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This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. 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Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{short description|Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters}} {{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=October 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} '''ISO 15919''' (Transliteration of [[Devanagari]] and related [[Indic scripts]] into [[Latin characters]]) is an international standard for the [[romanization]] of [[Brahmic scripts|Brahmic]] and [[Nastaliq]] scripts. Published in 2001, it is part of a [[List of ISO romanizations|series of international standards]] by the [[International Organization for Standardization]]. == Overview == {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" |+ ISO 15919 transliterations ! {{sort|ISO|ISO}} ! 7-bit<br />ISO ! [[Devanagari]] ! [[Nastaliq]] ! [[Gurmukhi]] ! [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ! [[Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali–Assamese]] ! [[Odia script|Odia]] ! [[Tamil script|Tamil]] ! [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] ! [[Kannada script|Kannada]] ! [[Telugu script|Telugu]] ! [[Sinhala script|Sinhala]] |- ! {{sort|A|{{transl|inc|ISO|a|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|a|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|अ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اَ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਅ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|અ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|অ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଅ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|அ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|അ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಅ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|అ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|අ}} |- ! {{sort|Aa|{{transl|inc|ISO|ā|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|aa|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|आ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|آ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਆ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|આ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|আ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଆ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஆ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ആ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಆ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఆ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ආ}} |- ! {{sort|Ae|{{transl|inc|ISO|æ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|ae|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඇ}} |- ! {{sort|Aae|{{transl|inc|ISO|ǣ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|aee|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඈ}} |- ! {{sort|I|{{transl|inc|ISO|i|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|i|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|इ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اِ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਇ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઇ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ই}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଇ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|இ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഇ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಇ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఇ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඉ}} |- ! {{sort|Ii|{{transl|inc|ISO|ī|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|ii|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ई}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اِی}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਈ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઈ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঈ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଈ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஈ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഈ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಈ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఈ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඊ}} |- ! {{sort|U|{{transl|inc|ISO|u|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|u|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|उ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اُ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਉ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઉ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|উ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଉ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|உ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഉ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಉ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఉ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|උ}} |- ! {{sort|Uu|{{transl|inc|ISO|ū|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|uu|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऊ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اُو}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਊ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઊ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঊ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଊ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஊ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഊ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಊ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఊ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඌ}} |- ! {{sort|U-virama|{{transl|inc|ISO|ŭ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^u|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|്}} | | | |- ! {{sort|R-vocalic|{{transl|inc|ISO|r̥|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|,r|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऋ}} | | | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઋ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঋ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଋ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഋ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಋ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఋ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඍ}} |- ! {{sort|Rr-vocalic|{{transl|inc|ISO|r̥̄|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|,rr|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ॠ}} | | | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ૠ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ৠ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ୠ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ൠ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ೠ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ౠ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඎ}} |- ! {{sort|L-vocalic|{{transl|inc|ISO|l̥|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|,l|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऌ}} | | | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઌ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঌ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଌ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഌ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಌ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఌ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඏ}} |- ! {{sort|Ll-vocalic|{{transl|inc|ISO|l̥̄|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|,ll|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ॡ}} | | | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ૡ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ৡ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ୡ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ൡ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ೡ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ౡ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඐ}} |- ! {{sort|E-short|{{transl|inc|ISO|e|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|e|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऎ}} | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Taml|எ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|എ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಎ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఎ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|එ}} |- ! {{sort|E|{{transl|inc|ISO|ē|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|ee|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ए}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اے}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਏ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|એ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|এ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଏ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஏ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഏ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಏ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఏ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඒ}} |- ! {{sort|E-candra|{{transl|inc|ISO|ê|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^e|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऍ}} | | | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઍ}} | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Ai|{{transl|inc|ISO|ai|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|ai|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऐ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اَے}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਐ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઐ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঐ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଐ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஐ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഐ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಐ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఐ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඓ}} |- ! {{sort|O-short|{{transl|inc|ISO|o|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|o|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऒ}} | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஒ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഒ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಒ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఒ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඔ}} |- ! {{sort|O|{{transl|inc|ISO|ō|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|oo|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ओ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|او}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਓ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઓ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ও}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଓ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஓ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഓ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಓ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఓ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඕ}} |- ! {{sort|O-candra|{{transl|inc|ISO|ô|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^o|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऑ}} | | | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઑ}} | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Au|{{transl|inc|ISO|au|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|au|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|औ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|اَو}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਔ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઔ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঔ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଔ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஔ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഔ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಔ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఔ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඖ}} |- ! {{sort|M-anusvara|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṁ|italic=no}}{{efn|ISO 15919 gives two options for transliterating the characters in this row: either as ṁ, or, if there is a stop or nasal following, as the corresponding [[homorganic nasal]].}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|;m|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ं}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ں}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਂ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ં}} | {{lang|inc-Beng| ং}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଂ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஂ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ം}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಂ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ం}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ං}} |- ! {{sort|M-tippi|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṃ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.m|italic=no}} | | | {{lang|inc-Guru|ੰ}} | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|M-candrabindu|{{transl|inc|ISO|m̐|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|~m|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ँ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ں}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਁ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઁ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng| ঁ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଁ}} | | | | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఀ}} | |- ! {{sort|N-candrabindu|{{transl|inc|ISO|n̆|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^n|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఁ}} | |- ! {{sort|H-visarga|{{transl|inc|ISO|ḥ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.h|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ः}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ہ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਃ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઃ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng| ঃ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଃ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഃ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಃ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ః}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඃ}} |- ! {{sort|H-jihvamuliya|{{transl|inc|ISO|ẖ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_h|italic=no}} | ᳵ | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Knda|ೱ}} | | |- ! {{sort|H-upadhmaniya|{{transl|inc|ISO|ḫ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^h|italic=no}} | ᳶ | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Knda|ೲ}} | | |- ! {{sort|K-visarga|{{transl|inc|ISO|ḵ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_k|italic=no}} | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஃ}} | | | | |- ! {{sort|Ka|{{transl|inc|ISO|k|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|k|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|क}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ک}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਕ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ક}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ক}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|କ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|க}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ക}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಕ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|క}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ක}} |- ! {{sort|Kha|{{transl|inc|ISO|kh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|kh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ख}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|کھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਖ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ખ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|খ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଖ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഖ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಖ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఖ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඛ}} |- ! {{sort|Ga|{{transl|inc|ISO|g|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|g|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ग}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|گ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਗ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ગ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|গ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଗ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഗ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಗ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|గ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ග}} |- ! {{sort|Gha|{{transl|inc|ISO|gh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|gh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|घ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|گھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਘ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઘ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঘ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଘ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഘ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಘ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఘ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඝ}} |- ! {{sort|Nga|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṅ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|;n|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