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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Biologi+sistem" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Biologi+sistem" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Biologi+sistem" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Perangkat_lunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perangkat_lunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Perangkat lunak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perangkat_lunak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Perangkat lunak</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perangkat_lunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Systems_Biology_Markup_Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systems_Biology_Markup_Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Systems Biology Markup Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systems_Biology_Markup_Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistems_Biology_Workbench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistems_Biology_Workbench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sistems Biology Workbench</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistems_Biology_Workbench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CellDesigner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CellDesigner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>CellDesigner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CellDesigner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COPASI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COPASI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>COPASI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COPASI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_primer_biologi_molekular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_primer_biologi_molekular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Data primer biologi molekular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_primer_biologi_molekular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biologi sistem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 40 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85" title="علم أحياء النظم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم أحياء النظم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_biologiyas%C4%B1" title="Sistem biologiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sistem biologiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Системна биология – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Системна биология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="সাংগঠনিক জীববিদ্যা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাংগঠনিক জীববিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_de_sistemes" title="Biologia de sistemes – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biologia de sistemes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A9mov%C3%A1_biologie" title="Systémová biologie – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Systémová biologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systembiologie" title="Systembiologie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Systembiologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Βιολογία συστημάτων – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιολογία συστημάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_biology" title="Systems biology – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Systems biology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa_de_sistemas" title="Biología de sistemas – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biología de sistemas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCsteemibioloogia" title="Süsteemibioloogia – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süsteemibioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemen_biologia" title="Sistemen biologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sistemen biologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="زیست‌شناسی سامانه‌ها – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌شناسی سامانه‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systeemibiologia" title="Systeemibiologia – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Systeemibiologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie_des_syst%C3%A8mes" title="Biologie des systèmes – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biologie des systèmes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa_dos_sistemas" title="Bioloxía dos sistemas – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bioloxía dos sistemas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ביולוגיה מערכתית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביולוגיה מערכתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="सिस्टम्स बायोलॉजी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिस्टम्स बायोलॉजी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendszerbiol%C3%B3gia" title="Rendszerbiológia – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rendszerbiológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_dei_sistemi" title="Biologia dei sistemi – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biologia dei sistemi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="システム生物学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="システム生物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="시스템 생물학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시스템 생물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Системска биологија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Системска биологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systeembiologie" title="Systeembiologie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Systeembiologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_system%C3%B3w" title="Biologia systemów – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biologia systemów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_sist%C3%AAmica" title="Biologia sistêmica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biologia sistêmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie_sistemic%C4%83" title="Biologie sistemică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biologie sistemică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Системная биология – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Системная биология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemska_biologija" title="Sistemska biologija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sistemska biologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A9mov%C3%A1_biol%C3%B3gia" title="Systémová biológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Systémová biológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemska_biologija" title="Sistemska biologija – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sistemska biologija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systembiologi" title="Systembiologi – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Systembiologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தொகுப்பியக்க உயிரியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொகுப்பியக்க உயிரியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A" title="ชีววิทยาระบบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีววิทยาระบบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_biyolojisi" title="Sistem biyolojisi – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sistem biyolojisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Системна біологія – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Системна біологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc_h%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng" title="Sinh học hệ thống – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh học hệ thống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="系统生物学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="系统生物学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng_seng-bu%CC%8Dt-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Hē-thóng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hē-thóng seng-bu̍t-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="系統生物學 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="系統生物學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Biologi_sistem" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Biologi_sistem" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&oldid=23634501" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Biologi_sistem&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Systems_biology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q815297" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Biologi sistem</b> adalah penggabungan dari beberapa cabang ilmu, seperti <a href="/wiki/Genomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomik">genomik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">biologi molekuler</a>. Ilmu biologi sistem bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang menyeluruh (holistik) terhadap <a href="/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup">makhluk hidup</a> sebagai kesatuan <a href="/wiki/Sistem" title="Sistem">sistem</a>. Beberapa strategi yang dipilih dalam biologi sistem antara lain adalah pengukuran kuantitatif komponen seluler dalam tingkat <a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Metabolit" title="Metabolit">metabolit</a>, pengembangan model <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> yang menggabungkan pemahaman <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a> dengan data-data yang dihasilkan oleh eksperimen dengan hasil data bervolume tinggi, aplikasi mikroorganisme. Karena yang dianalisis merupakan data bervolume tinggi, dibutuhkan semacam perangkat mutakhir untuk mengolah, menganalisis, memvisualisasi, dan mensimulasikan data tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan ilmu <a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">bioinformatika</a> berperan.<sup id="cite_ref-Likic_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perangkat_lunak">Perangkat lunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Perangkat lunak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perangkat lunak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Systems_Biology_Markup_Language">Systems Biology Markup Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Systems Biology Markup Language" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Systems Biology Markup Language"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Untuk memudahkan analisis, evaluasi, dan penyebaran data-data eksperimen yang kompleks, dibutuhkan suatu standar informasi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=System_Biology_Markup_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System Biology Markup Language (halaman belum tersedia)">System Biology Markup Language</a> (SBML) adalah suatu format standar untuk merepresentasikan model reaksi biokimia dan jejaring regulasinya dalam bentuk formal, kualitatif, maupun kuantitatif. Format ini telah diadopsi oleh lebih dari 180 peranti lunak yang terkait dengan pemodelan informasi biologi.<sup id="cite_ref-Likic_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hucka_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hucka-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistems_Biology_Workbench">Sistems Biology Workbench</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sistems Biology Workbench" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sistems Biology Workbench"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistems_Biology_Workbench&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistems Biology Workbench (halaman belum tersedia)">Sistems Biology Workbench</a> (SWB) adalah sebuah kerangka <a href="/wiki/Perangkat_lunak" title="Perangkat lunak">perangkat lunak</a> yang berisi bermacam-macam peralatan biologi sistematik. Peralatan ini dapat berupa peralatan untuk membangun, menyunting, dan melihat jejaring biokimia, peralatan untuk simulasi, dan peralatan untuk melakukan impor terjemahan dari hasil pemodelan. Peranti lunak ini dapat dipakai untuk menerjemahkan satu komponen biologi sistematik ke komponen lainnya. Dengan adanya perangkat ini, ilmuwan tidak perlu lagi menggunakan berbagai peranti lunak untuk pemodelan, analisis, visualiasi, dan analisis data biologi sistematik.<sup id="cite_ref-Likic_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CellDesigner">CellDesigner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: CellDesigner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: CellDesigner"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=CellDesigner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CellDesigner (halaman belum tersedia)">CellDesigner</a> adalah program berbasis <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> yang dapat dipakai untuk membangun dan menyunting jejaring biokimia. Versi CellDesigner terkini telah memperbolehkan melakukan <i>import</i> model dalam format SBML dan mendukung penampilan jejaring biokimia yang didasarkan oleh bahasa diagram proses yang didefinisikan oleh SBGN. Dengan CellDesigner, model dapat dismulasikan dengan tools simulator yang tersedia, atau dengan <i>tools</i> simulator eksternal, seperti yang disediakan oleh SWB.<sup id="cite_ref-Likic_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COPASI">COPASI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: COPASI" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: COPASI"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=COPASI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COPASI (halaman belum tersedia)">COPASI</a> adalah simulator model independen yang bekerja untuk <i>file</i> yang terkode dalam format SBML. COPASI mampu mensimulasikan model yang didasarkan pada <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinary_Differential_Equation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinary Differential Equation (halaman belum tersedia)">Ordinary Differential Equation</a></i> (ODESs) dan model stokastik mengunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Algoritme_Gillespie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algoritme Gillespie (halaman belum tersedia)">algoritme Gillespie</a>. COPASI menyediakan perangkat untuk analisis visual data simulasi dan juga mampu menjalanankan analisis kontrol metabolisme pada keadaan steady state.<sup id="cite_ref-Likic_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sahle_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_primer_biologi_molekular">Data primer biologi molekular</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Data primer biologi molekular" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Data primer biologi molekular"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sampai saat ini, salah satu pencapaian pengembangan ilmu bioinformatika yang paling penting adalah tersusunnya basis data biologi molekuler skala besar. Basis data primer seperti GenBank atau Protein Data Bank sangat berkontribusi dalam membantu riset-riset dalam bidang biologi sistematik untuk berkembang.