CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Serial port - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"15bf6959-b0fa-4e7d-911f-c6687bad6258","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Serial_port","wgTitle":"Serial port","wgCurRevisionId":1255286845,"wgRevisionId":1255286845,"wgArticleId":77359,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from April 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles needing additional references from November 2021","All articles needing additional references","Commons category link from Wikidata","Computer connectors","Legacy hardware","Out-of-band management","Serial buses"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Serial_port","wgRelevantArticleId":77359,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q385390","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg/1200px-Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2219"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg/800px-Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1479"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg/640px-Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1183"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Serial port - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Serial_port rootpage-Serial_port skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Serial+port" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Serial+port" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Serial+port" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Serial+port" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hardware subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DTE_and_DCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DTE_and_DCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>DTE and DCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DTE_and_DCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Gender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Connectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinouts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinouts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Pinouts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinouts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_abstraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_abstraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Hardware abstraction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_abstraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_applications_for_serial_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_applications_for_serial_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Common applications for serial ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_applications_for_serial_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Settings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Settings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Settings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Settings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Speed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Speed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_bits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_bits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Data bits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_bits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Parity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stop_bits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stop_bits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Stop bits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stop_bits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conventional_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventional_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Conventional notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventional_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flow_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flow_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Flow control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flow_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Serial port</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie-poort" title="Serie-poort – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Serie-poort" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B0_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A" title="منفذ تسلسلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منفذ تسلسلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porzh_a-steud" title="Porzh a-steud – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Porzh a-steud" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_s%C3%A8rie" title="Port sèrie – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Port sèrie" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serielle_Schnittstelle" title="Serielle Schnittstelle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Serielle Schnittstelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rjestikport" title="Järjestikport – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Järjestikport" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_serie" title="Puerto serie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puerto serie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="درگاه سریال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه سریال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_serie" title="Porto serie – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Porto serie" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EB%A0%AC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="직렬 포트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="직렬 포트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יציאה טורית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יציאה טורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Тізбекті порт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тізбекті порт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virknes_piesl%C4%93gvieta" title="Virknes pieslēgvieta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Virknes pieslēgvieta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuoseklusis_prievadas" title="Nuoseklusis prievadas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nuoseklusis prievadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soros_port" title="Soros port – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Soros port" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="സീരിയൽ പോർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സീരിയൽ പോർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_bersiri" title="Port bersiri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Port bersiri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seri%C3%ABle_poort" title="Seriële poort – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Seriële poort" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="シリアルポート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シリアルポート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriell_port" title="Seriell port – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Seriell port" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COM1_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%9C2" title="COM1 да СОМ2 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="COM1 да СОМ2" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_szeregowy" title="Port szeregowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Port szeregowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_serial" title="Interface serial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Interface serial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_serial" title="Port serial – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Port serial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Последовательный порт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Последовательный порт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7" title="අනුක්‍රම තොට – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අනුක්‍රම තොට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_port" title="Serial port – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Serial port" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9riov%C3%BD_port" title="Sériový port – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sériový port" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serijska_vrata" title="Serijska vrata – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Serijska vrata" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Серијски порт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Серијски порт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serieport" title="Serieport – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Serieport" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="தொடர்க் குதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொடர்க் குதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seri_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1_noktas%C4%B1" title="Seri bağlantı noktası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seri bağlantı noktası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Послідовний порт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Послідовний порт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="سیریل پورٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیریل پورٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_n%E1%BB%91i_ti%E1%BA%BFp" title="Cổng nối tiếp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng nối