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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fy.wikipedia.org&uselang=fy" class=""><span>Donaasjes</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Nije_ynstellings_oanmeitsje&returnto=Ramsay+MacDonald" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge in akkount oan te meitsjen en jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net" class=""><span>Akkount meitsje</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Oanmelde&returnto=Ramsay+MacDonald" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oanmelde</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jonkheid en oplieding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jonkheid_en_oplieding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karriêre_foarôfgeande_oan_'e_polityk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karriêre_foarôfgeande_oan_'e_polityk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Karriêre foarôfgeande oan 'e polityk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karriêre_foarôfgeande_oan_'e_polityk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politike_karriêre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politike_karriêre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Politike karriêre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politike_karriêre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aktivisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aktivisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Aktivisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aktivisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partijliederskip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partijliederskip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Partijliederskip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partijliederskip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earste_regear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earste_regear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Earste regear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earste_regear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twadde_regear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twadde_regear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Twadde regear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twadde_regear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trêde_regear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trêde_regear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Trêde regear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trêde_regear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priveelibben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priveelibben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Priveelibben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priveelibben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lêste_jierren_en_dea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lêste_jierren_en_dea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Lêste jierren en dea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lêste_jierren_en_dea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputaasje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputaasje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reputaasje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputaasje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ynhâld" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramsay MacDonald</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nei it artikel yn in oare taal gean. Beskikber yn 70 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Afrikaansk" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="رامزي ماكدونالد – Arabysk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رامزي ماكدونالد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="رامزى ماكدونالد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رامزى ماكدونالد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Джэймс Рамсей Мак-Дональд – Wyt-Russysk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэймс Рамсей Мак-Дональд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wyt-Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B7%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Джэймз Рэмзі Макдоналд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джэймз Рэмзі Макдоналд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Рамзи Макдоналд – Bulgaarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рамзи Макдоналд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ramsay_MacDonald" title="James Ramsay MacDonald – Bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="James Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ramsay_MacDonald" title="James Ramsay MacDonald – Katalaansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ramsay_MacDonald" title="James Ramsay MacDonald – Welsk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="James Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Tsjechysk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Deensk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Dútsk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Dútsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%8A_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Ράμσεϊ ΜακΝτόναλντ – Gryks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ράμσεϊ ΜακΝτόναλντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Gryks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Ingelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Spaansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Baskysk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="رمزی مک‌دونالد – Perzysk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رمزی مک‌دونالد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Frânsk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Iersk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsaigh_MacDh%C3%B2mhnaill" title="Ramsaigh MacDhòmhnaill – Schotsk Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ramsaigh MacDhòmhnaill" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schotsk Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93" title="רמזי מקדונלד – Hebreeuwsk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רמזי מקדונלד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuwsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="रैमसे मैकडोनाल्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रैमसे मैकडोनाल्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4" title="Ջեյմս Մաքդոնալդ – Armeensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Մաքդոնալդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Kroatysk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Hongaarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Yndonezysk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Yndonezysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93" title="ראמזיי מאקדאנאלד – Jiddysk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ראמזיי מאקדאנאלד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ramsay_MacDonald" title="James Ramsay MacDonald – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="James Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Yslâns" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslâns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Italiaansk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89" title="ラムゼイ・マクドナルド – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラムゼイ・マクドナルド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="რემსი მაკდონალდი – Georgysk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რემსი მაკდონალდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Джеймс Рамсей Макдональд – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джеймс Рамсей Макдональд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%A8%EC%A7%80_%EB%A7%A5%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C" title="램지 맥도널드 – Koreaansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="램지 맥도널드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramzejs_Makdonalds" title="Ramzejs Makdonalds – Letlâns" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ramzejs Makdonalds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letlâns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Malagasysk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Рамзи Мекдоналд – Macedonysk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рамзи Мекдоналд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="रामसे मॅकडोनाल्ड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रामसे मॅकडोनाल्ड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Nederlânsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ramsay_MacDonald" title="James Ramsay MacDonald – Occitaansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="James Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Poalsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%89" title="رامسي مکډونالډ – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رامسي مکډونالډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Portugeesk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugeesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Roemeensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Макдональд, Джеймс Рамсей – Russysk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макдональд, Джеймс Рамсей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Servokroatysk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servokroatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="சேம்சு