać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahatovi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Ahatovići massacre">Ahatovići massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Operation Vrbas '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Operation Corridor 92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikavac_fire" title="Bikavac fire">Bikavac fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1992_killings_of_Serbs_in_Bratunac_and_Srebrenica" title="July 1992 killings of Serbs in Bratunac and Srebrenica">Killings in Bratunac and Srebrenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Friendship_and_Cooperation_between_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_and_Croatia" title="Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia">Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kori%C4%87ani_Cliffs_massacre" title="Korićani Cliffs massacre">Korićani Cliffs massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%8Divode_massacre" title="Mičivode massacre">Mičivode massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoseoci_massacre" title="Novoseoci massacre">Novoseoci massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornja_Jo%C5%A1anica_massacre" title="Gornja Jošanica massacre">Gornja Jošanica massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kravica_attack_(1993)" title="Kravica attack (1993)">Kravica attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1a_killings" title="Duša killings">Duša killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skelani_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Skelani massacre">Skelani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0trpci_massacre" title="Štrpci massacre">Štrpci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Siege of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_April_1993_Srebrenica_shelling" title="12 April 1993 Srebrenica shelling">Srebrenica shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Ahmići massacre">Ahmići massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusina_massacre" title="Trusina massacre">Trusina massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovi%C4%87i_and_Doljani_killings" title="Sovići and Doljani killings">Sovići and Doljani killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenica_massacre" title="Zenica massacre">Zenica massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vranica_case" title="Vranica case">Vranica case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrinja_mortar_attack" title="Dobrinja mortar attack">Dobrinja mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%BDep%C4%8De" title="Battle of Žepče">Battle of Žepče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Travnik_(1993)" title="Battle of Travnik (1993)">Battle of Travnik (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bugojno" title="Battle of Bugojno">Battle of Bugojno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Irma" title="Operation Irma">Operation Irma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Neretva_%2793" title="Operation Neretva '93">Operation Neretva '93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grabovica_massacre" title="Grabovica massacre">Grabovica massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokronoge_massacre" title="Mokronoge massacre">Mokronoge massacre</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Western_Bosnia" title="Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia">Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Bosniak_conflict_in_Bosanska_Krajina" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-Bosniak conflict in Bosanska Krajina">Inter-Bosniak conflict in Bosanska Krajina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupni_Do_massacre" title="Stupni Do massacre">Stupni Do massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Operation Deny Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEan%C4%8Devo_Selo_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Križančevo Selo killings">Križančevo Selo killings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tvigi_94" title="Operation Tvigi 94">Operation Tvigi 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres" title="Markale massacres">First Markale massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka_incident" title="Banja Luka incident">Banja Luka incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement" title="Washington Agreement">Washington Agreement</a></li> <li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%B8llebank" title="Operation Bøllebank">Operation Bøllebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_roadside_attack_on_Spin_magazine_journalists" title="1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists">Attack on Spin magazine journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1994)" title="Operation Tiger (1994)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_%22Breza_%2794%22" title="Operation "Breza '94"">Operation "Breza '94"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Amanda" title="Operation Amanda">Operation Amanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_347" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spider" title="Operation Spider">Operation Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Operation Vlašić">Operation Vlašić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 1">Operation Leap 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ora%C5%A1je" title="Battle of Orašje">Battle of Orašje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 2">Operation Leap 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_Agreement" title="Split Agreement">Split Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Pale_air_strikes" title="1995 Pale air strikes">Pale air strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_1995_Tuzla_shelling" class="mw-redirect" title="25 May 1995 Tuzla shelling">Tuzla shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrbanja_Bridge" title="Battle of Vrbanja Bridge">Battle of Vrbanja Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kravica_massacre_(1995)" title="Kravica massacre (1995)">Kravica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vozu%C4%87a" title="Battle of Vozuća">Battle of Vozuća</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Miracle_(1995)" title="Operation Miracle (1995)">Operation Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markale_massacres" title="Markale massacres">Second Markale massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">NATO bombing campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Mistral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sana" title="Operation Sana">Operation Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Operation Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Operation Southern Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Sarajevo_Serbs" title="Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs">Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></li> <li>Establishment of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internment camps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silos_camp" title="Silos camp">Silos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manja%C4%8Da_camp" title="Manjača camp">Manjača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liplje_camp" title="Liplje camp">Liplje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luka_camp" title="Luka camp">Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilina_Vlas" title="Vilina Vlas">Vilina Vlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omarska_camp" title="Omarska camp">Omarska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraterm_camp" title="Keraterm camp">Keraterm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trnopolje_camp" title="Trnopolje camp">Trnopolje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%C5%A1ica_camp" title="Sušica camp">Sušica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celebi%C4%87i_camp" title="Čelebići camp">Čelebići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musala_camp" title="Musala camp">Musala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batkovi%C4%87_camp" title="Batković camp">Batković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dretelj_camp" title="Dretelj camp">Dretelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzamnica_camp" title="Uzamnica camp">Uzamnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliodrom_camp" title="Heliodrom camp">Heliodrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabela_camp" title="Gabela camp">Gabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojno_camp" title="Vojno camp">Vojno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenica_camp" title="Kamenica