tiếp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E8%A1%8C%E5%9F%A0" title="串行埠 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="串行埠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E8%A1%8C%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="串行端口 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="串行端口" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q385390#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Serial_port" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Serial_port" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Serial_port"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Serial_port"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Serial_port" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Serial_port" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&oldid=1255286845" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Serial_port&id=1255286845&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSerial_port"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSerial_port"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Serial_port&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Serial_port" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serial_Programming" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q385390" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Communication interface transmitting information sequentially</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serial_port_(9-pin).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg/170px-Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg/255px-Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg/340px-Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1847" data-file-height="3415" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Gender_of_connectors_and_fasteners" title="Gender of connectors and fasteners">male</a> <a href="/wiki/D-subminiature" title="D-subminiature">D-subminiature</a> connector used for an <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> serial port on an <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> computer along with the serial port symbol</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>serial port</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Serial_communication" title="Serial communication">serial communication</a> <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">interface</a> through which information transfers in or out sequentially one <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a> at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in contrast to a <a href="/wiki/Parallel_port" title="Parallel port">parallel port</a>, which communicates multiple bits simultaneously in <a href="/wiki/Parallel_communication" title="Parallel communication">parallel</a>. Throughout most of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_personal_computers" title="History of personal computers">history of personal computers</a>, data has been transferred through serial ports to devices such as <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">terminals</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">peripherals</a>, and directly between computers. </p><p>While interfaces such as <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>, <a href="/wiki/FireWire" class="mw-redirect" title="FireWire">FireWire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> also send data as a serial <a href="/wiki/Stream_(computing)" title="Stream (computing)">stream</a>, the term <i>serial port</i> usually denotes <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a> compliant with <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> or a related standard, such as <a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a> or <a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a>. </p><p>Modern consumer <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> (PCs) have largely replaced serial ports with higher-speed standards, primarily USB. However, serial ports are still frequently used in applications demanding simple, low-speed interfaces, such as industrial automation systems, scientific instruments, <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale">point of sale</a> systems and some industrial and consumer products. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a> computers may use a serial port as a control console for diagnostics, while <a href="/wiki/Networking_hardware" title="Networking hardware">networking hardware</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">switches</a>) commonly use serial console ports for configuration, diagnostics, and emergency maintenance access. To interface with these and other devices, <a href="/wiki/USB-to-serial_converter" class="mw-redirect" title="USB-to-serial converter">USB-to-serial converters</a> can quickly and easily add a serial port to a modern PC. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Serial_port" title="Special:EditPage/Serial port">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Modern devices use an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> called a <a href="/wiki/UART" class="mw-redirect" title="UART">UART</a> to implement a serial port. This IC converts characters to and from <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_serial" class="mw-redirect" title="Asynchronous serial">asynchronous serial</a> form, implementing the timing and framing of data specified by the serial protocol in hardware. The IBM PC implements its serial ports, when present, with one or more UARTs. </p><p>Very low-cost systems, such as some early <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a>, would instead use the <a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a> to send the data through an <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">output</a> pin, using the <a href="/wiki/Bit_banging" title="Bit banging">bit banging</a> technique. These early home computers often had proprietary serial ports with pinouts and voltage levels incompatible with RS-232. </p><p>Before <a href="/wiki/Large-scale_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Large-scale integration">large-scale integration</a> (LSI) made UARTs common, serial ports were commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Mainframe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainframe">mainframes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">minicomputers</a>, which would have multiple small-scale integrated circuits to implement shift registers, logic gates, counters, and all the other logic needed. As PCs evolved serial ports were included in the <a href="/wiki/Super_I/O" title="Super I/O">Super I/O</a> chip and then in the <a href="/wiki/Chipset" title="Chipset">chipset</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_PC_Serial_Card.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An IBM PC serial card with a 25-pin connector (obsolete 8-bit ISA card)"><img alt="An IBM PC serial card with a 25-pin connector (obsolete 8-bit ISA card)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/IBM_PC_Serial_Card.jpg/180px-IBM_PC_Serial_Card.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/IBM_PC_Serial_Card.jpg/270px-IBM_PC_Serial_Card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/IBM_PC_Serial_Card.jpg/360px-IBM_PC_Serial_Card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> serial card with a 25-pin connector (obsolete 8-bit <a href="/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a> card)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RS232_PCI-E.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A PCI Express ×1 card with one serial port"><img alt="A PCI Express ×1 card with one serial port" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RS232_PCI-E.jpg/180px-RS232_PCI-E.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RS232_PCI-E.jpg/270px-RS232_PCI-E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RS232_PCI-E.jpg/360px-RS232_PCI-E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="1104" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> ×1 card with one serial port</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Four-port_serial_card_with_an_octopus_cable.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A four-port serial (RS-232) PCI Express ×1 expansion card with an octopus cable that breaks the card's DC-37 connector into four standard DE-9 connectors"><img alt="A four-port serial (RS-232) PCI Express ×1 expansion card with an octopus cable that breaks the card's DC-37 connector into four standard DE-9 connectors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Four-port_serial_card_with_an_octopus_cable.jpg/180px-Four-port_serial_card_with_an_octopus_cable.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Four-port_serial_card_with_an_octopus_cable.jpg/270px-Four-port_serial_card_with_an_octopus_cable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Four-port_serial_card_with_an_octopus_cable.jpg/360px-Four-port_serial_card_with_an_octopus_cable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A four-port serial (RS-232) PCI Express ×1 <a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">expansion card</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Octopus_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Octopus cable">octopus cable</a> that breaks the card's DC-37 connector into four standard DE-9 connectors</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FTDI_USB_SERIAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A converter from USB to an RS-232 compatible serial port—more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host system software and a built-in processor to emulate the functions of the IBM XT compatible serial port hardware."