CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Benjamin Minge Duggar - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"bb45aa86-57d9-489d-8f18-f95ea4781574","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Benjamin_Minge_Duggar","wgTitle":"Benjamin Minge Duggar","wgCurRevisionId":1248963985,"wgRevisionId":1248963985,"wgArticleId":11220316,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata","Articles using Template Infobox person Wikidata","American botanists","People from Hale County, Alabama","American science writers","Auburn University alumni","Harvard University alumni","Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni","Cornell University faculty", "University of Missouri faculty","1872 births","1956 deaths","Washington University in St. Louis faculty","Plant physiologists","Washington University School of Medicine faculty"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Benjamin_Minge_Duggar","wgRelevantArticleId":11220316,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1609345","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready" };RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Benjamin Minge Duggar - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Benjamin_Minge_Duggar rootpage-Benjamin_Minge_Duggar skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Benjamin+Minge+Duggar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Benjamin+Minge+Duggar" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Benjamin+Minge+Duggar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Benjamin+Minge+Duggar" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Minge Duggar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بنيامين مينج دوغار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنيامين مينج دوغار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_M._Duggar" title="Benjamin M. Duggar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Benjamin M. Duggar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" title="Benjamin Minge Duggar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Benjamin Minge Duggar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="بنجامین مینج داگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنجامین مینج داگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" title="Benjamin Minge Duggar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Benjamin Minge Duggar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بنيامين مينج دوجار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنيامين مينج دوجار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" title="Benjamin Minge Duggar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Benjamin Minge Duggar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1609345#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&oldid=1248963985" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&id=1248963985&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBenjamin_Minge_Duggar"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBenjamin_Minge_Duggar"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1609345" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American plant physiologist (1872–1956)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Benjamin Minge Duggar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nativename" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September 1872 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345?uselang=en#P569" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 September 1956 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345?uselang=en#P570" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (aged 84)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345?uselang=en#P69" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Phytopathologist <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345?uselang=en#P106" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345?uselang=en#P108" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benjamin Minge Duggar</b> (September 1, 1872 – September 10, 1956) was an American plant physiologist.<sup id="cite_ref-Keitt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keitt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 72">: 72 </span></sup> Surprisingly, he is best remembered for his contribution to another discipline, through his discovery in 1945 of <a href="/wiki/Chlortetracycline" title="Chlortetracycline">chlortetracycline</a> (Aureomycin), the first of the tetracycline antibiotics, from a soil bacterium growing in allotment soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Malik_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benjamin Minge Duggar was born at <a href="/wiki/Gallion,_Alabama" title="Gallion, Alabama">Gallion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hale_County,_Alabama" title="Hale County, Alabama">Hale County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> on September 1, 1872. He studied at several Southern schools, including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a> (1887-1889), <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_University" title="Mississippi State University">Mississippi A & M College</a> (B.S., 1891), and <a href="/wiki/Auburn_University" title="Auburn University">Alabama Polytechnic Institute</a> (M.S., 1892); at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a> (Ph.D., 1898) and in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a specialist in <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, he held various positions in <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_experiment_station" title="Agricultural experiment station">experiment stations</a> and colleges until 1901, when he was appointed physiologist in the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Plant_Industry_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Plant Industry (United States)">Bureau of Plant Industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> of botany at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> from 1902 to 1907 and spent a sabbatical at institutions in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (1905-1906).<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1907 to 1912 Duggar held the <a href="/wiki/Chair_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair (academic)">chair</a> of plant physiology at Cornell University. In 1912 he became a research professor of plant physiology at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington University">Washington University</a>, working with the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">Missouri Botanical Garden</a> in St. Louis. From 1917 to 1919, he was acting professor of biological chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Washington University School of Medicine">Washington University School of Medicine</a>. In 1927 he left Washington University to become professor of botany at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duggar published many articles and books on a wide range of topics including <a href="/wiki/Mycology" title="Mycology">mycology</a>, mushroom growing, and plant physiology and pathology.<sup id="cite_ref-BMNAS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMNAS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote extensively on plant diseases including <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravenelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravenelia (page does not exist)">Ravenelia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rhizoctonia" title="Rhizoctonia">Rhizoctonia</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-BMNAS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMNAS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cotton root rot disease, crown gall, and particularly <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_virus" title="Tobacco mosaic virus">tobacco mosaic virus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His comprehensive American textbook on plant pathology <i>Fungous Diseases of Plants</i> (1909') became a standard text on the topic.