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(PDF) Becoming Men, Staying Women: Gender Ambivalence in Christian Apocryphal Texts and Contexts. Feminist Theology 18.3 (2010): 341-355.
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This essay investigates the reasons behind this motif in terms of the cultural context without evaluating whether the attitude towards women which this particular motif might be understood to reflect demonstrates that Christian communities were more or less misogynistic than the rest of society. The 'becoming male' motif can reasonably be expected, because of its oddity relative to modern views of gender and its distinctly late-antique roots, to help to reveal the relevant social and cultural assumptions about the relationship between gender and spiritual authority which lie behind its appearance in Apocryphal texts. These assumptions in turn explain why the motif is one of ambivalence rather than equality or neutralization.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"37862299"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Becoming Men, Staying Women: Gender Ambivalence in Christian Apocryphal Texts and Contexts. Feminist Theology 18.3 (2010): 341-355.","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3196644]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":37862299,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Becoming Men, Staying Women: Gender Ambivalence in Christian Apocryphal Texts and Contexts. Feminist Theology 18.3 (2010): 341-355.”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/37862299/mini_magick20190227-13226-1i5o6hm.png?1551317617" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Becoming Men, Staying Women: Gender Ambivalence in Christian Apocryphal Texts and Contexts. Feminist Theology 18.3 (2010): 341-355.</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3196644" href="https://uni-mainz.academia.edu/BlossomStefaniw"><img alt="Profile image of Blossom Stefaniw" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3196644/9379650/10629088/s65_blossom.stefaniw.jpg" />Blossom Stefaniw</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">15 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 12878711; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=12878711"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The motif of women becoming men, taking on manly characteristics, or being made male appears in several Christian Apocryphal texts. This essay investigates the reasons behind this motif in terms of the cultural context without evaluating whether the attitude towards women which this particular motif might be understood to reflect demonstrates that Christian communities were more or less misogynistic than the rest of society. The 'becoming male' motif can reasonably be expected, because of its oddity relative to modern views of gender and its distinctly late-antique roots, to help to reveal the relevant social and cultural assumptions about the relationship between gender and spiritual authority which lie behind its appearance in Apocryphal texts. These assumptions in turn explain why the motif is one of ambivalence rather than equality or neutralization.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":37862299,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/12878711/Becoming_Men_Staying_Women_Gender_Ambivalence_in_Christian_Apocryphal_Texts_and_Contexts_Feminist_Theology_18_3_2010_341_355"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":37862299,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/12878711/Becoming_Men_Staying_Women_Gender_Ambivalence_in_Christian_Apocryphal_Texts_and_Contexts_Feminist_Theology_18_3_2010_341_355"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Elmer, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article provides an overview of approaches to men and women in Christian society, culture and thought from the first to eighth centuries. It includes a select bibliography of scholarship on the topic. 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In other words, is the Bible and its teachings on gender roles (as well as on many other subjects) the words of men or the words of God? 2) Does God have a gender, and is God a “He”? 3) Do the biblical views of male and female nature correspond to the way that men and women actually are? 4) What is God’s attitude toward LGBTQ+? 5) Are the gender roles and gender-related teachings presented in the Bible applicable to contemporary society, or do they need to be altered or possibly abandoned?</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gender and the Bible","attachmentId":119587844,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113541703/Gender_and_the_Bible","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113541703/Gender_and_the_Bible"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="27732892" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27732892/All_Honorable_Men_The_Masculinization_of_Early_Christianity">All Honorable Men The Masculinization of Early Christianity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21639967" href="https://wright.academia.edu/JayeDrummond">Jaye Drummond</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the first and second century of the Common Era, women occupied positions of prominence in several variants of early Christianity, such as the Montanists and Valentinians. They were not only wives and sisters, but also prophetesses, interlocutors, and sometimes even martyrs. But, by the close of the fourth century, women seem largely to have disappeared from Christian rhetoric except as objects of desire, or as humble, nearly invisible wives and daughters. Additionally, they seem to have departed entirely from Christian leadership. What can account for this phenomenon? Why did the early Christian "fathers" work so strenuously to reduce women to the role of silent helpmeet at best, and procreative incubator or receptacle of lust at the most basic level?