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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Late Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th_and_17th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_and_17th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>16th and 17th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_and_17th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>East Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Republic_of_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Federal Republic of Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Republic_of_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Berlin-Brandenburg_fusion_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berlin-Brandenburg_fusion_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Berlin-Brandenburg fusion attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berlin-Brandenburg_fusion_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protected_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Protected areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Foreign population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brandenburg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 153 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Brandenburg" title="Land Brandenburg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Land Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ብራንደንቡርክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ብራንደንቡርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="براندنبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="براندنبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandemburgo" title="Brandemburgo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Brandemburgo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandemburgu" title="Brandemburgu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brandemburgu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeburgo" title="Brandeburgo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Brandeburgo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_suyu" title="Brandenburg suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Brandenburg suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburq" title="Brandenburq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brandenburq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="براندنبورق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="براندنبورق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="ব্রান্ডেনবুর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রান্ডেনবুর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Брандэнбург – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брандэнбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Брандэнбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брандэнбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandnbuag" title="Brandnbuag – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Brandnbuag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_(estado_pederal)" title="Brandenburg (estado pederal) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Brandenburg (estado pederal)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braniborsko" title="Braniborsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Braniborsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramborska" title="Bramborska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bramborska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF" title="Βρανδεμβούργο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρανδεμβούργο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeb%C3%BBrg" title="Brandebûrg – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Brandebûrg" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeburgo" title="Brandeburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brandeburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgio" title="Brandenburgio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brandenburgio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgo" title="Brandenburgo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brandenburgo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="براندنبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="براندنبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandebourg" title="Brandebourg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brandebourg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburch" title="Brandenburch – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brandenburch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeburgo" title="Brandeburgo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brandeburgo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%80%EB%8D%B4%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A3%BC" title="브란덴부르크주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브란덴부르크주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Բրանդենբուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրանդենբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="ब्रैंडेनबर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रैंडेनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braniborska" title="Braniborska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Braniborska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgia" title="Brandenburgia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Brandenburgia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenborg" title="Brandenborg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brandenborg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeburgo" title="Brandeburgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brandeburgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="ברנדנבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברנדנבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="ბრანდენბურგის მხარე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრანდენბურგის მხარე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenb%C3%B9rgi%C3%B4" title="Brandenbùrgiô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Brandenbùrgiô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgum" title="Brandenburgum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brandenburgum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburga" title="Brandenburga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brandenburga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_(Land)" title="Brandenburg (Land) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Brandenburg (Land)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgas" title="Brandenburgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brandenburgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgo" title="Brandenburgo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Brandenburgo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendeb%C3%B6rg" title="Brendebörg – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Brendebörg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeb%C3%B9rgo" title="Brandebùrgo – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Brandebùrgo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ബ്രാൻഡൻബർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രാൻഡൻബർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="ब्रांडेनबुर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रांडेनबुर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბრანდენბურგიშ აკანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრანდენბურგიშ აკანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="براندنبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="براندنبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="براندنبورگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="براندنبورگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_(deelstaat)" title="Brandenburg (deelstaat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brandenburg (deelstaat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braandenb%C3%B6rg" title="Braandenbörg – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Braandenbörg" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="ब्रान्डेनबर्ग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्रान्डेनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="ブランデンブルク州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブランデンブルク州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenborj" title="Brandenborj – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Brandenborj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenbourg" title="Brandenbourg – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Brandenbourg" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeborg" title="Brandeborg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Brandeborg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਬ੍ਰਾਂਡਨਬੁਰਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਾਂਡਨਬੁਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="برانڈنبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برانڈنبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Brandenburg" title="Land Brandenburg – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Land Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%90%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AB" title="براندېنبورګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="براندېنبورګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeborgh" title="Brandeborgh – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Brandeborgh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannenborg" title="Brannenborg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Brannenborg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgia" title="Brandenburgia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brandenburgia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandemburgo" title="Brandemburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brandemburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeborsch" title="Brandeborsch – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Brandeborsch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeburgu" title="Brandeburgu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Brandeburgu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenbuurich" title="Brandenbuurich – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Brandenbuurich" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburgu" title="Brandenburgu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Brandenburgu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="برانڊن برگ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برانڊن برگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenbursko" title="Brandenbursko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brandenbursko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="براندنبورگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="براندنبورگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeburgo" title="Brandeburgo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Brandeburgo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரண்டென்பேர்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரண்டென்பேர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="รัฐบรันเดินบวร์ค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐบรันเดินบวร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бранденбург – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бранденбург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="براندنبورگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="براندنبورگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandiburgo" title="Brandiburgo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Brandiburgo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand%C3%A4nburg%C3%A4n" title="Brandänburgän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Brandänburgän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%98%AD%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="勃蘭登堡 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="勃蘭登堡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="勃兰登堡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="勃兰登堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="בראנדנבורג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בראנדנבורג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%98%AD%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="勃蘭登堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="勃蘭登堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="勃兰登堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勃兰登堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Brandenburg" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brandenburg&params=52_21_43_N_13_0_29_E_type:city(2520198)_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°21′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°0′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.36194°N 13.00806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.36194; 13.00806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the German state. For the town, see <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Brandenburg (disambiguation)">Brandenburg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">State of Brandenburg</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Land Brandenburg</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span><br /><span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Land Brannenborg</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>)</span><br /><span title="Lower Sorbian-language text"><i lang="dsb">Kraj Bramborska</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of State of Brandenburg"><img alt="Flag of State of Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/120px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/180px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/240px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brandenburg" title="Flag of Brandenburg">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of State of Brandenburg"><img alt="Coat of arms of State of Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/75px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/113px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/150px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brandenburg" title="Coat of arms of Brandenburg">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">"Märkische Heide, märkischer Sand"</span></span> (Unofficial)<br />(English: <span lang="en">"<a href="/wiki/Brandenburglied" title="Brandenburglied">Brandenburglied</a>"</span>)<div style="display:inline-block;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="108" data-mwtitle="Märkische_Heide_(Brandenburglied,_Anthem_of_Brandenburg).