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</ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hickman's_potentilla&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickman's potentilla">Hickman's potentilla</a>)</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><i><b>Potentilla hickmanii</b></i> (called <b>Hickman's potentilla</b> or <b>Hickman's cinquefoil</b>) is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endangered_species?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perennial_plant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herb">herb</a> of the rose family. This <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rare_species?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rare species">rare plant species</a> is found in a narrowly restricted range in two locations in coastal northern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/California?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="California">California</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monterey_County?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey County">Monterey County</a>, and in very small colonies in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Mateo_County?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="San Mateo County">San Mateo County</a>. This small wildflower, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> to western slopes of the outer coastal range along the Pacific Ocean coast, produces bright yellow blossoms through spring and summer.</p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Potentilla hickmanii</i></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Potentilla_hickmanii_(Hickman%27s_cinquefoil)_flower_(32031388533).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Potentilla_hickmanii_%28Hickman%27s_cinquefoil%29_flower_%2832031388533%29.jpg/220px-Potentilla_hickmanii_%28Hickman%27s_cinquefoil%29_flower_%2832031388533%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Potentilla_hickmanii_%2528Hickman%2527s_cinquefoil%2529_flower_%252832031388533%2529.jpg/330px-Potentilla_hickmanii_%2528Hickman%2527s_cinquefoil%2529_flower_%252832031388533%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Potentilla_hickmanii_%2528Hickman%2527s_cinquefoil%2529_flower_%252832031388533%2529.jpg/440px-Potentilla_hickmanii_%2528Hickman%2527s_cinquefoil%2529_flower_%252832031388533%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5298" data-file-height="3744"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"> <div style="text-align: center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservation_status?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div style="text-align: center"> <span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Status_TNC_G1.svg/220px-Status_TNC_G1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Status_TNC_G1.svg/330px-Status_TNC_G1.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Status_TNC_G1.svg/440px-Status_TNC_G1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64"></span></span><br> Critically Imperiled <small> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NatureServe_conservation_status?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div style="text-align: center"> <span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Status_ESA_LE.svg/220px-Status_ESA_LE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Status_ESA_LE.svg/330px-Status_ESA_LE.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Status_ESA_LE.svg/440px-Status_ESA_LE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64"></span></span><br><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endangered_species?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Endangered species">Endangered</a><small> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">ESA</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FR63_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FR63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plant">Plantae</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vascular_plant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flowering_plant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eudicots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosids?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Order:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Family:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosaceae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Genus:</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Potentilla"><i>Potentilla</i></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Species:</td> <td> <div style="display:inline" class="species"> <i><b>P. hickmanii</b></i> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Potentilla hickmanii</i></span></b><br> <div style="font-size: 85%;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alice_Eastwood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alice Eastwood">Eastw.</a>, 1900 </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>This species was formerly thought to be growing in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonoma_County?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonoma County">Sonoma County</a>, but that population has been recently reclassified as another species, <i>Potentilla uliginosa</i>, and is presumed extinct in that county.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>This plant, along with many other threatened species in the northern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/California_Floristic_Province?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="California Floristic Province">California Floristic Province</a>, has been designated as a species meriting protection by the U.S. government, state of California, local governments, and private conservation groups. These designations have led to blueprints for protection of Hickman's potentilla in the form of official endangerment classifications and a species <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endangered_Species_Recovery_Plan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Recovery Plan">recovery plan</a>, the latter promulgated by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Distribution_and_habitat"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Distribution and habitat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conservation_status"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Conservation status</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Updated_observations_and_conservation_status"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Updated observations and conservation status</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Potentilla_hickmanii&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Description" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Devilse.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Devilse.jpg/240px-Devilse.