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fluidization</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fluidization"> <meta name="keywords" content="fluidization"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fluidization"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 25</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fluidization</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Simulation and Experimental Study on Dual Dense Medium Fluidization Features of Air Dense Medium Fluidized Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Sheng">Cheng Sheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuemin%20Zhao"> Yuemin Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenlong%20Duan"> Chenlong Duan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air dense medium fluidized bed is a typical application of fluidization techniques for coal particle separation in arid areas, where it is costly to implement wet coal preparation technologies. In the last three decades, air dense medium fluidized bed, as an efficient dry coal separation technique, has been studied in many aspects, including energy and mass transfer, hydrodynamics, bubbling behaviors, etc. Despite numerous researches have been published, the fluidization features, especially dual dense medium fluidization features have been rarely reported. In dual dense medium fluidized beds, different combinations of different dense mediums play a significant role in fluidization quality variation, thus influencing coal separation efficiency. Moreover, to what extent different dense mediums mix and to what extent the two-component particulate mixture affects the fluidization performance and quality have been in suspense. The proposed work attempts to reveal underlying mechanisms of generation and evolution of two-component particulate mixture in the fluidization process. Based on computational fluid dynamics methods and discrete particle modelling, movement and evolution of dual dense mediums in air dense medium fluidized bed have been simulated. Dual dense medium fluidization experiments have been conducted. Electrical capacitance tomography was employed to investigate the distribution of two-component mixture in experiments. Underlying mechanisms involving two-component particulate fluidization are projected to be demonstrated with the analysis and comparison of simulation and experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20dense%20medium%20fluidized%20bed" title="air dense medium fluidized bed">air dense medium fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20separation" title=" particle separation"> particle separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20particle%20modelling" title=" discrete particle modelling"> discrete particle modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63663/simulation-and-experimental-study-on-dual-dense-medium-fluidization-features-of-air-dense-medium-fluidized-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Numerical Study of Bubbling Fluidized Beds Operating at Sub-atmospheric Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lanka%20Dinushke%20Weerasiri">Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrat%20Das"> Subrat Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Fabijanic"> Daniel Fabijanic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Yang"> William Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluidization at vacuum pressure has been a topic that is of growing research interest. Several industrial applications (such as drying, extractive metallurgy, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD)) can potentially take advantage of vacuum pressure fluidization. Particularly, the fine chemical industry requires processing under safe conditions for thermolabile substances, and reduced pressure fluidized beds offer an alternative. Fluidized beds under vacuum conditions provide optimal conditions for treatment of granular materials where the reduced gas pressure maintains an operational environment outside of flammability conditions. The fluidization at low-pressure is markedly different from the usual gas flow patterns of atmospheric fluidization. The different flow regimes can be characterized by the dimensionless Knudsen number. Nevertheless, hydrodynamics of bubbling vacuum fluidized beds has not been investigated to author’s best knowledge. In this work, the two-fluid numerical method was used to determine the impact of reduced pressure on the fundamental properties of a fluidized bed. The slip flow model implemented by Ansys Fluent User Defined Functions (UDF) was used to determine the interphase momentum exchange coefficient. A wide range of operating pressures was investigated (1.01, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.03 Bar). The gas was supplied by a uniform inlet at 1.5U<sub>mf</sub> and 2U<sub>mf</sub>. The predicted minimum fluidization velocity (U<sub>mf</sub>) shows excellent agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the operating pressure has a notable impact on the bed properties and its hydrodynamics. Furthermore, it also shows that the existing Gorosko correlation that predicts bed expansion is not applicable under reduced pressure conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title=" fluidized bed"> fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-solid%20flow" title=" gas-solid flow"> gas-solid flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20pressure" title=" vacuum pressure"> vacuum pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20flow" title=" slip flow"> slip flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20fluidization%20velocity" title=" minimum fluidization velocity "> minimum fluidization velocity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111148/numerical-study-of-bubbling-fluidized-beds-operating-at-sub-atmospheric-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Physical