><img alt="A converter from USB to an RS-232 compatible serial port—more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host system software and a built-in processor to emulate the functions of the IBM XT compatible serial port hardware." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FTDI_USB_SERIAL.jpg/180px-FTDI_USB_SERIAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FTDI_USB_SERIAL.jpg/270px-FTDI_USB_SERIAL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FTDI_USB_SERIAL.jpg/360px-FTDI_USB_SERIAL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A converter from USB to an RS-232 compatible serial port—more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host system software and a built-in processor to emulate the functions of the <a href="/wiki/IBM_XT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM XT">IBM XT</a> compatible serial port hardware.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UART_to_USB_adapter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="UART to USB adapter"><img alt="UART to USB adapter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UART_to_USB_adapter.jpg/180px-UART_to_USB_adapter.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UART_to_USB_adapter.jpg/270px-UART_to_USB_adapter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UART_to_USB_adapter.jpg/360px-UART_to_USB_adapter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">UART to USB adapter</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DTE_and_DCE">DTE and DCE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: DTE and DCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The individual signals on a serial port are unidirectional and when connecting two devices, the outputs of one device must be connected to the inputs of the other. Devices are divided into two categories: <i><a href="/wiki/Data_terminal_equipment" title="Data terminal equipment">data terminal equipment</a></i> (DTE) and <i><a href="/wiki/Data_circuit-terminating_equipment" title="Data circuit-terminating equipment">data circuit-terminating equipment</a></i> (DCE). A line that is an output on a DTE device is an input on a DCE device and vice versa, so a DCE device can be connected to a DTE device with a straight wired cable, in which each pin on one end goes to the same numbered pin on the other end. </p><p>Conventionally, computers and terminals are DTE, while peripherals such as <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modems</a> are DCE. If it is necessary to connect two DTE (or DCE) devices together, a cable with reversed TX and RX lines, known as a <a href="/wiki/Crossover_cable" title="Crossover cable">cross-over</a>, roll-over or <a href="/wiki/Null_modem" title="Null modem">null modem</a> cable must be used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender">Gender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally, serial port connectors are <a href="/wiki/Gender_of_connectors_and_fasteners" title="Gender of connectors and fasteners">gendered</a>, only allowing connectors to mate with a connector of the opposite gender. With <a href="/wiki/D-subminiature" title="D-subminiature">D-subminiature</a> connectors, the male connectors have protruding pins, and female connectors have corresponding round sockets.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either type of connector can be mounted on equipment or a panel; or terminate a cable. </p><p>Connectors mounted on DTE are likely to be male, and those mounted on DCE are likely to be female (with the cable connectors being the opposite). However, this is far from universal; for instance, most serial printers have a female DB25 connector, but they are DTEs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this circumstance, the appropriately gendered connectors on the cable or a <a href="/wiki/Gender_changer" title="Gender changer">gender changer</a> can be used to correct the mismatch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connectors">Connectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Connectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only connector specified in the original RS-232 standard was the 25-pin D-subminiature, however, many other connectors have been used to save money or save on physical space, among other reasons. In particular, since many devices do not use all of the 20 signals that are defined by the standard, connectors with fewer pins are often used. While specific examples follow, countless other connectors have been used for RS-232 connections. </p><p>The 9-pin <a href="/wiki/D-subminiature" title="D-subminiature">DE-9</a> connector has been used by most IBM-compatible PCs since the Serial/Parallel Adapter option for the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal Computer/AT">PC-AT</a>, where the 9-pin connector allowed a serial and parallel port to fit on the same card.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This connector has been standardized for RS-232 as <a href="/wiki/TIA-574" class="mw-redirect" title="TIA-574">TIA-574</a>. </p><p>Some miniaturized electronics, particularly <a href="/wiki/Graphing_calculator" title="Graphing calculator">graphing calculators</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hand-held <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Two-way_radio" title="Two-way radio">two-way radio</a> equipment,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have serial ports using a <a href="/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">phone connector</a>, usually the smaller 2.5 or 3.5 mm connectors and the most basic 3-wire interface—transmit, receive and ground. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CiscoConsoleCable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/CiscoConsoleCable.jpg/220px-CiscoConsoleCable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/CiscoConsoleCable.jpg/330px-CiscoConsoleCable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/CiscoConsoleCable.jpg/440px-CiscoConsoleCable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A Cisco rollover cable using the 8P8C Yost standard</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/8P8C" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C">8P8C</a> connectors are also used in many devices. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=EIA/TIA-561&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EIA/TIA-561 (page does not exist)">EIA/TIA-561</a> standard defines a pinout using this connector, while the <a href="/wiki/Rollover_cable" title="Rollover cable">rollover cable</a> (or Yost standard) is commonly used on <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> computers and network devices, such as equipment from <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mac_lc_printer_modem_ports.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mac_lc_printer_modem_ports.jpg/110px-Mac_lc_printer_modem_ports.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mac_lc_printer_modem_ports.jpg/165px-Mac_lc_printer_modem_ports.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mac_lc_printer_modem_ports.jpg/220px-Mac_lc_printer_modem_ports.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1549" /></a><figcaption>Pair of female <a href="/wiki/Mini_DIN-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini DIN-8">Mini DIN-8</a> connectors used for <a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a> serial ports on a <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">Macintosh LC</a> computer</figcaption></figure> <p>Many models of <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> favor the related RS-422 standard, mostly using circular <a href="/wiki/Mini-DIN_connector" title="Mini-DIN connector">mini-DIN connectors</a>. The Macintosh included a standard set of two ports for connection to a printer and a modem, but some <a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> laptops had only one combined port to save space.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/10P10C" class="mw-redirect" title="10P10C">10P10C</a> connectors can be found on some devices.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Instruments_2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Instruments_2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another common connector is a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="20 !">10 × 2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pin_header" title="Pin header">pin header</a> common on motherboards and add-in cards which is usually converted via a <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_cable" title="Ribbon cable">ribbon cable</a> to the more standard 9-pin DE-9 connector (and frequently mounted on a free slot plate or other part of the housing).