<sup id="cite_ref-Likic_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Likic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salah satu bentuk aplikasinya dalam penelitian biologi sistematik adalah konstruksi jalur metabolik <a href="/wiki/Ralstonia_eutropha" title="Ralstonia eutropha">Ralstonia eutropha</a> H16 untuk memahai jejaring metabolik sampai tingkat sistem dengan mengkombinasikan informasi dari basis data. literatur, dan eksperiimen.<sup id="cite_ref-Park_Kim_Lee_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Park_Kim_Lee-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Likic-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Likic_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Likic_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Likic_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Likic_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Likic_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Likic_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Likić V a, McConville MJ, Lithgow T, Bacic A. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331364">Systems biology: the next frontier for bioinformatics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329081920/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331364">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-03-29 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Adv. Bioinformatics</i>: 1-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hucka-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hucka_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hucka M, Finney A, Bornstein BJ, Keating SM, Shapiro BE, Matthews J, Kovitz BL, Schilstra MJ, Funahashi A, Doyle JC, et al. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17052114">Evolving a lingua franca and associated software infrastructure for computational systems biology : the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329081638/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17052114">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-03-29 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Syst. Biol.</i> 1: 41-53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sauro HM, Hucka M, Finney A, Wellock C, Bolouri H, Doyle J, Kitano H. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14683609">Next generation simulation tools: the Systems Biology Workbench and BioSPICE integration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329082138/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14683609">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-03-29 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. OMICS 7:355–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Funahashi A, Morohashi M, Kitano H, Kitano H, Tanimura N, Kitano H, Kitano H, Morohashi M. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openwetware.org/images/c/c0/Funahashi.pdf">CellDesigner : a process diagram editor for gene-regulatory and biochemical network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083201/http://openwetware.org/images/c/c0/Funahashi.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-04-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Biosilico</i> 1:159–162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sahle-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sahle_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sahle S, Gauges R, Kummer U, Lee C, Mendes P, Tech V. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/24/3067.full">Simulation of Biochemical Networks Using COPASI - A Complex Pathway Simulator</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150422232321/http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/24/3067.full">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-04-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Di dalam: Perrone LF, Wieland FP, Liu J, Lawson BG, Nicol DM, and Fujimoto RM. 2006. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference: 1698-1706.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Park_Kim_Lee-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Park_Kim_Lee_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Park JM, Kim TY, Lee SY. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21711532">Genome-scale reconstruction and in silico analysis of the Ralstonia eutropha H16 for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis, lithoautotrophic growth, and 2-methyl citric acid production</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329081356/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21711532">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-03-29 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>BMC Syst. Biol.</i> 5:101.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Organisasi biologis">Hierarki kehidupan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a> > <a href="/wiki/Komunitas_(ekologi)" title="Komunitas (ekologi)">Komunitas</a> > <a href="/wiki/Populasi_(biologi)" title="Populasi (biologi)">Populasi</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">Organisme</a> > <a href="/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ">Sistem organ</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomi)" title="Organ (anatomi)">Organ</a> > <a href="/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan">Jaringan</a> > <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">Sel</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">Organel</a> > <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">Molekul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makromolekul" title="Makromolekul">Makromolekul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomolekul" title="Biomolekul">Biomolekul</a>) > <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Fondasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Taksonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_sel" title="Teori sel">Teori sel</a></li> <li>Transformasi <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Prinsip</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptasi" title="Adaptasi">Adaptasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_gen" title="Aliran gen">Aliran gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentuk_kehidupan_paling_awal_yang_diketahui" title="Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui">Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungsi_(biologi)" title="Fungsi (biologi)">Fungsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyutan_genetik" title="Hanyutan genetik">Hanyutan genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroevolusi" title="Makroevolusi">Makroevolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroevolusi" title="Mikroevolusi">Mikroevolusi</a></li> 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gen">Regulasi gen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asam_nukleat" title="Asam nukleat">Asam nukleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">Enzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">Fotosintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">Karbohidrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipid">Lipid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">Metabolisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" 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