<sup id="cite_ref-BMNAS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMNAS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was followed by the textbook <i>Plant Physiology</i> (1911)<sup id="cite_ref-BMNAS_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMNAS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After becoming an Emeritus Professor, he continued to carry out research. One project was with Lederle Laboratories, part of <a href="/wiki/American_Cyanamid" title="American Cyanamid">American Cyanamid</a>, looking for a treatment for malaria based on a species of <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">Rhododendron</a> which he found at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Botanical Gardens">New York Botanical Gardens</a>. Another project resulted in the discovery of <i>Streptomyces aureus n. sp.</i> a fungus producing a strong antibiotic. As a result of his work on <a href="/wiki/Chlortetracycline" title="Chlortetracycline">chlortetracycline</a> (Aureomycin), the first of the tetracycline antibiotics, he personally met with both the Pope and the Mikado of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duggar was vice president of the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Botanical Society of America">Botanical Society of America</a> in 1912 and 1914 and president in 1923. He also served as president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Plant_Physiologists" class="mw-redirect" title="American Society of Plant Physiologists">American Society of Plant Physiologists</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duggar died on September 10, 1956, in New Haven, Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-BMNAS_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMNAS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Backus_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Backus-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Keitt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keitt_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeitt1957" class="citation journal cs1">Keitt, G. W. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00275514.1957.12024660">"Benjamin Minge Duggar: 1872-1956"</a>. <i>Mycologia</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 434–438. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00275514.1957.12024660">10.1080/00275514.1957.12024660</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3755695">3755695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Minge+Duggar%3A+1872-1956&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=434-438&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00275514.1957.12024660&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3755695%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Keitt&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00275514.1957.12024660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphrey-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey1961" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey, Harry Baker (1961). <i>Makers of North American Botany</i>. Ronald Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-06810-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-06810-5"><bdi>978-0-471-06810-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Makers+of+North+American+Botany&rft.pub=Ronald+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-471-06810-5&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Harry+Baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malik-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Malik_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2012" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Neelima Anil (30 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s6uuSx7gsbkC&pg=PA125"><i>Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</i></a>. JP Medical Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5025-938-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5025-938-2"><bdi>978-93-5025-938-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Oral+and+Maxillofacial+Surgery&rft.pub=JP+Medical+Ltd&rft.date=2012-09-30&rft.isbn=978-93-5025-938-2&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Neelima+Anil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds6uuSx7gsbkC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1982" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, J C (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.py.20.090182.000341">"Pioneer Leaders in Plant Pathology: Benjamin Minge Duggar"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Phytopathology</i>. <b>20</b>: 33–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.py.20.090182.000341">10.1146/annurev.py.20.090182.000341</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Pioneer+Leaders+in+Plant+Pathology%3A+Benjamin+Minge+Duggar&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=33-39&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.py.20.090182.000341&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1146%252Fannurev.py.20.090182.000341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMNAS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BMNAS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMNAS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMNAS_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMNAS_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMNAS_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1958" class="citation book cs1">Walker, L. C. (1958). "Benjamin Minge Duggar 1872—1956". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/duggar-benjamin.pdf"><i>Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 113–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Minge+Duggar+1872%E2%80%941956&rft.btitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.pages=113-131&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=L.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fduggar-benjamin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuggar1915" class="citation book cs1">Duggar, Benjamin M. (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001505815"><i>Mushroom growing</i></a>. Orange Judd company; etc., etc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mushroom+growing&rft.pub=Orange+Judd+company%3B+etc.%2C+etc.&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Duggar&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001505815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuggar1909" class="citation book cs1">Duggar, Benjamin Minge (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009571020"><i>Fungous diseases of plants</i></a>. Ginn and company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fungous+diseases+of+plants&rft.pub=Ginn+and+company&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Duggar&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Minge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F009571020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuggar1920" class="citation book cs1">Duggar, Benjamin M. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001993476"><i>Plant physiology, with special reference to plant production</i></a>. Rural text-book series, ed. By L. H. Bailey. The Macmillan company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+physiology%2C+with+special+reference+to+plant+production&rft.series=Rural+text-book+series%2C+ed.+By+L.