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinouts">Pinouts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pinouts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table lists commonly used RS-232 signals and pin assignments:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Signal</th> <th colspan="2">Direction</th> <th colspan="11">Connector pin </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Name</th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.24" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.24">V.24</a> circuit</th> <th rowspan="2">Abbreviation</th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Data_terminal_equipment" title="Data terminal equipment">DTE</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Data_circuit-terminating_equipment" title="Data circuit-terminating equipment">DCE</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/DB-25" class="mw-redirect" title="DB-25">DB-25</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DE-9" class="mw-redirect" title="DE-9">DE-9</a></span> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/TIA-574" class="mw-redirect" title="TIA-574">TIA-574</a>)</span></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Modified_Modular_Jack" title="Modified Modular Jack">MMJ</a></th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/8P8C" class="mw-redirect" title="8P8C">8P8C</a> ("RJ45")</th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/10P10C" class="mw-redirect" title="10P10C">10P10C</a> ("RJ50") </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=EIA/TIA-561&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EIA/TIA-561 (page does not exist)">EIA/TIA-561</a></th> <th>Yost (DTE)<sup id="cite_ref-Yost_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yost-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Yost (DCE)<sup id="cite_ref-Yost_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yost-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Cyclades</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Digi_International" title="Digi International">Digi</a> (ALTPIN option)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/National_Instruments" title="National Instruments">National Instruments</a><sup id="cite_ref-National_Instruments_2013_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Instruments_2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Cyclades</th> <th>Digi </th></tr> <tr> <td>Transmitted Data</td> <td>103</td> <td>TxD </td> <td>Out</td> <td>In</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Received Data</td> <td>104</td> <td>RxD </td> <td>In</td> <td>Out</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>7</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Data Terminal Ready</td> <td>108/2</td> <td>DTR </td> <td>Out</td> <td>In</td> <td>20</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Data Carrier Detect</td> <td>109</td> <td>DCD </td> <td>In</td> <td>Out</td> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>2</td> <td rowspan="2">2</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>8</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Data Set Ready</td> <td>107</td> <td>DSR </td> <td>In</td> <td>Out</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td rowspan="2">1</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>8</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ring Indicator</td> <td>125</td> <td>RI </td> <td>In</td> <td>Out</td> <td>22</td> <td>9</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Request To Send</td> <td>105</td> <td>RTS </td> <td>Out</td> <td>In</td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clear To Send</td> <td>106</td> <td>CTS </td> <td>In</td> <td>Out</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>7</td> <td>1</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Signal Ground</td> <td>102</td> <td>G </td> <td colspan="2">Common</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td>3, 4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4, 5</td> <td>4, 5</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Protective Ground</td> <td>101</td> <td>PG </td> <td colspan="2">Common</td> <td>1</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>3</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>1</td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Signal Ground</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Single-ended_signaling" title="Single-ended signaling">common return</a> for the other connections; it appears on two pins in the Yost standard but is the same signal. The DB-25 connector includes a second <i>Protective Ground</i> on pin 1, which is intended to be connected by each device to its own frame ground or similar. Connecting Protective Ground to Signal Ground is a common practice but not recommended. </p><p>Note that EIA/TIA 561 combines DSR and RI,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Yost standard combines DSR and DCD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware_abstraction">Hardware abstraction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hardware abstraction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operating systems usually create symbolic names for the serial ports of a computer, rather than requiring programs to refer to them by hardware address. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems usually label the serial port devices <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">/dev/tty*</span>. <i>TTY</i> is a common trademark-free abbreviation for <i><a href="/wiki/Teletype" class="mw-redirect" title="Teletype">teletype</a></i>, a device commonly attached to early computers' serial ports, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">*</span> represents a string identifying the specific port; the syntax of that string depends on the operating system and the device. On <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/8250" class="mw-redirect" title="8250">8250</a>/<a href="/wiki/16550_UART" title="16550 UART">16550 UART</a> hardware serial ports are named <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/dev/ttyS*</span>, USB adapters appear as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/dev/ttyUSB*</span> and various types of virtual serial ports do not necessarily have names starting with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">tty</span>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> environments refer to serial ports as <a href="/wiki/COM_(hardware_interface)" title="COM (hardware interface)">COM</a> ports: COM1, COM2,..etc.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_applications_for_serial_ports">Common applications for serial ports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Common applications for serial ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This list includes some of the more common devices that are connected to the serial port on a PC. Some of these such as modems and serial mice are falling into disuse while others are readily available. Serial ports are very common on most types of <a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">microcontroller</a>, where they can be used to communicate with a PC or other serial devices. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Dial-up <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modems</a></li> <li>Configuration and management of <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">networking</a> equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">switches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">firewalls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Load_balancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Load balancer">load balancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> receivers (typically <a href="/wiki/NMEA_0183" title="NMEA 0183">NMEA 0183</a> at <span class="nowrap">4,800 bit/s</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_code_scanner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar code scanner">Bar code scanners</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale">point of sale</a> devices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> and <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> text displays</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phones</a>, low-speed satellite modems and other satellite based transceiver devices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-panel_display" title="Flat-panel display">Flat-panel displays</a> to control screen functions by external computer, other AV components or remotes</li> <li>Test and measuring equipment such as digital <a href="/wiki/Multimeter" title="Multimeter">multimeters</a> and weighing systems</li> <li>Updating <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> on various consumer devices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNC_controller" class="mw-redirect" title="CNC controller">CNC controllers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply" title="Uninterruptible power supply">Uninterruptible power supply</a> management and status reporting</li> <li>Stenography or <a href="/wiki/Stenotype" title="Stenotype">Stenotype</a> machines</li> <li>Software debuggers that run on a second computer</li> <li>Console or debugger interface to <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor_development_board" title="Microprocessor development board">microprocessor development or evaluation boards</a></li> <li>Industrial field buses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">Printers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">Computer terminal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teletype" class="mw-redirect" title="Teletype">teletype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a> (Macintosh <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a> using RS-422 at <span class="nowrap">230.4 kbit/s</span>)</li> <li>Serial mouse</li></ul> </div> <p>Since the control signals for a serial port can be driven by any <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal" title="Digital signal">digital signal</a>, some applications used the control lines of a serial port to monitor external devices, without exchanging serial data. A common commercial application of this principle was for some models of <a href="/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply" title="Uninterruptible power supply">uninterruptible power supply</a> which used the control lines to signal loss of power, low battery, and other status information. At least some <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> training software used a code key connected to the serial port to simulate actual code use; the status bits of the serial port could be sampled very rapidly and at predictable times, making it possible for the software to decipher Morse code. </p><p>Serial computer mice may draw their operating power from the received data or control signals.