Tests on Localized Fluidization in Offshore Suction Bucket Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Hua%20Luu">Li-Hua Luu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Doghmane"> Alexis Doghmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Farhat"> Abbas Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sanayei"> Mohammad Sanayei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Philippe"> Pierre Philippe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Cuellar"> Pablo Cuellar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Suction buckets are promising innovative foundations for offshore wind turbines. They generally feature the shape of an inverted bucket and rely on a suction system as a driving agent for their installation into the seabed. Water is pumped out of the buckets that are initially placed to rest on the seabed, creating a net pressure difference across the lid that generates a seepage flow, lowers the soil resistance below the foundation skirt, and drives them effectively into the seabed. The stability of the suction mechanism as well as the possibility of a piping failure (i.e., localized fluidization within the internal soil plug) during their installation are some of the key questions that remain open. The present work deals with an experimental study of localized fluidization by suction within a fixed bucket partially embedded into a submerged artificial soil made of spherical beads. The transient process, from the onset of granular motion until reaching a stationary regime for the fluidization at the embedded bucket wall, is recorded using the combined optical techniques of planar laser-induced fluorescence and refractive index matching. To conduct a systematic study of the piping threshold for the seepage flow, we vary the beads size, the suction pressure, and the initial depth for the bucket. This experimental modelling, by dealing with erosion-related phenomena from a micromechanical perspective, shall provide qualitative scenarios for the local processes at work which are missing in the offshore practice so far. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidization" title="fluidization">fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromechanical%20approach" title=" micromechanical approach"> micromechanical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20foundations" title=" offshore foundations"> offshore foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20bucket" title=" suction bucket"> suction bucket</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135044/physical-tests-on-localized-fluidization-in-offshore-suction-bucket-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Assessment of Fluid Flow Hydrodynamics for Cylindrical and Conical Fluidized Bed Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20G.%20Thangan">N. G. Thangan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Deoghare"> A. B. Deoghare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20M.%20Padole"> P. M. Padole </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) aids in modeling the prototype of a real world processes. CFD approach is useful in predicting the fluid flow, heat transfer mass transfer and other flow related phenomenon. In present study, hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-solid cylindrical fluidized bed is compared with conical fluidized beds. A 2D fluidized bed consists of different configurations of particle size of iron oxide, bed height and superficial velocities of nitrogen. Simulations are performed to capture the complex physics associated with it. The Eulerian multiphase model is prepared in ANSYS FLUENT v.14 which is used to simulate fluidization process. It is analyzed with nitrogen as primary phase and iron oxide as secondary phase. The bed hydrodynamics is assessed prominently to examine effect on fluidization time, pressure drop, minimum fluidization velocity, and gas holdup in the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title="fluidized bed">fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20hydrodynamics" title=" bed hydrodynamics"> bed hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eulerian%20multiphase%20approach" title=" Eulerian multiphase approach"> Eulerian multiphase approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12398/assessment-of-fluid-flow-hydrodynamics-for-cylindrical-and-conical-fluidized-bed-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Simulation Study on Particle Fluidization and Drying in a Spray Fluidized Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinnan%20Guo">Jinnan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daoyin%20Liu"> Daoyin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of final products in the coating process significantly depends on particle fluidization and drying in the spray-fluidized bed. In this study, fluidizing gas temperature and velocity are changed, and their effects on particle flow, moisture content, and heat transfer in a spray fluidized bed are investigated by the CFD – Discrete Element Model (DEM). The gas flow velocity distribution of the fluidized bed is symmetrical, with high velocity in the middle and low velocity on both sides. During the heating process, the particles inside the central tube and at the bottom of the bed are rapidly heated. The particle circulation in the annular area is heated slowly and the temperature is low. The inconsistency of particle circulation results in two peaks in the probability density distribution of the particle temperature during the heating process, and the overall temperature of the particles increases uniformly. During the drying process, the distribution of particle moisture transitions from initial uniform moisture to two peaks, and