ङ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ن٘}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਙ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઙ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঙ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଙ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ங}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ങ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಙ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఙ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඞ}} |- ! {{sort|Nga|{{transl|inc|ISO|n̆g|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^ng|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඟ}} |- ! {{sort|Ca|{{transl|inc|ISO|c|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|c|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|च}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|چ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਚ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ચ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|চ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଚ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ச}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ച}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಚ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|చ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ච}} |- ! {{sort|Tsa|{{transl|inc|ISO|ĉ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^c|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Telu|ౘ}} | |- ! {{sort|Cha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ch|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|ch|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|छ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|چھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਛ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|છ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ছ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଛ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഛ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಛ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఛ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඡ}} |- ! {{sort|Ja|{{transl|inc|ISO|j|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|j|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ज}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ج}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਜ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|જ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|জ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଜ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஜ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ജ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಜ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|జ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ජ}} |- ! {{sort|Jha|{{transl|inc|ISO|jh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|jh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|झ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|جھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਝ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઝ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঝ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଝ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഝ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಝ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఝ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඣ}} |- ! {{sort|Nya|{{transl|inc|ISO|ñ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|~n|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ञ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ڃ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਞ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઞ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঞ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଞ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஞ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഞ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಞ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఞ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඤ}} |- ! {{sort|Nja|{{transl|inc|ISO|n̆j|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^nj|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඦ}} |- ! {{sort|Tta|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṭ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.t|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ट}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ٹ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਟ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ટ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ট}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଟ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ட}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ട}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಟ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ట}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ට}} |- ! {{sort|Ttha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṭh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.th|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ठ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ٹھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਠ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઠ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঠ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଠ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഠ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಠ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఠ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඨ}} |- ! {{sort|Dda|{{transl|inc|ISO|ḍ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.d|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ड}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ڈ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਡ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ડ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ড}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଡ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഡ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಡ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|డ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඩ}} |- ! {{sort|Ddha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ḍh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.dh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ढ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ڈھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਢ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઢ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঢ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଢ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഢ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಢ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఢ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඪ}} |- ! {{sort|Rra|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṛ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.r|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ड़}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ڑ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ੜ}} | | {{lang|inc-Beng|ড়}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଡ଼}} | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Rrha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṛh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.rh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ढ़}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ڑھ}}}} | | | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঢ়}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଢ଼}} | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Nna|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṇ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.n|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ण}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ݨ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਣ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ણ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ণ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଣ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ண}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ണ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಣ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ణ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ණ}} |- ! {{sort|Ndda|{{transl|inc|ISO|n̆ḍ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^n.d|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඬ}} |- ! {{sort|Ta|{{transl|inc|ISO|t|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|t|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|त}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