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settings">Settings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Settings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 33%;"> <caption>Common serial port speeds </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="max-width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">Bit rate (bit/s)</a></th> <th style="max-width:5em">Time per bit (μs)</th> <th style="max-width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> predefined serial port speed<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-winbase.h_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winbase.h-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Common applications </th></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td>13333.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>110</td> <td>9090.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_101_modem" title="Bell 101 modem">Bell 101 modem</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>134.5</td> <td>7434.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_2741" title="IBM 2741">IBM 2741</a> terminal </td></tr> <tr> <td>150</td> <td>6666.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>3333.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_103_modem" title="Bell 103 modem">Bell 103 modem</a> or <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.21" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.21">V.21</a> modem </td></tr> <tr> <td>600</td> <td>1666.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,200</td> <td>833.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_202" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell 202">Bell 202</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_212A" title="Bell 212A">Bell 212A</a>, or <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.22" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.22">V.22</a> modem </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,800</td> <td>555.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2,400</td> <td>416.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/V.22bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.22bis">V.22bis</a> modem </td></tr> <tr> <td>4,800</td> <td>208.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/V.27ter" class="mw-redirect" title="V.27ter">V.27ter</a> modem </td></tr> <tr> <td>7,200</td> <td>138.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9,600</td> <td>104.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.32" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.32">V.32</a> modem </td></tr> <tr> <td>14,400</td> <td>69.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/V.32bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.32bis">V.32bis</a> modem </td></tr> <tr> <td>19,200</td> <td>52.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a> serial </td></tr> <tr> <td>31,250</td> <td>32</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> port </td></tr> <tr> <td>38,400</td> <td>26.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>56,000</td> <td>17.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.90" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.90">V.90</a>/<a href="/wiki/V.92" class="mw-redirect" title="V.92">V.92</a> modem </td></tr> <tr> <td>57,600</td> <td>17.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/V.32bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.32bis">V.32bis</a> modem with <a href="/wiki/V.42bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.42bis">V.42bis</a> compression </td></tr> <tr> <td>76,800</td> <td>13.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><a href="/wiki/BACnet" title="BACnet">BACnet</a> MS/TP networks<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>115,200</td> <td>8.68</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.34" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.34">V.34</a> modem with <a href="/wiki/V.42bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.42bis">V.42bis</a> compression, low cost serial <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.90" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.90">V.90</a>/<a href="/wiki/V.92" class="mw-redirect" title="V.92">V.92</a> modem with <a href="/wiki/V.42bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.42bis">V.42bis</a> or <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.44" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.44">V.44</a> compression </td></tr> <tr> <td>128,000</td> <td>7.81</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basic_Rate_Interface" title="Basic Rate Interface">Basic Rate Interface</a> <a href="/wiki/ISDN" title="ISDN">ISDN</a> <a href="/wiki/Terminal_adapter" title="Terminal adapter">terminal adapter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>230,400</td> <td>4.34</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Econet" title="Econet">Econet</a>, high end serial <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.90" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.90">V.90</a>/<a href="/wiki/V.92" class="mw-redirect" title="V.92">V.92</a> modem with <a href="/wiki/V.42bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.42bis">V.42bis</a> or <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.44" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-T V.44">V.44</a> compression<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>250,000</td> <td>4.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><a href="/wiki/DMX512" title="DMX512">DMX512</a>, stage lighting and effects network </td></tr> <tr> <td>256,000</td> <td>3.91</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Serial standards provide for many different operating speeds as well as adjustments to the protocol to account for different operating conditions. The most well-known options are speed, number of data bits per character, parity, and number of stop bits per character. </p><p>In modern serial ports using a UART integrated circuit, all these settings can be software-controlled. Hardware from the 1980s and earlier may require setting switches or jumpers on a circuit board. </p><p>The configuration for serial ports designed to be connected to a PC has become a de facto standard, usually stated as <a href="/wiki/8-N-1" title="8-N-1">9600/8-N-1</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speed">Speed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Speed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Serial ports use two-level (binary) signaling, so the data rate in bits per second is equal to the symbol rate in <a href="/wiki/Baud" title="Baud">baud</a>. The total speed includes bits for framing (stop bits, parity, etc.) and so the effective data rate is lower than the bit transmission rate. For example, with <a href="/wiki/8-N-1" title="8-N-1">8-N-1</a> character framing, only 80% of the bits are available for data; for every eight bits of data, two more framing bits are sent. </p><p>A standard series of rates is based on multiples of the rates for electromechanical <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinters</a>; some serial ports allow many arbitrary rates to be selected, but the speeds on both sides of the connection must match for data to be received correctly. Bit rates commonly supported include 75, 110, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200 bit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-winbase.h_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winbase.h-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these standard modem baud rates are multiples of either 1.2 kbps (e.g., 19200, 38400, 76800) or 0.9 kbps (e.g., 57600, 115200).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">Crystal oscillators</a> with a frequency of 1.843200 MHz are sold specifically for this purpose. This is 16 times the fastest bit rate, and the serial port circuit can easily divide this down to lower frequencies as required. </p><p>The capability to set a bit rate does not imply that a working connection will result. Not all bit rates are possible with all serial ports. Some special-purpose protocols such as <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> for musical instrument control, use serial data rates other than the teleprinter standards. Some serial port implementations can automatically choose a bit rate by observing what a connected device is sending and synchronizing to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_bits">Data bits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Data bits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of data bits in each character can be 5 (for <a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot code</a>), 6 (rarely used), 7 (for true <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>), 8 (for most kinds of data, as this size matches the size of a <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a>), or 9 (rarely used). 8 data bits are almost universally used in newer applications. 