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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The native form of this <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a> is <i>Murao Shigeyoshi</i>. This article uses <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> when mentioning individuals.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Shigeyoshi "Shig" Murao</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="jp">村尾重芳</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-portrait_photo-collage_of_Shig_Murao.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Self-portrait_photo-collage_of_Shig_Murao.jpeg/220px-Self-portrait_photo-collage_of_Shig_Murao.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Self-portrait_photo-collage_of_Shig_Murao.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="465" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Self portrait photo-collage of Shig Murao</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1926-12-08</span>)</span>December 8, 1926<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 18, 1999<span style="display:none">(1999-10-18)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Manager of <a href="/wiki/City_Lights_Bookstore" title="City Lights Bookstore">City Lights Bookstore</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Not guilty</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charge</th><td class="infobox-data">Sale of <a href="/wiki/Obscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Obscene">obscene</a> material</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shigeyoshi "Shig" Murao</b> (村尾重芳, <i>Murao Shigeyoshi</i>, b. December 8, 1926 – d. October 18, 1999) was a <a href="/wiki/Japanese-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese-American">Japanese-American</a> bookseller who is mainly remembered as the <a href="/wiki/City_Lights_Bookstore" title="City Lights Bookstore">City Lights</a> manager and clerk who was arrested on June 3, 1957, for selling <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Howl_(poem)" title="Howl (poem)">Howl</a></i> to an undercover San Francisco police officer.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the trial that followed, Murao was charged with selling the book and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ferlinghetti" title="Lawrence Ferlinghetti">Lawrence Ferlinghetti</a> with publishing it. Murao and Ferlinghetti were exonerated, and <i>Howl</i> was judged protected under the First Amendment, a decision that paved the way for the publication of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller" title="Henry Miller">Henry Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/D.H._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="D.H. Lawrence">D.H. Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Burroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="William Burroughs">William Burroughs</a>, and many other writers who offended the sensibilities of the majority.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_background">Family background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murao's father, Shigekata Murao, was born in 1888 (d. early 1970s) in <a href="/wiki/Chiran,_Kagoshima" title="Chiran, Kagoshima">Chiran, Kagoshima</a> (now part of the city of <a href="/wiki/Minamiky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Minamikyūshū">Minamikyūshū</a>) to a former samurai family. He attended business school, and immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> in 1910 against his family's wishes, working menial jobs to earn money. He eventually moved to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, where he opened a successful butcher shop named Annex Meats. In 1920, he returned to Chiran, and entered into an arranged marriage with Ume Sata (d. 1984), who was an orphan "from a prominent samurai family". </p><p>The Muraos then returned to Seattle, where Ume gave birth to several children - excluding Murao and his twin sister: Mitsuko (b. 1923, worked for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>), twins Shigesato and Masako (b. 1924, Masako died in infancy, Shigesato became a teacher in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>), Mutsuko (b. 1928, retired former editor at <a href="/wiki/Harper_and_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper and Row">Harper and Row</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murao and his twin sister Shizuko were born on December 8, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. In 1942, following the attack on Pearl Harbor and signing of <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9066" title="Executive Order 9066">Executive Order 9066</a>, Murao and his family were interned at the <a href="/wiki/Minidoka_War_Relocation_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Minidoka War Relocation Center">Minidoka War Relocation Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Service_(United_States)" title="Military Intelligence Service (United States)">Military Intelligence Service</a> in 1944, and worked in post-war Japan as an interpreter.<sup id="cite_ref-discovernikkei_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovernikkei-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Managing_City_Lights">Managing <i>City Lights</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Managing City Lights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin, the co-founder of City Lights, hired Murao as a clerk soon after the store opened in June 1953. Murao worked without pay for the first few weeks, but eventually became the manager of the bookstore,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his genial personality set the tone for the bookstore.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued in that position until 1976, building friendships with many of the <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat</a> icons, including Ginsberg, who became a close friend and would stay at Murao's Grant Avenue apartment when visiting the Bay Area.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murao suffered the first in a series of strokes in the fall of 1975. When he returned to work Ferlinghetti wanted to bring in new management. Murao refused this arrangement and walked away from the store that had been his life. Murao and Ferlinghetti never reconciled.