+H.+Bailey&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+company&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Duggar&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001993476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Backus-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Backus_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBackus1957" class="citation journal cs1">Backus, E. J. (1957). "Benjamin Minge Duggar". <i>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</i>. <b>84</b> (4): 308–310. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2482675">2482675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Club&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Minge+Duggar&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=308-310&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2482675%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Backus&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Minge+Duggar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Template:Presidents of the Botanical Society of America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Botanical Society of America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Botanical Society of America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Botanical Society of America">Botanical Society of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1894–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Trelease" title="William Trelease">William Trelease</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edwin_Bessey" title="Charles Edwin Bessey">Charles Edwin Bessey</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Merle_Coulter" title="John Merle Coulter">John Merle Coulter</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lord_Britton" title="Nathaniel Lord Britton">Nathaniel Lord Britton</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Marcus_Underwood" title="Lucien Marcus Underwood">Lucien Marcus Underwood</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln_Robinson" title="Benjamin Lincoln Robinson">Benjamin Lincoln Robinson</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Halsted" title="Byron Halsted">Byron Halsted</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Charles_Arthur" title="Joseph Charles Arthur">Joseph Charles Arthur</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Thomas_Galloway" title="Beverly Thomas Galloway">Beverly Thomas Galloway</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Reid_Barnes" title="Charles Reid Barnes">Charles Reid Barnes</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Almer_Harper" title="Robert Almer Harper">Robert Almer Harper</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ashbrook_Kellerman" title="William Ashbrook Kellerman">William Ashbrook Kellerman</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Sumner_Earle" title="Franklin Sumner Earle">Franklin Sumner Earle</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Atkinson" title="George Francis Atkinson">George Francis Atkinson</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Ganong" title="William Francis Ganong">William Francis Ganong</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Thaxter" title="Roland Thaxter">Roland Thaxter</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Frink_Smith" title="Erwin Frink Smith">Erwin Frink Smith</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gilson_Farlow" title="William Gilson Farlow">William Gilson Farlow</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Ralph_Jones" title="Lewis Ralph Jones">Lewis Ralph Jones</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton_Campbell" title="Douglas Houghton Campbell">Douglas Houghton Campbell</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Hitchcock" title="A. S. Hitchcock">A. S. Hitchcock</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Merle_Coulter" title="John Merle Coulter">John Merle Coulter</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Almer_Harper" title="Robert Almer Harper">Robert Almer Harper</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Newcombe" title="Frederick Charles Newcombe">Frederick Charles Newcombe</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trelease" title="William Trelease">William Trelease</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Charles_Arthur" title="Joseph Charles Arthur">Joseph Charles Arthur</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lord_Britton" title="Nathaniel Lord Britton">Nathaniel Lord Britton</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Elmer_Allen" title="Charles Elmer Allen">Charles Elmer Allen</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chandler_Cowles" title="Henry Chandler Cowles">Henry Chandler Cowles</a> (1922)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Minge Duggar</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chambers_Coker" title="William Chambers Coker">William Chambers Coker</a> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_R._Schramm" title="Jacob R. Schramm">Jacob R. Schramm</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hyde_Bailey" title="Liberty Hyde Bailey">Liberty Hyde Bailey</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Harris_Bartlett" title="Harley Harris Bartlett">Harley Harris Bartlett</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henry_Reginald_Buller" title="Arthur Henry Reginald Buller">Arthur Henry Reginald Buller</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Clay_Ferguson" title="Margaret Clay Ferguson">Margaret Clay Ferguson</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_W._Sharp" title="Lester W. Sharp">Lester W. Sharp</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Charles Joseph Chamberlain">Charles Joseph Chamberlain</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_James_Peirce" title="George James Peirce">George James Peirce</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Jacob_Kraus" title="Ezra Jacob Kraus">Ezra Jacob Kraus</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Merrill" class="mw-redirect" title="E. D. Merrill">E. D. Merrill</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aven_Nelson" title="Aven Nelson">Aven Nelson</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Stuart_Gager" title="C. Stuart Gager">C. Stuart Gager</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ware_Sinnott" title="Edmund Ware Sinnott">Edmund Ware Sinnott</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Johnson_Eames" title="Arthur Johnson Eames">Arthur Johnson Eames</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_McKay_Wiegand" title="Karl McKay Wiegand">Karl McKay Wiegand</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Transeau" title="Edgar Nelson Transeau">Edgar Nelson Transeau</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Theodore_Buchholz" title="John Theodore Buchholz">John Theodore Buchholz</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merritt_Lyndon_Fernald" title="Merritt Lyndon Fernald">Merritt Lyndon Fernald</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jacob_Robbins" title="William Jacob Robbins">William Jacob Robbins</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Morgan_Smith" title="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Widmer_Bailey" title="Irving Widmer Bailey">Irving Widmer Bailey</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Everett_Stevens" title="Neil Everett Stevens">Neil Everett Stevens</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Erskine_Cleland" title="Ralph Erskine Cleland">Ralph Erskine Cleland</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Gleason_(botanist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry A. Gleason (botanist)">Henry Allan Gleason</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivey_Foreman_Lewis" title="Ivey Foreman Lewis">Ivey Foreman Lewis</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Francis_Blakeslee" title="Albert Francis Blakeslee">Albert Francis Blakeslee</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Anderson" title="Edgar Anderson">Edgar Anderson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Wetmore" title="Ralph H. Wetmore">Ralph H. Wetmore</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriance_S._Foster" title="Adriance S. Foster">Adriance S. Foster</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Tippo" title="Oswald Tippo">Oswald Tippo</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Creighton" title="Harriet Creighton">Harriet Creighton</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sherman_Avery,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George Sherman Avery, Jr.">George Sherman Avery, Jr.