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/M%C3%A4rkische_Heide_%28Brandenburglied%2C_Anthem_of_Brandenburg%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/M%C3%A4rkische_Heide_%28Brandenburglied%2C_Anthem_of_Brandenburg%29.ogg/M%C3%A4rkische_Heide_%28Brandenburglied%2C_Anthem_of_Brandenburg%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="300" data-zoom="5" data-lat="51.1" data-lon="10.5" data-overlays="["_655e73dfda7b50c215ebdbec44f9f1bea6f4c319"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/51.1/10.5/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,51.1,10.5,250x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brandenburg&revid=1256666542&groups=_655e73dfda7b50c215ebdbec44f9f1bea6f4c319" width="250" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,51.1,10.5,250x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brandenburg&revid=1256666542&groups=_655e73dfda7b50c215ebdbec44f9f1bea6f4c319 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brandenburg&params=52_21_43_N_13_0_29_E_type:city(2520198)_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°21′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°0′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.36194°N 13.00806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.36194; 13.00806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Landtag of Brandenburg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Minister-President" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister-President">Minister-President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Woidke" title="Dietmar Woidke">Dietmar Woidke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing parties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat votes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 (of 69)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2021_German_federal_election#Brandenburg" title="Results of the 2021 German federal election">25 (of 736)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">29,480.24 km<sup>2</sup> (11,382.38 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2019-09-30)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,520,198</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">85/km<sup>2</sup> (220/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€88.800 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€34,610 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">DE-BB</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">formerly: BP<small> (1945–1947)</small>, SB (1948–1953)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DE4</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.926<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of German states by Human Development Index">14th of 16</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb1.c.330014.de">brandenburg.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brandenburg</b>, officially the <b>State of Brandenburg</b> (see <a href="#Names">Names</a>), is a <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Brandenburg borders <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and the states of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by area">fifth-largest German state by area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by population">tenth-most populous</a>, with 2.5 million residents. <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> is the state capital and largest city. Other major towns are <a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a>. </p><p>Brandenburg surrounds the national capital and city-state of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. Together they form the <a href="/wiki/Berlin/Brandenburg_Metropolitan_Region" title="Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region">Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">metropolitan area in Germany</a>. There was <a href="/wiki/Fusion_of_Berlin_and_Brandenburg#1996_fusion_attempt" title="Fusion of Berlin and Brandenburg">an unsuccessful attempt to unify both states in 1996</a> and the states still cooperate on many matters. </p><p>Brandenburg originated in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a> in the 900s AD, from areas conquered from the <a href="/wiki/Wends" title="Wends">Wends</a>. It later became the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a>, a major principality of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. In the 15th century, it came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a>, which later established <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a>, the core of the later <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. From 1815 to 1947, Brandenburg was a <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_Prussia" title="Abolition of Prussia">abolition of Prussia</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Brandenburg was established as <a href="/wiki/State_of_Brandenburg_(1947%E2%80%931952)" title="State of Brandenburg (1947–1952)">a state</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Military_Administration_in_Germany" title="Soviet Military Administration in Germany">Soviet Military Administration in Germany</a>. In 1952, the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> dissolved the state and broke it up into multiple <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_East_Germany" title="Administrative divisions of East Germany">regional districts</a>. After <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, Brandenburg was re-established in 1990 as one of the five <a href="/wiki/New_states_of_Germany" title="New states of Germany">new states</a> of the Federal Republic. </p><p>Southeastern Brandenburg contains part of the historical <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a>, and most of these localities have two official languages, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a> (of the <a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs/Wends</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brandenburg takes its name from <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a>. The name's origin is unclear but it is thought to derive from the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> <span title="Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="sla">branyi</i></span> ('marshy/boggy')<sup id="cite_ref-Duden-Geo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duden-Geo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frinta_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frinta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> <span title="Germanic languages collective text"><i lang="gem">branda</i></span> ('fire').<sup id="cite_ref-Duden-Geo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duden-Geo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other theories have included <a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a> <span title="West Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="zlw">branný bor</i></span> ('defensive forest')<sup id="cite_ref-Frinta_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frinta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="East Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="zle">brani-bor</i></span> ('pine forest').<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i lang="de"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Burg#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Burg">Burg</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> means 'castle'. In the extinct local language <a href="/wiki/Polabian_language" title="Polabian language">Polabian</a>, Brandenburg was <span title="Polabian-language text"><i lang="pox">Branibor</i></span>. </p><p>In the modern local languages, <i>Brandenburg</i> and the <i>State of Brandenburg</i> are named: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Brandenburg</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9a\/De-Brandenburg.ogg\/De-Brandenburg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Brandenburg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/De-Brandenburg.ogg/De-Brandenburg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Brandenburg.ogg" title="File:De-Brandenburg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) and [Land Brandenburg] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |label= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>: <i lang="nds">Brannenborg</i> and <span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Land Brannenborg</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a>: <i lang="dsb">Bramborska</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sla-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈbrambɔrska]</a></span> and <span title="Lower Sorbian-language text"><i lang="dsb">Kraj Bramborska</i></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">History of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg/75px-Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg/113px-Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg/150px-Arms_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg/75px-Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg/113px-Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg/150px-Arms_of_East_Prussia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a> (965 – 983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutici" title="Lutici">Lutician federation</a> (983 – 12th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Old Prussians</a> (pre – 13th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a> (1157–1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a> (1224 – 1525)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_margraves_and_electors_of_Brandenburg" title="List of margraves and electors of Brandenburg">Elector of Brandenburg</a> (1356 – 1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a> (1525 – 1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbork_Voivodeship" title="Malbork Voivodeship">Malbork Voivodeship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Warmia" title="Prince-Bishopric of Warmia">Prince-Bishopric of Warmia</a> within <a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal (Polish) Prussia</a> (Poland 1454/1466 – 1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a> (1618 – 1701)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> (1701 – 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a> (1918 – 1947)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Present</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzia%C5%82dowo" title="Działdowo">Działdowo</a> area (from 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Klaipėda Region">Klaipėda Region</a> (1920–1939, from 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmia" title="Warmia">Warmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masuria" title="Masuria">Masuria</a> within <a href="/wiki/Recovered_Territories" title="Recovered Territories">Recovered Territories</a> (from 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a> (from 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandenburg</a> (1947–1952, from 1990)</li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>In late medieval and early modern times, Brandenburg was, with varying borders, one of seven <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">electoral states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, and, along with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>, formed the original core of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, the first unified German state. Governed by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern dynasty</a> from 1415, it contained the future German capital Berlin. After 1618 the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a> were combined to form <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a>, which was ruled by the same branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a>. In 1701 the state was elevated as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. Franconian <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a>, Swabian <a href="/wiki/Burg_Hohenzollern" class="mw-redirect" title="Burg Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a>, the eastern European connections of Berlin, and the status of Brandenburg's ruler as <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">prince-elector</a> together were instrumental in the rise of that state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Middle_Ages">Early Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a></div> <p>Brandenburg is situated in territory known in antiquity as <a href="/wiki/Magna_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna Germania">Magna Germania</a>, which reached to the Vistula river. By the 7th century, <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavic peoples</a> are