5 or 7 bits generally only make sense with older equipment such as teleprinters. </p><p>Most serial communications designs send the data bits within each byte <a href="/wiki/Least_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Least significant bit">least significant bit</a> first. Also possible, but rarely used, is <a href="/wiki/Most_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Most significant bit">most significant bit</a> first; this was used, for example, by the <a href="/wiki/IBM_2741" title="IBM 2741">IBM 2741</a> printing terminal. The order of bits is not usually configurable within the serial port interface but is defined by the host system. To communicate with systems that require a different bit ordering than the local default, local software can re-order the bits within each byte just before sending and just after receiving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parity">Parity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parity_bit" title="Parity bit">Parity bit</a></div> <p><i>Parity</i> is a method of detecting errors in transmission. When parity is used with a serial port, an extra data bit is sent with each data character, arranged so that the number of 1 bits in each character, including the parity bit, is always odd or always even. If a byte is received with the wrong number of 1s, then it must have been corrupted. Correct parity does not necessarily indicate absence of corruption as a corrupted transmission with an even number of errors will pass the parity check. A single parity bit does not allow implementation of <a href="/wiki/Error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Error correction">error correction</a> on each character, and <a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">communication protocols</a> working over serial data links will typically have higher-level mechanisms to ensure data validity and request retransmission of data that has been incorrectly received. </p><p>The parity bit in each character can be set to one of the following: </p> <ul><li><b>None (N)</b> means that no parity bit is sent and the transmission is shortened.</li> <li><b>Odd (O)</b> means that the parity bit is set so that the number of 1 bits is odd.</li> <li><b>Even (E)</b> means that the parity bit is set so that the number of 1 bits is even.</li> <li><b>Mark (M)</b> parity means that the parity bit is always set to the mark signal condition (1 bit value).</li> <li><b>Space (S)</b> parity always sends the parity bit in the space signal condition (0 bit value).</li></ul> <p>Aside from uncommon applications that use the last bit (usually the 9th) for some form of addressing or special signaling, mark or space parity is uncommon, as it adds no error detection information. </p><p>Odd parity is more useful than even parity since it ensures that at least one state transition occurs in each character, which makes it more reliable at detecting errors like those that could be caused by serial port speed mismatches. The most common parity setting, however, is <i>none</i>, with error detection handled by a communication protocol. </p><p>To allow detection of messages damaged by <a href="/wiki/Line_noise" class="mw-redirect" title="Line noise">line noise</a>, electromechanical teleprinters were arranged to print a special character when received data contained a parity error. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stop_bits">Stop bits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Stop bits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stop bits sent at the end of every character allow the receiving signal hardware to detect the end of a character and to resynchronize with the character stream. Electronic devices usually use one stop bit. If slow electromechanical <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinters</a> are used, one-and-one half or two stop bits may be required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventional_notation">Conventional notation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Conventional notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The data/parity/stop (D/P/S) conventional notation specifies the framing of a serial connection. The most common usage on microcomputers is 8/N/1 (8N1). This specifies 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit. In this notation, the parity bit is not included in the data bits. 7/E/1 (7E1) means that an even parity bit is added to the 7 data bits for a total of 8 bits between the start and stop bits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flow_control">Flow control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Flow control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Flow_control_(data)" title="Flow control (data)">Flow control</a> is used in circumstances where a transmitter might be able to send data faster than the receiver is able to process it. To cope with this, serial lines often incorporate a <a href="/wiki/Handshake_(computing)" title="Handshake (computing)">handshaking</a> method. There are <i>hardware</i> and <i>software</i> handshaking methods. </p><p><b>Hardware handshaking</b> is done with extra signals, often the RS-232 RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR signal circuits. RTS and CTS are used to control data flow, signaling, for instance, when a buffer is almost full. Per the RS-232 standard and its successors, DTR and DSR are used to signal that equipment is present and powered up so are usually asserted at all times. However, non-standard implementations exist, for example, printers that use DTR as flow control. </p><p><b>Software handshaking</b> is done for example with <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> control characters <a href="/wiki/XON/XOFF" class="mw-redirect" title="XON/XOFF">XON/XOFF</a> to control the flow of data. The XON and XOFF characters are sent by the receiver to the sender to control when the sender will send data, that is, these characters go in the opposite direction to the data being sent. The system starts in the <i>sending allowed</i> state. When the receiver's buffers approach capacity, the receiver sends the XOFF character to tell the sender to stop sending data. Later, after the receiver has emptied its buffers, it sends an XON character to tell the sender to resume transmission. It is an example of <a href="/wiki/In-band_signaling" title="In-band signaling">in-band signaling</a>, where control information is sent over the same channel as its data. </p><p>The advantage of hardware handshaking is that it can be extremely fast, it works independently of imposed meaning such as ASCII on the transferred data and it is <a href="/wiki/State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">stateless</a>. Its disadvantage is that it requires more hardware and cabling, and both ends of the connection must support the hardware handshaking protocol used. </p><p>The advantage of software handshaking is that it can be done with absent or incompatible hardware handshaking circuits and cabling. The disadvantage, common to all in-band control signaling, is that it introduces complexities in ensuring that control messages get through even when data messages are blocked, and data can never be mistaken for control signals. The former is normally dealt with by the operating system or device driver; the latter normally by ensuring that control codes are <a href="/wiki/Escape_sequence" title="Escape sequence">escaped</a> (such as in the <a href="/wiki/Kermit_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kermit protocol">Kermit protocol</a>) or omitted by design (such as in <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI terminal control</a>). </p><p>If <b>no handshaking</b> is employed, an overrun receiver might simply fail to receive data from the transmitter. Approaches for preventing this include reducing the speed of the connection so that the receiver can always keep up, increasing the size of <a href="/wiki/Data_buffer" title="Data buffer">buffers</a> so it can keep up averaged over a longer time, using delays after time-consuming operations (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Termcap" title="Termcap">termcap</a>) or employing a mechanism to resend data which has not been received correctly (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bluetooth_profiles#Serial_Port_Profile_(SPP)" title="List of Bluetooth profiles">List of Bluetooth profiles § Serial Port Profile (SPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_over_LAN" title="Serial over LAN">Serial over LAN</a> – A mechanism that allows the serial port of a managed system to be redirected over IP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> – Device that motivated serial port development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_COM_port" title="Virtual COM port">Virtual COM port</a> – A software representation of a serial port</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeal1996" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Beal, Vangie (September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/serial-port/">"Serial Port Definition & Meaning"</a>. <i>Webopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serial+Port+Definition+%26+Meaning&rft.btitle=Webopedia&rft.date=1996-09&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=Vangie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webopedia.com%2Fdefinitions%2Fserial-port%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/routers/7200-series-routers/12219-17.html">"Serial Cable Connection Guide"</a>. CISCO. 2006-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+Cable+Connection+Guide&rft.pub=CISCO&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisco.com%2Fc%2Fen%2Fus%2Fsupport%2Fdocs%2Frouters%2F7200-series-routers%2F12219-17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151214054632/http://ltxfaq.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1216/~/rs232---dte-and-dce-connectors">"RS232 - DTE and DCE connectors"</a>. Lantronix. 2006-03-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ltxfaq.