இராம்சே மெக்டொனால்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சேம்சு இராம்சே மெக்டொனால்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Рамсай МакДоналд – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рамсай МакДоналд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แรมซีย์ แมกดอนัลด์ – Thais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แรมซีย์ แมกดอนัลด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Джеймс Рамсей Макдональд – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Рамсей Макдональд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ramsay MacDonald" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E9%BD%90%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3" title="拉姆齐·麦克唐纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉姆齐·麦克唐纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E9%BD%8A%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D" title="拉姆齊·麥克唐納 – Sineesk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉姆齊·麥克唐納" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sineesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%A3%AB%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E" title="藍士麥當勞 – Kantoneesk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="藍士麥當勞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantoneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166646#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Yntertaalkeppelings bewurkje" class="wbc-editpage">Keppelings bewurkje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nammeromten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="De sideynhâld sjen litte [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oerlis:Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Oerlis oer de 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font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;" align="center" colspan="3">Ramsay MacDonald </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea;color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:High-contrast-accessories-text-editor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/High-contrast-accessories-text-editor.svg/24px-High-contrast-accessories-text-editor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/High-contrast-accessories-text-editor.svg/36px-High-contrast-accessories-text-editor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/High-contrast-accessories-text-editor.svg/48px-High-contrast-accessories-text-editor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> politikus</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:J._Ramsay_MacDonald_LCCN2014715885_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/J._Ramsay_MacDonald_LCCN2014715885_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-J._Ramsay_MacDonald_LCCN2014715885_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/J._Ramsay_MacDonald_LCCN2014715885_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-J._Ramsay_MacDonald_LCCN2014715885_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/J._Ramsay_MacDonald_LCCN2014715885_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-J._Ramsay_MacDonald_LCCN2014715885_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3227" data-file-height="4567" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">echte namme</td> <td colspan="2">James Ramsay MacDonald </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">nasjonaliteit</td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grut-Brittanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Grut-Brittanje">Britsk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">bertedatum</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/12_oktober" title="12 oktober">12 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">berteplak</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lossiemouth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lossiemouth (noch net skreaun)">Lossiemouth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Skotlân">Skotlân</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">stjerdatum</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/9_novimber" title="9 novimber">9 novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">stjerplak</td> <td colspan="2">op 'e <a href="/wiki/Atlantyske_Oseaan" title="Atlantyske Oseaan">Atlantyske Oseaan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">etnisiteit</td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Flag_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Skotten" title="Skotten">Skotsk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">partij</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labourpartij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labourpartij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Labourpartij</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>premier fan it <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Keninkryk" title="Feriene Keninkryk">Feriene Keninkryk</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">amtsperioade</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> – <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">foargonger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Baldwin (noch net skreaun)">Stanley Baldwin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">opfolger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Baldwin (noch net skreaun)">Stanley Baldwin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>lieder fan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labourpartij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labourpartij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Britske Labourpartij</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">amtsperioade</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> – <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">foargonger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Clynes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Robert Clynes (noch net skreaun)">John Robert Clynes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">opfolger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Henderson (noch net skreaun)">Arthur Henderson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>premier fan it <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Keninkryk" title="Feriene Keninkryk">Feriene Keninkryk</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">amtsperioade</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jannewaris" title="Jannewaris">jannewaris</a> – <a href="/wiki/Novimber" title="Novimber">novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">foargonger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Baldwin (noch net skreaun)">Stanley Baldwin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">opfolger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Baldwin (noch net skreaun)">Stanley Baldwin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>Britsk minister fan Bûtenlânske Saken</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">amtsperioade</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jannewaris" title="Jannewaris">jannewaris</a> – <a href="/wiki/Novimber" title="Novimber">novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">foargonger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Curzon,_1e_markys_Curzon_fan_Kedleston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Curzon, 1e markys Curzon fan Kedleston (noch net skreaun)">markys Curzon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">opfolger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austen_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austen Chamberlain (noch net skreaun)">Austen Chamberlain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>lieder fan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labourpartij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labourpartij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Britske Labourpartij</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">amtsperioade</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> – <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">foargonger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Nicoll_Barnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Nicoll Barnes (noch net skreaun)">George Nicoll Barnes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">opfolger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Henderson (noch net skreaun)">Arthur Henderson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>lid fan it Britske Legerhûs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">amtsperioade</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> – <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> – <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>lid fan 'e <i>County Council</i> fan <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">amtsperioade</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> – <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Ramsay MacDonald</b> (folút: <b>James Ramsay MacDonald</b>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lossiemouth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lossiemouth (noch net skreaun)">Lossiemouth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Skotlân">Skotlân</a>), <a href="/wiki/12_oktober" title="12 oktober">12 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a> – ûnderweis op 'e <a href="/wiki/Atlantyske_Oseaan" title="Atlantyske Oseaan">Atlantyske Oseaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_novimber" title="9 novimber">9 novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>) wie in <a href="/wiki/Grut-Brittanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Grut-Brittanje">Britsk</a> <a href="/wiki/Politikus" title="Politikus">politikus</a> fan <a href="/wiki/Skotten" title="Skotten">Skotsk</a> komôf. Hy wurdt yn 'e mande mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keir_Hardie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keir Hardie (noch net skreaun)">Keir Hardie</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Henderson (noch net skreaun)">Arthur Henderson</a> beskôge as ien fan 'e oprjochters fan 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labourpartij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labourpartij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Britske Labourpartij</a>, hoewol't dy <a href="/wiki/Politike_partij" title="Politike partij">partij</a> him lange tiid as in ferrieder beskôge hat fanwegen syn gearwurking mei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konservative_Partij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konservative Partij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Konservativen</a> ûnder de <a href="/wiki/Grutte_Depresje" title="Grutte Depresje">Grutte Depresje</a>. MacDonald waard yn <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> lid fan it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britske_Legerh%C3%BBs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britske Legerhûs (noch net skreaun)">Britske Legerhûs</a> en soe dêr oant syn dea yn <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> lid fan bliuwe, útsein de perioade fan fjouwer jier tusken <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> en <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. Yn <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> waard er de alderearste <a href="/wiki/Sosjalisme" title="Sosjalisme">sosjalistyske</a> premier fan it <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Keninkryk" title="Feriene Keninkryk">Feriene Keninkryk</a>, en hy late trije ûnderskate regearings, wêrûnder in regear fan nasjonale ienheid fan <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> oant <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>. Yn 'e <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A2n" title="Nederlân">Nederlânske</a> kontekst kin Ramsay MacDonald as de Britske wjergader fan <a href="/wiki/Piter_Jelles_Troelstra" title="Piter Jelles Troelstra">Piter Jelles Troelstra</a> beskôge wurde. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libben_en_karriêre"><span id="Libben_en_karri.C3.AAre"></span>Libben en karriêre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Dielside bewurkje: Libben en karriêre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Libben en karriêre"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jonkheid_en_oplieding">Jonkheid en oplieding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Dielside bewurkje: Jonkheid en oplieding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Jonkheid en oplieding"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MacDonald waard yn <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a> berne yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lossiemouth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lossiemouth (noch net skreaun)">Lossiemouth</a>, yn it noarden fan <a href="/wiki/Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Skotlân">Skotlân</a>, as de <a href="/wiki/Bastert_(bern)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastert (bern)">oerwûne soan</a> fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Boere-arbeider" title="Boere-arbeider">boere-arbeider</a> John MacDonald en de <a href="/wiki/Faam_(h%C3%BAsh%C3%A2ldster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faam (húshâldster)">faam</a> Anne Ramsay. Hoewol't syn namme by syn berte fêstlein waard as James McDonald Ramsay, dus mei de efternamme fan syn mem en syn heite efternamme as (misstavere) middelnamme, stied er yn syn jonkheid gewoan bekend as Jamie MacDonald. Dat er bûten it houlik berne wie, koe doedestiden in slimme negative ynfloed op jins hiele libben hawwe, mar it wie minder beswierlik yn 'e boeremienskippen fan noardeastlik Skotlân, dêr't neffens in oerheidsrapport út <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a> doe 15% fan alle bern oerwûn wie. </p><p>Fan <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a> oant <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a> gie MacDonald nei de <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristlike</a> <a href="/wiki/Legere_skoalle" title="Legere skoalle">legere skoalle</a> yn Lossiemouth, en dêrnei learde er troch oan 'e parochyskoalle yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drainie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drainie (noch net skreaun)">Drainie</a>. Yn <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>, doe't er fyftjin jier wie, gied er fan skoalle om op in pleats yn 'e omkriten as arbeider te wurkjen. Lykwols waard er yn <a href="/wiki/Desimber" title="Desimber">desimber</a> fan datselde jier oansteld as learling-ûnderwizer oan 'e skoalle te Drainie, dêr't er oant <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a> yn 'e tsjinst bleau. Oanslutend ferfear er nei it <a href="/wiki/Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Ingelân">Ingelske</a> <a href="/wiki/Bristol_(st%C3%AAd)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol (stêd)">Bristol</a>, dêr't er assistint waard fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Predikant" title="Predikant">predikant</a> Mordaunt Crofton. Yn Bristol waard MacDonald lid fan 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radikalisme_(streaming)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radikalisme (streaming) (noch net skreaun)">radikale</a> Demokratyske Federaasje, dy't syn namme in pear moanne letter feroare yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosjaal-Demokratyske_Federaasje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosjaal-Demokratyske Federaasje (noch net skreaun)">Sosjaal-Demokratyske Federaasje</a> (SDF). Letter joech er him ek by it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosjalistysk_Genoatskip_fan_Bristol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosjalistysk Genoatskip fan Bristol (noch net skreaun)">Sosjalistysk Genoatskip fan Bristol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karriêre_foarôfgeande_oan_'e_polityk"><span id="Karri.C3.AAre_foar.C3.B4fgeande_oan_.27e_polityk"></span>Karriêre foarôfgeande oan 'e polityk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Dielside bewurkje: Karriêre foarôfgeande oan 'e polityk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Karriêre foarôfgeande oan 'e polityk"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> sette MacDonald him yn 'e <a href="/wiki/Grut-Brittanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Grut-Brittanje">Britske</a> haadstêd <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> nei wenjen, om't in freon him skreaun hie dat dêr wurk foar sa'nent as him te finen wie. Hoewol't dat ôffoel en hy in hoart fan syn sparjild libje moast, fûn er úteinlik wurk as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klerk (noch net skreaun)">klerk</a> yn in pakhús yn 'e binnenstêd. Underwilens hied er him by de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosjalistyske_Uny_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosjalistyske Uny (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Sosjalistyske Uny</a> jûn, dy't oars as de SDF krewearre om 'e <a href="/wiki/Sosjalisme" title="Sosjalisme">sosjalistyske</a> ideälen fia de <a href="/wiki/Parlemint" title="Parlemint">parlemintêre</a> <a href="/wiki/Demokrasy" title="Demokrasy">demokrasy</a> yn 'e praktyk te bringen. MacDonald wie yn Londen tsjûge fan 'e saneamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloedige_Snein_(1887)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloedige Snein (1887) (noch net skreaun)">Bloedige Snein</a> fan <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>, wêrby't in demonstraasje fan arbeiders op <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trafalgar_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trafalgar Square (noch net skreaun)">Trafalgar Square</a> troch de <a href="/wiki/Plysje" title="Plysje">plysje</a> en it leger yn opdracht fan it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konservative_Partij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konservative Partij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Konservative</a> regear mei grou geweld útinoar slein waard. As reäksje publisearre er it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamflet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamflet (noch net skreaun)">pamflet</a> <i>Remember Trafalgar Square: Tory Terrorism in 1887</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:1887BloodySunday.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/1887BloodySunday.jpg/280px-1887BloodySunday.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/1887BloodySunday.jpg/420px-1887BloodySunday.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/1887BloodySunday.jpg/560px-1887BloodySunday.