believed to have settled in the Brandenburg area. The Slavs expanded from the east, possibly driven from their homelands in present-day Ukraine and perhaps Belarus by the invasions of the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a>. They relied heavily on river transport. The two principal Slavic groups in the present-day area of Brandenburg were the <a href="/wiki/Hevelli" title="Hevelli">Hevelli</a> in the west and the <a href="/wiki/Sprevane" title="Sprevane">Sprevane</a> in the east. </p><p>Beginning in the early 10th century, <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry the Fowler</a> and his successors conquered territory up to the <a href="/wiki/Oder_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder River">Oder River</a>. Slavic settlements such as Brenna<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a>), Budusin<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Bautzen" title="Bautzen">Bautzen</a>), and Chośebuz<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a>) came under <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">imperial</a> control through the installation of margraves. Their main function was to defend and protect the eastern <a href="/wiki/Marches" class="mw-redirect" title="Marches">marches</a>. In 948 Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> established margraves to exert imperial control over the pagan Slavs west of the Oder River. Otto founded the Bishoprics of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Brandenburg" title="Diocese of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Havelberg" title="Bishopric of Havelberg">Havelberg</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a> was founded as a northeastern border territory of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. However, a great uprising of <a href="/wiki/Wends" title="Wends">Wends</a> drove imperial forces from the territory of present-day Brandenburg in 983. The region returned to the control of Slavic leaders. The eastern parts of current Brandenburg, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Lubusz_Land" title="Lubusz Land">Lubusz Land</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a>, became part of Poland in the 10th-11th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Middle_Ages">Late Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Late Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bad_Belzig_asv2022-07_img13_Burg_Eisenhardt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bad_Belzig_asv2022-07_img13_Burg_Eisenhardt.jpg/220px-Bad_Belzig_asv2022-07_img13_Burg_Eisenhardt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bad_Belzig_asv2022-07_img13_Burg_Eisenhardt.jpg/330px-Bad_Belzig_asv2022-07_img13_Burg_Eisenhardt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bad_Belzig_asv2022-07_img13_Burg_Eisenhardt.jpg/440px-Bad_Belzig_asv2022-07_img13_Burg_Eisenhardt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6993" data-file-height="4662" /></a><figcaption>Eisenhardt Castle in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Belzig" title="Bad Belzig">Bad Belzig</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 12th century, the Slavic <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Kopanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Kopanica">Duchy of Kopanica</a> was established in the central part of present-day Brandenburg, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Lubusz_Land" title="Lubusz Land">Lubusz Land</a> in the east remained part of medieval Poland. During the 12th century, the German kings and emperors re-established control over the Slav-inhabited lands of present-day Brandenburg, excluding Polish-controlled Lubusz Land, although some Slavs like the <a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lusatia" title="Lusatia">Lusatia</a> adapted to <a href="/wiki/Germanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanization">Germanization</a> while retaining their distinctiveness. The Roman Catholic Church brought <a href="/wiki/Bishoprics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishoprics">bishoprics</a> which, with their walled towns, afforded protection from attacks for the townspeople. With the monks and bishops, the history of the town of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg (town)">Brandenburg an der Havel</a>, which was the first center of the state of Brandenburg, began. </p><p>In 1134, in the wake of a German <a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Crusade">crusade</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Wends" title="Wends">Wends</a>, the German magnate, <a href="/wiki/Albert_the_Bear" title="Albert the Bear">Albert the Bear</a>, was granted the <a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a> by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothar III</a>. He formally inherited the town of Brandenburg and the lands of the Hevelli from their last Wendish ruler, <a href="/wiki/Pribislav_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pribislav of Brandenburg">Pribislav</a>, in 1150. After crushing a force of Sprevane who occupied the town of Brandenburg in the 1150s, Albert proclaimed himself ruler of the new <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a>. Albert, and his descendants the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Ascania" title="House of Ascania">Ascanians</a>, then made considerable progress in conquering, colonizing, Christianizing, and cultivating lands as far east as the Oder. Within this region, Slavic and German residents intermarried. During the 13th century, the Ascanians began acquiring and seizing territory around and east of the Oder from Poland (<a href="/wiki/Lubusz_Land" title="Lubusz Land">Lubusz Land</a> and north-western <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Greater_Poland" title="Duchy of Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a>), later known as the <a href="/wiki/Neumark" title="Neumark">Neumark</a>, in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Altmark" title="Altmark">Altmark</a>, the cradle of the March of Brandenburg. </p><p>In 1320, the Brandenburg Ascanian line came to an end, and from 1323 up until 1415 Brandenburg was under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach">Wittelsbachs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Luxembourg" title="House of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> Dynasties. Under the Luxembourgs, the <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Brandenburg">Margrave of Brandenburg</a> gained the status of a <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">prince-elector</a> of the Holy Roman Empire. In the period 1373–1415, Brandenburg was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown" title="Lands of the Bohemian Crown">Bohemian Crown</a>. In 1415, the Electorate of Brandenburg was granted by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a>, which would rule until the end of World War I. The Hohenzollerns established their capital in Berlin, by then the economic center of Brandenburg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_and_17th_centuries">16th and 17th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 16th and 17th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlacht_bei_Fehrbellin2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Schlacht_bei_Fehrbellin2.JPG/220px-Schlacht_bei_Fehrbellin2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Schlacht_bei_Fehrbellin2.JPG/330px-Schlacht_bei_Fehrbellin2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Schlacht_bei_Fehrbellin2.JPG/440px-Schlacht_bei_Fehrbellin2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Brandenburg's victory over Swedish forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fehrbellin" title="Battle of Fehrbellin">Battle of Fehrbellin</a> in 1675</figcaption></figure> <p>Brandenburg converted to Protestantism in 1539 in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, and generally did quite well in the 16th century, with the expansion of trade along the Elbe, Havel, and Spree rivers. The Hohenzollerns expanded their territory by co-rulership since 1577 and acquiring the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a> in 1618, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Duchy of Cleves</a> (1614) in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, and territories in <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>. The result was a sprawling, disconnected country known as <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a> that was in poor shape to defend itself during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. </p><p>Beginning near the end of that devastating conflict, however, Brandenburg enjoyed a string of talented rulers who expanded their territory and power in Europe. The first of these was <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg">Frederick William</a>, the so-called "Great Elector", who worked tirelessly to rebuild and consolidate the nation. He moved the royal residence to <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a>, his envoy <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Friedrich_von_Blumenthal" title="Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal">Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal</a> negotiated the acquisition of several important territories such as <a href="/wiki/Halberstadt" title="Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Oliva" title="Treaty of Oliva">Treaty of Oliva</a> Christoph Caspar <a href="/wiki/Von_Blumenthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Blumenthal">von Blumenthal</a> (son of the above) negotiated the incorporation of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a> into the Hohenzollern inheritance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Prussia_and_German_Empire">Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Province of Brandenburg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg/220px-P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg/330px-P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg/440px-P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci" title="Sanssouci">Sanssouci Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, the former summer palace of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a>, is today a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>When Frederick William died in 1688, he was followed by his son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick I of Prussia">Frederick</a>, third of that name in Brandenburg. As the lands that had been acquired in Prussia were outside the boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick assumed (as Frederick I) the title of "<a href="/wiki/King_in_Prussia" title="King in Prussia">King in Prussia</a>" (1701). Although his self-promotion from margrave to king relied on his title to the Duchy of Prussia, Brandenburg was still the most important portion of the kingdom. However, this combined state is known as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandenburg_superimposed_on_modern_borders.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Brandenburg_superimposed_on_modern_borders.svg/200px-Brandenburg_superimposed_on_modern_borders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Brandenburg_superimposed_on_modern_borders.svg/300px-Brandenburg_superimposed_on_modern_borders.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Brandenburg_superimposed_on_modern_borders.svg/400px-Brandenburg_superimposed_on_modern_borders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Province of Brandenburg</a>, as superimposed on modern borders</figcaption></figure> <p>Brandenburg remained the core of the Kingdom of Prussia, and it was the site of the kingdom's capitals, Berlin and Potsdam. When Prussia was subdivided into provinces in 1815, the territory of the Margraviate of Brandenburg became the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Province of Brandenburg</a>, again subdivided into the <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Frankfurt" title="Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt">government region of Frankfurt</a> and Potsdam. It also included <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a>, previously ruled at various times by Poland, <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemian Crown">Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a>. In 1881, the City of Berlin was separated from the Province of Brandenburg.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, industrial towns ringing Berlin lay within Brandenburg, and the growth of the region's industrial economy brought an increase in the population of the province. The Province of Brandenburg had an area of 39,039 km<sup>2</sup> (15,073 sq mi) and a population of 2.6 million (1925). </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi government">Nazi government</a> and during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, repressions of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a>, especially autochthones in the eastern part of the province, intensified with <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Poles_by_Germany" title="Expulsion of Poles by Germany">expulsions of Poles</a>, censorship of Polish newspapers, invigilation, arrests and <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassinations</a> of Polish leaders, activists, teachers, entrepreneurs, editors, etc., deportations to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a> and closure of Polish organizations, enterprises, schools and libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen concentration camp</a> with a network of <a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Sachsenhausen" title="List of subcamps of Sachsenhausen">subcamps</a> was located in Brandenburg, and several <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camps</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Stalag_III-A" title="Stalag III-A">Stalag III-A</a>, Stalag III-B, <a href="/wiki/Stalag_III-C" title="Stalag III-C">Stalag III-C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalag_III-D" title="Stalag III-D">Stalag III-D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oflag_II-A" title="Oflag II-A">Oflag II-A</a>, Oflag III-A, Oflag III-B, <a href="/wiki/Oflag_III-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Oflag III-C">Oflag III-C</a>, Oflag 8 and Oflag 80 for Polish, Belgian, British, Dutch, <a href="/wiki/French_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="French prisoners of war in World War II">French</a>, Serbian, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Military_Internees" title="Italian Military Internees">Italian</a>, American, Czechoslovak, Soviet, Romanian, Greek, Bulgarian and other <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> POWs with numerous <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> subcamps.