ت}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਤ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ત}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ত}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ତ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|த}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ത}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ತ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|త}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ත}} |- ! {{sort|Tha|{{transl|inc|ISO|th|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|th|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|थ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|تھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਥ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|થ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|থ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଥ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഥ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಥ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|థ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ථ}} |- ! {{sort|Da|{{transl|inc|ISO|d|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|d|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|द}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|د}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਦ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|દ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|দ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଦ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ദ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ದ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ద}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ද}} |- ! {{sort|Dha|{{transl|inc|ISO|dh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|dh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ध}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|دھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਧ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ધ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ধ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଧ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ധ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಧ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ధ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ධ}} |- ! {{sort|Na|{{transl|inc|ISO|n|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|n|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|न}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ن}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਨ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ન}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ন}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ନ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ந}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ന}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ನ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|న}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|න}} |- ! {{sort|Nda|{{transl|inc|ISO|n̆d|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^nd|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඳ}} |- ! {{sort|Pa|{{transl|inc|ISO|p|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|p|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|प}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|پ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਪ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|પ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|প}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ପ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ப}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|പ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಪ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ప}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ප}} |- ! {{sort|Pha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ph|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|ph|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|फ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|پھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਫ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ફ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ফ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଫ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഫ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಫ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఫ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඵ}} |- ! {{sort|Ba|{{transl|inc|ISO|b|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|b|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ब}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ب}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਬ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|બ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ব}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ବ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ബ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಬ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|బ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|බ}} |- ! {{sort|Bha|{{transl|inc|ISO|bh|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|bh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|भ}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|بھ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਭ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ભ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ভ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଭ}} | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഭ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಭ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|భ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|භ}} |- ! {{sort|Ma|{{transl|inc|ISO|m|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|m|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|म}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|م}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਮ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|મ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ম}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ମ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ம}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|മ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಮ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|మ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ම}} |- ! {{sort|Mba|{{transl|inc|ISO|m̆b|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^mb|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ඹ}} |- ! {{sort|Rra|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṟ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_r|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऱ}} | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Taml|ற}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|റ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಱ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఱ}} | |- ! {{sort|Ttta|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṯ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_t|italic=no}} | | | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഺ}} | | | |- ! {{sort|Nnna|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṉ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_n|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऩ}} | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Taml|ன}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഩ}} | | | |- ! {{sort|Llla|{{transl|inc|ISO|ḻ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_l|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऴ}} | | | | | | {{lang|inc-Taml|ழ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഴ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ೞ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఴ}} | |- ! {{sort|Ya|{{transl|inc|ISO|y|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|y|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|य}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ی}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਯ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ય}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|য}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଯ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ய}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|യ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಯ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|య}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ය}} |- ! {{sort|Yya|{{transl|inc|ISO|ẏ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|;y|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|य़}} | | | | {{lang|inc-Beng|য়}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