camp">Kamenica camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">Ethnic cleansing</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="List of massacres in the Bosnian War">massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial" title="Bosnian genocide denial">Bosnian genocide denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_camps_in_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Internment camps in the Bosnian War">Internment camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bosnian_War" title="Rape during the Bosnian War">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War" title="Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War">Peace plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_intervention_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina">NATO intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_support_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Foreign support in the Bosnian War">Foreign support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War">Foreign fighters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bosnian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bosnian War">Timeline of the Bosnian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Timeline of the Croat–Bosniak War">Timeline of the Croat–Bosniak War</a>) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bosnian_War" title="Category:Bosnian War">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bosnian_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bosnian War">Commons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia">Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1980–2008)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (until 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Brotherhood and unity</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> (1967–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SANU_Memorandum" title="SANU Memorandum">SANU Memorandum</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovene_National_Program" title="Contributions to the Slovene National Program">Contributions to the Slovene National Program</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Spring">Slovene Spring</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrokomerc_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrokomerc Affair">Agrokomerc Affair</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_session_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Serbia" title="8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia">8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBTZ_trial" title="JBTZ trial">JBTZ trial</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1980s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Anti-bureaucratic revolution</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan_speech" title="Gazimestan speech">Gazimestan speech</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia">Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template talk:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia_Independence_referendums_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Independence referendums in Yugoslavia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republics and provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_independence_referendum" title="1990 Slovenian independence referendum">Slovenia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Macedonian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Macedonian independence referendum">Macedonia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Kosovan_independence_referendum" title="1991 Kosovan independence referendum">Kosovo</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Montenegrin_sovereignty_referendum" title="1992 Montenegrin sovereignty referendum">Montenegro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">Montenegro</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_SAO_Krajina_autonomy_referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 SAO Krajina autonomy referendum (page does not exist)">SAO Krajina</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sand%C5%BEak_autonomy_referendum" title="1991 Sandžak autonomy referendum">Sandžak</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Bosnian_Serb_referendum" title="1991 Bosnian Serb referendum">Srpska</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Macedonian_Albanian_autonomy_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Macedonian Albanian autonomy referendum">Ilirida</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Eastern_Slavonia_integrity_referendum" title="1997 Eastern Slavonia integrity referendum">Eastern Slavonia</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Macedonian_autonomy_referendum" title="2004 Macedonian autonomy referendum">Macedonia</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a> (1991)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a> (1992–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Criminal_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Criminal Enterprise">Joint Criminal Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Sub-Regional_Arms_Control" title="Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control">Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (1993–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">United Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serbian_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Serbian sentiment">Anti-Serbian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Montenegrin_unionism" title="Serbian–Montenegrin unionism">Serbian–Montenegrin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Breakup of Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Yugoslav_Wars" title="Category:Yugoslav Wars">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yugoslav_wars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yugoslav wars">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Europe" title="List of conflicts in Europe">conflicts in Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia_conflict" title="Gagauzia conflict">Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict (1990–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War (1990–1992)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia War (1991–92)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prigorodny_conflict" title="East Prigorodny conflict">East Prigorodny conflict (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">Russian constitutional crisis (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War (1994–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1998)" title="War in Abkhazia (1998)">War in Abkhazia (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War (1999–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">Tuzla Island conflict (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Maidan Uprising (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion (2023)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Slovenian War of Independence (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War (1992–1995)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">Albanian Civil War (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War (1998–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_Macedonia" title="2001 insurgency in Macedonia">Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_territory_of_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union">List of Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proxy_wars" title="List of proxy wars">List of proxy wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">List of frozen conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">War on drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_topics" title="Template:Bosnia and Herzegovina topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_topics" title="Template talk:Bosnia and Herzegovina topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bosnia and Herzegovina topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="History of Bosnia and Herzegovina">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Early history of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages">Medieval history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(early_medieval)" title="Bosnia (early medieval)">Early Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Bosnia" title="Banate of Bosnia">Banate of Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Kingdom of Bosnia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina">Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_rule_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="584" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Extreme