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Death_marches_during_the_Holocaust" title="Death marches during the Holocaust">death marches</a> of prisoners of various nationalities from various dissolved camps passed through the region.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the final stages of the war, it was the place of heavy fights, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Seelow_Heights" title="Battle of the Seelow Heights">Battle of the Seelow Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a>, won by the Allied Soviet and Polish armies. After Germany's defeat, the part of Brandenburg east of the <a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Oder–Neisse line</a>, which formed part of Poland in the Middle Ages and partly also in the early modern period, became again part of Poland. The entire population of former East Brandenburg was <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II">expelled en masse</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a>. The remainder of the province became a state in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation zone">Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany</a> when Prussia was dissolved in 1947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Germany">East Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: East Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glienicke_Bridge_GB23840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Glienicke_Bridge_GB23840.jpg/220px-Glienicke_Bridge_GB23840.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Glienicke_Bridge_GB23840.jpg/330px-Glienicke_Bridge_GB23840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Glienicke_Bridge_GB23840.jpg/440px-Glienicke_Bridge_GB23840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glienicke_Bridge" title="Glienicke Bridge">Glienicke Bridge</a>, which connected East Germany to the American sector of West Berlin, became known for the exchange of captured spies.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the foundation of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> in 1949, Brandenburg formed one of its component states. The State of Brandenburg was completely dissolved in 1952 by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_GDR" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of the GDR">Socialist government of East Germany</a>, doing away with all component states. The East German government then divided Brandenburg among several <i>Bezirke</i> or districts. (See <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_the_German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of the German Democratic Republic">Administrative division of the German Democratic Republic</a>). Most of Brandenburg lay within the <a href="/wiki/Cottbus_(Bezirk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottbus (Bezirk)">Bezirke of Cottbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Bezirk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (Bezirk)">Frankfurt</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_(Bezirk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam (Bezirk)">Potsdam</a>, but parts of the former province passed to the <a href="/wiki/Schwerin_(Bezirk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwerin (Bezirk)">Schwerin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neubrandenburg_(Bezirk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neubrandenburg (Bezirk)">Neubrandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_(Bezirk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdeburg (Bezirk)">Magdeburg districts</a> (town <a href="/wiki/Havelberg" title="Havelberg">Havelberg</a>). East Germany relied heavily on <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a> (the lowest grade of coal) as an energy source, and lignite strip mines marred areas of south-eastern Brandenburg. The industrial towns surrounding Berlin were important to the East German economy, while rural Brandenburg remained mainly agricultural. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Republic_of_Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Federal Republic of Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present State of Brandenburg was re-established on 3 October 1990 upon <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly elected Landtag of Brandenburg first met on 26 October 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in other former parts of East Germany, the lack of modern infrastructure and exposure to West Germany's competitive market economy brought widespread unemployment and economic difficulty. In the recent years, however, Brandenburg's infrastructure has been modernized and unemployment has slowly declined. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Berlin-Brandenburg_fusion_attempt">Berlin-Brandenburg fusion attempt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Berlin-Brandenburg fusion attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fusion_of_Berlin_and_Brandenburg" title="Fusion of Berlin and Brandenburg">Fusion of Berlin and Brandenburg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg/170px-DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg/255px-DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg/340px-DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>The coat of arms proposed in the interstate treaty</figcaption></figure> <p>The legal basis for a combined state of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and Brandenburg is different from other state fusion proposals. Normally, Article 29 of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law</a> stipulates that states may only merge after a specific federal Act of Parliament is enacted.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a clause added to the Basic Law in 1994, Article 118a, allows Berlin and Brandenburg to unify without federal approval, requiring a referendum and a ratification by both state parliaments.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, an attempt of unifying the states of Berlin and Brandenburg was rejected at referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-berlingeschichte_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berlingeschichte-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both share a common history, dialect and culture and in 2020, over 225,000 residents of Brandenburg commute to Berlin. The fusion had the near-unanimous support by a broad coalition of both state governments, political parties, media, business associations, trade unions and churches.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Berlin voted in favor by a small margin, largely based on support in former <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a>, Brandenburg voters disapproved of the fusion by a large margin.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It failed largely due to Brandenburg voters not wanting to take on Berlin's large and growing public debt and fearing losing identity and influence to the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-berlingeschichte_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berlingeschichte-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Berlin/Brandenburg_Metropolitan_Region" title="Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region">Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Brandenburg_by_population" title="List of cities in Brandenburg by population">List of cities in Brandenburg by population</a></div> <p>Brandenburg is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> in the north, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> in the east, the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Saxony" class="mw-redirect" title="Free State of Saxony">Freistaat Sachsen</a> in the south, <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> in the west, and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> in the northwest. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oder_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder river">Oder river</a> forms a part of the eastern border, the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe river</a> a portion of the western border. The main rivers in the state itself are the <a href="/wiki/Spree_(river)" title="Spree (river)">Spree</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Havel" title="Havel">Havel</a>. In the southeast, there is a wetlands region called the <a href="/wiki/Spreewald" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreewald">Spreewald</a>; it is the northernmost part of <a href="/wiki/Lusatia" title="Lusatia">Lusatia</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mathiasberg" title="Mathiasberg">Mathiasberg</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brandenburg is known for its well-preserved natural environment and its ambitious natural protection policies which began in the 1990s. 15 large protected areas were designated following <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Germany's reunification</a>. Each of them is provided with state-financed administration and a park ranger staff, who guide visitors and work to ensure nature conservation. Most protected areas have visitor centers. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tree-top_walk_Beelitz-Heilst%C3%A4tten" title="Tree-top walk Beelitz-Heilstätten">Tree-top walk Beelitz-Heilstätten</a></div> <p><b>National parks</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Oder_Valley_National_Park" title="Lower Oder Valley National Park">Lower Oder Valley National Park</a> (106 km<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> <p><b>Biosphere reserves</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spreewald_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Spreewald_4.jpg/220px-Spreewald_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Spreewald_4.jpg/330px-Spreewald_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Spreewald_4.jpg/440px-Spreewald_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Spreewald" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreewald">Spreewald</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere reserve">biosphere reserve</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spreewald" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreewald">Spreewald</a> Biosphere Reserve (474 km<sup>2</sup> or 183 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schorfheide-Chorin_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve">Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve</a> (1,291 km<sup>2</sup> or 498.46 sq mi)</li> <li>River Landscape Elbe-Brandenburg Biosphere Reserve (533 km<sup>2</sup> or 206 sq mi)</li></ul> <p><b>Nature parks</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnim_Nature_Park" title="Barnim Nature Park">Barnim Nature Park</a> (750 km<sup>2</sup> or 290 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahme-Heideseen_Nature_Park" title="Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park">Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park</a> (594 km<sup>2</sup> or 229 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Fl%C3%A4ming_Nature_Park" title="High Fläming Nature Park">High Fläming Nature Park</a> (827 km<sup>2</sup> or 319 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkische_Schweiz_Nature_Park" title="Märkische Schweiz Nature Park">Märkische Schweiz Nature Park</a> (204 km<sup>2</sup> or 79 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederlausitzer_Heidelandschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft">Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft</a> Nature Park (490 km<sup>2</sup> or 189 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederlausitzer_Landr%C3%BCcken_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederlausitzer Landrücken Nature Park">Niederlausitzer Landrücken Nature Park</a> (580 km<sup>2</sup> or 224 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuthe-Nieplitz_Nature_Park" title="Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park">Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park</a> (623 km<sup>2</sup> or 241 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlaube_Valley_Nature_Parke" class="mw-redirect" title="Schlaube Valley Nature Parke">Schlaube Valley Nature Parke</a> (225 km<sup>2</sup> or 87 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uckermark_Lakes_Nature_Park" title="Uckermark Lakes Nature Park">Uckermark Lakes Nature Park</a> (895 km<sup>2</sup> or 346 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhavelland_Nature_Park" title="Westhavelland Nature Park">Westhavelland Nature Park</a> (1,315 km<sup>2</sup> or 507.72 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stechlin-Ruppiner_Land_Nature_Park" title="Stechlin-Ruppiner Land Nature Park">Stechlin-Ruppiner Land Nature Park</a> (1,080 km<sup>2</sup> or 416.99 sq mi)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Brandenburg has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by population density">second lowest population density</a> among the German states, after Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolregion_Berlin-Brandenburg_Einwohnerdichte.