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By 1889, he owned Carnegie Steel Corporation, the largest of its kind in the world. In 1901 he sold his business and dedicated his time to expanding his philanthropic work, including the establishment of Carnegie-Mellon University in 1904.Early LifeAndrew Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Although he had little formal education, Carnegie grew up in a family that believed in the importance of books and learning. The son of a handloom weaver, Carnegie grew up to become one of the wealthiest businessmen in America.At the age of 13, in 1848, Carnegie came to the United States with his family. They settled in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and Carnegie went to work in a factory, earning $1.20 a week. The next year he found a job as a telegraph messenger. Hoping to advance his career, he moved up to a telegraph operator position in 1851. He then took a job at the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1853. He worked as the assistant and telegrapher to Thomas Scott, one of the railroad's top officials. Through this experience, he learned about the railroad industry and about business in general. Three years later, Carnegie was promoted to superintendent.Steel TycoonWhile working for the railroad, Carnegie began making investments. He made many wise choices and found that his investments, especially those in oil, brought in substantial returns. He left the railroad in 1865 to focus on his other business interests, including the Keystone Bridge Company.By the next decade, most of Carnegie's time was dedicated to the steel industry. His business, which became known as the Carnegie Steel Company, revolutionized steel production in the United States. Carnegie built plants around the country, using technology and methods that made manufacturing steel easier, faster and more productive. For every step of the process, he owned exactly what he needed: the raw materials, ships and railroads for transporting the goods, and even coal fields to fuel the steel furnaces.This start-to-finish strategy helped Carnegie become the dominant force in the industry and an exceedingly wealthy man. It also made him known as one of America's \"builders,\" as his business helped to fuel the economy and shape the nation into what it is today. By 1889, Carnegie Steel Corporation was the largest of its kind in the world.Some felt that the company's success came at the expense of its workers. The most notable case of this came in 1892. When the company tried to lower wages at a Carnegie Steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, the employees objected. They refused to work, starting what has been called the Homestead Strike of 1892. The conflict between the workers and local managers turned violent after the managers called in guards to break up the union. While Carnegie was away at the time of strike, many still held him accountable for his managers' actions.PhilanthropyIn 1901, Carnegie made a dramatic change in his life. He sold his business to the United States Steel Corporation, started by legendary financier J.P. Morgan. The sale earned him more than $200 million. At the age of 65, Carnegie decided to spend the rest of his days helping others. While he had begun his philanthropic work years earlier by building libraries and making donations, Carnegie expanded his efforts in the early 20th century.Carnegie, an avid reader for much of his life, donated approximately $5 million to the New York Public Library so that the library could open several branches in 1901. Devoted to learning, he established the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, which is now known as Carnegie-Mellon University in 1904. The next year, he created the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 1905. With his strong interest to peace, he formed the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in 1910. He made numerous other donations, and it is said that more than 2,800 libraries were opened with his support.Besides his business and charitable interests, Carnegie enjoyed traveling and meeting and entertaining leading figures in many fields. He was friends with Matthew Arnold, Mark Twain, William Gladstone, and Theodore Roosevelt. Carnegie also wrote several books and numerous articles. His 1889 article \"Wealth\" outlined his view that those with great wealth must be socially responsible and use their assets to help others. This was later published as the 1900 book The Gospel of Wealth.DeathCarnegie died on August 11, 1919, in Lenox, Massachusetts, at the age of 83.QUICK FACTSName: Andrew CarnegieBirth Year: 1835Birth date: November 25, 1835Birth City: Dunfermline, ScotlandBirth Country: United KingdomGender: MaleBest Known For: Andrew Carnegie was a self-made steel tycoon and one of the wealthiest businessmen of the 19th century. He later dedicated his life to philanthropic endeavors.IndustriesBusiness and IndustryAstrological Sign: SagittariusDeath Year: 1919Death date: August 11, 1919Death State: MassachusettsDeath City: LenoxDeath Country: United StatesFact CheckWe strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us!CITATION INFORMATIONArticle Title: Andrew Carnegie BiographyAuthor: Biography.com EditorsWebsite Name: The Biography.com websiteUrl: https://www.biography.com/business-leaders/andrew-carnegieAccess Date: Publisher: AE; Television NetworksLast Updated: May 26, 2021Original Published Date: April 3, 2014QUOTESPeople who are unable to motivate themselves must be content with