points</a></li> <li>Fauna <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of birds of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mammals in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Mammals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Geology of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of mountains in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Corruption in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Council of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Law enforcement in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertible mark">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnians" title="Bosnians">Bosnians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Croats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Serbs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina">LGBT rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Bosnia and Herzegovina">LGBT history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of wars involving Bosnia and Herzegovina">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavna_himna_Bosne_i_Hercegovine" class="mw-redirect" title="Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_epic_poetry" title="Bosniak epic poetry">Bosniak epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_pot" title="Bosnian pot">Bosnian pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%86evapi" title="Ćevapi">Ćevapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_wine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina">National Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_to_Preserve_National_Monuments_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina">National monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of radio stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_epic_poetry" title="Serbian epic poetry">Serbian epic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yugoslavia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template talk:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslavia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of Yugoslavia">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">6 January Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_regency" title="Yugoslav regency">Yugoslav regency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslav irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Committee" title="Yugoslav Committee">Yugoslav Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugo-nostalgia" title="Yugo-nostalgia">Yugo-nostalgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia">Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1980–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (until 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Brotherhood and unity</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> (1967–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SANU_Memorandum" title="SANU Memorandum">SANU Memorandum</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovene_National_Program" title="Contributions to the Slovene National Program">Contributions to the Slovene National Program</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Spring">Slovene Spring</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrokomerc_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrokomerc Affair">Agrokomerc Affair</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_session_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Serbia" title="8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia">8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBTZ_trial" title="JBTZ trial">JBTZ trial</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1980s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Anti-bureaucratic revolution</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan_speech" title="Gazimestan speech">Gazimestan speech</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia">Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template talk:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia_Independence_referendums_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Independence referendums in Yugoslavia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republics and provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_independence_referendum" title="1990 Slovenian independence referendum">Slovenia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Macedonian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Macedonian independence referendum">Macedonia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Kosovan_independence_referendum" title="1991 Kosovan independence referendum">Kosovo</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Montenegrin_sovereignty_referendum" title="1992 Montenegrin sovereignty referendum">Montenegro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">Montenegro</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_SAO_Krajina_autonomy_referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 SAO Krajina autonomy referendum (page does not exist)">SAO Krajina</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sand%C5%BEak_autonomy_referendum" title="1991 Sandžak autonomy referendum">Sandžak</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Bosnian_Serb_referendum" title="1991 Bosnian Serb referendum">Srpska</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Macedonian_Albanian_autonomy_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Macedonian Albanian autonomy referendum">Ilirida</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Eastern_Slavonia_integrity_referendum" title="1997 Eastern Slavonia integrity referendum">Eastern Slavonia</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Macedonian_autonomy_referendum" title="2004 Macedonian autonomy referendum">Macedonia</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a> (1991)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a> (1992–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Criminal_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Criminal Enterprise">Joint Criminal Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Sub-Regional_Arms_Control" title="Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control">Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (1993–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">United Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serbian_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Serbian sentiment">Anti-Serbian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Montenegrin_unionism" title="Serbian–Montenegrin unionism">Serbian–Montenegrin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Breakup of Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Yugoslavia" title="Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Yugoslavia" title="Constitution of Yugoslavia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1931 Yugoslav Constitution">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1946 Yugoslav Constitution">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Yugoslav_constitutional_amendments" title="1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1963 Yugoslav Constitution">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Yugoslavia" title="Elections in Yugoslavia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Yugoslavia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia)">Federal Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Yugoslavia and the United Nations">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity">OAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_passport" title="Yugoslav passport">Passport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of cabinets of Yugoslavia">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of heads of state of Yugoslavia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of deputy heads of state of Yugoslavia">Deputy heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="Presidency of Yugoslavia">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of members of the Presidency of Yugoslavia">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Yugoslavia" title="LGBT history in Yugoslavia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yugoslavia">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ilasism" title="Đilasism">Đilasism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankovi%C4%87ism" title="Rankovićism">Rankovićism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yugoslavia" title="List of political parties in Yugoslavia">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOS_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="KOS (Yugoslavia)">counterintelligence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yugoslav Army (disambiguation)">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li>Army <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">1945–1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Ground_Forces" title="Yugoslav Ground Forces">Ground</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Navy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Royal Yugoslav Navy">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy">1945–1992</a></li></ul></li> <li>Air Force <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">1945–1992</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ranks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Military ranks of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav People's Army ranks">1945–1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia">Marshal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defense_(Yugoslavia)" title="Territorial Defense (Yugoslavia)">Territorial Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computer_hardware_in_Yugoslavia" title="History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia">Computer systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_systems_from_Yugoslavia" title="List of computer systems from Yugoslavia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_dinar" title="Yugoslav dinar">Dinar (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_krone" title="Yugoslav krone">Krone (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Bank of Yugoslavia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Yugoslavia" title="Postal codes in Yugoslavia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Services_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Services in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.yu" title=".yu">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Yugoslavia" title="Telephone numbers in Yugoslavia">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Railways" title="Yugoslav Railways">Railways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of companies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">List of companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Society of Yugoslavia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Yugoslavia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFRY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Yugoslavia" title="Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minorities_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minorities of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Yugoslavia" title="Public holidays in Yugoslavia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs" title="Yugoslavs">Yugoslavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs_in_Serbia" title="Yugoslavs in Serbia">in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Canadians" title="Yugoslav Canadians">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Yugoslavia" title="Languages of Yugoslavia">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene (Slovenian)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_studies" title="Yugoslav studies">Yugoslav studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yugoslavia" title="Architecture of Yugoslavia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Yugoslavia" title="Art of Yugoslavia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_films" title="List of Yugoslav films">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Drama_Theatre" title="Yugoslav Drama Theatre">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Yugoslavia" title="Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia">Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yugoslavia" title="Music of Yugoslavia">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yugoslav_composers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Yugoslav composers (page does not exist)">composers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_national_costume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav national costume (page does not exist)">National costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_philosophy" title="Yugoslav philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Yugoslavia" title="Sport in Yugoslavia">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Yugoslavia" title="Football in Yugoslavia">football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">Yugoslav Radio Television</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_wine" title="Macedonian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_wine" title="Montenegrin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo" title="Literature of Kosovo">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_poets" title="List of Yugoslav poets">Poets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Anthem (1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">1945–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia" title="Emblem of Yugoslavia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yugoslavia" title="Flag of Yugoslavia">Flag of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_flags" title="List of Yugoslav flags">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia">Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yugoslavia" title="Category:Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alija_Izetbegović" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Template:Alija Izetbegović"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Template talk:Alija Izetbegović"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alija Izetbegović"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alija_Izetbegović" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosniak_members_of_the_Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bosniak members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosniak Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1990–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Action" title="Party of Democratic Action">Party of Democratic Action</a></li> <li>General elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Bosnian_general_election" title="1990 Bosnian general election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Bosnian_general_election" title="1996 Bosnian general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Bosnian_general_election" title="1998 Bosnian general election">1998</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Funeral of Alija Izetbegović">Death and funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Alija_Izetbegovic_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alija Izetbegović"><img alt="Alija Izetbegović" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Alija_Izetbegovic_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1056" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Karađorđevo meeting</a></li> <li>Agreements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikarpa%C5%A1i%C4%87%E2%80%93Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87_agreement" title="Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement">Zulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Carrington–Cutileiro_plan" title="Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War">Lisbon Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Agreement_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Agreement (1994)">Washington Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">1992 Independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_anti-war_protests_in_Sarajevo" title="1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo">1992 anti-war protests</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bosnian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakir_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Bakir Izetbegović">Bakir Izetbegović</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Category:Alija Izetbegović">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alija Izetbegović">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halid_Genjac" title="Halid Genjac">Halid Genjac →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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= 