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Metropolregion_Berlin-Brandenburg_Einwohnerdichte.svg/220px-Metropolregion_Berlin-Brandenburg_Einwohnerdichte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Metropolregion_Berlin-Brandenburg_Einwohnerdichte.svg/330px-Metropolregion_Berlin-Brandenburg_Einwohnerdichte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Metropolregion_Berlin-Brandenburg_Einwohnerdichte.svg/440px-Metropolregion_Berlin-Brandenburg_Einwohnerdichte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>Population density in Berlin-Brandenburg in 2015</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Land_Brandenburg.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Land_Brandenburg.pdf/page1-220px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Land_Brandenburg.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Land_Brandenburg.pdf/page1-330px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Land_Brandenburg.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Land_Brandenburg.pdf/page1-440px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Land_Brandenburg.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>Development of Brandenburg's population from 1875 within current borders</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Land Brandenburg: Population development <br />within the current boundaries (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1875 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,444,441</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1890 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,578,138</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1910 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,879,375</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1925 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,048,866</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,433,881</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,746,002</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1964 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,620,071</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.6%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,667,096</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,667,052</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,602,404</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,589,504</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,455,780</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,534,075</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.2%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Brandenburg – 2011</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:SlateGray; width:79.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">79.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Registered <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">EKD Protestants</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:17.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">17.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Registered <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholics</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:3.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>17.1% of the Brandenburgers are registered members of the local, regional <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant church</a> (mostly the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Berlin,_Brandenburg_and_Silesian_Upper_Lusatia" title="Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia">Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia</a>), while 3.1% are registered with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> (mostly the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Berlin" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin">Archdiocese of Berlin</a>, and a minority in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Görlitz">Diocese of Görlitz</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Jahrbuch_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jahrbuch-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority (79.8%)<sup id="cite_ref-Jahrbuch_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jahrbuch-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Brandenburgers, whether of Christian or other beliefs, choose not to register with the government as members of these churches, and therefore do not pay the <a href="/wiki/Church_tax" title="Church tax">church tax</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_population">Foreign population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Foreign population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Significant foreign citizens populations<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (31.12.2023) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>35,685 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>29,460 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>22,320 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>12,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>12,070 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>8,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>6,420 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>4,215 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>3,815 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>3,695 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Brandenburg">List of rulers of Brandenburg</a></div> <p>Politically, Brandenburg is a stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a>, which won the largest share of the vote and seats in every state election. All three <a href="/wiki/List_of_Minister-Presidents_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Minister-Presidents of Brandenburg">Minister-Presidents of Brandenburg</a> have come from the Social Democratic Party (unlike any other state except <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a>) and they even won an absolute majority of seats and every single-member constituency in the <a href="/wiki/1994_Brandenburg_state_election" title="1994 Brandenburg state election">1994 state election</a>. </p><p>On a federal level, the Social Democratic Party has also been the strongest party in most <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany#German_elections_since_1949" title="Elections in Germany">federal elections</a>, their strongholds being the <a href="/wiki/Prignitz_%E2%80%93_Ostprignitz-Ruppin_%E2%80%93_Havelland_I" title="Prignitz – Ostprignitz-Ruppin – Havelland I">northwestern part of the state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_%E2%80%93_Potsdam-Mittelmark_II_%E2%80%93_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming_II" title="Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II">Potsdam and its surrounding areas</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> won the most votes in <a href="/wiki/1990_German_federal_election" title="1990 German federal election">1990</a>, their <a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013 landslide</a> and in <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017</a>. In <a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> won the most votes in a year where, like in 2017, the Social Democratic collapsed. Prominent politicians from Brandenburg include Social Democrats <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a>, who served in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> for Brandenburg before being elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a>, and likely <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a>, who sits in the Bundestag for <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_%E2%80%93_Potsdam-Mittelmark_II_%E2%80%93_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming_II" title="Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II">Potsdam</a>. </p><p>Like in all other <a href="/wiki/New_states_of_Germany" title="New states of Germany">New states of Germany</a>, the populist parties <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> and, more recently, the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> are especially strong in Brandenburg. </p><p>Brandenburg has 4 out of 69 votes in the <a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Bundesrat</a> and, as of 2021, 25 seats out of 736 in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brandenburg is divided into 14 rural districts (<i>Landkreise</i>) and four urban districts (<i>kreisfreie Städte</i>), shown with their population in 2011:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandenburg,_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Brandenburg%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored.svg/400px-Brandenburg%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Brandenburg%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored.svg/600px-Brandenburg%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Brandenburg%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored.svg/800px-Brandenburg%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>Administrative divisions of Brandenburg</figcaption></figure> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Landkreis_Barnim.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wappen_Landkreis_Barnim.svg/20px-Wappen_Landkreis_Barnim.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wappen_Landkreis_Barnim.svg/30px-Wappen_Landkreis_Barnim.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wappen_Landkreis_Barnim.svg/40px-Wappen_Landkreis_Barnim.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="2776" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Barnim" title="Barnim">Barnim</a> </td> <td align="right">176,953 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Landkreis_Dahme-Spreewald.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Wappen_Landkreis_Dahme-Spreewald.svg/20px-Wappen_Landkreis_Dahme-Spreewald.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Wappen_Landkreis_Dahme-Spreewald.svg/30px-Wappen_Landkreis_Dahme-Spreewald.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Wappen_Landkreis_Dahme-Spreewald.svg/40px-Wappen_Landkreis_Dahme-Spreewald.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="598" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dahme-Spreewald" title="Dahme-Spreewald">Dahme-Spreewald</a> </td> <td align="right">161,556 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_des_Landkreises_Elbe-Elster.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Elbe-Elster.svg/20px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Elbe-Elster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Elbe-Elster.svg/30px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Elbe-Elster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Elbe-Elster.svg/40px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Elbe-Elster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="571" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Elbe-Elster" title="Elbe-Elster">Elbe-Elster</a> </td> <td align="right">110,291 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Havelland_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/DEU_Havelland_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Havelland_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/DEU_Havelland_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Havelland_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/DEU_Havelland_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Havelland_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="599" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Havelland_(district)" title="Havelland (district)">Havelland</a> </td> <td align="right">155,226 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Maerkisch-Oderland_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DEU_Maerkisch-Oderland_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Maerkisch-Oderland_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DEU_Maerkisch-Oderland_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Maerkisch-Oderland_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DEU_Maerkisch-Oderland_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Maerkisch-Oderland_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="603" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkisch-Oderland" title="Märkisch-Oderland">Märkisch-Oderland</a> </td> <td align="right">189,673 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Oberhavel_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DEU_Oberhavel_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Oberhavel_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DEU_Oberhavel_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Oberhavel_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DEU_Oberhavel_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Oberhavel_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="895" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oberhavel" title="Oberhavel">Oberhavel</a> </td> <td align="right">203,508 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg/20px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg/30px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg/40px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oberspreewald-Lausitz" title="Oberspreewald-Lausitz">Oberspreewald-Lausitz</a> </td> <td align="right">120,023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Landkreis_Oder-Spree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Wappen_Landkreis_Oder-Spree.svg/20px-Wappen_Landkreis_Oder-Spree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Wappen_Landkreis_Oder-Spree.svg/30px-Wappen_Landkreis_Oder-Spree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Wappen_Landkreis_Oder-Spree.svg/40px-Wappen_Landkreis_Oder-Spree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oder-Spree" title="Oder-Spree">Oder-Spree</a> </td> <td align="right">182,798 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_des_Landkreises_Ostprignitz-Ruppin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Ostprignitz-Ruppin.svg/20px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Ostprignitz-Ruppin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Ostprignitz-Ruppin.svg/30px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Ostprignitz-Ruppin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Ostprignitz-Ruppin.svg/40px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Ostprignitz-Ruppin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ostprignitz-Ruppin" title="Ostprignitz-Ruppin">Ostprignitz-Ruppin</a> </td> <td align="right">102,108 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Landkreis_Potsdam-Mittelmark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wappen_Landkreis_Potsdam-Mittelmark.png/20px-Wappen_Landkreis_Potsdam-Mittelmark.