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>De '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloedige_Snein_(1887)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloedige Snein (1887) (noch net skreaun)">Bloedige Snein</a>' fan <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Om utens behold MacDonald ek in libbene belangstelling foar de <a href="/wiki/Polityk" title="Polityk">polityk</a> fan syn heitelân <a href="/wiki/Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Skotlân">Skotlân</a>. Doe't ûnder <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ewart_Gladstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ewart Gladstone (noch net skreaun)">Gladstone</a> de earste autonomywet foar <a href="/wiki/Ierl%C3%A2n" title="Ierlân">Ierlân</a> oannommen waard, late dat yn <a href="/wiki/Edinburch" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburch">Edinburch</a> ta de oprjochting fan in feriening dy't stribbe nei Skotske autonomy. Yn <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a> waard op inisjatyf fan MacDonald fan dy feriening in Londenske ôfdieling oprjochte, en al blette dy organisaasje úteinlik geandewei de <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>-er jierren dea fanwegen in brekme oan ynteresse fan Skotten om utens, dochs hold MacDonald oan mei it stypjen fan autonomy foar Skotlân. Yn <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> skreau er yn syn pamflet <i>Socialism: Critical and Constructive</i>: <i>"De feringelsking fan Skotlân giet ûnophâldlik troch, ta skea fan Skotlâns ûnderwiis, muzyk, literatuer, yntelliginsje en de generaasje dy't no ûntwoartele fan it ferline opgroeit."</i> </p><p>Yn 'e <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>-er jierren folge MacDonald jûnsûnderwiis yn <a href="/wiki/Plantkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantkunde">plantkunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2nbou" title="Lânbou">lânboukunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natuerkunde" title="Natuerkunde">natuerkunde</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde">wiskunde</a> oan it Birkbeck Literêr en Wittenskiplik Ynstitút, mar in wike foar de eksamens dêre stoarte er lichaamlik yn troch útputting. Yn <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a> fûn er wurk as priveesiktaris fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lough (noch net skreaun)">Thomas Lough</a>, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tee_(drank)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tee (drank) (noch net skreaun)">tee</a><a href="/wiki/Keapman" title="Keapman">keapman</a> mei radikale politike tinkbylden, dy't yn <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> foar de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberale_Partij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberale Partij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Liberale Partij</a> yn it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britske_Legerh%C3%BBs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britske Legerhûs (noch net skreaun)">Britske Legerhûs</a> keazen waard. Dêrmei giene ynienen withoefolle doarren foar MacDonald iepen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politike_karriêre"><span id="Politike_karri.C3.AAre"></span>Politike karriêre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Dielside bewurkje: Politike karriêre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Politike karriêre"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aktivisme">Aktivisme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Dielside bewurkje: Aktivisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Aktivisme"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> wie troch it fakbûn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trades_Union_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trades Union Congress (noch net skreaun)">TUC</a> de saneamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbeiderskiesferiening&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbeiderskiesferiening (noch net skreaun)">Arbeiderskiesferiening</a> (LEA) oprjochte, dy't in ûnbefredigjende politike alliânsje mei de Liberale Partij oangien wie. MacDonald stipe by de ferkiezings fan <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> de LEA-kandidaat yn <a href="/wiki/Dover_(Ingel%C3%A2n)" title="Dover (Ingelân)">Dover</a>, en hoewol't dy mei in romme marzje ferslein waard, makke MacDonald grutte yndruk as sprekker. Yn <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> rjochte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keir_Hardie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keir Hardie (noch net skreaun)">Keir Hardie</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Un%C3%B4fhinklike_Arbeiderspartij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unôfhinklike Arbeiderspartij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Unôfhinklike Arbeiderspartij</a> (ILP) op, en MacDonald waard dêr lid fan. </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> died er foar it earst as kandidaat mei oan 'e ferkiezings, wêrby't er him ferkiesber stelde foar in sit dy't in <a href="/wiki/Kiesdistrikt" title="Kiesdistrikt">kiesdistrikt</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Southampton_(Ingel%C3%A2n)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton (Ingelân)">Southampton</a> fertsjintwurdige. Hoewol't er de ferkiezings felear, makke er op 'e nij yndruk, en yn <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> wied fannijs kandidaat, no foar in kiesdistrikt yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leicester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leicester (noch net skreaun)">Leicester</a>, wêrby't er wer ferlear. Datselde jiers waard er siktaris fan it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbeidersfertsjintwurdigingskomitee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbeidersfertsjintwurdigingskomitee (noch net skreaun)">Arbeidersfertsjintwurdigingskomitee</a> (LRC), de direkte foarrinner fan 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labourpartij_(Grut-Brittanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labourpartij (Grut-Brittanje) (noch net skreaun)">Labourpartij</a>, wylst er dêrnjonken ek syn lidmaatskip fan 'e linksere ILP behold. As partijsiktaris kaam MacDonald ta in oerienkomst mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Gladstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Gladstone (noch net skreaun)">Herbert Gladstone</a>, de soan fan 'e eardere premier en in lieder fan 'e Britske liberalen, dat de Liberale Partij yn beskate kiesdistrikten wêrfan't de ynwenners ta de arbeidersklasse hearden, gjin eigen kandidaat yn it fjild bringe soe. Op dy manear krigen de sosjalisten dêre alle anty-konservative stimmen, wat late ta in trochbraak wêrby't foar it earst sosjalisten yn it Britske Legerhûs kamen. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.29588.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.29588.jpg/200px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.29588.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.29588.jpg/300px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.29588.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.29588.jpg/400px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.29588.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Ramsay MacDonald yn 'e jierren <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Underwilens wie MacDonald yn <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a> troud mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Ethel_Gladstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Ethel Gladstone (noch net skreaun)">Margaret Ethel Gladstone</a> (gjin famylje fan 'e liberale foaroanmannen), dy't dan wol net ryk, mar grif frij begoedige wie. Har jild stelde him by steat om yn it bûtenlân te reizgjen en dêrmei syn hoarizon te ferbreedzjen. Sa besochten MacDonald en de frou yn <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Steaten" title="Feriene Steaten">Feriene Steaten</a>, yn <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAd-Afrika" title="Súd-Afrika">Súd-Afrika</a> en yn <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> <a href="/wiki/Austraalje_(l%C3%A2n)" title="Austraalje (lân)">Austraalje</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nij-Seel%C3%A2n" title="Nij-Seelân">Nij-Seelân</a>. Yn dyselde snuorje begûn MacDonald in lange freonskip mei de amtneresse en maatskiplik herfoarmster <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clara_Collet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clara Collet (noch net skreaun)">Clara Collet</a>, dy't in tige grutte ynfloed hie op MacDonald syn byld fan en polityk oangeande <a href="/wiki/Frou" title="Frou">froulju</a>. </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> waard MacDonald foar in gearwurkingsferbân tusken sosjalisten en progressiven yn 'e <i>County Council</i> ("greefskipsried") fan <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> keazen, mar yn <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> waard er behindere om him te registrearjen foar de ferkiezings fan it jiers dêrop om't er yn 'e ôfrinnende termyn tefolle ôfwêzich (om utens) west hie. It LRC feroare yn <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> syn namme yn 'e Labourpartij ("Arbeiderspartij") en absorbearre mei-iens ek de ILP, hoewol't der nea in formele fúzje plakfûn. Datselde jiers waard MacDonald as ien fan 29 Labourleden yn it Legerhûs keazen. Dêr ûntjoech er him ta lieder fan 'e lofterfleugel fan 'e partij, mei te sizzen dat Labour no de alliânsje mei de Liberale Partij opsizze moast. Nei syn miening moast Labour besykje om it plak fan 'e Liberale Partij as wichtichste tsjinstanner fan 'e Konservativen yn 'e Britske polityk oer te nimmen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Partijliederskip">Partijliederskip</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Dielside bewurkje: Partijliederskip" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Partijliederskip"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> waard MacDonald lieder fan 'e Labourpartij, mar by it útbrekken fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Earste_Wr%C3%A2ldoarloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Earste Wrâldoarloch">Earste Wrâldoarloch</a>, yn <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>, doe't de Labourpartij besleat om 'e oarlochspolitiek fan it Konservative Britske regear te stypjen, trede er ôf en waard er opfolge troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Henderson (noch net skreaun)">Arthur Henderson</a>. MacDonald hie yn <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAd-Afrika" title="Súd-Afrika">Súd-Afrika</a>, dat er koart nei de ein fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Twadde_Boere-oarloch" title="Twadde Boere-oarloch">Twadde Boere-oarloch</a> besocht hie, sjoen wat in wapene konflikt mei in lân dwaan kin, en sadwaande koed er it stypjen fan in oarloch persoanlik net goedkrije. Under de Earste Wrâldoarloch ferfolle er dêrom de post fan <a href="/wiki/Skath%C3%A2lder" title="Skathâlder">skathâlder</a> fan 'e partij. Dy kar kaam him op in protte fûleindige krityk te stean, dy't soms oer de grinzen fan it ûnfoege hinne gie. </p><p>Sa skreau de <a href="/wiki/Krante" title="Krante">kranteman</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horatio_Bottomley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horatio Bottomley (noch net skreaun)">Horatio Bottomley</a> yn in stik yn it <a href="/wiki/Tydskrift" title="Tydskrift">tydskrift</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bull_(tydskrift)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bull (tydskrift) (noch net skreaun)">John Bull</a></i> dat MacDonald, troch in "<a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a>" te brûken en syn "wiere" efternamme (Ramsay) geheim te hâlden it hiele Britske folk bedragen hie. Bottomley hold út dat MacDonald, troch in "falske namme" te brûken op in falske wize tagong ta it Legerhûs socht hie, en dat er foar dy "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraude (noch net skreaun)">fraude</a>" swier <a href="/wiki/Boete_(jild)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boete (jild)">beboete</a> wurde moatte soe en dat syn ferkiezing neatich ferklearre wurde moast. Hoewol't er op dy oanfal in protte betsjûgings fan stipe krige, die it MacDonald (sa't er yn syn <a href="/wiki/Deiboek" title="Deiboek">deiboek</a> skreau) slim sear, temear om't er der nea in geheim fan makke hie dat er in oerwûn bern wie en om't er nea witten hie dat er by syn berte ynskreaun wie ûnder de efternamme 'Ramsay'. </p><p>Yn <a href="/wiki/Desimber" title="Desimber">desimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> besocht MacDonald it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westfront_(Earste_Wr%C3%A2ldoarloch)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westfront (Earste Wrâldoarloch) (noch net skreaun)">Westfront</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Belgje" title="Belgje">Belgje</a>, dêr't er daliks arrestearre en weromstjoerd waard nei <a href="/wiki/Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Ingelân">Ingelân</a>. Nei in besyk oan minister fan Oarloch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kitchener,_1e_greve_Kitchener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1e greve Kitchener (noch net skreaun)">Kitchener</a>, dy't net oer it ynsidint te sprekken wie, kearde er nei Belgje werom, dêr't er diskear mei alle égards ûntfongen waard en in persoanlike rûnlieding krige fan generaal <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edward_Bernard_Seely,_1e_baron_Mottistone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edward Bernard Seely, 1e baron Mottistone (noch net skreaun)">J.E.B. Seely</a>. By <a href="/wiki/Iper" title="Iper">Iper</a> kamen se ûnder <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAtsl%C3%A2n" title="Dútslân">Dútsk</a> fjoer te lizzen, dat se beide nei't it skynt stoïsynsk ûndergiene. Nei syn weromkomst yn Londen priizge MacDonald de moed fan 'e Alliëarde troepen, mar prate er der mei gjin wurd oer dat er sels besketten wie. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:(James)_Ramsay_MacDonald_by_Solomon_Joseph_Solomon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%28James%29_Ramsay_MacDonald_by_Solomon_Joseph_Solomon.jpg/200px-%28James%29_Ramsay_MacDonald_by_Solomon_Joseph_Solomon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%28James%29_Ramsay_MacDonald_by_Solomon_Joseph_Solomon.jpg/300px-%28James%29_Ramsay_MacDonald_by_Solomon_Joseph_Solomon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%28James%29_Ramsay_MacDonald_by_Solomon_Joseph_Solomon.jpg/400px-%28James%29_Ramsay_MacDonald_by_Solomon_Joseph_Solomon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2995" /></a><figcaption>MacDonald portrettearre yn <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Joseph_Solomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Joseph Solomon (noch net skreaun)">Solomon Joseph Solomon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yn <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> ferlear MacDonald syn parlemintssit doe't de liberalen fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Lloyd_George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Lloyd George (noch net skreaun)">David Lloyd George</a> in grutte ferkiezingsoerwinning boekten, en yn <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> ferlear er in tuskentiidske ferkiezing foar it distrikt <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich-East</a> fan 'e oarlochsfeteraan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Gee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Gee (noch net skreaun)">Robert Gee</a>. By de nasjonale ferkiezings fan <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> kaam er lykwols wer yn it parlemint foar it <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Welske</a> kiesdistrikt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberavon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberavon (noch net skreaun)">Aberavon</a>. Datselde jiers naam er ek syn âlde post fan partijlieder wer oer, en dêrmei wie syn rehabilitaasje kompleet. </p><p>By de ferkiezings fan <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> ferfong de Labourpartij fierders ek de liberalen as wichtichtse opposysjepartij. Tsjin dy tiid wie MacDonald in hiel ein nei rjochts ta opskood, by it radikalisme fan syn jonkheid wei. Hy toande him in grut tsjinstanner fan 'e weach fan sympaty dy't troch de <a href="/wiki/Jeropa" title="Jeropa">Jeropeeske</a> sosjalistyske partijen hinne gie nei de <a href="/wiki/Oktoberrevol%C3%BAsje" title="Oktoberrevolúsje">Oktoberrevolúsje</a> fan <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>, dy't yn <a href="/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân">Ruslân</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bolsjewiken" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolsjewiken">bolsjewiken</a> oan 'e macht brocht, en waard in wisberet fijân fan it <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">kommunisme</a>. Oars as dat by de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosjalistyske_Partij_(Frankryk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosjalistyske Partij (Frankryk) (noch net skreaun)">Parti Socialiste</a></i> yn <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>, of de <a href="/wiki/SPD" class="mw-redirect" title="SPD">SPD</a>, yn <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAtsl%C3%A2n" title="Dútslân">Dútslân</a> it gefal wie, bleau ûnder syn lieding de ienheid fan 'e Britske Labourpartij beholden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Earste_regear">Earste regear</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Dielside bewurkje: Earste regear" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Earste regear"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Doe't by de ferkiezings fan <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> de Konservativen harren mearderheid yn it Legerhûs kwytrekken, en it Konservative minderheidsregear yn <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> by in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moasje_fan_wantrouwen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moasje fan wantrouwen (noch net skreaun)">moasje fan wantrouwen</a> kaam te fallen, frege kening <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_V_fan_it_Feriene_Keninkryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George V fan it Feriene Keninkryk (noch net skreaun)">George V</a> oan 'e Labourpartij om in minderheidsregear te foarmjen mei stipe fan 'e Liberale Partij fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=H.H._Asquith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.H. Asquith (noch net skreaun)">H.H. Asquith</a>. Dêrmei waard MacDonald de earste sosjalistyske Britske premier en trouwens ek de earste Britske premier út 'e arbeidersklasse. Hoewol't er noch nea in regearingspost hân hie, toande MacDonald enerzjy, beslissingskrêft en politike fluchfuottigens by it útoefenjen fan syn nije funksje. Behalven it minister-presidintskip naam er sels ek it ministerskip fan Bûtenlânske Saken foar syn rekken. Njonken himsels beneamde er tsien oare kabinetsleden út 'e arbeidersklasse, in abslute trochbraak yn 'e Britske polityk. De kening notearre yn syn deiboek: <i>"Hy wol dwaan wat rjochtfeardich is... Hjoed 23 jier ferlyn stoar ús leave <a href="/wiki/Fiktoaria_fan_it_Feriene_Keninkryk" title="Fiktoaria fan it Feriene Keninkryk">Beppe</a>. Ik freegje my ôf wat dy tocht hawwe soe fan in Labour-regear."