CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/Images/favicon.ico" type="image/png"><title>Environment - ILL Neutrons for Society</title><meta name="generator" content="TYPO3 CMS"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3temp/assets/css/7015c8c4ac.css?1642088038" media="all"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/solr/Resources/Public/StyleSheets/Frontend/suggest.css?1642087880" media="all"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancybox/3.5.7/jquery.fancybox.min.css" media="all"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/e_package/Resources/Public/Css/bootstrap.css?1732269367" media="all"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/Css/slick.css?1642087828" media="all"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/Css/css/page.css?1732269373" media="all"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/Css/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.css?1642087828" media="all"><script src="/typo3temp/assets/js/62b8391210.js?1642088038"></script><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Rubik:300,400,500,700" rel="stylesheet"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Titillium+Web:400,600,700" rel="stylesheet"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.2/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/tarteaucitron/tarteaucitron.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> var currentLanguage = document.documentElement.lang; window.tarteaucitronForceLanguage = currentLanguage; tarteaucitron.init({ "privacyUrl": "", /* Privacy policy url */ "hashtag": "#tarteaucitron", /* Open the panel with this hashtag */ "cookieName": "tartaucitron", /* Cookie name */ "orientation": "top", /* Banner position (top - bottom) */ "showAlertSmall": false, /* Show the small banner on bottom right */ "cookieslist": true, /* Show the cookie list */ "adblocker": false, /* Show a Warning if an adblocker is detected */ "AcceptAllCta" : true, /* Show the accept all button when highPrivacy on */ "highPrivacy": false, /* Disable auto consent */ "handleBrowserDNTRequest": false, /* If Do Not Track == 1, accept all */ "removeCredit": false, /* Remove credit link */ "moreInfoLink": true, /* Show more info link */ }); </script><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ill.eu/neutrons-for-society/environment"></head><body><div id="overlay"></div><div class="page"><header id="header" class="hidden-print"><div id="top_navigation" class="container-fluid"><div class="row justify-content-between"><div class="logo col-sm-auto d-flex justify-content-sm-start justify-content-center"><a href="/"><img alt="Accueil du site" src="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/Images/logo-ILL.png" width="115" height="102" title=""></a></div><div class="col-12 col-sm-auto d-flex menu-header-droite justify-content-sm-end justify-content-between hidden-print"><ul class="menu-langue"><li class="active"><a href="/neutrons-for-society/environment" hreflang="en-EN">EN</a></li><li class="text-muted">FR</li><li class="text-muted">DE</li></ul><ul class="menu-search"><li><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts"><i class="icon-contact_menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li><li id="search-icon"><i class="icon-rechercher" aria-hidden="true"></i></li></ul><ul><li id="burger"><a href="#"><span></span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="container-fluid hidden-print" id="menu-principal"><div class="container-max"><div id="c128" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_principal frame-layout-0 "><nav><ul id="menuSite"><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill"> About the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill"> Introducing the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance"> ILL at a glance </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/mission-vision-and-values"> Mission, vision and values </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/facts-and-figures"> Facts and figures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history"> History </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/50th-anniversary-souvenir-book"> 50th anniversary souvenir book </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/founders-and-pioneers"> Founders and pioneers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/jacrots-book"> Jacrot's book </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/prizes-and-honours"> Prizes and honours </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/techniques"> Techniques </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/ill-founding-papers"> ILL Founding papers </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/ill-faq"> ILL FAQ </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/glossary"> Glossary </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership"> An international partnership </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/associate-countries"> Associate countries </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/associate-countries/france"> France </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/associate-countries/germany"> Germany </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/associate-countries/united-kingdom"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/scientific-member-countries"> Scientific Member countries </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/austria"> Austria </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/czech-republic"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/denmark"> Denmark </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/italy"> Italy </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/poland"> Poland </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/slovakia"> Slovakia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/slovenia"> Slovenia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/spain"> Spain </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/sweden"> Sweden </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/switzerland"> Switzerland </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/networks"> Networks </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.giant-grenoble.org/en/"> GIANT </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/"> EPN Campus </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.eiroforum.org/"> EIROFORUM </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://lens-initiative.org/"> LENS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/networks/international-cooperation"> International cooperation </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/european-projects"> European projects </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance"> Governance </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance/management-structure"> Management structure </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/organisation-chart"> Organisation chart </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance/scientific-groups"> Scientific groups </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance/colleges"> Colleges </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events"> News and events </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/infos-presse-evenements"> News </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/news/scientific-news"> Scientific news </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/infos-presse-evenements/general-news"> General news </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/infos-presse-evenements/european-news"> European news </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/ill-newsletter"> ILL newsletter </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/press-corner"> Press corner </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/press-corner/press-releases"> Press releases </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/press-corner/ill-in-the-media"> ILL in the media </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar"> Events calendar </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/schools"> Schools </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/workshops"> Workshops / conferences </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/seminars-/-webinars"> Seminars / webinars </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/meetings"> Meetings </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/colloquia"> Colloquia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/joint-esrf-ill-colloquia"> Joint ESRF-ILL colloquia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/reactor-cycles"> Reactor cycles </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/other-events-of-interest"> Other events of interest </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/subscribe-to-ill-newsletter"> Subscribe to ILL newsletter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation"> Documentation </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/scientific-publications"> Scientific publications </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/recent-journals-covers"> Recent Journals covers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/scientific-publications/scientific-publication-list"> Scientific Publication list </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/scientific-publications/list-of-phd-theses"> List of PhD theses </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/annual-report"> Annual report </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/annual-report/guidelines-for-contributions"> Guidelines for scientific contributions </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/films-animations"> Films & animations </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB_Afp4ai6Ze3we8_YdaoZg"> ILL YouTube channel </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/films-animations/ill-virtual-tour"> ILL virtual tour </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/topical-brochures"> Topical brochures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/ill-general-brochure"> ILL General brochure </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/ill-newsletter"> ILL newsletter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/library/joint-ill-esrf-library/"> Joint ILL-ESRF library </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/redirects/tools/legal-information"> Legal info & policies </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts"> Contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/travelling-to-the-ill"> Travelling to the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/travelling-to-the-ill/ill-visitors-travel-and-reimbursement-policy"> ILL visitors - travel and reimbursement policy </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts/ill-phonebook"> ILL Phonebook </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts/instrument-responsibles"> Instrument responsibles </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts/public-relations"> Public relations </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/communication-resources/default-title"> ILL mailing lists </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/communication-resources"> Communication resources </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/communication-resources/logos"> Logos </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/users"> Users </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/new-user-at-the-ill"> New User at the ILL? </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-club"> User club </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide"> User guide </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/remote-access"> Remote access </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/new-ill-building-access-procedures"> New ILL building access procedures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/sample-management"> Sample management </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/before-your-experiment"> Before your experiment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/before-your-experiment/reimbursement-regulation"> Reimbursement rules </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/on-site"> On site </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/after-your-experiment"> After your experiment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/after-your-experiment/data-management"> Data Management - DOI </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime"> Applying for beamtime </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/important-dates"> Important dates </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/proposal-submission"> Proposal submission </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/proposal-submission/proposal-submission-guidelines"> Proposal submission guidelines </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/user-access-policy"> User Access policy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/experimental-report-policy"> Experimental report policy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments"> Instruments </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list"> Instruments list </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d1b"> D1B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d2b"> D2B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d3"> D3 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d4"> D4 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d7"> D7 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d9"> D9 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d10"> D10 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d11"> D11 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d16"> D16 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d17/description/instrument-layout"> D17 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d19"> D19 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d20"> D20 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d22"> D22 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d23"> D23 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d33"> D33 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/dali"> DALI </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/figaro"> FIGARO </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/fipps"> FIPPS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/flatcone"> FlatCone </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/imps"> IMPS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in1-lagrange"> IN1-Lagrange </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in5"> IN5 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in8"> IN8 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in12"> IN12 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in13"> IN13 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in15"> IN15 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in16b"> IN16B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in20"> IN20 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in22"> IN22 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/ladi"> LADI III </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/next"> NeXT </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/orientexpress"> OrientExpress </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/panther"> PANTHER </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/pf1b"> PF1B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/pf2"> PF2 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/pn1"> PN1 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/s18"> S18 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/salsa"> Salsa </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/sam"> SAM </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/sharper"> SHARPER </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/superadam"> SuperADAM </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/supersun"> SuperSUN </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/thales"> ThALES </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/tenis"> TENIS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/tyrex-2"> Tyrex-2 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/wasp"> WASP </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/xtremed"> XtremeD </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instrument-responsibles"> Instrument responsibles </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/the-ill-endurance-upgrade-programme"> Modernisation programmes </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/the-ill-endurance-upgrade-programme"> The ILL Endurance upgrade programme </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/ill2023"> ILL20-23 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/millennium-programme"> Millennium Programme </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/crgs"> CRGs </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups"> Scientific groups </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction"> Diffraction </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction/instruments"> Instruments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction/software"> Software and Schools </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures"> Large Scale Structures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures/lss-instruments"> LSS Instruments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures/data-reduction-analysis"> Data reduction & analysis </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy"> Spectroscopy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/news"> News & Events </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/instruments"> Instruments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/softwares"> Softwares </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/publications"> Publications </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/useful-links"> Useful links </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences"> Life Sciences </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/in-house-research"> In-house research </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/funding"> Funding </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/publications"> Publications </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics"> Nuclear & Particle Physics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics/news-events"> News & Events </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics/instruments"> Instruments </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory"> Theory </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/scientific-activities"> Scientific activities </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/publications"> Publications </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/opening-positions"> Opening positions </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/how-to-find-us"> How to find us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure"> Support labs & infrastructure </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/library/joint-ill-esrf-library/"> Library </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.psb-grenoble.eu/"> Partnership for Structural Biology </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/users/partnership-for-soft-condensed-matter-pscm/"> Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/deuteration-laboratory"> Deuteration Laboratory </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/soft-matter-science-and-support/deuterated-lipids-at-the-ill"> Deuterated lipids </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/chemistry-laboratories"> Chemistry Laboratories </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/services-for-advanced-neutron-environments"> Sample environment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/services-for-advanced-neutron-environments"> Services for Advanced Neutron Environments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/equipment"> Equipment </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/controllers"> Controllers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/software"> Software </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/safety"> Safety </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science"> Computing for Science </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/data-reduction"> Data Reduction </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/supported-software"> Other Supported Software </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/ill-simulation-day"> ILL Simulation Day </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/ill-cluster"> ILL cluster </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/people"> People </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/instrument-control-service/remote-instrument-control"> Instrument Control Service </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/instrument-control-service/remote-instrument-control"> Remote instrument control </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/it-information-technology"> IT (Information technology) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/software-scientific-tools"> Software & scientific tools </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/materials-science-support-lab"> Materials Science Support Lab </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges"> Colleges </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges/college-and-keyword-system"> College and Keyword System </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges/seminars"> Seminars </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges/subcommittees-meeting"> Subcommittees meeting </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/contacts"> Contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/contacts/phone-book"> Phone book </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 active "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society"> Neutrons for Society </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill"> Science at the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/advanced-materials"> Advanced materials </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/biology-and-health"> Biology </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/biology-and-health/how-neutron-science-supports-research-on-viruses-such-as-covid-19"> Supporting research on Covid-19 </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/magnetism"> Magnetism </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/chemistry"> Chemistry </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/soft-matter"> Soft matter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/nuclear-and-particle-physics"> Nuclear and Particle Physics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 active "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/societal-impact"> Societal impact </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 active current"><span></span><a title="Environment - Page active" href="/neutrons-for-society/environment"> Environment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/societal-impact/energy"> Energy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/health"> Health </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/information-communication-technologies"> Information & communication technologies (ICT) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/about-neutrons"> About neutrons </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques"> Neutron techniques </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-diffraction"> Neutron diffraction </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/small-angle-neutron-scattering"> Small-Angle Neutron Scattering </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-reflectometry"> Neutron reflectometry </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-spectroscopy"> Neutron spectroscopy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://spark.adobe.com/page/xbQi4PFlsvhqZ/"> Neutron imaging </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology"> Neutron technology </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/detectors"> Detectors </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/optics"> Optics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/optics/the-founding-papers"> The founding papers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/alexander-petoukhov"> Alexander Petoukhov </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/radiosotope-production-for-medicine"> Radiosotope production for medicine </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/doing-business-with-the-ill"> Doing business with the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/doing-business-with-the-ill/administration-division-contacts"> Administration division contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety"> Reactor and safety </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/high-flux-reactor"> High-flux reactor </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/high-flux-reactor/cycles"> Cycles </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/high-flux-reactor/technical-characteristics"> Technical characteristics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety"> Safety </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/reactor-safety-faq"> Reactor safety FAQ </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/tsn-nucl-transparency-safety"> TSN (Nucl. transparency & safety) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/basic-facts-on-radioactivity"> Basic facts about radioactivity </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/post-fukushima-work-the-reactors-hard-core"> Post-Fukushima work: the reactor's "hardened safety core" </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/incidents"> Incidents </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment"> Environment </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment/environmental-monitoring"> Environmental monitoring </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.mesure-radioactivite.fr/en#/expert"> IRSN / RNM environmental monitoring (French) </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment/environmental-monitoring/emissions"> Emissions </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment/waste-see-tsn-reports-french"> Waste (see TSN reports, French) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/contacts"> Contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/ill-services-for-industry"> Industry </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/ill-services-for-industry"> ILL services for Industry </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/working-together"> Working together </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/collaborations-partnerships"> Collaborations & Partnerships </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/contact"> Contact </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/education"> Education </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training"> PhD & Undergraduate Training </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training/the-ill-graduate-school-igs"> The ILL Graduate School (IGS) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training/the-ill-graduate-school-igs/what-is-the-igs"> What is the IGS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment/contacts"> Contacts </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training/the-ill-graduate-school-igs/list-of-phd-projects-and-students"> List of PhD projects and students </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment/propose-a-phd-project"> Propose a PhD project </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment"> PhD recruitment </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals"> Schools & Practicals </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals/hercules-school"> HERCULES school </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals/ill-esrf-summer-programme"> ILL | ESRF Summer Programme </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals/other-schools"> Other schools </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/group-visits-for-students"> Group visits for students </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/education-outreach"> Education & Outreach </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/education-outreach/education-ressources-from-the-ill"> Education ressources from the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://parvis-des-sciences.com/"> Parvis des Sciences </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.scienceinschool.org/"> Science in School </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/careers"> Careers </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies"> All our vacancies </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/job-vacancies"> Job Vacancies </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment"> PhD recruitment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment/open-phd-positions"> Open PhD positions </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/apprenticeships"> Apprenticeships </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements"> Internships work placements </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements/science"> Science </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements/technologyengineeringcomputer-science"> Technology/Engineering/Computer Science </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements/administrationcommunication"> Administration/Communication </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/unsolicited-applications"> Unsolicited applications </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/personal-account"> Personal account </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply"> Hints on how to apply </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply/ills-recruitment-process"> ILL's recruitment process </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply/tips-for-your-application"> Tips for your application </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply/faq"> FAQ </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill"> Working at the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/ill-mission-vision-and-values"> ILL Mission, vision and values </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/meet-the-locals"> Meet the locals </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/career-prospects"> Career prospects </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/employment-conditions"> Employment conditions </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble"> Life in Grenoble </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/accommodation"> ACCOMMODATION </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/administrative-formalities"> ADMINISTRATIVE FORMALITIES </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/newcomer-welcome-associations"> NEWCOMER WELCOME ASSOCIATIONS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/banking"> BANKING </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/getting-around"> GETTING AROUND </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/health"> HEALTH </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/8-insurance"> INSURANCE </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/retirement"> RETIREMENT </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/schooling-and-child-care"> FAMILY, SCHOOLS AND CHILD CARE </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/shopping"> SHOPPING </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/taxes"> TAXES </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/long-term-visitors"> Long-Term Visitors </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/ills-policy-on-gender-equality"> ILL's Policy on Gender Equality </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/contact"> Contact </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div></div><div id="recherche-header" class="container-fluid hidden-print"><div class="container-max"><div id="c103" class="frame