</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Warmolt_Went" title="Frits Warmolt Went">Frits Warmolt Went</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Campbell_Steere" class="mw-redirect" title="William Campbell Steere">William Campbell Steere</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_V._Thimann" title="Kenneth V. Thimann">Kenneth V. Thimann</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Cheadle" title="Vernon Cheadle">Vernon Cheadle</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">G. Ledyard Stebbins</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_John_Alexopoulos" title="Constantine John Alexopoulos">Constantine John Alexopoulos</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Kramer" title="Paul J. Kramer">Paul J. Kramer</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_John_Sharp" title="Aaron John Sharp">Aaron John Sharp</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Charles_Bold" title="Harold Charles Bold">Harold Charles Bold</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Emerson_(botanist)" title="Ralph Emerson (botanist)">Ralph Emerson</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Galston" title="Arthur Galston">Arthur Galston</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Parker_Banks" title="Harlan Parker Banks">Harlan Parker Banks</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Constance" title="Lincoln Constance">Lincoln Constance</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Starr" title="Richard C. Starr">Richard C. Starr</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Heimsch" title="Charles Heimsch">Charles Heimsch</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cronquist" title="Arthur Cronquist">Arthur Cronquist</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Delevoryas" title="Theodore Delevoryas">Theodore Delevoryas</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Frances_Palser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Frances Palser (page does not exist)">Barbara Frances Palser</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Wagner" title="Warren H. Wagner">Warren H. Wagner</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_August_Jensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William August Jensen (page does not exist)">William August Jensen</a> ( 1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_George_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert George Baker">Herbert George Baker</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bixler_Heiser" title="Charles Bixler Heiser">Charles Bixler Heiser</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kern_Holmgren" title="Patricia Kern Holmgren">Patricia Kern Holmgren</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_M._Gifford,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest M. Gifford, Jr. (page does not exist)">Ernest M. Gifford, Jr.</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_D._Webster" title="Barbara D. Webster">Barbara D. Webster</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Esther_Mathias" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildred Esther Mathias">Mildred Esther Mathias</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Louis_Stern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Louis Stern (page does not exist)">William Louis Stern</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Franklin_Evert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Franklin Evert (page does not exist)">Ray Franklin Evert</a> (1986–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Cotter_Tucker" title="Shirley Cotter Tucker">Shirley Cotter Tucker</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Hardy_Eshbaugh" title="W. Hardy Eshbaugh">W. Hardy Eshbaugh</a> (1988–89)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leonard_Dilcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Leonard Dilcher (page does not exist)">David Leonard Dilcher</a> (1989–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_B._Simpson" title="Beryl B. Simpson">Beryl B. Simpson</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Louis_Culberson" title="William Louis Culberson">William Louis Culberson</a> (1991–92)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Joseph_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Joseph Anderson (page does not exist)">Gregory Joseph Anderson</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Webster" title="Grady Webster">Grady Webster</a> (1993–94)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_T._Horner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry T. Horner (page does not exist)">Harry T. Horner</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_A._Schaal" title="Barbara A. Schaal">Barbara A. Schaal</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Crawford_(botanist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Crawford (botanist) (page does not exist)">Daniel Crawford</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Dengler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Dengler (page does not exist)">Nancy Dengler</a> (1997–98)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_C._Baskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol C. Baskin (page does not exist)">Carol C. Baskin</a> (1998–99)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Soltis" title="Douglas E. Soltis">Douglas E. Soltis</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_G._Gensel" title="Patricia G. Gensel">Patricia G. Gensel</a> (2000–1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Jernstedt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judy Jernstedt (page does not exist)">Judy Jernstedt</a> (2001–2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_D._Russell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott D. Russell (page does not exist)">Scott D. Russell</a> (2002–3)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_E._Graham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda E. Graham (page does not exist)">Linda E. Graham</a> (2003–4)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_A._Snow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison A. Snow (page does not exist)">Allison A. Snow</a> (2004–5)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_L._Schneider_(botanist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward L. Schneider (botanist) (page does not exist)">Edward L. Schneider</a> (2005–6)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_H._Haufler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher H. Haufler (page does not exist)">Christopher H. Haufler</a> (2006–7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_S._Soltis" title="Pamela S. Soltis">Pamela S. Soltis</a> (2007–8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_J._Niklas" title="Karl