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1216/~/rs232---dte-and-dce-connectors">the original</a> on 2015-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RS232+-+DTE+and+DCE+connectors&rft.pub=Lantronix&rft.date=2006-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fltxfaq.custhelp.com%2Fapp%2Fanswers%2Fdetail%2Fa_id%2F1216%2F~%2Frs232---dte-and-dce-connectors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224102106/http://minuszerodegrees.net/oa/OA%20-%20IBM%20PC%20AT%20Serial_Parallel%20Adapter.pdf">"IBM PC AT Serial/Parallel Adapter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minuszerodegrees.net/oa/OA%20-%20IBM%20PC%20AT%20Serial_Parallel%20Adapter.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-02-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+PC+AT+Serial%2FParallel+Adapter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minuszerodegrees.net%2Foa%2FOA%2520-%2520IBM%2520PC%2520AT%2520Serial_Parallel%2520Adapter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://merthsoft.com/linkguide/cable.html">"TI-73...92+/V200 TI Link Guide"</a>. <i>merthsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merthsoft.com&rft.atitle=TI-73...92%2B%2FV200+TI+Link+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmerthsoft.com%2Flinkguide%2Fcable.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miklor.com/COM/UV_Technical.php#progcable">"Technical Section"</a>. <i>Miklor.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miklor.com&rft.atitle=Technical+Section&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miklor.com%2FCOM%2FUV_Technical.php%23progcable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/routers/7000-series-routers/12223-14.html">"Cabling Guide for Console and AUX Ports"</a>. <i>Cisco</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cisco&rft.atitle=Cabling+Guide+for+Console+and+AUX+Ports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisco.com%2Fc%2Fen%2Fus%2Fsupport%2Fdocs%2Frouters%2F7000-series-routers%2F12223-14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitefiles.org/tec/pgs/h10b.htm">"Classic Mac Ports"</a>. <i>WhiteFiles.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WhiteFiles.org&rft.atitle=Classic+Mac+Ports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitefiles.org%2Ftec%2Fpgs%2Fh10b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Instruments_2013-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Instruments_2013_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Instruments_2013_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ni.com/pdf/manuals/371253e.pdf">"Serial Quick Reference Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NI.com</i>. National Instruments. July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NI.com&rft.atitle=Serial+Quick+Reference+Guide&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ni.com%2Fpdf%2Fmanuals%2F371253e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/content/dam/support/us/en/documents/motherboards/server/s5000pal/sb/s5000pal_s5000xal_tps_r2_0.pdf"><i>Intel Server Board S5000PAL/S5000XAL Technical Product Specification</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intel+Server+Board+S5000PAL%2FS5000XAL+Technical+Product+Specification&rft.pages=38&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intel.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fsupport%2Fus%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmotherboards%2Fserver%2Fs5000pal%2Fsb%2Fs5000pal_s5000xal_tps_r2_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖgren" class="citation web cs1">Ögren, Joakim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100811173526/http://www.hardwarebook.info/Serial_%28PC_9%29">"Serial (PC 9)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hardwarebook.info/Serial_(PC_9)">the original</a> on 2010-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serial+%28PC+9%29&rft.aulast=%C3%96gren&rft.aufirst=Joakim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardwarebook.info%2FSerial_%28PC_9%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yost-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yost_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yost_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617132523/http://yost.com/computers/RJ45-serial/">"Yost Serial Device Wiring Standard"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yost.com/computers/RJ45-serial/">the original</a> on 2020-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yost+Serial+Device+Wiring+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyost.com%2Fcomputers%2FRJ45-serial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hardwarebook.info/RS-232D">"Hardware Book RS-232D"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hardware+Book+RS-232D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardwarebook.info%2FRS-232D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t0rchthe.net/rj45console/index.html">"RS-232D EIA/TIA-561 RJ45 Pinout"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RS-232D+EIA%2FTIA-561+RJ45+Pinout&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.t0rchthe.net%2Frj45console%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Byron_Cooper" class="citation news cs1">Stephen Byron Cooper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-is-a-com1-port">"What Is a Com1 Port?"</a>. <i>Techwalla</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Techwalla&rft.atitle=What+Is+a+Com1+Port%3F&rft.au=Stephen+Byron+Cooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techwalla.com%2Farticles%2Fwhat-is-a-com1-port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan1990" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Alvin (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ti.com/lit/an/snaa005/snaa005.pdf">"AN-681 PC Mouse Implementation Using COP800"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Semiconductor<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AN-681+PC+Mouse+Implementation+Using+COP800&rft.pub=National+Semiconductor&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Alvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ti.com%2Flit%2Fan%2Fsnaa005%2Fsnaa005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/Appnotes/00519c.pdf">"AN519 Implementing a Simple Serial Mouse Controller"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Microchip Technology Inc. 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AN519+Implementing+a+Simple+Serial+Mouse+Controller&rft.pub=Microchip+Technology+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww1.microchip.com%2Fdownloads%2Fen%2FAppnotes%2F00519c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928060324/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/content/ntddser/ns-ntddser-_serial_commprop">"SERIAL_COMMPROP structure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 2018-04-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/content/ntddser/ns-ntddser-_serial_commprop">the original</a> on 2019-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SERIAL_COMMPROP+structure&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2018-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows-hardware%2Fdrivers%2Fddi%2Fcontent%2Fntddser%2Fns-ntddser-_serial_commprop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winbase.h-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-winbase.h_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-winbase.h_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928055944/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/ns-winbase-dcb">"DCB Structure"</a>. <i>Windows Dev Center</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 2018-12-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/ns-winbase-dcb">the original</a> on 2019-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+Dev+Center&rft.atitle=DCB+Structure&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows%2Fwin32%2Fapi%2Fwinbase%2Fns-winbase-dcb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neptronic.com/Controls/PDF/EVC/BACnetModbus/BACnet%20MSTP%20Overview%20Manual-160405.pdf">"BACnet MS/TP Overview Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Neptronic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110133346/http://www.neptronic.com/Controls/PDF/EVC/BACnetModbus/BACnet%20MSTP%20Overview%20Manual-160405.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BACnet+MS%2FTP+Overview+Manual&rft.pub=Neptronic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neptronic.com%2FControls%2FPDF%2FEVC%2FBACnetModbus%2FBACnet%2520MSTP%2520Overview%2520Manual-160405.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190303121617/https://www.multitech.com/documents/publications/data-sheets/86002093.pdf">"MultiModem ZBA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.multitech.com/documents/publications/data-sheets/86002093.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MultiModem+ZBA&rft.pub=Multi-Tech+Systems%2C+Inc&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.multitech.com%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2Fdata-sheets%2F86002093.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicom.usr.com/support/3453c/3453c-ug/control_data_rates.html">"Courier 56K Business Modem: User Guide: Controlling Data Rates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USRobotics" title="USRobotics">USRobotics</a>. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804100605/http://unicom.usr.com/support/3453c/3453c-ug/control_data_rates.