frame-default frame-type-list frame-layout-0 "><div class="tx_solr"><form method="get" class="d-flex align-items-center" id="tx-solr-search-form-pi-results" action="/redirects/tools/search" data-suggest="/redirects/tools/search/suggest" data-suggest-header="Top Results" accept-charset="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="L" value="0"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="69"><input type="text" id="searchform" class="tx-solr-q js-solr-q tx-solr-suggest tx-solr-suggest-focus form-control" placeholder="Search" name="q" value=""><button type="submit" id="searchsubmit" class="btn btn-search-submit"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-rechercher" title="OK"></i></button></form></div></div></div></div><div id="menuPrincipalResponsive" class="hidden-print"><div id="c128" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_principal frame-layout-0 "><nav><ul id="menuSite"><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill"> About the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill"> Introducing the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance"> ILL at a glance </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/mission-vision-and-values"> Mission, vision and values </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/facts-and-figures"> Facts and figures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history"> History </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/50th-anniversary-souvenir-book"> 50th anniversary souvenir book </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/founders-and-pioneers"> Founders and pioneers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/jacrots-book"> Jacrot's book </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/prizes-and-honours"> Prizes and honours </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/techniques"> Techniques </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/introducing-the-ill/history/ill-founding-papers"> ILL Founding papers </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/ill-faq"> ILL FAQ </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/glossary"> Glossary </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership"> An international partnership </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/associate-countries"> Associate countries </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/associate-countries/france"> France </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/associate-countries/germany"> Germany </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/associate-countries/united-kingdom"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/scientific-member-countries"> Scientific Member countries </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/austria"> Austria </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/czech-republic"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/denmark"> Denmark </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/italy"> Italy </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/poland"> Poland </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/slovakia"> Slovakia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/slovenia"> Slovenia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/spain"> Spain </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/sweden"> Sweden </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/stakeholder-relations/scientific-member-countries/switzerland"> Switzerland </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/networks"> Networks </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.giant-grenoble.org/en/"> GIANT </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/"> EPN Campus </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.eiroforum.org/"> EIROFORUM </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://lens-initiative.org/"> LENS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/networks/international-cooperation"> International cooperation </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/ill-at-a-glance/an-international-partnership/european-projects"> European projects </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance"> Governance </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance/management-structure"> Management structure </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/organisation-chart"> Organisation chart </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance/scientific-groups"> Scientific groups </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/governance/colleges"> Colleges </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events"> News and events </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/infos-presse-evenements"> News </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/news/scientific-news"> Scientific news </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/infos-presse-evenements/general-news"> General news </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/infos-presse-evenements/european-news"> European news </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/ill-newsletter"> ILL newsletter </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/press-corner"> Press corner </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/press-corner/press-releases"> Press releases </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/press-corner/ill-in-the-media"> ILL in the media </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar"> Events calendar </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/schools"> Schools </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/workshops"> Workshops / conferences </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/seminars-/-webinars"> Seminars / webinars </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/meetings"> Meetings </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/colloquia"> Colloquia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/joint-esrf-ill-colloquia"> Joint ESRF-ILL colloquia </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/events-calendar/reactor-cycles"> Reactor cycles </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/other-events-of-interest"> Other events of interest </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/news-and-events/subscribe-to-ill-newsletter"> Subscribe to ILL newsletter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation"> Documentation </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/scientific-publications"> Scientific publications </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/recent-journals-covers"> Recent Journals covers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/scientific-publications/scientific-publication-list"> Scientific Publication list </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/scientific-publications/list-of-phd-theses"> List of PhD theses </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/annual-report"> Annual report </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/annual-report/guidelines-for-contributions"> Guidelines for scientific contributions </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/films-animations"> Films & animations </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB_Afp4ai6Ze3we8_YdaoZg"> ILL YouTube channel </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/films-animations/ill-virtual-tour"> ILL virtual tour </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/topical-brochures"> Topical brochures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/ill-general-brochure"> ILL General brochure </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/documentation/ill-newsletter"> ILL newsletter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/library/joint-ill-esrf-library/"> Joint ILL-ESRF library </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/redirects/tools/legal-information"> Legal info & policies </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts"> Contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/travelling-to-the-ill"> Travelling to the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/travelling-to-the-ill/ill-visitors-travel-and-reimbursement-policy"> ILL visitors - travel and reimbursement policy </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts/ill-phonebook"> ILL Phonebook </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts/instrument-responsibles"> Instrument responsibles </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/contacts/public-relations"> Public relations </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/communication-resources/default-title"> ILL mailing lists </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/communication-resources"> Communication resources </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/about-the-ill/communication-resources/logos"> Logos </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/users"> Users </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/new-user-at-the-ill"> New User at the ILL? </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-club"> User club </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide"> User guide </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/remote-access"> Remote access </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/new-ill-building-access-procedures"> New ILL building access procedures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/sample-management"> Sample management </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/before-your-experiment"> Before your experiment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/before-your-experiment/reimbursement-regulation"> Reimbursement rules </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/on-site"> On site </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/after-your-experiment"> After your experiment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/user-guide/after-your-experiment/data-management"> Data Management - DOI </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime"> Applying for beamtime </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/important-dates"> Important dates </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/proposal-submission"> Proposal submission </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/proposal-submission/proposal-submission-guidelines"> Proposal submission guidelines </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/user-access-policy"> User Access policy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/applying-for-beamtime/experimental-report-policy"> Experimental report policy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments"> Instruments </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list"> Instruments