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-City_Lights">Post-<i>City Lights</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-City Lights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murao was not a poet, but he played a key role in the San Francisco Beat scene and had a large circle of friends, including Ginsberg, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McClure" title="Michael McClure">Michael McClure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brautigan" title="Richard Brautigan">Richard Brautigan</a>, and many other literary and Beat-era figures. After his separation from City Lights, he held court in the <a href="/wiki/Caffe_Trieste" title="Caffe Trieste">Caffe Trieste</a> and published a photocopied zine called <i>Shig's Review</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Ball-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first three issues of <i>Shig's Review,</i> published in 1960 and 1969, were printed and bound. Beginning in 1983, Murao revived the review as a photocopied zine. He would take a collection of poems, photos, poetry reading fliers, or his own collages to a copy shop and make twenty or thirty copies. He would then staple them in the corner, put his <a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">hanko</a> on the cover in red ink, and walk down to the Caffe Trieste, where he would give them to his friends. Murao published about eighty issues of the quirky review before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-SRS-2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRS-2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984, Murao's mother Ume passed away, and his nephew by Shigesato, John Murao, wanted to take her ashes to be buried in Japan. Murao decided to join him on the trip. To help raise funds for the trip, he sold many of the first editions that he had accumulated working at City Lights. They visited several places, including a Nagasaki monastery where his uncle Shigeo was a monk, before eventually reaching Chiran and visiting the Murao family grave to bury Ume. The Murao family had long moved out of the area, but Murao was able to visit some of the most important places to his ascendants, including the Murao and Sata family homes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 90s, Murao moved to an assisted living home in Palo Alto, California, and briefly recreated his life in North Beach, visiting cafes and bookstores in an electric wheelchair. After an accident in the wheelchair, he moved to a convalescent hospital in Cupertino, California, where he died in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Ball-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Morgan and Nancy Peters, <i>Howl on Trial,</i> City Lights Books, 2006, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evelyn Nieves,"Ferlinghetti's City Lights, Still A Beacon at 50," <i>Washington Post,</i> 6/9/03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/Shig_Murao/Samura_family_2.html">"A Samurai Family (1920)"</a>. <i>bancroft.berkeley.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bancroft.berkeley.edu&rft.atitle=A+Samurai+Family+%281920%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbancroft.berkeley.edu%2Fcollections%2FShig_Murao%2FSamura_family_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShig+Murao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discovernikkei-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discovernikkei_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2011" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Richard (November 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2011/11/10/samurai-family/">"Shig Murao: A Samurai Family (1920)"</a>. DiscoverNikkei.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shig+Murao%3A+A+Samurai+Family+%281920%29&rft.pub=DiscoverNikkei.org&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovernikkei.org%2Fen%2Fjournal%2F2011%2F11%2F10%2Fsamurai-family%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShig+Murao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn Hubler, "City Lights Illuminates the Past," <i>Los Angeles Times,</i> 5/27/03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Morgan, <i>The Beat Generation in San Francisco,</i> City Lights Books, 2003, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Ball, "'Howl' and Other Victories: A friend remembers City Lights' Shig Murao," <i>San Francisco Chronicle,</i> 11/28/99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn Hubler</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Ball-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Ball</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SRS-2010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SRS-2010_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurao" class="citation web cs1">Murao, Shig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016133156/http://shigmurao.org/Shig_Project/SR_Sampler.html">"Shig's Review Sampler"</a>. <i>Shig Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shigmurao.org/Shig_Project/SR_Sampler.html">the original</a> on 16 Oct 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shig+Project&rft.atitle=Shig%27s+Review+Sampler&rft.aulast=Murao&rft.aufirst=Shig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshigmurao.org%2FShig_Project%2FSR_Sampler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShig+Murao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/Shig_Murao/Visit_to_Japan.html">"Visit to Japan"</a>. <i>bancroft.berkeley.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bancroft.berkeley.edu&rft.atitle=Visit+to+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbancroft.berkeley.edu%2Fcollections%2FShig_Murao%2FVisit_to_Japan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShig+Murao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/Shig_Murao/">Shig Murao: The Enigmatic Soul of City Lights and the San Francisco Beat Scene (Bancroft Library)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415194853/http://articles.sfgate.com/1999-11-28/books/17705832_1_north-beach-howl-and-other-poems-allen">'Howl' and Other Victories: A Friend Remembers City Lights' Shig Murao</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419060409/http://www.nikkeiwest.com/index.php/the-news/past-articles/145-murao-is-missing-bookseller-left-out-of-howl-movie">"Murao is Missing: Bookseller Left Out of 'Howl' Movie</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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