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalic2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell1998\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarnes2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaspersen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharles_R._Shrader2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristia2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClements2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColin_McInnes,_Nicholas_J._Wheeler2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrnobrnja1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowe2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurtis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._Grant2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeyam\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDobbs1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonia2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonia2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisk2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGagnon2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGazzini2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge_Kenney1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroup2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutman1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaddad2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHadžihasanović_\u0026amp;_Kubura_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHak2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalilović_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalimović2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammond2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarsch2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartmann\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolbrooke1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJay_D._Aronson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJudah2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJukic2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKakutani2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaldor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaradžić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarli2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnezevic2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoknar2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKordić_\u0026amp;_Čerkez_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKozar1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrišto2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrstić_Appeals_Chamber_Judgement2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeBor2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLogos2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoyd2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLukiLynch1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLukicLynch1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLukicLynch1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLučić2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalcolm1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarijan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_Danner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeznaricZlatkovic_Winter1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMladić_Trial_Chamber_Judgement2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMojzes2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrison2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMulaj2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNettelfield2010a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNettelfield2010b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborn2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick_BallEwa_TabeauPhilip_Verwimp2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPavkovic1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPejanović2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_W._Galbraith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPower1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrlic_et_al.2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrometej\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajić_Judgement_Summary2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamet2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamet2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichard_J._Regan1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogel2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoger_D._Petersen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoland_Rich1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoy_Gutman1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._LobellP._Mauceri2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadkovich2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSays2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchindler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchindler2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeybolt2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShrader2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimone2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSito-Sucic,_DariaRobinson,_Matt2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephen_BadseyPaul_Chester_Latawski2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStiglmayerMarion_FaberCynthia_EnloeRoy_Gutman1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSudetic1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTabeauBijak2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanner2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTatum2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor_Branch2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomasMikulanPavlović2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomasNazor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTotten2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrbovich2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVentura2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVečernje_novosti16_June_2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVreme23_January_1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaller2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelsh1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitaker1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiebes2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoehrel2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorkman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYigan_Chazan1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZwierzchowski,_JanTabeau,_Ewa2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Krnjevic-Miskovic\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĆurić_Enes_et_al.2015\"] = 1,\n [\"Finlan\"] = 1,\n [\"Forsythe\"] = 1,\n [\"Hoff\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Age in years, months, weeks and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Alija Izetbegović\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 8,\n [\"Bosnia and Herzegovina topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Bosnian War\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Bosnian War\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Yugoslav Wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 8,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 86,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 51,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 123,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 5,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Flag\"] = 7,\n [\"Flagcountry\"] = 12,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 24,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 9,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 16,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 6,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Langx\"] = 6,\n [\"Legend\"] = 5,\n [\"Legend2\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 12,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Note\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Post-Cold War European conflicts\"] = 1,\n [\"Ref\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 3,\n [\"Refend\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 229,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 2,\n [\"USBill\"] = 1,\n [\"USPL\"] = 1,\n [\"Update inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 35,\n [\"Yugoslav wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Yugoslavia topics\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","460","19.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","14.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","9.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","6.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","160","6.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","5.8"],["recursiveClone 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