list </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d1b"> D1B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d2b"> D2B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d3"> D3 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d4"> D4 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d7"> D7 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d9"> D9 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d10"> D10 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d11"> D11 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d16"> D16 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d17/description/instrument-layout"> D17 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d19"> D19 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d20"> D20 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d22"> D22 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d23"> D23 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/d33"> D33 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/dali"> DALI </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/figaro"> FIGARO </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/fipps"> FIPPS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/flatcone"> FlatCone </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/imps"> IMPS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in1-lagrange"> IN1-Lagrange </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in5"> IN5 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in8"> IN8 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in12"> IN12 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in13"> IN13 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in15"> IN15 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in16b"> IN16B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in20"> IN20 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/in22"> IN22 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/ladi"> LADI III </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/next"> NeXT </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/orientexpress"> OrientExpress </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/panther"> PANTHER </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/pf1b"> PF1B </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/pf2"> PF2 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/pn1"> PN1 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/s18"> S18 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/salsa"> Salsa </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/sam"> SAM </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/sharper"> SHARPER </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/superadam"> SuperADAM </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/supersun"> SuperSUN </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/thales"> ThALES </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/tenis"> TENIS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/tyrex-2"> Tyrex-2 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/wasp"> WASP </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instruments-list/xtremed"> XtremeD </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/instrument-responsibles"> Instrument responsibles </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/the-ill-endurance-upgrade-programme"> Modernisation programmes </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/the-ill-endurance-upgrade-programme"> The ILL Endurance upgrade programme </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/ill2023"> ILL20-23 </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/modernisation-programmes/millennium-programme"> Millennium Programme </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/instruments/crgs"> CRGs </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups"> Scientific groups </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction"> Diffraction </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction/instruments"> Instruments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/diffraction/software"> Software and Schools </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures"> Large Scale Structures </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures/lss-instruments"> LSS Instruments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/large-scale-structures/data-reduction-analysis"> Data reduction & analysis </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy"> Spectroscopy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/news"> News & Events </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/instruments"> Instruments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/softwares"> Softwares </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/publications"> Publications </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/spectroscopy/useful-links"> Useful links </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences"> Life Sciences </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/in-house-research"> In-house research </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/funding"> Funding </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/life-sciences/publications"> Publications </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics"> Nuclear & Particle Physics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics/news-events"> News & Events </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/nuclear-particle-physics/instruments"> Instruments </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory"> Theory </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/scientific-activities"> Scientific activities </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/people"> People </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/publications"> Publications </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/opening-positions"> Opening positions </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/theory/how-to-find-us"> How to find us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure"> Support labs & infrastructure </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/library/joint-ill-esrf-library/"> Library </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.psb-grenoble.eu/"> Partnership for Structural Biology </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epn-campus.eu/users/partnership-for-soft-condensed-matter-pscm/"> Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/deuteration-laboratory"> Deuteration Laboratory </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/scientific-groups/soft-matter-science-and-support/deuterated-lipids-at-the-ill"> Deuterated lipids </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/chemistry-laboratories"> Chemistry Laboratories </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/services-for-advanced-neutron-environments"> Sample environment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/services-for-advanced-neutron-environments"> Services for Advanced Neutron Environments </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/equipment"> Equipment </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/controllers"> Controllers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/software"> Software </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/sample-environment/safety"> Safety </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science"> Computing for Science </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/data-reduction"> Data Reduction </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/supported-software"> Other Supported Software </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/ill-simulation-day"> ILL Simulation Day </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/ill-cluster"> ILL cluster </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/computing-for-science/people"> People </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/instrument-control-service/remote-instrument-control"> Instrument Control Service </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/instrument-control-service/remote-instrument-control"> Remote instrument control </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/it-information-technology"> IT (Information technology) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/software-scientific-tools"> Software & scientific tools </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/support-labs-infrastructure/materials-science-support-lab"> Materials Science Support Lab </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges"> Colleges </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges/college-and-keyword-system"> College and Keyword System </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges/seminars"> Seminars </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/colleges/subcommittees-meeting"> Subcommittees meeting </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/users/contacts"> Contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/users/contacts/phone-book"> Phone book </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 active "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society"> Neutrons for Society </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill"> Science at the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/advanced-materials"> Advanced materials </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/biology-and-health"> Biology </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/biology-and-health/how-neutron-science-supports-research-on-viruses-such-as-covid-19"> Supporting research on Covid-19 </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/magnetism"> Magnetism </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/chemistry"> Chemistry </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/soft-matter"> Soft matter </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/nuclear-and-particle-physics"> Nuclear and Particle Physics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niveau2 active "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/societal-impact"> Societal impact </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 active current"><span></span><a title="Environment - Page active" href="/neutrons-for-society/environment"> Environment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/societal-impact/energy"> Energy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/health"> Health </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/information-communication-technologies"> Information & communication technologies (ICT) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/about-neutrons"> About neutrons </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques"> Neutron techniques </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-diffraction"> Neutron diffraction </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/small-angle-neutron-scattering"> Small-Angle Neutron Scattering </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-reflectometry"> Neutron reflectometry </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-spectroscopy"> Neutron spectroscopy </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://spark.adobe.com/page/xbQi4PFlsvhqZ/"> Neutron imaging </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology"> Neutron technology </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/detectors"> Detectors </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/optics"> Optics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/optics/the-founding-papers"> The founding papers </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/alexander-petoukhov"> Alexander Petoukhov </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/radiosotope-production-for-medicine"> Radiosotope production for medicine </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/doing-business-with-the-ill"> Doing business with the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/doing-business-with-the-ill/administration-division-contacts"> Administration division contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety"> Reactor and safety </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/high-flux-reactor"> High-flux reactor </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/high-flux-reactor/cycles"> Cycles </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/high-flux-reactor/technical-characteristics"> Technical characteristics </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety"> Safety </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/reactor-safety-faq"> Reactor safety FAQ </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/tsn-nucl-transparency-safety"> TSN (Nucl. transparency & safety) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/basic-facts-on-radioactivity"> Basic facts about radioactivity </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/post-fukushima-work-the-reactors-hard-core"> Post-Fukushima work: the reactor's "hardened safety core" </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/safety/incidents"> Incidents </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment"> Environment </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment/environmental-monitoring"> Environmental monitoring </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.mesure-radioactivite.fr/en#/expert"> IRSN / RNM environmental monitoring (French) </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment/environmental-monitoring/emissions"> Emissions </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/environment/waste-see-tsn-reports-french"> Waste (see TSN reports, French) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/reactor-and-safety/contacts"> Contacts </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/ill-services-for-industry"> Industry </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/ill-services-for-industry"> ILL services for Industry </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/working-together"> Working together </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/collaborations-partnerships"> Collaborations & Partnerships </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/industry/contact"> Contact </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/education"> Education </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training"> PhD & Undergraduate Training </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training/the-ill-graduate-school-igs"> The ILL Graduate School (IGS) </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training/the-ill-graduate-school-igs/what-is-the-igs"> What is the IGS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment/contacts"> Contacts </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/education/phd-undergraduate-training/the-ill-graduate-school-igs/list-of-phd-projects-and-students"> List of PhD projects and students </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment/propose-a-phd-project"> Propose a PhD project </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment"> PhD recruitment </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals"> Schools & Practicals </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals/hercules-school"> HERCULES school </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals/ill-esrf-summer-programme"> ILL | ESRF Summer Programme </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/schools-practicals/other-schools"> Other schools </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/group-visits-for-students"> Group visits for students </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/education-outreach"> Education & Outreach </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/education-outreach/education-ressources-from-the-ill"> Education ressources from the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://parvis-des-sciences.com/"> Parvis des Sciences </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.scienceinschool.org/"> Science in School </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li><li class="niveau1 "><span></span><a href="/careers"> Careers </a><ul class="sousMenu2"><div class="container-max-bis"><div class="row-bis"><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies"> All our vacancies </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/job-vacancies"> Job Vacancies </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment"> PhD recruitment </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/phd-recruitment/open-phd-positions"> Open PhD positions </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/apprenticeships"> Apprenticeships </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements"> Internships work placements </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements/science"> Science </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements/technologyengineeringcomputer-science"> Technology/Engineering/Computer Science </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/internships-work-placements/administrationcommunication"> Administration/Communication </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/unsolicited-applications"> Unsolicited applications </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/all-our-vacancies/personal-account"> Personal account </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply"> Hints on how to apply </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply/ills-recruitment-process"> ILL's recruitment process </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply/tips-for-your-application"> Tips for your application </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/hints-on-how-to-apply/faq"> FAQ </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill"> Working at the ILL </a><ul class="sousMenu3"><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/ill-mission-vision-and-values"> ILL Mission, vision and values </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/meet-the-locals"> Meet the locals </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/career-prospects"> Career prospects </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/employment-conditions"> Employment conditions </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble"> Life in Grenoble </a><ul class="sousMenu4"><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/accommodation"> ACCOMMODATION </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/administrative-formalities"> ADMINISTRATIVE FORMALITIES </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/newcomer-welcome-associations"> NEWCOMER WELCOME ASSOCIATIONS </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/banking"> BANKING </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/getting-around"> GETTING AROUND </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/health"> HEALTH </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/8-insurance"> INSURANCE </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/retirement"> RETIREMENT </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/schooling-and-child-care"> FAMILY, SCHOOLS AND CHILD CARE </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/shopping"> SHOPPING </a></li><li class="niveau4 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/life-in-grenoble/taxes"> TAXES </a></li></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/long-term-visitors"> Long-Term Visitors </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li><li class="niveau3 "><span></span><a href="/careers/working-at-the-ill/ills-policy-on-gender-equality"> ILL's Policy on Gender Equality </a><ul class="sousMenu4"></ul></li></ul></li></div><div class="col"><li class="niveau2 "><span></span><a href="/careers/contact"> Contact </a><ul class="sousMenu3"></ul></li></div></div></div></ul></li></ul></nav></div></div></header><main class="container-fluid" id="mainContent"><div class="container-max"><ul class="filAriane hidden-print"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/neutrons-for-society">Neutrons for Society</a></li><li><a href="/neutrons-for-society/societal-impact">Societal impact</a></li><li>Environment</li></ul><div class="d-flex justify-content-end hidden-print"><div class="socialShareConteneur hidden-print"><div class="socialShare"></div></div><div id="social" class="hidden-print"></div><a href="javascript:window.print();" class="hidden-md-down hidden-print"><img class="print-icon" title="print" alt="print" src="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/Images/print.png" width="26" height="18"></a></div><div class="row"><div class="content_left col-lg-3 hidden-1024 hidden-print"><nav id="menuGauche"><ul><li class="niveau1 active no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society">Neutrons for Society</a><ul class="sousMenu"><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill">Science at the ILL</a><ul class="sousMenu"><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/advanced-materials">Advanced materials</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/biology-and-health">Biology</a><ul class="sousMenuFinal"><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/biology-and-health/how-neutron-science-supports-research-on-viruses-such-as-covid-19">Supporting research on Covid-19</a></li></ul></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/magnetism">Magnetism</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/soft-matter">Soft