mediocrity, no matter how impressive their other talents.The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced.I cannot tell you how proud I was when I received my first week's own earnings. One dollar and twenty cents made by myself and given to me because I had been of some use in the world!I always liked the idea of being my own master, of manufacturing something and giving employment to many men.In bestowing charity, the main consideration should be to help those who will help themselves.I should as soon leave to my son a curse as the almighty dollar.No party is so foolish as to nominate for the presidency a rich man, much less a millionaire. Democracy elects poor men.There is always room at the top in every pursuit. Concentrate all your thought and energy upon the performance of your duties. Put all your eggs into one basket and then watch that basket.Do not make riches, but usefulness, your first aim.I congratulate poor young men upon being born to that ancient and honorable degree which renders it necessary that they should devote themselves to hard work.The aim of the millionaire should be, first, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display and extravagances.","wordCount":1908,"articleSection":"Famous Business Leaders","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","height":1200,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=1200:*","width":1200},{"@type":"ImageObject","height":900,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1xw:0.75xh;center,top&resize=1200:*","width":1200},{"@type":"ImageObject","height":675,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1xw:0.5625xh;center,top&resize=1200:*","width":1200}],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.biography.com/business-leaders/andrew-carnegie","@type":"WebPage"},"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Biography","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/biography","https://www.facebook.com/Biography","https://www.instagram.com/biography/"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo-jsonld.736cd17.png","width":312,"height":60},"parentOrganization":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Hearst Corporation"}},"keywords":["content-type: Profile","locale: US","displayType: standard article"],"url":"https://www.biography.com/business-leaders/andrew-carnegie","isBasedOn":"https://www.biography.com/business-leaders/andrew-carnegie","dateModified":"2021-05-26T20:58:00Z","description":"Andrew Carnegie was a self-made steel tycoon and one of the wealthiest businessmen of the 19th century. 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He later dedicated his life to philanthropic endeavors.</p></div><div class="css-xst9cf e1f1sunr5"><address class="css-h18ss9 e1v8cotw2"><time class="css-gzal4i e1f1sunr4">Updated: May 26, 2021 4:58 PM EDT</time></address></div><div class="no-print css-17mvcka e1f1sunr11"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-header-actions css-18jz25a e1f1sunr10"></div></div></div></div></section></header><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-k008qs et2g3wt0"><div class="standard-container content-container article-container css-1q1kaac et2g3wt3"><div class="content-lead css-1f8o566 et2g3wt5"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-lead-image css-sm2oir e17huqc62"><div class="css-96439d e17huqc61"><picture class="css-1oxikel e1i0vlu30"><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?resize=1200:*" media="(min-width: 73.75rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?resize=1024:*" media="(min-width: 64rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:*" media="(min-width: 48rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" media="(max-width: 48rem)"/><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/andrew-carnegie-gettyimages-640453979.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" alt="andrew carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie" width="500" height="500" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" sizes="100vw"/></picture></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-7"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image" class="css-wgijip e1g9hcy40"><span data-theme-key="photo-credit-creditor" class="css-wuot6e e1geg53v2">Photo: Library of Congress/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images</span><span class="css-1tkmd1w e1geg53v0">//</span><span class="css-wuot6e e1geg53v1">Getty Images</span></figcaption></section></div></div><div data-journey-body="standard-article" class="article-body-content article-body standard-body-content css-4oaay7 et2g3wt6"><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="0" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">(1835-1919)</p><h2 data-node-id="1" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Who Was Andrew Carnegie?</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="2" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">After moving to the United States from Scotland, Andrew Carnegie worked a series of railroad jobs. By 1889, he owned Carnegie Steel Corporation, the largest of its kind in the world. In 1901 he sold his business and dedicated his time to expanding his philanthropic work, including the establishment of Carnegie-Mellon University in 1904.</p><h2 data-node-id="3" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Early Life</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="4" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Although he had little formal education, Carnegie grew up in a family that believed in the importance of books and learning. The son of a handloom weaver, Carnegie grew up to become one of the wealthiest businessmen in America.