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1288"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Devilse.jpg/240px-Devilse.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Devilse.jpg/360px-Devilse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Devilse.jpg/480px-Devilse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i>P. hickmanii</i> is found on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montara_Mountain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montara Mountain">Montara Mountain</a> below 135 m in elevation, at the extreme east (right) of this image. </figcaption> </figure> <p><i>P. hickmanii</i> is a long-lived, rosetted, nonglandular flowering plant with a thick <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taproot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taproot">taproot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jepson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jepson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stem is prostrate, 5–25 centimetres (2.0–9.8 in) long.<sup id="cite_ref-Jepson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jepson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blooming occurs between April and August. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hypanthium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hypanthium">hypanthium</a> is 3–6 mm wide, with yellow obchordate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petal">petals</a> 6–11 mm in length. Up to 10 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inflorescence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inflorescence">inflorescences</a> may present in a single plant. Filaments are typically 1.5 to 4.0 mm in length, while <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anther?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">anthers</a> are only about 1.0 mm in size; moreover, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pistil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistil">pistils</a> generally number about 10 and the slender styles are about 2–3 mm long.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The somewhat subglabrous leaves are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinnate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnate">pinnately</a> compound into generally six paired, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palmate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmate">palmately</a> cleft <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leaflet_(botany)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leaflet (botany)">leaflets</a>. These basal leaves range from 3–17 centimetres (1.2–6.7 in) in length<sup id="cite_ref-Jepson_5-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jepson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with individual leaflets 2–8 mm long and about 2 mm wide.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Four to seven leaflets occur per side, in a separated or overlapped configuration. The leaflets are wedge-shaped, typically having three or four teeth (lobes) and originate from about halfway along the leaf stem. The smooth <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fruit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fruit">fruits</a> are about 2 mm in diameter and tan in color, looking like miniature watermelon seeds.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Potentilla_hickmanii&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg/190px-Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="1600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg/190px-Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg/285px-Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg/380px-Mossbeachnrsanvincentecreek.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Coastal habitat near the vicinity of Vicente Creek, Moss Beach </figcaption> </figure> <p><i>P. hickmanii</i> is currently known to occur in two coastal locations. The Federal Register documents colonies on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monterey_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monterey Peninsula">Monterey Peninsula</a> and at another area in coastal San Mateo County.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Monterey population is within the municipal boundaries of the city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monterey,_California?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a>, growing in a native grassland opening of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monterey_pine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey pine">Monterey pine</a> forest at an old summer camp site. Plantings have been made, as attempts to establish new colonies in Monterey County at two areas the Point Lobos State Reserve, but those plantings failed by the summer of 2011 from the invasion of European weed grasses, and by the plantings situated too far from where the plants could easily be monitored or managed, and by planting in one site that was too wet for the species to survive.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Another coastal colony was discovered in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moss_Beach,_California?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moss Beach, California">Moss Beach, California</a>, in 1933 in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wetland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wetland">wetland</a> area at the mouth of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Vicente_Creek_(San_Mateo_County)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Vicente Creek (San Mateo County)">San Vicente Creek</a>; this colony was presumed extinct by at least the 1970s. Another population in San Mateo County was discovered in 1995 on the south slopes above <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martini_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martini Creek">Martini Creek</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> quad reference Montara Mountain 3712254), on private land by biologists conducting surveys for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devil%27s_Slide_(California)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devil's Slide (California)">Devil's Slide</a> highway project.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all cases, the populations are found between 10 and 135 m above sea level. The habitat for this species includes native grassland meadow openings in pine forests, coastal bluff native perennial grasslands, and under pine trees in duff. The key to the habitat for this species is the decomposed granite substrate that lies directly under the very fine-grained grassland topsoil.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Potentilla_hickmanii&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg/200px-Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg/200px-Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg/300px-Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg/400px-Pebble_Beach_tree.