matter</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/science-at-the-ill/nuclear-and-particle-physics">Nuclear and Particle Physics</a></li></ul></li><li class="active no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/societal-impact">Societal impact</a><ul class="sousMenu"><li class="active current no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/environment" title="Page active">Environment</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/societal-impact/energy">Energy</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/health">Health</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/information-communication-technologies">Information & communication technologies (ICT)</a></li></ul></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/about-neutrons">About neutrons</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques">Neutron techniques</a><ul class="sousMenu"><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-diffraction">Neutron diffraction</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/small-angle-neutron-scattering">Small-Angle Neutron Scattering</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-reflectometry">Neutron reflectometry</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-techniques/neutron-spectroscopy">Neutron spectroscopy</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="https://spark.adobe.com/page/xbQi4PFlsvhqZ/" target="_blank">Neutron imaging</a></li></ul></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology">Neutron technology</a><ul class="sousMenu"><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/detectors">Detectors</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/optics">Optics</a><ul class="sousMenuFinal"><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/optics/the-founding-papers">The founding papers</a></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/alexander-petoukhov">Alexander Petoukhov</a></li></ul></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/neutron-technology/radiosotope-production-for-medicine">Radiosotope production for medicine</a></li></ul></li><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/doing-business-with-the-ill">Doing business with the ILL</a><ul class="sousMenu"><li class="no_glossary"><span></span><a href="/neutrons-for-society/doing-business-with-the-ill/administration-division-contacts">Administration division contacts</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><div class="content_center col-lg-9 show-1024"><h1>Environment</h1><div id="c21687" class="frame frame-default frame-type-gridelements_pi1 frame-layout-0 "><div class="grid-container--103"><div class="row grid"><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner inner-50 first"><div id="c21359" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0 "><header><h2 class="entete ">Highlights</h2></header><div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"><div class="ce-bodytext"><p>Human activity has widespread and sometimes disastrous effects on the environment, many of which are linked to climate change. Thanks to the versatility of neutron techniques, we are making significant progress towards developing ways to mitigate some of these effects, including emissions reduction, catalysts, clean technologies and processes as well as food security.</p><p> </p><p> </p><hr><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="col-md-3"><div class="inner inner-50 last"><div id="c21688" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0 "><div class="ce-textpic ce-center ce-above"><div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"><div class="ce-outer"><div class="ce-inner"><div class="ce-row"><div class="ce-column"><figure class="image"><img class="image-embed-item" src="/fileadmin/_processed_/1/d/csm_environment_1e095d0eeb.png" width="200" height="217" alt=""></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="c21360" class="frame frame-default frame-type-list frame-layout-0 "><div class="tx-e-news"><div class="news-list-view"><div class="article liste-actu-principale liste-actu-principale-first articletype-0" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Neutrons unveil the dynamics of water in concrete at the nanometre scale" href="/news-press-events/news/scientific-news/detail/neutrons-unveil-the-dynamics-of-water-in-concrete-at-the-nanometre-scale"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/e/2/csm_AdobeStock_861887611_57a99140dc.jpeg" width="280" height="157" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Neutrons unveil the dynamics of water in concrete at the nanometre scale" href="/news-press-events/news/scientific-news/detail/neutrons-unveil-the-dynamics-of-water-in-concrete-at-the-nanometre-scale"><span itemprop="headline">Neutrons unveil the dynamics of water in concrete at the nanometre scale</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2024-09-24"> 09/24/2024 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-09-24"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">News,</span><span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Chemistry,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Construction Materials & Geotechnics,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">IN1 TAS/Lagrange,</span><span class="cat">France</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"><p>An international research team has used neutrons to study the nanometer-scale dynamics of water inside concrete. This is not only key to concrete strength, but also for the development of green concrete and environment-related applications.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-0" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Future energy storage: inspired by nature, advanced by neutrons" href="/news-press-events/news/scientific-news/detail/future-energy-storage-inspired-by-nature-advanced-by-neutrons"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/a/8/csm_240719-Methane_Hydrate_-_AdobeStock_470656068_e177dc268d.jpeg" width="280" height="187" alt=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Future energy storage: inspired by nature, advanced by neutrons" href="/news-press-events/news/scientific-news/detail/future-energy-storage-inspired-by-nature-advanced-by-neutrons"><span itemprop="headline">Future energy storage: inspired by nature, advanced by neutrons</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2024-07-19"> 07/19/2024 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-07-19"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">News,</span><span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Energy,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">IN1 TAS/Lagrange</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"><p>The replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy is a key requirement to achieve climate neutrality in Europe by 2050. Energy storage systems are a crucial technology for this global energy transition due to the intermittent nature of…</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-0" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="International Operando Battery Days (OBATT'24) in Grenoble" href="/news-press-events/news/scientific-news/detail/international-operando-battery-days-obatt24-in-grenoble"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/d/a/csm_240612_OBATT-workshop_Grenoble_20d457541b.jpg" width="280" height="210" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="International Operando Battery Days (OBATT'24) in Grenoble" href="/news-press-events/news/scientific-news/detail/international-operando-battery-days-obatt24-in-grenoble"><span itemprop="headline">International Operando Battery Days (OBATT'24) in Grenoble</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2024-06-18"> 06/18/2024 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-06-18"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">News,</span><span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Energy,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Advanced Materials,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Renewable & Nuclear Energies,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Transport,</span><span class="cat">General news,</span><span class="cat">D50-NeXT</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"><p>Over 100 scientists and industry experts gathered in Grenoble last week for the International Operando Battery Days (OBATT'24).<br> The event focused on exploring  new ways to analyse battery materials using cutting-edge tools and methods, both in-lab…</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-1 topnews" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Amino-acid functionalised MOFs for metal recovery: a contribution to the circular economy" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/amino-acid-functionalised-mofs-for-metal-recovery-a-contribution-to-the-circular-economy"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/3/b/csm_23-05-22-MOF-filtration_17932754c9.jpeg" width="280" height="112" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Amino-acid functionalised MOFs for metal recovery: a contribution to the circular economy" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/amino-acid-functionalised-mofs-for-metal-recovery-a-contribution-to-the-circular-economy"><span itemprop="headline">Amino-acid functionalised MOFs for metal recovery: a contribution to the circular economy</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2023-05-23"> 05/23/2023 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-05-23"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">News,</span><span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Chemistry,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">IN1 TAS/Lagrange,</span><span class="cat">Spain</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Neutron scattering: a valuable tool for the advancement of sustainable polymers" href="/infos-presse-evenements/neutron-scattering-a-valuable-tool-for-the-advancement-of-sustainable-polymers"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/a/f/csm_230426_Infog_PLA-Linear-vs-cyclic_3fa9012738.jpg" width="280" height="210" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Neutron scattering: a valuable tool for the advancement of sustainable polymers" href="/infos-presse-evenements/neutron-scattering-a-valuable-tool-for-the-advancement-of-sustainable-polymers"><span itemprop="headline">Neutron scattering: a valuable tool for the advancement of sustainable polymers</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2023-05-02"> 05/02/2023 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-05-02"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">News,</span><span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Advanced