J. Niklas">Karl J. Niklas</a> (2008–9)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kent_Holsinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kent Holsinger (page does not exist)">Kent Holsinger</a> (2009–10)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Skog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Skog (page does not exist)">Judith Skog</a> (2010–11)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_G._Weller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen G. Weller (page does not exist)">Stephen G. Weller</a> (2011–12)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Kellogg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Kellogg (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Kellogg</a> (2012–13)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamela_Diggle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamela Diggle (page does not exist)">Pamela Diggle</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Ranker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Ranker (page does not exist)">Tom Ranker</a> (2014–15)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Olmstead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Olmstead (page does not exist)">Richard Olmstead</a> (2015–16)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Uno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Uno (page does not exist)">Gordon Uno</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Rieseberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Loren Rieseberg">Loren Rieseberg</a> (2017–18)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Wolfe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Wolfe (page does not exist)">Andrea Wolfe</a> (2018–19)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Watson_(botanist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Watson (botanist) (page does not exist)">Linda Watson</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_S._Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia S. Jones (page does not exist)">Cynthia S. Jones</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Donoghue" title="Michael Donoghue">Michael Donoghue</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivian_Negron-Ortiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivian Negron-Ortiz (page does not exist)">Vivian Negron-Ortiz</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Molano-Flores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Molano-Flores (page does not exist)">Brenda Molano-Flores</a> (2023–24)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Xiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Xiang (page does not exist)">Jenny Xiang</a> (2024–2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609345#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083582456">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/13090282">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/208949/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtMtTdqR8YkGkYJVy4pfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117660728">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87136159">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p12992542X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007337659205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Duggar">International Plant Names Index</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=243488">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117660728.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117660728">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/136894453">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tf7t1s">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&oldid=1248963985">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&oldid=1248963985</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_botanists" title="Category:American botanists">American botanists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Hale_County,_Alabama" title="Category:People from Hale County, Alabama">People from Hale County, Alabama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_science_writers" title="Category:American science writers">American science writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Auburn_University_alumni" title="Category:Auburn University alumni">Auburn University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University_alumni" title="Category:Harvard University alumni">Harvard University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cornell_University_College_of_Agriculture_and_Life_Sciences_alumni" title="Category:Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni">Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cornell_University_faculty" title="Category:Cornell University faculty">Cornell University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Missouri_faculty" title="Category:University of Missouri faculty">University of Missouri faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1872_births" title="Category:1872 births">1872 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1956_deaths" title="Category:1956 deaths">1956 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Washington_University_in_St._Louis_faculty" title="Category:Washington University in St. Louis faculty">Washington University in St. Louis faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plant_physiologists" title="Category:Plant physiologists">Plant physiologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Washington_University_School_of_Medicine_faculty" title="Category:Washington University School of Medicine faculty">Washington University School of Medicine faculty</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_infoboxes_completely_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata">Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Template_Infobox_person_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles using Template Infobox person Wikidata">Articles using Template Infobox person Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 October 2024, at 13:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Minge_Duggar&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f58cd8b6-m9cq2","wgBackendResponseTime":182,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.537","walltime":"1.183","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3252,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":58855,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1094,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":49351,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1103.509 1 -total"," 51.96% 573.361 1 Template:Infobox_person/Wikidata"," 50.89% 561.563 1 Template:Infobox"," 15.94% 175.907 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.34% 158.246 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.26% 124.247 6 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 9.50% 104.871 1 Template:Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America"," 9.50% 104.793 3 Template:Cite_journal"," 7.65% 84.443 1 Template:Navbox"," 6.89% 75.993 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.346","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7208870,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-7f4f87b6ff-gx9ds","timestamp":"20241203103359","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Benjamin Minge Duggar","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1609345","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1609345","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-05-14T12:44:37Z","dateModified":"2024-10-02T13:08:05Z","headline":"American plant physiologist (1872-1956)"}</script> </body> </html>