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wappen_Landkreis_Potsdam-Mittelmark.png/30px-Wappen_Landkreis_Potsdam-Mittelmark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wappen_Landkreis_Potsdam-Mittelmark.png/40px-Wappen_Landkreis_Potsdam-Mittelmark.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Potsdam-Mittelmark" title="Potsdam-Mittelmark">Potsdam-Mittelmark</a> </td> <td align="right">205,678 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_des_Landkreises_Prignitz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Prignitz.svg/20px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Prignitz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Prignitz.svg/30px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Prignitz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Prignitz.svg/40px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Prignitz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Prignitz" title="Prignitz">Prignitz</a> </td> <td align="right">80,872 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Landkreis_Spree-Neisse_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/DEU_Landkreis_Spree-Neisse_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Landkreis_Spree-Neisse_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/DEU_Landkreis_Spree-Neisse_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Landkreis_Spree-Neisse_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/DEU_Landkreis_Spree-Neisse_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Landkreis_Spree-Neisse_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spree-Nei%C3%9Fe" title="Spree-Neiße">Spree-Neiße</a> </td> <td align="right">124,662 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_des_Landkreises_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming.svg/20px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming.svg/30px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming.svg/40px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="634" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming" title="Teltow-Fläming">Teltow-Fläming</a> </td> <td align="right">161,546 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Landkreis_Uckermark_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/DEU_Landkreis_Uckermark_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Landkreis_Uckermark_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/DEU_Landkreis_Uckermark_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Landkreis_Uckermark_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/DEU_Landkreis_Uckermark_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Landkreis_Uckermark_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1131" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Uckermark_(district)" title="Uckermark (district)">Uckermark</a> </td> <td align="right">128,174 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DEU_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DEU_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DEU_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="2476" /></a></span> Stadt <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a> </td> <td align="right">71,534 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Cottbus_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/DEU_Cottbus_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Cottbus_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/DEU_Cottbus_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Cottbus_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/DEU_Cottbus_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Cottbus_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="538" /></a></span> Stadt <a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a> </td> <td align="right">102,129 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Frankfurt_(Oder)_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/DEU_Frankfurt_%28Oder%29_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Frankfurt_%28Oder%29_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/DEU_Frankfurt_%28Oder%29_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Frankfurt_%28Oder%29_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/DEU_Frankfurt_%28Oder%29_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Frankfurt_%28Oder%29_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="842" /></a></span> Stadt <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a> </td> <td align="right">60,002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg/20px-DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg/40px-DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="749" /></a></span> Stadt <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> </td> <td align="right">158,902 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2019_Brandenburg_state_election" title="2019 Brandenburg state election">2019 Brandenburg state election</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_minister-presidents_of_Brandenburg" title="List of minister-presidents of Brandenburg">List of minister-presidents of Brandenburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Landtag of Brandenburg</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Land_Brandenburg_Commissioner_for_the_Study_of_the_Repercussions_of_the_Communist_Dictatorship" title="Land Brandenburg Commissioner for the Study of the Repercussions of the Communist Dictatorship">Land Brandenburg Commissioner for the Study of the Repercussions of the Communist Dictatorship</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Stadtschloss_07-2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Potsdam_Stadtschloss_07-2017.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Stadtschloss_07-2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Potsdam_Stadtschloss_07-2017.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Stadtschloss_07-2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Potsdam_Stadtschloss_07-2017.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Stadtschloss_07-2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5118" data-file-height="2879" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Brandenburg parliament</a> building (Landtag) in Potsdam, the seat of the parliament is the reconstructed <a href="/wiki/City_Palace,_Potsdam" title="City Palace, Potsdam">Potsdam City Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dietmar_Woidke_M-0212_36139_Ausschnitt_Color_Hoffotografen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dietmar_Woidke_M-0212_36139_Ausschnitt_Color_Hoffotografen.jpg/220px-Dietmar_Woidke_M-0212_36139_Ausschnitt_Color_Hoffotografen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dietmar_Woidke_M-0212_36139_Ausschnitt_Color_Hoffotografen.jpg/330px-Dietmar_Woidke_M-0212_36139_Ausschnitt_Color_Hoffotografen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Dietmar_Woidke_M-0212_36139_Ausschnitt_Color_Hoffotografen.jpg/440px-Dietmar_Woidke_M-0212_36139_Ausschnitt_Color_Hoffotografen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Dietmar Woidke, current Minister-President of Brandenburg</figcaption></figure> <p>The most recent election took place on 1 September 2019. A coalition government was formed by the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democrats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> led by incumbent Minister-President <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Woidke" title="Dietmar Woidke">Dietmar Woidke</a> (SPD), replacing the previous coalition between the Social Democrats and <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next ordinary state election will likely occur in autumn 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="9" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LandtagBrandenburg19.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LandtagBrandenburg19.svg/350px-LandtagBrandenburg19.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LandtagBrandenburg19.svg/525px-LandtagBrandenburg19.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LandtagBrandenburg19.svg/700px-LandtagBrandenburg19.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats % </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td align="right">331,238 </td> <td align="right">26.2 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>5.7 </td> <td align="right">25 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>5 </td> <td align="right">28.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td align="right">297,484 </td> <td align="right">23.5 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>11.3 </td> <td align="right">23 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>12 </td> <td align="right">26.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td align="right">196,988 </td> <td align="right">15.6 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7.4 </td> <td align="right">15 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>6 </td> <td align="right">17.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td align="right">136,364 </td> <td align="right">10.8 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>4.6 </td> <td align="right">10 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>4 </td> <td align="right">11.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (Linke) </td> <td align="right">135,558 </td> <td align="right">10.7 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7.9 </td> <td align="right">10 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7 </td> <td align="right">11.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F28900"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_United_Civic_Movements/Free_Voters" title="Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters">Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters</a> (BVB/FW) </td> <td align="right">63,851 </td> <td align="right">5.05 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.3 </td> <td align="right">5 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2 </td> <td align="right">5.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"> </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td align="right">51,660 </td> <td align="right">4.1 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.6 </td> <td align="right">0 </td> <td align="right">±0 </td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00545F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">Human Environment Animal Protection Party</a> </td> <td align="right">32,959 </td> <td align="right">2.6 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.6 </td> <td align="right">0 </td> <td align="right">±0 </td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> (Piraten) </td> <td align="right">8,712 </td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>0.8 </td> <td align="right">0 </td> <td align="right">±0 </td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDBB"> </td> <td align="left">Others </td> <td align="right">10,292 </td> <td align="right">0.8 </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right">0 </td> <td align="right">±0 </td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th align="right" colspan="2">Total </th> <th align="right">1,265,106 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right"> </th> <th align="right">88 </th> <th align="right">±0 </th> <th align="right"> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="right" colspan="2">Voter turnout </th> <th align="right"> </th> <th align="right">61.3 </th> <th align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>13.4 </th> <th align="right"> </th> <th align="right"> </th> <th align="right"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tesla_Gigafactory_4_DJI_20230728123435.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tesla_Gigafactory_4_DJI_20230728123435.JPG/220px-Tesla_Gigafactory_4_DJI_20230728123435.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tesla_Gigafactory_4_DJI_20230728123435.JPG/330px-Tesla_Gigafactory_4_DJI_20230728123435.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tesla_Gigafactory_4_DJI_20230728123435.JPG/440px-Tesla_Gigafactory_4_DJI_20230728123435.