</p><section data-embed="watch-next" data-lazy-id="P0-8" data-node-id="5" class="embed"></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="6" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">At the age of 13, in 1848, Carnegie came to the United States with his family. They settled in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and Carnegie went to work in a factory, earning $1.20 a week. The next year he found a job as a telegraph messenger. Hoping to advance his career, he moved up to a telegraph operator position in 1851. He then took a job at the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1853. He worked as the assistant and telegrapher to Thomas Scott, one of the railroad's top officials. Through this experience, he learned about the railroad industry and about business in general. Three years later, Carnegie was promoted to superintendent.</p><h2 data-node-id="7" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Steel Tycoon</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="8" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">While working for the railroad, Carnegie began making investments. He made many wise choices and found that his investments, especially those in oil, brought in substantial returns. He left the railroad in 1865 to focus on his other business interests, including the Keystone Bridge Company.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="9" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">By the next decade, most of Carnegie's time was dedicated to the steel industry. His business, which became known as the Carnegie Steel Company, revolutionized steel production in the United States. Carnegie built plants around the country, using technology and methods that made manufacturing steel easier, faster and more productive. For every step of the process, he owned exactly what he needed: the raw materials, ships and railroads for transporting the goods, and even coal fields to fuel the steel furnaces.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="10" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">This start-to-finish strategy helped Carnegie become the dominant force in the industry and an exceedingly wealthy man. It also made him known as one of America's "builders," as his business helped to fuel the economy and shape the nation into what it is today. By 1889, Carnegie Steel Corporation was the largest of its kind in the world.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="11" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Some felt that the company's success came at the expense of its workers. The most notable case of this came in 1892. When the company tried to lower wages at a Carnegie Steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, the employees objected. They refused to work, starting what has been called the Homestead Strike of 1892. The conflict between the workers and local managers turned violent after the managers called in guards to break up the union. While Carnegie was away at the time of strike, many still held him accountable for his managers' actions.</p><h2 data-node-id="12" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Philanthropy</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="13" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">In 1901, Carnegie made a dramatic change in his life. He sold his business to the United States Steel Corporation, started by legendary financier J.P. Morgan. The sale earned him more than $200 million. At the age of 65, Carnegie decided to spend the rest of his days helping others. While he had begun his philanthropic work years earlier by building libraries and making donations, Carnegie expanded his efforts in the early 20th century.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="14" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Carnegie, an avid reader for much of his life, donated approximately $5 million to the New York Public Library so that the library could open several branches in 1901. Devoted to learning, he established the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, which is now known as Carnegie-Mellon University in 1904. The next year, he created the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 1905. With his strong interest to peace, he formed the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in 1910. He made numerous other donations, and it is said that more than 2,800 libraries were opened with his support.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="15" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Besides his business and charitable interests, Carnegie enjoyed traveling and meeting and entertaining leading figures in many fields. He was friends with Matthew Arnold, Mark Twain, William Gladstone, and Theodore Roosevelt. Carnegie also wrote several books and numerous articles. His 1889 article "Wealth" outlined his view that those with great wealth must be socially responsible and use their assets to help others. This was later published as the 1900 book <em>The Gospel of Wealth</em>.</p><h2 data-node-id="16" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60">Death</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="17" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Carnegie died on August 11, 1919, in Lenox, Massachusetts, at the age of 83.