</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"All Honorable Men The Masculinization of Early Christianity","attachmentId":48002633,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27732892/All_Honorable_Men_The_Masculinization_of_Early_Christianity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27732892/All_Honorable_Men_The_Masculinization_of_Early_Christianity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2362989" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362989/_Crossed_Texts_Crossed_Sex_Intertextuality_and_Gender_in_Early_Christian_Legends_of_Holy_Women_Disguised_as_Men_In_Journal_of_Early_Christian_Studies_10_1_2002_1_36">“Crossed Texts, Crossed Sex: Intertextuality and Gender in Early Christian Legends of Holy Women Disguised as Men.” In Journal of Early Christian Studies 10.1 (2002), 1–36.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1207781" href="https://yale.academia.edu/StephenDavis">Stephen J Davis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Early Christian legends of monastic women disguised as men have recently been the object of psychological, literary, sociohistorical, anthropological, and theological study. In this article, I will raise new questions about these legends from the perspective of the poststructuralist theory of intertextuality. What are the cultural "texts" that these legends "play upon"? What does this intertextuality tell us about how such legends participated in late antique cultural discourse on gender and the female body? Here, I examine five cultural "texts" reworked in the legends: 1) the lives of earlier transvestite saints like St. Thecla; 2) the Life of St. Antony; 3) late antique discourse about eunuchs; 4) the story of Joseph and Potiphar's wife from Genesis; and 5) the textual deconstruction and reconstitution of the female body in early Christian literature. These "intertexts," along with key christomimetic elements in the legends, suggest how binary conceptions of gender identity were ultimately destabilized in the figure of the transvestite saint.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Crossed Texts, Crossed Sex: Intertextuality and Gender in Early Christian Legends of Holy Women Disguised as Men.” In Journal of Early Christian Studies 10.1 (2002), 1–36.","attachmentId":30584344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2362989/_Crossed_Texts_Crossed_Sex_Intertextuality_and_Gender_in_Early_Christian_Legends_of_Holy_Women_Disguised_as_Men_In_Journal_of_Early_Christian_Studies_10_1_2002_1_36","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2362989/_Crossed_Texts_Crossed_Sex_Intertextuality_and_Gender_in_Early_Christian_Legends_of_Holy_Women_Disguised_as_Men_In_Journal_of_Early_Christian_Studies_10_1_2002_1_36"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="10347319" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10347319/Women_and_Bible_in_Middle_Ages_The_Bible_and_Women_vol_6_2_">Women and Bible in Middle Ages (The Bible and Women, vol. 6.2.) </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13834940" href="https://unina.academia.edu/AdrianaValerio">Adriana Valerio</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Women and Bible in Middle Ages (The Bible and Women, vol. 6.2.) ","attachmentId":36411553,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10347319/Women_and_Bible_in_Middle_Ages_The_Bible_and_Women_vol_6_2_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10347319/Women_and_Bible_in_Middle_Ages_The_Bible_and_Women_vol_6_2_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="92755667" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92755667/Masculinity_in_the_New_Testament_and_Early_Christianity">Masculinity in the New Testament and Early Christianity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12615758" href="https://augustana.academia.edu/EricStewart">Eric Stewart</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Building on the work of feminist queries regarding the social construction of gender, scholarship beginning in the 1980s began to interrogate masculinity as a culturally constructed category. Scholars focusing on the New Testament and early Christianity, building upon significant studies in both gender theory and the social construction of masculinity in ancient Greek and Roman contexts have produced a substantial amount of significant research in the last thirty years. Despite the proliferation of scholarship, significant questions remain as to how best to understand Jesus and his early followers in light of Greek and Roman understandings of masculinity. Some scholars see descriptions of Jesus, his disciples, and other key figures in the Jesus movement significantly resistant to key elements of Roman or Greek understandings of what it meant to be a man, while others argue that New Testament authors present these same figures substantially corresponding to hegemonic masculinity in t...