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the state was 72.9 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 2.2% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 26,700 euros or 88% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 91% of the EU average. The GDP per capita was the third lowest of all states in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unemployment rate stood at 5.6% in November 2022 and was higher than the German average but lower than the average of Eastern Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2000 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2002 </th> <th>2003 </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unemployment rate in % </td> <td>17.0 </td> <td>17.5 </td> <td>17.5 </td> <td>18.8 </td> <td>18.7 </td> <td>18.2 </td> <td>17.0 </td> <td>14.7 </td> <td>13.0 </td> <td>12.3 </td> <td>11.1 </td> <td>10.7 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td>9.9 </td> <td>9.4 </td> <td>8.7 </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td>7.0 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>5.8 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>5.9 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tesla <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg</a> is located in Brandenburg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg/220px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg/330px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg/440px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6516" data-file-height="4307" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport" title="Berlin Brandenburg Airport">Berlin Brandenburg Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Sch%C3%B6nefeld_Airport" title="Berlin Schönefeld Airport">Berlin Schönefeld Airport</a> (IATA code: SXF) was the largest airport in Brandenburg. It was the second largest <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region and was located 18 km (11 mi) southeast of central <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nefeld" title="Schönefeld">Schönefeld</a>. The airport was a base for <a href="/wiki/Condor_Flugdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Condor Flugdienst">Condor</a>, <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">easyJet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>. In 2016, Schönefeld handled 11,652,922 passengers (an increase of 36.7%). </p><p>Schönefeld's existing infrastructure and terminals were incorporated into the new <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport" title="Berlin Brandenburg Airport">Berlin Brandenburg Airport</a> (BER),<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which opened in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berlin Brandenburg Airport had an initial capacity of 35–40 million passengers a year. Due to increasing air traffic in Berlin and Brandenburg, plans for airport expansions were in the making. </p><p>Berlin Brandenburg Airport receives over sixty combined passenger, charter and cargo airlines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img3.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img3.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img3.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4570" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2016, around 49,000 students were enrolled in Brandenburg universities and higher education facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest institution is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a>, located southwest of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 the state of Brandenburg adopted an <a href="/wiki/Open_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Access">Open Access</a> strategy calling on universities to develop transformation strategies to make knowledge from Brandenburg freely accessible to all.<sup id="cite_ref-Euler2019_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euler2019-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Universities in Brandenburg:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_University_of_Technology" title="Brandenburg University of Technology">Brandenburg University of Technology</a> in Cottbus and Senftenberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Viadrina" title="European University Viadrina">European University Viadrina</a> in Frankfurt (Oder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wolf_Film_University_of_Babelsberg" title="Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg">Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg</a></li> <li>Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane</li> <li>Medizinische Universität Lausitz – Carl Thiem</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Concertos" title="Brandenburg Concertos">Brandenburg Concertos</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> (original title: <i>Six Concerts à plusieurs instruments</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-bga_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bga-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a collection of six instrumental works presented by Bach to <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ludwig_of_Brandenburg-Schwedt" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt">Christian Ludwig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Margrave</a> of Brandenburg-<a href="/wiki/Schwedt" title="Schwedt">Schwedt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1721 (though probably composed earlier). They are widely regarded as among the finest musical compositions of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque era</a> and are among the composer's best known works. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_cuisine" title="Brandenburg cuisine">Brandenburg cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spreewaldgurke2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spreewaldgurke2.jpg/220px-Spreewaldgurke2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spreewaldgurke2.jpg/330px-Spreewaldgurke2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spreewaldgurke2.jpg/440px-Spreewaldgurke2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="2228" /></a><figcaption>Spreewald gherkins</figcaption></figure> <p>A famous speciality food from Brandenburg are the <a href="/wiki/Spreewald_gherkins" title="Spreewald gherkins">Spreewald gherkins</a>. The wet soil of the <a href="/wiki/Spreewald" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreewald">Spreewald</a> makes the region ideal for growing cucumbers. Spreewald gherkins are protected by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Protected_Geographical_Indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Geographical Indication">Protected Geographical Indication</a> (PGI). They are one of the biggest exports of Brandenburg.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a> (1767–1835), philosopher, linguist, diplomat, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a> (1777–1811), poet, dramatist, and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Schinkel" title="Karl Friedrich Schinkel">Karl Friedrich Schinkel</a> (1781–1841), architect, city planner, and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Joseph_Lenn%C3%A9" title="Peter Joseph Lenné">Peter Joseph Lenné</a> (1789–1866), gardener and landscape architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fontane" title="Theodor Fontane">Theodor Fontane</a> (1819–1898), novelist and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Pieck" title="Wilhelm Pieck">Wilhelm Pieck</a> (1876–1960), politician, first President of the German Democratic Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Demmler" title="Kurt Demmler">Kurt Demmler</a> (1943–2009), songwriter; accused of sexual abuse he hanged himself in his jail cell.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Joop" title="Wolfgang Joop">Wolfgang Joop</a> (born 1944), fashion designer, founder of <a href="/wiki/JOOP!" title="JOOP!">JOOP!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Platzeck" title="Matthias Platzeck">Matthias Platzeck</a> (born 1953), politician, Minister President of Brandenburg from 2002 to 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Maske" title="Henry Maske">Henry Maske</a> (born 1964), professional boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Dyk" title="Paul van Dyk">Paul van Dyk</a> (born 1971), DJ, record producer, and musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britta_Steffen" title="Britta Steffen">Britta Steffen</a> (born 1983), competitive swimmer, former Olympic, World, and European champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harting" title="Robert Harting">Robert Harting</a> (born 1984), discus thrower, former Olympic, World, and European champion</li> <li>Roehl brothers, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Roehl" title="Charles Roehl">Charles (1857–1927)</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Roehl" title="William Roehl">William (1890–1968)</a>, businessmen and pioneers of <a href="/wiki/Washington_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington state">Washington state</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_David_Ortmann" title="Mike David Ortmann">Mike David Ortmann</a> (born 1999), racing driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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title="Portal:Brandenburg">Brandenburg portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Outline of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_countries_in_Europe_after_1815" title="Former countries in Europe after 1815">Former countries in Europe after 1815</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-01-00_2019q03_BB.pdf">"Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstand im Land Brandenburg 3. Quartal 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amt_f%C3%BCr_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg">Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-01-00_2019q03_BB.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung+und+Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstand+im+Land+Brandenburg+3.+Quartal+2019&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2Fpublikationen%2Fstat_berichte%2F2020%2FSB_A01-01-00_2019q03_BB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistikportal.de/de/vgrdl/ergebnisse-laenderebene/bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung">"Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung | Statistikportal.de"</a>. <i>Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder | Gemeinsames Statistikportal</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistische+%C3%84mter+des+Bundes+und+der+L%C3%A4nder+%7C+Gemeinsames+Statistikportal&rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt%2C+Bruttowertsch%C3%B6pfung+%7C+Statistikportal.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistikportal.de%2Fde%2Fvgrdl%2Fergebnisse-laenderebene%2Fbruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BP = Brandenburg Province, SB = Soviet Zone, Brandenburg. With the abolition of states in East Germany in 1952 vehicle registration followed the new Bezirk subdivisions. Since 1991 distinct prefixes are specified for each district.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deutsche-metropolregionen.org/metropolregion/berlin-brandenburg/">"Berlin-Brandenburg | IKM"</a>. 31 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berlin-Brandenburg+%26%23124%3B+IKM&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeutsche-metropolregionen.org%2Fmetropolregion%2Fberlin-brandenburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/themen/das-sorbische-volk">"Das sorbische Volk"</a>. <i>Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brandenburgische+Landeszentrale+f%C3%BCr+politische+Bildung&rft.atitle=Das+sorbische+Volk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de%2Fthemen%2Fdas-sorbische-volk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duden-Geo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duden-Geo_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duden-Geo_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berger, Dieter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/955146836"><i>Geographische Namen in Deutschland</i></a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Duden" title="Duden">Duden</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-411-06252-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-411-06252-2"><bdi>978-3-411-06252-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographische+Namen+in+Deutschland&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Duden&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-411-06252-2&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd-nb.info%2F955146836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frinta-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frinta_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frinta_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrinta1961" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frinta, Antonín (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23463007">"Brandenburg = Branibor?"</a>. <i>Listy filologické / Folia philologica</i> (in Czech, Russian, and German). <b>84</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences">Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences</a>: 44–49. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23463007">23463007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Listy+filologick%C3%A9+%2F+Folia+philologica&rft.atitle=Brandenburg+%3D+Branibor%3F&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-49&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23463007%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Frinta&rft.aufirst=Anton%C3%ADn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23463007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenmohel1860" class="citation book cs1">Benmohel, N.L. (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hYpDAAAAcAAJ"><i>Epea Pteroenta: Conveying Revelations of the Past</i></a>. Dublin: University Press at Trinity College. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781152653214" title="Special:BookSources/9781152653214"><bdi>9781152653214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epea+Pteroenta%3A+Conveying+Revelations+of+the+Past&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=University+Press+at+Trinity+College&rft.date=1860&rft.isbn=9781152653214&rft.aulast=Benmohel&rft.aufirst=N.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhYpDAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarford2001" class="citation book cs1">Barford, Paul M. (2001). <i>The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe</i>. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 421. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-3977-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-3977-9"><bdi>0-8014-3977-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Slavs%3A+Culture+and+Society+in+Early+Medieval+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8014-3977-9&rft.aulast=Barford&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstitut_für_Sorbische_Volksforschung_in_Bautzen1962" class="citation book cs1">Institut für Sorbische Volksforschung in Bautzen (1962). <i>Lětopis Instituta za serbski ludospyt</i>. Bautzen: Domowina.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%C4%9Btopis+Instituta+za+serbski+ludospyt&rft.place=Bautzen&rft.pub=Domowina&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Institut+f%C3%BCr+Sorbische+Volksforschung+in+Bautzen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2006" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2006). <i>Placenames of the World</i>. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. p. 433. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2248-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2248-3"><bdi>0-7864-2248-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pages=433&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7864-2248-3&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muzeum+Martyrologiczne+w+%C5%BBabikowie&rft.atitle=Ewakuacja+piesza&rft.date=2023-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzabikowo.eu%2Fewakuacja-piesza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040529223646/http://www.verfassungen.de/de/ddr/ddr90-laeeinf.htm">"Ländereinführungsgesetz (1990)"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungen.de/de/ddr/ddr90-laeeinf.htm">the original</a> on 29 May 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%C3%A4ndereinf%C3%BChrungsgesetz+%281990%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungen.de%2Fde%2Fddr%2Fddr90-laeeinf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411062741/http://www.brandenburg-geburtstag.de/aktuell/historischer-kalender/">"Historischer Kalender - 20 Jahre Land Brandenburg"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historischer+Kalender+-+20+Jahre+Land+Brandenburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandenburg-geburtstag.de%2Faktuell%2Fhistorischer-kalender%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_29.html">Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland</a> [Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany] (Article 29) (in German). Parlamentarischer Rat. 24 May 1949.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Grundgesetz+f%C3%BCr+die+Bundesrepublik+Deutschland&rft.pub=Parlamentarischer+Rat&rft.date=1949-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fgg%2Fart_29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_118a.html">Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland</a> [Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany] (Einzelnorm 118a) (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%C3%84NDERFUSION+%2F+FUSIONSVERTRAG+%281995%29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberlingeschichte.de%2Fstadtentwicklung%2Ftexte%2F5_33_laefuver.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/gescheiterte-laenderfusion-mit-berlin-die-brandenburger-wollen-keine-berliner-verhaeltnisse/13539146.html">"Die Brandenburger wollen keine Berliner Verhältnisse"</a>. <i>Tagesspiegel</i> (in German). 4 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bundesrat.de&rft.atitle=Bundesrat+%E2%80%93+Election+dates+in+the+federal+states&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesrat.de%2FEN%2Forganisation-en%2Flaender-en%2Fwahltermine-en%2Fwahltermine-en-node.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/36651/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern/">"Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundesländern in Deutschland 2018 | Statista"</a>. <i>Statista</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Arbeitslosenquote+nach+Bundesl%C3%A4ndern+in+Deutschland+2018+%7C+Statista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.statista.com%2Fstatistik%2Fdaten%2Fstudie%2F36651%2Fumfrage%2Farbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(Destatis)2018" class="citation web cs1">(Destatis), © Statistisches Bundesamt (13 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online/data;sid=8605C2647C4C92D731CC1EC4BAC5AF53.GO_1_3?operation=ergebnistabelleUmfang&levelindex=3&levelid=1542098063701&downloadname=13211-0007">"Federal Statistical Office Germany – GENESIS-Online"</a>. <i>www-genesis.destatis.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-genesis.destatis.de&rft.atitle=Federal+Statistical+Office+Germany+%E2%80%93+GENESIS-Online&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft.aulast=%28Destatis%29&rft.aufirst=%C2%A9+Statistisches+Bundesamt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-genesis.destatis.de%2Fgenesis%2Fonline%2Fdata%3Bsid%3D8605C2647C4C92D731CC1EC4BAC5AF53.GO_1_3%3Foperation%3DergebnistabelleUmfang%26levelindex%3D3%26levelid%3D1542098063701%26downloadname%3D13211-0007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110502150350/http://www.berlin-airport.de/EN/BBI/FlughafenDerZukunft/Aus3Mach1/zukunftschoenefeld.html">"The future lies in Schoenefeld"</a>. Berlin-airport.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlin-airport.de/EN/BBI/FlughafenDerZukunft/Aus3Mach1/zukunftschoenefeld.html">the original</a> on 2 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+future+lies+in+Schoenefeld&rft.pub=Berlin-airport.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin-airport.de%2FEN%2FBBI%2FFlughafenDerZukunft%2FAus3Mach1%2Fzukunftschoenefeld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article171642256/Der-BER-bleibt-noch-drei-Jahre-ein-Geisterflughafen.html">"The BER will remain ghost-airport until 2020"</a>, welt.de, 15. December 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/BBHeft_derivate_00013085">"Dateien"</a>. <i>www.statistischebibliothek.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistischebibliothek.de&rft.atitle=Dateien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistischebibliothek.de%2Fmir%2Fservlets%2FMCRFileNodeServlet%2FBBHeft_derivate_00013085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113140209/http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article209248369/Statistikamt-Berlin-Brandenburg-feiert-zehnten-Geburtstag.html">"Brandenburg auf dem Sprung zu 2,5 Millionen-Einwohner-Marke"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article209248369/Statistikamt-Berlin-Brandenburg-feiert-zehnten-Geburtstag.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brandenburg+auf+dem+Sprung+zu+2%2C5+Millionen-Einwohner-Marke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.morgenpost.de%2Fberlin%2Farticle209248369%2FStatistikamt-Berlin-Brandenburg-feiert-zehnten-Geburtstag.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Euler2019-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Euler2019_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuler2019" class="citation cs2">Euler, Ellen (2019), <i>Open-Access-Strategie des Landes Brandenburg</i>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.2581783">10.5281/zenodo.2581783</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Open-Access-Strategie+des+Landes+Brandenburg&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.2581783&rft.aulast=Euler&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bga-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bga_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johann Sebastian Bach's Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacDonogh, Giles. <i>Frederick the Great: A Life in Deed and Letters</i>. St. Martin's Griffin. New York. 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-27266-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-27266-9">0-312-27266-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2016/jul/10/spreewald-gherkins-brandenburg-germany">"Germany's Spreewald gherkins – possibly the best in the world"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 10 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+Spreewald+gherkins+%E2%80%93+possibly+the+best+in+the+world&rft.date=2016-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2016%2Fjul%2F10%2Fspreewald-gherkins-brandenburg-germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandenburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brandenburg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Brandenburg#Q1208" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1921 <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's Encyclopedia</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Brandenburg" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb1.c.330014.de">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandenburg-business-guide.de/en">Official local information system</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandenburg-tourism.com/">Brandenburg Tourist Board</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/62504">Brandenburg</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template talk:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> (since 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandenburg</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> (since 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> (since 1990)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:States_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="States of Germany"><img alt="States of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/70px-States_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/105px-States_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/140px-States_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City-states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> (since 1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a> (1949–1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Brandenburg_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Brandenburg_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template talk:Germany districts Brandenburg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Brandenburg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Brandenburg_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Brandenburg_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brandenburg"><img alt="Flag of Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Urban and rural districts in the state of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandenburg</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnim" title="Barnim">Barnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahme-Spreewald" title="Dahme-Spreewald">Dahme-Spreewald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbe-Elster" title="Elbe-Elster">Elbe-Elster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelland_(district)" title="Havelland (district)">Havelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkisch-Oderland" title="Märkisch-Oderland">Märkisch-Oderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhavel" title="Oberhavel">Oberhavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberspreewald-Lausitz" title="Oberspreewald-Lausitz">Oberspreewald-Lausitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder-Spree" title="Oder-Spree">Oder-Spree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostprignitz-Ruppin" title="Ostprignitz-Ruppin">Ostprignitz-Ruppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam-Mittelmark" title="Potsdam-Mittelmark">Potsdam-Mittelmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prignitz" title="Prignitz">Prignitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spree-Nei%C3%9Fe" title="Spree-Neiße">Spree-Neiße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming" title="Teltow-Fläming">Teltow-Fläming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uckermark_(district)" title="Uckermark (district)">Uckermark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151843145">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1259114/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4007955-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91075824">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119553645">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119553645">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01104497">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an65360468">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Braniborsko (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128413&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566862805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6adffea3-b78f-4670-ab6e-cff834a41bde">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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