</p><h2 data-node-id="18" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60"></h2><h2 data-node-id="19" class="css-1aenskv emevuu60"></h2><hr data-node-id="20" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><h1 data-node-id="21">QUICK FACTS</h1><ul data-node-id="22" class="css-1r2vahp emevuu60"><li>Name: Andrew Carnegie</li><li>Birth Year: 1835</li><li>Birth date: November 25, 1835</li><li>Birth City: Dunfermline, Scotland</li><li>Birth Country: United Kingdom</li><li>Gender: Male</li><li>Best Known For: Andrew Carnegie was a self-made steel tycoon and one of the wealthiest businessmen of the 19th century. He later dedicated his life to philanthropic endeavors.</li><li>Industries</li><ul class="css-1r2vahp emevuu60"><li>Business and Industry</li></ul><li>Astrological Sign: Sagittarius</li><li>Death Year: 1919</li><li>Death date: August 11, 1919</li><li>Death State: Massachusetts</li><li>Death City: Lenox</li><li>Death Country: United States</li></ul><h1 data-node-id="23">Fact Check</h1><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="24" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,<a href="https://www.biography.com/contact-us" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/contact-us" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="contact us" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">contact us</a>!</p><p data-node-id="25" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60"></p><h1 data-node-id="26">CITATION INFORMATION</h1><ul data-node-id="27" class="css-1r2vahp emevuu60"><li>Article Title: Andrew Carnegie Biography</li><li>Author: Biography.com Editors</li><li>Website Name: The Biography.com website</li><li>Url: https://www.biography.com/business-leaders/andrew-carnegie</li><li>Access Date: </li><li>Publisher: A&E; Television Networks</li><li>Last Updated: May 26, 2021</li><li>Original Published Date: April 3, 2014</li></ul><hr data-node-id="28" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><h1 data-node-id="29">QUOTES</h1><ul data-node-id="30" class="css-1r2vahp emevuu60"><li>People who are unable to motivate themselves must be content with mediocrity, no matter how impressive their other talents.</li><li>The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced.</li><li>I cannot tell you how proud I was when I received my first week's own earnings. One dollar and twenty cents made by myself and given to me because I had been of some use in the world!</li><li>I always liked the idea of being my own master, of manufacturing something and giving employment to many men.</li><li>In bestowing charity, the main consideration should be to help those who will help themselves.</li><li>I should as soon leave to my son a curse as the almighty dollar.</li><li>No party is so foolish as to nominate for the presidency a rich man, much less a millionaire. Democracy elects poor men.</li><li>There is always room at the top in every pursuit. Concentrate all your thought and energy upon the performance of your duties. Put all your eggs into one basket and then watch that basket.</li><li>Do not make riches, but usefulness, your first aim.</li><li>I congratulate poor young men upon being born to that ancient and honorable degree which renders it necessary that they should devote themselves to hard work.</li><li>The aim of the millionaire should be, first, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display and extravagances.</li></ul><p data-node-id="31" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60"></p></div></div></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-9"><div data-embed="watch-next" class="css-es6uyf e1a8voem5"><div data-journey-blur="partial" class="css-14vh9p e1a8voem4"><div class="css-1sowyjy e1a8voem3"><h6 class="css-1wso6i7 e1a8voem2"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-0 e1a8voem1">Watch Next</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-16toot1 eagam8p1"></span></h6><h6 class="css-1lj71o0 e1a8voem0"> </h6></div><div class="__resp-container css-1ui7hop e6inl0f0"><div data-position="13" data-dock="false" data-disable-ads="false" data-muted="true" data-sticky="true" data-mobile-controls-on-desktop="false" class="video-player css-guxj2g e1hzgkwu0"><div class="video-player-wrapper"><video playsinline></video></div><div class="css-1d3dqod e7hrar04"><button data-theme-key="video-play-icon-button" aria-label="Play Video" class="css-19szzr8 e7hrar00"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="24" width="24" alt="Play Icon" role="img" title="Play" class="css-ovd4yx e7hrar01"/></button><img alt="preview for Biography Business Leaders Playlist" title="Video player poster image" loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1000" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/tyler-perry-361274-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:0.5625xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/tyler-perry-361274-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:0.5625xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/tyler-perry-361274-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:0.5625xh;center,top&resize=1200:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/tyler-perry-361274-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:0.5625xh;center,top&resize=1200:*" class="e7hrar03 css-g939jb e193vzwj0"/></div></div></div></div></div></section><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-izijhn e1spmc110"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-3612yo e1caqep90">Advertisement - 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