</i> </p><p>Hoewol't it earste sosjalistyske Britske regear mar njoggen moannen stânhold en net iens oer in mearderheid yn it Legerhûs beskikte, waard der yn dy tiid dúdlike foarútgong boekt. Sa waard de Fersekeringswet oanpast om 'e wurkleazen te ûnderstypjen en waard der in Húsfêstingswet troch it parlemint loadst dy't late ta in grutte taname fan it oantal wenningwetwenten foar leechbetelle arbeiders. Op ynternasjonaal mêd organisearre MacDonald yn Londen in konferinsje fan 'e Alliëarden út 'e Earste Wrâldoarloch om 'e healwiis hege reparaasjebetellings en oare strafmaatregels dy't Dútslân by it <a href="/wiki/Ferdrach_fan_Versailles" title="Ferdrach fan Versailles">Ferdrach fan Versailles</a> oplein wiene, fan tafel te krijen. Dêrby sette er de Frânske premier <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Herriot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Herriot (noch net skreaun)">Édouard Herriot</a> ûnder druk om ien foar ien alle troch Frankryk sa beminde besittings op te jaan: de hichte fan 'e reparaasjebetellings, it rjocht om sanksjes op te lizzen as oan 'e reparaasjebetellings net foldien waard, de ekonomyske besetting fan it <a href="/wiki/Ruhrgebiet" title="Ruhrgebiet">Ruhrgebiet</a>, de Frânsk-Belgyske sizzenskip oer it Dútske <a href="/wiki/Spoarwegen" title="Spoarwegen">spoar</a> en de militêre besetting fan it <a href="/wiki/Rynl%C3%A2n_(D%C3%BAtsl%C3%A2n)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rynlân (Dútslân)">Rynlân</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:James_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1377392.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1377392.jpg/200px-James_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1377392.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1377392.jpg/300px-James_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1377392.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1377392.jpg/400px-James_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1377392.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>In plakette wijd oan 'e oantins oan MacDonald, yn syn berteplak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lossiemouth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lossiemouth (noch net skreaun)">Lossiemouth</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In oare wichtige feroaring yn 'e Britske ynternasjonale polityk ûnder it regear-MacDonald wie de erkenning fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Uny" title="Sovjet-Uny">Sovjet-Uny</a>, dêr't yn <a href="/wiki/Febrewaris" title="Febrewaris">febrewaris</a> <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> ûnderhannelings oer úteinsetten. Hoewol't noch de Konservativen, noch de Liberalen dêr bliid mei wiene, kaam it regear úteinlik te fallen oer de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saak-Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saak-Campbell (noch net skreaun)">saak-Campbell</a>. Dy omfieme de ferfolging fan 'e loftse <a href="/wiki/Krante" title="Krante">krante</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Weekly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Workers' Weekly (noch net skreaun)">Workers' Weekly</a></i> foar oansetten ta rebûlje. MacDonald woe neat witte fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinsuer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinsuer (noch net skreaun)">sinsuer</a> en woe de saak stopsette litte, mar de Konservativen wiene dêr fûleindich op tsjin, en de Liberale Partij tsjinne der in eigen amendemint oer yn. MacDonald besleat om 'e stimming dêroer as in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moasje_fan_wantrouwen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moasje fan wantrouwen (noch net skreaun)">moasje fan wantrouwen</a> te beskôgjen, en doe't in mearderheid fan 'e Legerhûsleden derfoar stimde, tsjinne er it ûntslach fan syn regear yn. </p><p>By de ferkiezings dy't dêrnei ein <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> holden waarden, spile it saneamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinovjev-brief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinovjev-brief (noch net skreaun)">Zinovjev-brief</a> in grutte rol. Dat wie in brief mei ophisende taal, dy't skreaun wêze soe troch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigory_Zinovjev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigory Zinovjev (noch net skreaun)">Grigory Zinovjev</a>, de foarsitter fan 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kommunistyske_Ynternasjonale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kommunistyske Ynternasjonale (noch net skreaun)">Kommunistyske Ynternasjonale</a>, oan 'e Britske fertsjintwurdigers yn dy organisaasje. (De measte hjoeddeiske <a href="/wiki/Histoarikus" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoarikus">histoarisy</a> binne it der lykwols oer iens dat it hjirby om in ferfalsking gie, dy't bedoeld wie om it Labour-regear safolle mooglik skea ta te bringen.) Hoewol't it regear dit brief ûnder eagen krige foar't de <a href="/wiki/Media" title="Media">media</a> der lucht fan krigen, reägearre men te stadich, mei as gefolch dat it nijs út oare boarnen nei bûten ta kaam (sadat it liek as hie it regear it geheim hâlde wollen). Desennialang wiet de Labourpartij de nederlaach by de ferkiezings fan <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> oan dit brief, mar <a href="/wiki/Skiedkundige" title="Skiedkundige">skiedkundigen</a> hawwe fêststeld dat it eins gjin effekt hie op it absolute oantal Labour-stimmers, dat just omheech gie. Dat der fjirtich parlemintssitten ferlern giene, lei oan it Britske kiesdistriktestelsel (troch in ûngeunstige ferdieling fan 'e Labour-stimmers oer de distrikten). De wiere ferliezer wie de Liberale Partij, dy't sawol stimmers as sitten ferlear en dat ferlies nea wer te boppe kaam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twadde_regear">Twadde regear</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Dielside bewurkje: Twadde regear" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Twadde regear"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nei fiif jier fan regear troch de Konservativen wûn de Labourpartij by de ferkiezings fan <a href="/wiki/Maaie" title="Maaie">maaie</a> <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> 288 sitten. Lykwols wiene de Konservativen (mei 260 sitten) en de Liberale Partij (mei 59 sitten) mei-inoar noch altyd grutter as Labour allinnich. Der kaam sadwaande in nij minderheidsregear fan Labour mei de stipe fan 'e Liberale Partij, mei MacDonald, dy't werkeazen wie foar it distrikt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaham_Harbour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaham Harbour (noch net skreaun)">Seaham Harbour</a>, yn noardlik <a href="/wiki/Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Ingelân">Ingelân</a>, as premier. Om't er him no talizze woe op binnenlânske oangelegenheden, kombinearre er net op 'e nij it ministerskip fan Bûtenlânske Saken mei it premierskip. Hy die de wurkleasheidsútkearings omheech, loadste in wet troch it parlemint om it lean en de wurkomstannichheden yn 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stienkoal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stienkoal (noch net skreaun)">koaleminen</a> te ferbetterjen en liet in húsfêstingswet oannimme om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sloppewyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sloppewyk (noch net skreaun)">sloppewiken</a> plat te goaien en der ienfâldige mar goede wenten foar yn 't plak te bouwen. MacDonald ûnderhannele ek mei de lieders fan <a href="/wiki/Britsk-Ynje" title="Britsk-Ynje">Britsk-Ynje</a>, dy't er selsbestjoer oanbea, mar gjin ûnôfhinklikheid. </p><p>It die lykwols bliken dat it regear-MacDonald gjin effektyf antwurd hie op 'e <a href="/wiki/Ekonomy" title="Ekonomy">ekonomyske</a> krisis dy't ûntstie nei de <a href="/wiki/Beurskrach_fan_1929" title="Beurskrach fan 1929">Beurskrach fan 1929</a> en dy't him geandewei <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> ferdjippe ta de <a href="/wiki/Grutte_Depresje" title="Grutte Depresje">Grutte Depresje</a>. De Labour-minister fan Finânsjes, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Snowden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Snowden (noch net skreaun)">Philip Snowden</a>, wie in rigide oanhinger fan 'e otterdokse ekonomyske lear, en stie gjin ekstra oerheidsbestegings ta om 'e ekonomy der boppe-op te helpen, nettsjinsteande de oproppen dêrta fan Labourlid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Mosley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswald Mosley (noch net skreaun)">Oswald Mosley</a>, de lieder fan 'e Liberale Partij <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Lloyd_George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Lloyd George (noch net skreaun)">David Lloyd George</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ekonoom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekonoom">ekonoom</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>. Doe't syn foarstellen kear op kear ôfwiisd waarden, betanke Mosley yn <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> foar it lidmaatskip fan Labour en foarme er syn eigen partij, dy't neitiid it <a href="/wiki/Faksisme" title="Faksisme">faksisme</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideology">ideology</a> oannaam. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:MacDonald_at_Tomb_of_Unknown_Soldier-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MacDonald_at_Tomb_of_Unknown_Soldier-edit.jpg/220px-MacDonald_at_Tomb_of_Unknown_Soldier-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MacDonald_at_Tomb_of_Unknown_Soldier-edit.jpg/330px-MacDonald_at_Tomb_of_Unknown_Soldier-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MacDonald_at_Tomb_of_Unknown_Soldier-edit.jpg/440px-MacDonald_at_Tomb_of_Unknown_Soldier-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4419" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption>MacDonald leit in krâns by it Grêf fan de Unbekende Soldaat (<a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Tsjin 'e simmer fan <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> wie it mei de ekonomyske sitewaasje sa yn it ûnleech rekke, dat MacDonald syn regear yn 'e swierrichheden kaam. Oan 'e iene kant stiene lju dy't beslist fêsthâlde woene oan in balansearre regearingsbudget en dêrta massive besunigings op 'e oerheidútjeften (lês: de wurkleasheidsútkearings) trochfiere woene. Oan 'e oare kant wiene der de oanhingers fan Keynes dy't fan 'e polityk fan it balansearre oerheidsbudget ôfstappe woene en dêropta it <a href="/wiki/Britske_p%C3%BBn" class="mw-redirect" title="Britske pûn">Britske pûn</a> 25% yn wearde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devaluaasje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devaluaasje (noch net skreaun)">devaluëarje</a> litte woene. De foarstelde besunigings drigen it kabinet midstwa te spjalten en de nau mei de Labourpartij ferbûne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fakb%C3%BBn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fakbûn (noch net skreaun)">fakbûnen</a> fersetten har der út alle macht tsjin. Uteinlik wie MacDonald op <a href="/wiki/24_augustus" title="24 augustus">24 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> twongen en biedt syn ûntslach oan 'e kening oan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trêde_regear"><span id="Tr.C3.AAde_regear"></span>Trêde regear</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Dielside bewurkje: Trêde regear" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Trêde regear"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op oanrieden fan George V gie MacDonald doe in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regear_fan_nasjonale_ienheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regear fan nasjonale ienheid (noch net skreaun)">regear fan nasjonale ienheid</a> oan mei de Konservativen en de Liberalen. De Labourpartij beskôge dat as ferrie, en MacDonald en syn meistanners, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Snowden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Snowden (noch net skreaun)">Philip Snowden</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Henry_Thomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Henry Thomas (noch net skreaun)">James Henry Thomas</a>, waarden frijwol daliks út 'e partij set. Hja foarmen dêrnei in eigen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasjonale_Arbeidersorganisaasje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasjonale Arbeidersorganisaasje (noch net skreaun)">Nasjonale Arbeidersorganisaasje</a> (NLO of <i>National Labour</i>), dy't lykwols nea in soad oanhing ûnder de Britske befolking krige. Hoewol't MacDonald no eins net daliks ferkiezings brûke koe, waard er troch de Konservativen twongen om dy dochs út te skriuwen. Dêrby, yn <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>, wûn it regear fan nasjonale ienheid 554 sitten, wêrfan 473 fan 'e Konservativen, 13 fan <i>National Labour</i> en 68 fan 'e Liberale Partij en ferskate lytsere partijkes, wylst de Labourpartij mar 52 sitten wûn. Troch dy freeslike nederlaach (de slimste út 'e skiednis fan 'e Britske Labourpartij) boaze de ferbittering ûnder syn âlde partijgenoaten tsjin MacDonald ta grutte hichte oan. </p><p>Hoewol't syn eigen <i>National Labour</i>-groep amper meitelde, behold MacDonald it minister-presidintskip. Hy krige lykwols de Konservative swiergewichten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Baldwin (noch net skreaun)">Stanley Baldwin</a> en <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> en de Liberale partijlieder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Runciman,_1e_boarchgreve_Runciman_fan_Doxford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Runciman, 1e boarchgreve Runciman fan Doxford (noch net skreaun)">Walter Runciman</a> ûnder him. Yn 'e mande mei Chamberlain en Runciman betocht MacDonald yn <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> in nij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteksjonisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteksjonisme (noch net skreaun)">proteksjonistysk</a> ekonomysk belied foar it <a href="/wiki/Britske_Gemieneb%C3%AAst" class="mw-redirect" title="Britske Gemienebêst">Britske Gemienebêst</a>. Op it mêd fan 'e bûtenlânske polityk sette MacDonald swier yn op wjersidige ûntwapening. Yn <a href="/wiki/Juny" title="Juny">juny</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> siet er yn Londen in ekonomyske wrâldkonferinsje foar, dy't lykwols torpedearre waard troch de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Steaten" title="Feriene Steaten">Amerikanen</a> doe't dy bekendmakken dat se net fan doel wiene en stabilisearje de <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanske_dollar" title="Amerikaanske dollar">dollar</a>. </p><p>Geandewei <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> en <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> rekke MacDonald fysyk en mentaal hieltyd fierder yn 'e minnichte, en waard er as regearingslieder almar minder effektyf, wylst de earnst fan 'e ynternasjonale sitewaasje krekt oanboaze. Syn taspraken yn it Legerhûs degenerearren ta ynkoherinsje, oant úteinlik nimmen mear wist wat er no wer sizze soe en nimmen him begriep as er it sei. MacDonald syn <a href="/wiki/Pasifisme" title="Pasifisme">pasifisme</a>, dat yn 'e jierren tweintich noch troch in protte minsken bewûndere wie, begûn no syn swakke plak te wurden, en <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> en lyksinnigen beskuldigen him derfan dat er him troch <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> ynpakke liet. MacDonald wie him lykwols net ûnbewust fan syn ôfnimmende geastlike krêften, en yn it foarjier fan <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> kaam er mei Baldwin oerien dat er as premier ôftrede soe nei it sulveren regearingsjubileum fan kening George V, dat yn <a href="/wiki/Maaie" title="Maaie">maaie</a> fan dat jier fierd waard. Sadwaande droech er syn funksjes op <a href="/wiki/7_juny" title="7 juny">7 juny</a> oer oan Baldwin, al bleau er formeel lid fan it kabinet yn 'e earepost fan foarsitter fan 'e regearingsried. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg/180px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg/270px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg/360px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>MacDonald omtrint <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priveelibben">Priveelibben</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Dielside bewurkje: Priveelibben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Priveelibben"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ramsay MacDonald troude yn <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a> mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Ethel_Gladstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Ethel Gladstone (noch net skreaun)">Margaret Ethel Gladstone</a> (gjin famylje fan 'e <a href="/wiki/19e_iuw" title="19e iuw">njoggentjinde-iuwske</a> Britske premier <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ewart_Gladstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ewart Gladstone (noch net skreaun)">William Gladstone</a>). Harres wie in tige lokkich <a href="/wiki/Houlik" title="Houlik">houlik</a>, en se krigen seis bern, wêrûnder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_Gladstone_MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister Gladstone MacDonald (noch net skreaun)">Alister Gladstone MacDonald</a> (<a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>-<a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>), in foaroansteand <a href="/wiki/Arsjitekt" title="Arsjitekt">arsjitekt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm MacDonald (noch net skreaun)">Malcolm MacDonald</a> (<a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>-<a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>), dy't in karriêre as <a href="/wiki/Diplomaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomaat">diplomaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politikus" title="Politikus">politikus</a> en koloniaal gûverneur hie, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishbel_MacDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishbel MacDonald (noch net skreaun)">Ishbel MacDonald</a> (<a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>-<a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>), dy't har heite eachapel wie. MacDonald wie der stikken fan doe't syn frou yn <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> stoar oan in gefal fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloedfergiftiging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloedfergiftiging (noch net