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The famous Lone Cypress tree, located 2 km south of the last<i> P. hickmanii</i> population in Monterey County </figcaption> </figure> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monterey_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monterey Peninsula">Monterey Peninsula</a>, discovery site of <i>P. hickmanii</i>, is in a native grassland opening within the Monterey pine forest. The peninsula is influenced by a marine climate that is pronounced due to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Upwelling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upwelling">upwelling</a> of cool water from the Monterey submarine canyon. Rainfall is 40 to 50 cm per year, but summer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fog_drip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fog drip">fog drip</a> is a primary source of moisture for plants that would otherwise not be able to persist with such low <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a>. Some taxa, such as the coastal closed-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conifer_cone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conifer cone">cone</a> pines and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cupressus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cupressus">cypresses</a> are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relict_(biology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relict (biology)">relict</a> stands, e.g. species that once extended more widely in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesic_habitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesic habitat">mesic</a> climate of the late <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pleistocene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> period, but then retreated to small pockets of cooler and wetter conditions along the coast ranges during the hotter, drier early <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holocene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> period between 6000 and 2000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alice_Eastwood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alice Eastwood">Alice Eastwood</a> discovered <i>P. hickmanii</i> in 1900 on the Monterey Peninsula, a region then considered the fringe of civilization. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Big_Sur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a> wilderness lay just beyond, unpenetrated by any roads at that time. Eastwood, curator of botany at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/California_Academy_of_Sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="California Academy of Sciences">California Academy of Sciences</a> in San Francisco was a pioneer biologist in exploring this remote area. On an expedition to amass specimens of rare plants from this southern reach of Monterey County, she retrieved a specimen of this previously unrecorded plant and named this species after J. B. Hickman. Hickman was her guide on that collecting trip, and was the horticultural commissioner of Monterey County.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Conservation_status">Conservation status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Potentilla_hickmanii&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Conservation status" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>In 1973, the state of California recognized Hickman's potentilla as an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Endangered_species?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>. In the early to mid 1990s, a series of steps occurred that led to federal classification as an endangered species. Certain land development proposals came before the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monterey,_California?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monterey, California">city of Monterey</a> related to pine forest habitat area. In preparing an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environmental_impact_report?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact report">environmental impact report</a>, information on occurrences of Hickman's potentilla was published.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FR60_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FR60-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, in 1995, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (FWS) acted on this new information regarding a species that some thought extinct, and promulgated a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_notice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public notice">notice of intent</a> to classify the species as endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-FR60_13-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FR60-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1998, the FWS officially classified Hickman's potentilla as endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-FR63_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FR63-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the FWS nomination process, further colonies in San Mateo and Sonoma Counties became defined. This chain of events illustrates the role of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environmental_impact_statement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Environmental impact statement">environmental impact statement</a> in elucidating scientific information germane to the understanding of an entire species, beyond the intended role of analyzing effects on the physical environment of a specific project.</p> <p><i>P. hickmanii</i> continues to be pressured by urban development, especially on the Monterey Peninsula, with chief elements of golf courses and housing to support the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Population_growth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Population growth">expanding human population</a>. These pressures are partially mitigated by species protection and recovery plans, the latter of which are recognized by the county, local cities, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, and the state of California. However, the lack of any funding to implement any recovery plans causes the plans to only exist on paper, and the species is still in serious jeopardy without any annual action or recovery activities on the ground.</p> <p>The federal recovery plan (internationally called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biodiversity_action_plan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biodiversity action plan">biodiversity action plan</a>) is general in nature, calling for more natural-history study, population surveys, generalized protection, and a vague reference to new plantings. One of the best efforts to enhance the species may come from a program that is seemingly unaware of the species. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitzgerald_Marine_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fitzgerald Marine Reserve">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve</a> master plan calls for<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> natural vegetative enhancement of Vicente Creek (exact location of the 1933 colony), including removal of fill and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Debris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Debris">debris</a> from the creek and extirpation of invasive plants. A chief rationale for this plan is protection of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/California_red-legged_frog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="California red-legged frog">California red-legged frog</a>, also an endangered species.</p> <p>As a further measure of protection, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monterey_County,_California?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey County, California</a>, has explicitly included<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hickman's potentilla as a species to be protected via its local coastal program pursuant to California requirements. While the species is listed as federally and state endangered, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/California_Native_Plant_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="California Native Plant Society">California Native Plant Society</a> has set the further designation of "seriously endangered". This appellation is provided to any plant that has fewer than six occurrences, exists on less than 2000 acres (8 km<sup>2</sup>) of land area, or has fewer than 1000 known organisms. Hickman's potentilla satisfies the first criterion.</p> <p>The San Mateo County population occurs in small, scattered native-grassland sites on Montara Mountain and are currently threatened with extinction by the encroaching invasive European weed grasses such as <i>Brachypodium</i>, <i>Vulpia</i>, and <i>Holcus</i> species and two species of <i>Briza</i> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Briza_maxima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Briza maxima">rattlesnake grass</a>, which crowd out the plants. The annual weeds <i>Plantago</i> and flax and the perennial weeds cat's ears and Queen Anne's lace are also invading its habitat. Near one population, eight different weeds cover 45% of the area, and the seven other native plants of the native grassland community, make up 55% cover. Each year, all the weeds need to be cleared away at a sufficient distance from the <i>P. hickmanii</i> plants, and the area restored to as close to 100% native plant cover as possible, otherwise some of these populations could face extinction soon.</p> <p>An even more formidable challenge for the future of the San Mateo County populations will be the taller and more aggressive perennial exotic invasive grass, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phalaris_aquatica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phalaris aquatica">Harding grass</a> (<i>Phalaris</i>), growing 2 m tall and forming a solid stand on the next mountain ridge, only a few hundred meters from the two largest colonies; this nearby infestation has the appearance of a weed-tsunami, engulfing every native plant in its path, and a tiny 5-cm-tall plant does not have a chance without assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Plant counts for each <i>in situ</i> population for this species:</p> <ul> <li>Monterey County, Indian Village, Pebble Beach, between 1979 and 2008, the population varied between five and 35 plants, and a reference was made to outplanted <i>P. hickmanii</i> existing at this site in the 2009 FWS report.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the original population in 2011 is presumed extinct at this site and the existing plants may be the survivors from plantings of nursery-raised seedlings grown in potting soil. The nursery-grown origin of individual plants could be confirmed, by examining the roots and finding remains of potting soil around such plants. In winter, the plants that still have any potting soil around their roots may benefit by having the artificial soil removed and the plants replanted bare-rooted, as the potting soil could wick moisture from around the roots in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Monterey County, Eastwood collection, unable to locate site<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Monterey County, Pacific Grove near the reservoir on road to Cypress point, was last seen 1968, and is presumed extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Monterey County, Point Lobos State Reserve, experimental plantings at two sites, is presumed extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>San Mateo County, Montara Mountain, north of town of Montara, eight populations were found, counted, and mapped in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Population #1= 4 plants, Pop.#2=11 plants, Pop.#3=about 1,060 plants, Pop.#4=about 2,000 plants, Pop.#5=26 plants, Pop.#6=12 plants, Pop.#7=3 plants, Pop.#8=45 plants. UPDATE: By summer 2011, the species largest population #4, as well as #6, 7, and 8, were presumed extinct, as these populations were buried under a 2-m-tall, solid cover of exotic Harding grass. Population #3, that covering 30 by 230 m in 2008, had diminished to only 14 by 20 m, and only about 300 plants were observed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <p>San Mateo County, Moss Beach near Point Montara, presumed extinct, last seen in 1933<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Some <i>ex situ</i>plants may exist, grown in nurseries for research or study, for example, or at universities or botanical gardens, but those numbers are unknown.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Updated_observations_and_conservation_status">Updated observations and conservation status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Potentilla_hickmanii&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Updated observations and conservation status" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Update (2013) on populations in San Mateo County, Montara Mountain, north of town of Montara: Specific consistent counts of this species are difficult due to the low stature, extended flowering period, and difficult terrain, making year-to-year comparisons problematic. The 2013 surveys have clearly shown that population 4 still exists above the existing Harding grass invasion, with at least 500 plants found in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, hand weeding of the area around population during summer 2011 has significantly lowered the weed plant cover of the area, with the big rattlesnake grass (<i>Briza</i>) originally at 61% cover in 2011 is now down to 1% cover in 2014. The hillside of Harding grass where population 4 exists was mowed in summer 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Potentilla_hickmanii&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNatureServe2023" class="citation web cs1">NatureServe (7 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.959437/Potentilla_hickmanii">"<i>Potentilla hickmanii</i>"</a>. <i>NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer</i>. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NatureServe+Network+Biodiversity+Location+Data+accessed+through+NatureServe+Explorer&rft.atitle=Potentilla+hickmanii&rft.date=2023-04-07&rft.au=NatureServe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplorer.natureserve.org%2FTaxon%2FELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.959437%2FPotentilla_hickmanii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotentilla+hickmanii" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6343">"Hickman's potentilla (<i>Potentilla hickmanii</i>)"</a>. <i>Environmental Conservation Online System</i>. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Conservation+Online+System&rft.atitle=Hickman%27s+potentilla+%28Potentilla+hickmanii%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecos.fws.gov%2Fecp%2Fspecies%2F6343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotentilla+hickmanii" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FR63-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FR63_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FR63_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">63 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federal_Register?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federal Register">FR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/63-FR-43100">43100</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry C. Johnston and Barbara Ertter. (2010) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://brit.innerechoinc.com/fileadmin/Publications/JBotResInstTexas_4_1/13-18_ErtterJohnston_Potentilla_JBRIT_4_1__03.pdf"><i>Potentilla uliginosa</i> (Rosaceae: Rosoideae), a new presumed extinct species from Sonoma County, California</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002162122/http://brit.innerechoinc.com/fileadmin/Publications/JBotResInstTexas_4_1/13-18_ErtterJohnston_Potentilla_JBRIT_4_1__03.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-10-02 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas.</i> <b>4</b>(1):13-18</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Jepson-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jepson_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jepson_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jepson_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Jepson manual: higher plants of California</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid%3D39735"><i>Potentilla hickmanii</i> Eastw.</a> Hickman, JC, ed.., University of California Press, Berkeley, Ca. (1993). Retrieved 30 April 2023.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip A. Munz, <i>A California Flora</i>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_California?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of California">University of California</a> Press, Berkeley, Ca. (1973)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Notice of Availability of a Draft Recovery Plan for Five Plants From Monterey County, CA</i>, Federal Register: May 13, 2002, Volume 67, Number 92, Pages 32003-32004</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dremann, Craig Carlton. September 2011 Field notes, unpublished. Notebook 234, pages 12-14.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Devil's Slide Improvement Project, Draft Second Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Route 1 from Half Moon Bay Airport to Linda Mar Boulevard in Pacifica, San Mateo County, California</i>, Caltrans District 4, San Francisco, Ca. (1987)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.I. Millar, <i>Reconsidering the Conservation of Monterey Pine</i>. Fremontia 26(3):12–16 (1998)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Website: Alice Eastwood Correspondents, California Academy of Sciences Archives, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/library/special/BOXLISTS/Eastwood_Correspondents.htm">http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/library/special/BOXLISTS/Eastwood_Correspondents.htm</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.M. Hogan, G. Deghi, M. Papineau et al., <i>Environmental Impact Report for the Pebble Beach Properties project by Del Monte Forest</i>, Earth Metrics Inc. Prepared for the city of Monterey and State of California Clearinghouse (1992)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FR60-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FR60_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FR60_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federal_Register?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1995-08-02/html/95-18811.htm">"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Rule to Determine Five Plants and a Lizard from Monterey County, California, as Endangered or Threatened"</a> August 2, 1995 Volume 60, Number 148, Pages 39326-39337. Retrieved 30 April 2023.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Master Plan</i>, Brady Associates, County of San Mateo (2002)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Local Coastal Program</i>, Monterey County, California, September 2004</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dremann, Craig Carlton. June–August 2011. Field Notebook 233, pages 3, 5, 13-18, 30, unpublished.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USFWS January 2009. Potentilla hickmanii 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dremann, Craig Carlton. September 2011, Field Notebook 234, page 14-16, unpublished</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USFWS 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USFWS 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dremann, 2011 Field notes 234, pages 12-13, 17, unpublished.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kramer, Neal and Toni Corelli, April 2008. Montara Mountain Potentilla hickmanii Observations, unpublished CNDDB form.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dremann, Craig Carlton. 2011. Unpublished field notes, Notebook 235, page 5.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USFWS 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NPS. 2013.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hickman's_potentilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dremann, C. 2011, 2014 Potentilla hickmanii Vegetation transects</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span 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