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Courier+56K+Business+Modem%3A+User+Guide%3A+Controlling+Data+Rates&rft.pub=USRobotics&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicom.usr.com%2Fsupport%2F3453c%2F3453c-ug%2Fcontrol_data_rates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.hackaday.io/files/1614916909230944/SX1272_DS_V4.pdf">"SX1272/73 - 860 MHz to 1020 MHz Low Power Long Range Transceiver Datasheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Semtech" title="Semtech">Semtech</a>. January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SX1272%2F73+-+860+MHz+to+1020+MHz+Low+Power+Long+Range+Transceiver+Datasheet&rft.pub=Semtech&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.hackaday.io%2Ffiles%2F1614916909230944%2FSX1272_DS_V4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerial+port" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Serial Port Complete: COM Ports, USB Virtual COM Ports, and Ports for Embedded Systems</i>; 2nd Edition; Jan Axelson; Lakeview Research; 380 pages; 2007; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931-44806-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931-44806-2">978-1-931-44806-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Serial_Data_Communications" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Programming:Serial Data Communications">Programming:Serial Data Communications</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Serial_port" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Serial port">Serial port</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pinoutguide.com/SerialPorts/">RS-232 and other serial port pinouts list</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Basic_computer_components" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Basic_computer_components" title="Template:Basic computer components"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Basic_computer_components" title="Template talk:Basic computer components"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Basic_computer_components" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Basic computer components"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Basic_computer_components" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Basic <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">components</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device">Input devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">Pointing devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_tablet" title="Graphics tablet">Graphics tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">Game controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_pen" title="Light pen">Light pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">Mouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_mouse" title="Optical mouse">Optical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_trackpad" title="Optical trackpad">Optical trackpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointing_stick" title="Pointing stick">Pointing stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchpad" title="Touchpad">Touchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">Touchscreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">Trackball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">Image scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">Graphics card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">GPU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">Sound card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">Sound chip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">Webcam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Softcam" title="Softcam">Softcam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Output_device" title="Output device">Output devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">Monitor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_visual_display" title="Electronic visual display">Screen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">Printer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plotter" title="Plotter">Plotter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_speakers" title="Computer speakers">Speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">Sound card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">Graphics card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Removable_media" title="Removable media">Removable <br /> data storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_pack" title="Disk pack">Disk pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">Memory card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_case" title="Computer case">Computer case</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">Central processing unit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">Microprocessor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">Motherboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">Memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonvolatile_BIOS_memory" title="Nonvolatile BIOS memory">BIOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Data storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">HDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">SSD</a> (<a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">SATA</a> / <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_hybrid_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-state hybrid drive">SSHD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)" title="Power supply unit (computer)">Power supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switched-mode_power_supply" title="Switched-mode power supply">SMPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_MOSFET" title="Power MOSFET">Power MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage_regulator_module" title="Voltage regulator module">VRM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">Network interface controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax_modem" title="Fax modem">Fax modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">Expansion card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_port_(hardware)" title="Computer port (hardware)">Ports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)" title="Phone connector (audio)">Analog audio jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">FireWire</a> (IEEE 1394)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_port" title="Parallel port">Parallel port</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serial port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_port" title="Game port">Game port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS/2_port" title="PS/2 port">PS/2 port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA#eSATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">eSATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware" title="History of computing hardware">History of computing hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s%E2%80%93present)" title="History of computing hardware (1960s–present)">History of computing hardware (1960s–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science" title="List of pioneers in computer science">List of pioneers in computer science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&oldid=1255286845">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&oldid=1255286845</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_connectors" title="Category:Computer connectors">Computer connectors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legacy_hardware" title="Category:Legacy hardware">Legacy hardware</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Out-of-band_management" title="Category:Out-of-band management">Out-of-band management</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serial_buses" title="Category:Serial buses">Serial buses</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use American English from April 2022">Use American English from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2021">Articles needing additional references from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 November 2024, at 03:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_port&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-542sp","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.783","walltime":"1.023","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2789,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":73636,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2168,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":100392,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 868.722 1 -total"," 28.87% 250.795 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.70% 136.396 2 Template:Annotated_link"," 14.50% 125.978 1 Template:Cite_dictionary"," 13.09% 113.684 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.24% 97.628 1 Template:Basic_computer_components"," 11.23% 97.593 3 Template:Navbox"," 9.87% 85.704 20 Template:Cite_web"," 6.85% 59.517 5 Template:Main_other"," 6.68% 58.011 1 Template:More_citations_needed_section"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.489","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17225055,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-hhmqd","timestamp":"20241122140826","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Serial port","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serial_port","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q385390","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q385390","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-29T06:19:43Z","dateModified":"2024-11-04T03:19:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Serial_port_%289-pin%29.jpg","headline":"communication interface transmitting information sequentially"}</script> </body> </html>