ୟ}} | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Ra|{{transl|inc|ISO|r|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|r|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|र}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ر}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਰ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ર}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|র}}, {{lang|as|ৰ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ର}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ர}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ര}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ರ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ర}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ර}} |- ! {{sort|Rra-virama|{{transl|inc|ISO|r̆|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^r|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|र्‍}} | | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|La|{{transl|inc|ISO|l|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|l|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ल}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ل}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਲ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|લ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ল}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଲ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ல}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ല}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಲ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ల}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ල}} |- ! {{sort|Lla|{{transl|inc|ISO|ḷ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.l|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ळ}} | لؕ | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਲ਼}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ળ}} | | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଳ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ள}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ള}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಳ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ళ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ළ}} |- ! {{sort|Va|{{transl|inc|ISO|v|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|v|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|व}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|و}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਵ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|વ}} | {{lang|as|ৱ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଵ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|வ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|വ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ವ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|వ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ව}} |- ! {{sort|Sha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ś|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|;s|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|श}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ش}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਸ਼}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|શ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|শ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଶ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஶ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ശ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಶ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|శ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ශ}} |- ! {{sort|Ssa|{{transl|inc|ISO|ṣ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.s|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ष}} | | | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ષ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ষ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଷ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஷ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഷ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಷ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ష}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ෂ}} |- ! {{sort|Sa|{{transl|inc|ISO|s|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|s|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|स}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|س}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਸ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|સ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|স}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ସ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஸ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|സ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಸ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|స}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ස}} |- ! {{sort|Ha|{{transl|inc|ISO|h|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|h|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ह}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ہ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਹ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|હ}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|হ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ହ}} | {{lang|inc-Taml|ஹ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഹ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಹ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|హ}} | {{lang|inc-Sinh|හ}} |- ! {{sort|-avagraha|{{transl|inc|ISO|'|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|'|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऽ}} | | | | {{lang|inc-Beng|ঽ}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ઽ}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ଽ}} | {{lang|inc-Mlym|ഽ}} | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಽ}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ఽ}} | |- ! {{sort|Qa|{{transl|inc|ISO|q|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|q|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|क़}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ق}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਕ਼}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ક઼}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ক়}} | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Khha|{{transl|inc|ISO|k͟h|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_kh|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ख़}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|خ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਖ਼}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ખ઼}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|খ়}} | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Ghha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ġ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.g|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ग़}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|غ}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਗ਼}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ગ઼}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|গ়}} | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Za|{{transl|inc|ISO|z|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|z|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|ज़}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ز}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਜ਼}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|જ઼}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|জ়}} | | | | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಜ಼}} | {{lang|inc-Telu|ౙ}} | |- ! {{sort|Fa|{{transl|inc|ISO|f|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|f|italic=no}} | {{lang|inc-Deva|फ़}} | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ف}}}} | {{lang|inc-Guru|ਫ਼}} | {{lang|inc-Gujr|ફ઼}} | {{lang|inc-Beng|ফ়}} | | | | {{lang|inc-Knda|ಫ಼}} | | {{lang|inc-Sinh|ෆ}} |- ! {{sort|Wa|{{transl|inc|ISO|w|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|w|italic=no}} | व़ | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|و}}}} | | | {{lang|inc-Beng|ব়}} | {{lang|inc-Orya|ୱ}} | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Sssa|{{transl|inc|ISO|s̱|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_s|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ث}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Ssssa|{{transl|inc|ISO|s̤|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|,s|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ص}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Hha|{{transl|inc|ISO|h̤|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|,h|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ح}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Ttta|{{transl|inc|ISO|t̤|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|,t|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ط}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|A-guttural|{{transl|inc|ISO|ʻ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ع}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Zha|{{transl|inc|ISO|ž|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|^z|italic=no}} | झ़ | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ژ}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Zza|{{transl|inc|ISO|ẕ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|_z|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ذ}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Zzza|{{transl|inc|ISO|ż|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|;z|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ض}}}} | | | | | | | | | |- ! {{sort|Zzzza|{{transl|inc|ISO|ẓ|italic=no}}}} ! {{transl|inc|ISO|.z|italic=no}} | | {{lang|inc-Aran|{{Nastaliq|ظ}}}} | | | | | | | | | |} == Relation to other systems == ISO 15919 is an international standard on the [[romanization]] of many [[Brahmic scripts]], which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries.{{cn|date=September 2016}} However, the [[Hunterian transliteration]] system is the "national system of romanization in [[India]]" and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products."<ref name="ref04xufam">{{Citation | title=Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names | author=United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs | year=2007 | publisher=United Nations Publications, 2007 | isbn=978-92-1-161500-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mh8u32ANQxAC | quote=... ISO 15919 ... There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products ... The Hunterian system is the actually used national system of romanization in India ...}}</ref><ref name="ref48luvep">{{Citation | title=United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East, Volume 2 | author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs | year=1955 | publisher=United Nations, 1955 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKsvAAAAYAAJ | quote=... In India the Hunterian system is used, whereby every sound in the local language is uniformly represented by a certain letter in the Roman alphabet ...}}</ref><ref name="ref65puqac">{{Citation | title=Indian scientific & technical publications, exhibition 1960: a bibliography | author=National Library (India) | year=1960 | publisher=Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Government of India, 1960 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8VYEAQAAIAAJ | quote=... The Hunterian system of transliteration, which has international acceptance, has been used ...}}</ref> Another standard, [[United Nations romanization systems for geographical names|United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names]] (UNRSGN), was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/|title=UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems|website=www.eki.ee|access-date=2017-02-14}}</ref> and covers many Brahmic scripts. The [[ALA-LC romanization]] was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration]] (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for the [[transliteration]] of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_hi.htm|title=Differences between ISO 15919 and UNRSGN|date=March 2016|website=Working group on Romanization systems. www.eki.ee/wgrs/|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> transliterate [[anusvara]] as '''ṁ''', while [[ALA-LC]] and [[IAST]] use '''ṃ''' for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in the table below. === Comparison with [[United Nations romanization systems for geographical names|UNRSGN]] and [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]] === The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN<ref name=":0" /> and IAST for [[Devanagari]] transliteration. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Devanagari ! ISO 15919 ! UNRSGN ! IAST ! Comment |- | {{lang|inc-Deva|ए / े}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|ē}} | e | {{IAST|e}} | To distinguish between long and short 'e' in [[Dravidian languages]], 'e' now represents {{lang|inc-Deva|ऎ / ॆ}} (short). The use of {{transl|inc|ISO|ē}} is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using {{transl|inc|ISO|e}} for {{lang|inc-Deva|ए}} (long) is acceptable for languages that do not distinguish long and short e. |- | {{lang|inc-Deva|ओ / ो}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|ō}} | o | {{IAST|o}} | To distinguish between long and short 'o' in Dravidian languages, 'o' now represents {{lang|inc-Deva|ऒ / ॊ}} (short). The use of {{transl|inc|ISO|ō}} is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using {{transl|inc|ISO|o}} for {{lang|inc-Deva|ओ}} (long) is acceptable for languages that do not distinguish long and short o. |- | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऋ / ृ}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|r̥}} | ṛ | {{IAST|ṛ}} | In ISO 15919, ṛ is used to represent {{lang|inc-Deva|ड़}}. |- | {{lang|inc-Deva|ॠ / ॄ}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|r̥̄}} | ṝ | {{IAST|ṝ}} | For consistency with r̥ |- | {{lang|inc-Deva|ऌ / ॢ}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|l̥}} | l̤ | {{IAST|ḷ}} | In ISO 15919, ḷ is used to represent {{lang|inc-Deva|ळ}}. |- | {{lang|inc-Deva|ॡ / ॣ}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|l̥̄}} | l̤̄ | {{IAST|ḹ}} | For consistency with l̥ |- | rowspan="2" | {{lang|inc-Deva|◌ं}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|ṁ}} | rowspan="2" | ṁ | rowspan="2" | {{IAST|ṃ}} | rowspan="2" | ISO 15919 has two options about anusvāra. (1) In the simplified nasalization option, an anusvāra is always transliterated as ''ṁ''. (2) In the strict nasalization option, anusvāra before a class consonant is transliterated as the class nasal—''ṅ'' before k, kh, g, gh, ṅ; ''ñ'' before c, ch, j, jh, ñ; ''ṇ'' before ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ; ''n'' before t, th, d, dh, n; ''m'' before p, ph, b, bh, m. ''ṃ'' is sometimes used to specifically represent the [[Gurmukhi alphabet|Gurmukhi]] tippi {{lang|inc-Guru| ੰ}}. |- | {{transl|inc|ISO|ṅ ñ ṇ n m}} |- | {{lang|inc-Deva|◌ँ}} | {{transl|inc|ISO|m̐}} | | {{IAST|m̐}} | Vowel nasalization is transliterated as a tilde above the transliterated vowel (over the second vowel in the case of a digraph such as aĩ, aũ), except in Sanskrit. |- |} == Font support == {{expand section|date=September 2016}} Only certain [[font]]s support all Latin [[Unicode]] characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, [[Tahoma (typeface)|Tahoma]] supports almost all the characters needed. [[Arial]] and [[Times New Roman]] font packages that come with [[Microsoft Office 2007]] and later also support most [[Latin Extended Additional]] characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. [[ISO/IEC 14755]] refers to this as a ''[[Unicode input#Selection from a screen|screen-selection entry method]]''. == See also == * [[National Library at Kolkata romanisation]] * [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST)]] == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=28333 ISO 15919:2001] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160418005359/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stone-catend/translit.htm Transliteration of Indic scripts: how to use ISO 15919] (archived 18 April 2016) * [https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/transforms/Latin-Indic.html Unicode.org CLDR chart of Latin-Indic transliteration] * [http://virtualvinodh.com/aksharamukha Aksharamukha Asian Script Converter] Transliterates between about 20 Asian scripts and several romanization standards including ISO 15919 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100222175146/http://smc.org.in/silpa/Transliterate Any indic language to another indic language Transliteration] – SILPA project (archived 22 February 2010) * [http://vikku.info/indian-language-unicode-converter/index.html Indian Languages Transliteration] – Basic Transliteration for users and programmers. * [http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Hindi-Marathi-Nepali.pdf Transliteration standard for Hindi, Marathi & Nepali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100123021616/http://www.dealloc.org/~mublin/ iso15919.py] – An implementation of the Devanāgarī part of ISO 15919 in Python (archived 23 January 2010) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100729134028/http://indicscripts.com/transliterator.php Devanagari, Sinhala, Tamil and ISO 15919 transliteration service] (archived 29 July 2010) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715132237/http://www.puredaft.com/examples/iast/ Devanāgarī to ISO 15919 (IAST) converter] Online tool for converting Devanagari to IAST (archived 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