skreaun)">bloedfergiftiging</a>. </p><p>Neitiid hie MacDonald net folle relaasjes mear mei froulju, útsein ien mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lady_Margaret_Sackville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lady Margaret Sackville (noch net skreaun)">lady Margaret Sackville</a> en fansels mei Ishbel, dy't him fersoarge doe't it minder mei him begûn te gean. Yn 'e jierren tweintich en tritich wie MacDonald gauris te finen op 'e <i>soirées</i> dy't holden waarden troch de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_markizinne_fan_Londonderry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, markizinne fan Londonderry (noch net skreaun)">markizinne fan Londonderry</a>. Dat wie eins tsjin 'e seare skonk fan 'e Labourpartij oan, mei de markizinne troud wie mei in Konservative minister. </p><p>Fanwegen syn <a href="/wiki/Pasifisme" title="Pasifisme">pasifistyske</a> hâlding waard MacDonald yn <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> royearre as lid fan 'e Moray Golf Club yn syn berteplak Lossiemouth, om't er dy feriening te skande makke hawwe soe mei syn ferset tsjin 'e oarloch. Guon oare leden betreuren dizze gong fan saken en besochten syn royemint neitiid ûngedien te meitsjen, mar ferlearen in stimming dêrta op in ledegearkomste yn <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>. By in bysûndere ledegearkomste yn <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> wiene der einlings en te'n lêsten genôch stimmen om MacDonald wer op 'e nij as lid ta litten, mar tsjin dy tiid hied er dêr gjin boadskip mear oan en wegere er noch wat mei de klub fan dwaan te hawwen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lêste_jierren_en_dea"><span id="L.C3.AAste_jierren_en_dea"></span>Lêste jierren en dea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Dielside bewurkje: Lêste jierren en dea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Lêste jierren en dea"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ein <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> waard MacDonald by de nasjonale ferkiezings yn syn kiesdistrikt Seaham ferslein en ferlear er syn Legerhûssit, mar yn <a href="/wiki/Jannewaris" title="Jannewaris">jannewaris</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> waard er op 'e nij yn it parlemint keazen foar it kiesdistrikt fan 'e Mienskiplike Skotske Universiteiten. Letter dat jier sei er yn reäksje op Hitler syn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Remilitarisaasje_fan_it_Rynl%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remilitarisaasje fan it Rynlân (noch net skreaun)">remilitarisaasje fan it Rynlân</a> bliid te wêzen dat it <a href="/wiki/Ferdrach_fan_Versailles" title="Ferdrach fan Versailles">Ferdrach fan Versailles</a> einlik hielendal nei de foddekoer ferwiisd wie, en foege er dêroan ta dat er hope dat de Frânsen no in flinke les leard hiene. </p><p>Yn 'e rin fan dat jier stoarte MacDonald syn lichaamlike en geastlike sûnens hielendal yn, en doe't syn dokters him yn <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> in seereis oanretten, sette er ôf oer de <a href="/wiki/Atlantyske_Oseaan" title="Atlantyske Oseaan">Atlantyske Oseaan</a> nei <a href="/wiki/Amearika" class="mw-redirect" title="Amearika">Amearika</a>. Op <a href="/wiki/9_novimber" title="9 novimber">9 novimber</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> kaam er sadwaande ûnderweis, oan board fan 'e <i>Reina del Pacifico</i>, yn 'e âlderdom fan 71 jier te ferstjerren, yn it bywêzen fan syn jongste dochter Sheila. Syn tinktsjinst waard holden yn 'e Londenske <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, wêrnei't er <a href="/wiki/Kremaasje" title="Kremaasje">kremearre</a> waard en syn jiske by dy fan syn frou Margaret yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spynie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spynie (noch net skreaun)">Spynie</a> begroeven waard, yn noardeastlik Skotlân. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Grave_of_J_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1368343.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Grave_of_J_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1368343.jpg/210px-Grave_of_J_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1368343.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Grave_of_J_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1368343.jpg/315px-Grave_of_J_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1368343.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Grave_of_J_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1368343.jpg/420px-Grave_of_J_Ramsay_MacDonald_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1368343.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>It grêf fan Ramsay MacDonald yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spynie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spynie (noch net skreaun)">Spynie</a> (noardeastlik <a href="/wiki/Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Skotlân">Skotlân</a>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputaasje">Reputaasje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Dielside bewurkje: Reputaasje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_MacDonald&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Reputaasje"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In heale iuw lang waard MacDonald troch de Britske Labourpartij demonisearre as de ferrieder dy't mei de fijân omslein hie en de partij ta syn alderslimste ferkiezingsnederlaach brocht hie. In oare kwestje dy't tsjin MacDonald brûkt waard, wie syn <a href="/wiki/Pasifisme" title="Pasifisme">pasifisme</a> en syn dêrmei ferbûne mylde opstelling foar <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAtsl%C3%A2n" title="Dútslân">Dútslân</a> oer. Doe't de <a href="/wiki/Twadde_Wr%C3%A2ldoarloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Twadde Wrâldoarloch">Twadde Wrâldoarloch</a> yn <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> útbriek en Ingelân yn <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> suchte ûnder bombardeminten fan 'e <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i>, ûntstie der in syktocht nei de lju dy't oan Hitler tajûn hiene en it dêrmei safier komme litten hiene. MacDonald waard doe ûnder de '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilty_Men&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilty Men (noch net skreaun)">Skuldigen</a>' skaard. Fierders waard MacDonald, troch syn 'ferrie' en syn dêr al rillegau op folgjende mentale ôftakeling troch de <a href="/wiki/Wittenskip" title="Wittenskip">wittenskip</a> lange tiid beskôge as ûnynteressant en net ta de saak dwaand. </p><p>Pas yn <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a> ferskynde der in earste objektive <a href="/wiki/Biografy" title="Biografy">biografy</a> fan de man, skreaun troch it eardere Labour-parlemintslid <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Marquand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Marquand (noch net skreaun)">David Marquand</a>. Doe't neitiid oare <a href="/wiki/Histoarikus" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoarikus">histoarisy</a> har yn MacDonald begûnen te ferdjipjen, brocht objektyf ûndersyk oan it ljocht dat er krekt ien fan 'e oprjochters fan Labour wie, dy't de partij foar it earst oan 'e macht brocht en it Feriene Keninkryk byinoar hold yn it slimst fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Krisisjierren" class="mw-redirect" title="Krisisjierren">Krisisjierren</a>. En de beskuldiging dat MacDonald mei syn polityk foar Dútslân oer de <a href="/wiki/Twadde_Wr%C3%A2ldoarloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Twadde Wrâldoarloch">Twadde Wrâldoarloch</a> mooglik makke, is fansels falsk, mei't yn 'e perioade <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>-<a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>, lit stean yn 'e tweintiger jierren, nimmen foarsjen koe wat Hitler yn 't sin hie. </p> <div style="position:absolute; visibility:hidden; height:0; margin-top:1em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"><span id="Boarnen.2C_noaten_en_referinsjes"></span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berjocht:Boarnen&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section's source code: Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> </div> <table class="toccolours" style="font-size:85%; margin-top:1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; clear: both;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Foar boarnen en oare literatuer, sjoch ûnder: <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald"><i>References</i> en <i>Further reading</i>, op dizze side</a>. </p> <hr /> <div class="interProject" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramsay_MacDonald" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ramsay MacDonald">Commons</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate plainlinks"><div id="commonscat" class="plainlinks" style="padding:5px;"> <table id="catcommonslink" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td id="commonsinfopict" rowspan="1" valign="top"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure> </td> <td id="commonslink"> Ofbylden dy't by dit ûnderwerp hearre, binne te finen yn de kategory <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramsay_MacDonald?uselang=fy">Ramsay MacDonald</a> fan <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Wikimedia Commons</a>. </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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