materials,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">D11,</span><span class="cat">Sweden,</span><span class="cat">United Kingdom</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Capturing carbon dioxide for the chemical industry" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/capturing-co2-for-the-chemical-industry"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/0/6/csm_23-02-23-Electrolysis-Fig3_9303dc07b1.jpg" width="280" height="200" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Capturing carbon dioxide for the chemical industry" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/capturing-co2-for-the-chemical-industry"><span itemprop="headline">Capturing carbon dioxide for the chemical industry</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2023-03-23"> 03/23/2023 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-03-23"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Pharmaceuticals,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">D50-NeXT,</span><span class="cat">Germany</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Advancing catalysis through long-standing academic-industrial collaborative research" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/advancing-catalysis-through-long-standing-academic-industrial-collaborative-research"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/1/f/csm_23-03-16-catalysis-illustration_45b2340036.jpg" width="280" height="158" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Advancing catalysis through long-standing academic-industrial collaborative research" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/advancing-catalysis-through-long-standing-academic-industrial-collaborative-research"><span itemprop="headline">Advancing catalysis through long-standing academic-industrial collaborative research</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2023-03-16"> 03/16/2023 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-03-16"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Advanced Materials,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">IN1 TAS/Lagrange,</span><span class="cat">Italy</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-1 topnews" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Towards improved plastic solar cells" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/towards-improved-plastic-solar-cells"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/a/7/csm_22-12-05-NFASC_MZbiri_74b813c001.jpg" width="280" height="158" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Towards improved plastic solar cells" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/towards-improved-plastic-solar-cells"><span itemprop="headline">Towards improved plastic solar cells</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2022-12-05"> 12/05/2022 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2022-12-05"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Energy,</span><span class="cat">Advanced materials,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">IN1 TAS/Lagrange,</span><span class="cat">IN5,</span><span class="cat">SHARPER,</span><span class="cat">IN11,</span><span class="cat">France,</span><span class="cat">United Kingdom</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"><p>Neutron spectroscopy provides a range of tools to study the structural dynamics of semiconducting organic materials for novel solar cells with improved power conversion efficiency. </p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="Grimy windows could be harbouring toxic pollutants" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/grimy-windows-could-be-harbouring-toxic-pollutants"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/f/d/csm_2022-09-23-Copyright-Birmingham_4145ec60ac.jpg" width="280" height="208" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="Grimy windows could be harbouring toxic pollutants" href="/infos-presse-evenements/scientific-news/grimy-windows-could-be-harbouring-toxic-pollutants"><span itemprop="headline">Grimy windows could be harbouring toxic pollutants</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2022-09-22"> 09/22/2022 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2022-09-22"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">News,</span><span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Scientific news,</span><span class="cat">FIGARO,</span><span class="cat">United Kingdom</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article liste-actu-principale articletype-1" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="inner-principal row"><div class="col-md-3"><div class="news-img-wrap"><a title="ReMade@ARI | A European hub to develop materials for the circular economy" href="/infos-presse-evenements/remadeari-a-european-hub-to-develop-materials-for-the-circular-economy"><img src="/fileadmin/_processed_/d/3/csm_220831_New-materials-circular-economy_ede032f9af.jpg" width="280" height="184" alt="" title=""></a></div></div><div class="col-md-9"><div class="inner"><div class="header"><h2><a title="ReMade@ARI | A European hub to develop materials for the circular economy" href="/infos-presse-evenements/remadeari-a-european-hub-to-develop-materials-for-the-circular-economy"><span itemprop="headline">ReMade@ARI | A European hub to develop materials for the circular economy</span></a></h2></div><div class="date-categories"><span class="news-list-date"><time datetime="2022-09-01"> 09/01/2022 <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2022-09-01"></time></span><span class="wrap_cat"> - <span class="cat">News,</span><span class="cat">Environment,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Advanced Materials,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Agriculture & Food,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Construction Materials & Geotechnics,</span><span class="cat">Industry - Microelectronics,</span><span class="cat">European news</span></span></div><div class="teaser-text"><div itemprop="description"></div></div></div></div></div></div><ul class="f3-widget-paginator"><li class="page1 current"> 1 </li><li class="page2"><a href="/neutrons-for-society/environment/page/2">2</a></li><li class="arrowPaginate"><a href="/neutrons-for-society/environment/page/2"><button type="button" aria-label="Previous" role="button" class="arrow-next">next</button></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer" class="container-fluid hidden-print"><div class="container-max hidden-print"><div id="c166" class="frame frame-default frame-type-gridelements_pi1 frame-layout-0 "><div class="grid-container--2"><div class="row grid"><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-12"><div class="inner inner-33 first"><div id="c167" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textmedia frame-layout-0 "><div class="ce-textpic ce-left ce-intext ce-nowrap"><div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"><div class="ce-row"><div class="ce-column"><figure class="image"><img class="image-embed-item" title="logo ILL" alt="logo ILL" src="/fileadmin/user_upload/logo-ILL-footer.png" width="93" height="82"></figure></div></div></div><div class="ce-bodytext"><p>Institut Laue-Langevin - 71 avenue des Martyrs<br> CS 20156, 38042 GRENOBLE Cedex 9 - France</p><p>+ 33 (0)4 76 20 71 11</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"><div class="inner inner-33 middle"><div id="c168" class="frame frame-default frame-type-menu_piedpage frame-layout-0 "><ul><li><a href="/redirects/tools/site-map"> Site Map </a></li><li><a target="wwwarchive" href="https://wwwarchive.ill.fr"> Archives </a></li><li><a href="/redirects/tools/legal-information"> Legal information </a></li><li><button onclick="tarteaucitron.userInterface.openPanel();">Cookies</button></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"><div class="inner inner-33 last d-flex justify-content-end"><div id="c169" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0 "><ul><li data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/illgrenoble" title="Twitter" target="_blank"><i class="icon-twitter"></i></a></li><li data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="Linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/institut-laue-langevin" title="Linkedin" target="_blank"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i></a></li><li class="footer_intranet"><a href="https://intranet.ill.fr" title="Intranet" target="_blank">Intranet</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><a href="#0" class="cd-top">Top</a></footer></div><script src="/typo3conf/ext/solr/Resources/Public/JavaScript/JQuery/jquery.autocomplete.min.js?1642087880" type=""></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/solr/Resources/Public/JavaScript/suggest_controller.js?1642087880" type=""></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancybox/3.5.7/jquery.fancybox.min.js" type=""></script><script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js" type=""></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tether/1.4.7/js/tether.min.js" type=""></script><script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" type=""></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/powermail/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Libraries/parsley.min.js?1642087865"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/powermail/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Powermail/Tabs.min.js?1642087865"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/powermail/Resources/Public/JavaScript/Powermail/Form.min.js?1642087865"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_package/Resources/Public/JavaScript/basePackage.js?1642087845"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_package/Resources/Public/JavaScript/socialshareprivacy.min.js?1642087846"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_package/Resources/Public/JavaScript/modules/fbshare.js?1642087846"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_package/Resources/Public/JavaScript/modules/twitter.js?1642087846"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_package/Resources/Public/JavaScript/modules/linkedin.js?1642087846"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_package/Resources/Public/JavaScript/modules/mail.js?1642087846"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tether/1.4.0/js/tether.min.js"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/JavaScript/slick.min.js?1642087829"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/JavaScript/bootstrap.min.js?1642087829"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/JavaScript/scripts.js?1704790565"></script><script src="/typo3conf/ext/e_magineurs/ILL/Resources/Public/JavaScript/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.concat.min.js?1642087829"></script></body></html>