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Masculinity in the New Testament and Early Christianity","attachmentId":95680750,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92755667/Masculinity_in_the_New_Testament_and_Early_Christianity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92755667/Masculinity_in_the_New_Testament_and_Early_Christianity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="43543995" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43543995/Gender_Relations_in_the_New_Testament_A_Feminist_Anabaptist_Reading">Gender Relations in the New Testament: A Feminist Anabaptist Reading</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49575979" href="https://ibts.academia.edu/FranPorter">Fran Porter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Baptistic Theologies, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Against centuries of framing gender relations on the basis of so-called biblical ‘hard passages’, I offer an expansive three-fold way of reading the new Testament that is both feminist and Anabaptist. Using both a hermeneutics of suspicion about power and Christocentric biblical interpretation, I seek to counter women’s inequality, disadvantage and subordination. I argue for: taking a broad look at the text when thinking about gender relations to uncover the story of gender in unlikely places that I argue should become the most likely places; paying attention to the diversity of early Christian location, experience and expression in the context of the politics and society of the ancient world; and within this framework revisiting specific texts predominantly associated with a gender hierarchy to encounter exhortations of moral agency, behaviour and activity. This approach maintains vigilance about gender power relations while simultaneously providing a critique of gendered approaches to scripture.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gender Relations in the New Testament: A Feminist Anabaptist Reading","attachmentId":64723854,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43543995/Gender_Relations_in_the_New_Testament_A_Feminist_Anabaptist_Reading","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43543995/Gender_Relations_in_the_New_Testament_A_Feminist_Anabaptist_Reading"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="45013697" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45013697/I_am_a_Christian_Female_Identity_and_Authority_in_the_Early_Church">I am a Christian - Female Identity and Authority in the Early Church</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98000337" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/GillLeFevre">Gill Le Fevre</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper, I argue that the martyrdom of Perpetua, recorded in The Passion of Perpetua and Felicity, demonstrates the growing challenge that early Christian women were perceived to present in Roman society through their creation of a redefined gender identity. My paper explores the interrelated dynamic of authority and gendered identity in Roman society, and the implications for the early Christian church.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"I am a Christian - Female Identity and Authority in the Early Church","attachmentId":65564118,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45013697/I_am_a_Christian_Female_Identity_and_Authority_in_the_Early_Church","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45013697/I_am_a_Christian_Female_Identity_and_Authority_in_the_Early_Church"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="59438946" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59438946/Gender_critique_on_the_narrator_s_androcentric_point_of_view_of_women_in_Matthew_s_gospel">Gender critique on the narrator’s androcentric point of view of women in Matthew’s gospel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6771709" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YolandaDreyer">Yolanda Dreyer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article, from a gender-sensitive perspective, is critical of patriarchal values that are harmful to women and other non-dominant groups. When the focus on women and women’s roles is usurped by male control, the androcentric self-interest of interpreters and authors becomes apparent. This is still the case in present-day theological studies, but is especially prevalent in premodern biblical writings, of which the Gospel of Matthew is an example. Recent mainstream Jesus studies demonstrate that women were welcomed in an ‘egalitarian’ way in the community of the first followers of Jesus. Women’s contribution to the first Christian faith community is highlighted. This stands in stark contrast to the silencing and invisibility of women in the surrounding patriarchal world of the ancient Middle East. Although Matthew does view women and other formerly excluded people as part of the faith community and equal recipients of God’s love, they are never treated as equal participants. The ar...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gender critique on the narrator’s androcentric point of view of women in Matthew’s gospel","attachmentId":73361205,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59438946/Gender_critique_on_the_narrator_s_androcentric_point_of_view_of_women_in_Matthew_s_gospel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59438946/Gender_critique_on_the_narrator_s_androcentric_point_of_view_of_women_in_Matthew_s_gospel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":37862299,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":37862299,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_37862299" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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