then the number of completely dried (moisture content of 0) particles gradually increases. Increasing the fluidizing gas temperature and velocity improves particle circulation, drying and heat transfer in the bed. The current study provides an effective method for studying the hydrodynamics of spray fluidized beds with simultaneous processes of heating and particle fluidization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD-DEM" title=" CFD-DEM"> CFD-DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20fluidized%20bed" title=" spray fluidized bed"> spray fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183508/simulation-study-on-particle-fluidization-and-drying-in-a-spray-fluidized-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Gas-Particle Flow in Shock-Induced Fluidization of Particles Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Wang">Zhao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Yan"> Hong Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a unified-gas kinetic scheme (UGKS) for the gas-particle flow is constructed. UGKS is a direct modeling method for both continuum and rarefied flow computations. The dynamics of particle and gas are described as rarefied and continuum flow, respectively. Therefore, we use the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation for the particle distribution function. For the gas phase, the gas kinetic scheme for Navier-Stokes equation is solved. The momentum transfer between gas and particle is achieved by the acceleration term added to the BGK equation. The new scheme is tested by a 2cm-in-thickness dense bed comprised of glass particles with 1.5mm in diameter, and reasonable agreement is achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-particle%20flow" title="gas-particle flow">gas-particle flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20gas-kinetic%20scheme" title=" unified gas-kinetic scheme"> unified gas-kinetic scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=momentum%20transfer" title=" momentum transfer"> momentum transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock-induced%20fluidization" title=" shock-induced fluidization"> shock-induced fluidization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94993/unified-gas-kinetic-scheme-for-gas-particle-flow-in-shock-induced-fluidization-of-particles-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> The Implementation of a Numerical Technique to Thermal Design of Fluidized Bed Cooler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damiaa%20Saad%20Khudor">Damiaa Saad Khudor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes an investigation for the thermal design of a fluidized bed cooler and prediction of heat transfer rate among the media categories. It is devoted to the thermal design of such equipment and their application in the industrial fields. It outlines the strategy for the fluidization heat transfer mode and its implementation in industry. The thermal design for fluidized bed cooler is used to furnish a complete design for a fluidized bed cooler of Sodium Bicarbonate. The total thermal load distribution between the air-solid and water-solid along the cooler is calculated according to the thermal equilibrium. The step by step technique was used to accomplish the thermal design of the fluidized bed cooler. It predicts the load, air, solid and water temperature along the trough. The thermal design for fluidized bed cooler revealed to the installation of a heat exchanger consists of (65) horizontal tubes with (33.4) mm diameter and (4) m length inside the bed trough. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidization" title="fluidization">fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20technology" title=" powder technology"> powder technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20design" title=" thermal design"> thermal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchangers" title=" heat exchangers "> heat exchangers </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17881/the-implementation-of-a-numerical-technique-to-thermal-design-of-fluidized-bed-cooler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Energy Consumption Statistic of Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds through Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Bi">Lei Bi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunpeng%20Jiao"> Yunpeng Jiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunjiang%20Liu"> Chunjiang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhua%20Chen"> Jianhua Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Ge"> Wei Ge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two energy paths are proposed from thermodynamic viewpoints. Energy consumption means total power input to the specific system, and it can be decomposed into energy retention and energy dissipation. Energy retention is the variation of accumulated mechanical energy in the system, and energy dissipation is the energy converted to heat by irreversible processes. Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) framework, different energy terms are quantified from the specific flow elements of fluid cells and particles as well as their interactions with the wall. Direct energy consumption statistics are carried out for both cold and hot flow in gas-solid fluidization systems. To clarify the statistic method, it is necessary to identify which system is studied: the particle-fluid system or the particle sub-system. For the cold flow, the total energy consumption of the particle sub-system can predict the onset of bubbling and turbulent fluidization, while the trends of local energy consumption can reflect the dynamic evolution of mesoscale structures. For the hot flow, different heat transfer mechanisms are analyzed, and the original solver is modified to reproduce the experimental results. The influence of the heat transfer mechanisms and heat source on energy consumption is also investigated. The proposed statistic method has proven to be energy-conservative and easy to conduct, and it is hopeful to be applied to other multiphase flow systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption%20statistic" title="energy consumption statistic">energy consumption statistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-solid%20fluidization" title=" gas-solid fluidization"> gas-solid fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD-DEM" title=" CFD-DEM"> CFD-DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regime%20transition" title=" regime transition"> regime transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20mechanism" title=" heat transfer mechanism"> heat transfer mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176312/energy-consumption-statistic-of-gas-solid-fluidized-beds-through-computational-fluid-dynamics-discrete-element-method-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Correlation to Predict the Effect of Particle Type on Axial Voidage Profile in Circulating Fluidized Beds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Khurram">M. S. Khurram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Memon"> S. A. Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khan"> S. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bed voidage behavior among different flow regimes for Geldart A, B, and D particles (fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC), particle A and glass beads) of diameter range 57-872 μm, apparent density 1470-3092 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, and bulk density range 890-1773 kg/m<sup>3</sup> were investigated in a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed of 0.1 m-i.d. and 2.56 m-height of plexi-glass. Effects of variables (gas velocity, particle properties, and static bed height) were analyzed on bed voidage. The axial voidage profile showed a typical trend along the riser: a dense bed at the lower part followed by a transition in the splash zone and a lean phase in the freeboard. Bed expansion and dense bed voidage increased with an increase of gas velocity as usual. From experimental results, a generalized model relationship based on inverse fluidization number for dense bed voidage from bubbling to fast fluidization regimes was presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20voidage" title="axial voidage">axial voidage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulating%20fluidized%20bed" title=" circulating fluidized bed"> circulating fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splash%20zone" title=" splash zone"> splash zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20bed" title=" static bed"> static bed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55004/correlation-to-predict-the-effect-of-particle-type-on-axial-voidage-profile-in-circulating-fluidized-beds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Bubbling in Gas Solids Fluidization at a Strouhal Number Tuned for Low Energy Dissipation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenxi%20Zhang">Chenxi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weizhong%20Qian"> Weizhong Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Wei"> Fei Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas solids multiphase flow is common in many engineering and environmental applications. Turbulence and multiphase flows are two of the most challenging topics in fluid mechanics, and when combined they pose a formidable challenge, even in the dilute dispersed regime. Dimensionless numbers are important in mechanics because their constancy can imply dynamic similarity between systems, despite possible differences in medium or scale. In the fluid mechanics literature, the Strouhal number is usually associated with the dimensionless shedding frequency of a von Karman wake; here we introduce this dimensionless number to investigate bubbling in gas solids fluidization. St=fA/U, which divides stroke frequency (f) and amplitude (A) by forward speed (U). The bubble behavior in a large two-dimensional bubbling fluidized bed (500mm×30mm×6000mm) is investigated. Our result indicates that propulsive efficiency is high and energy dissipation is low over a narrow range of St and usually within the interval 0.2<St<0.4. Due to least-action principle, we expect it to constrain the range of St that bubbles use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubbles" title="bubbles">bubbles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strouhal%20number" title=" Strouhal number"> Strouhal number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dissipation" title=" energy dissipation"> energy dissipation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45222/bubbling-in-gas-solids-fluidization-at-a-strouhal-number-tuned-for-low-energy-dissipation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Effect of Fluidized Granular Activated Carbon for the Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingwei%20Wang">Jingwei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20G.%20Fane"> Anthony G. Fane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Wei%20Chew"> Jia Wei Chew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of fluidized Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) as a means of mitigation membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) has received much attention in recent years, especially in anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactors (AFMBRs). It has been affirmed that the unsteady-state tangential shear conferred by GAC fluidization on membrane surface suppressed the extent of membrane fouling with energy consumption much lower than that of bubbling (i.e., air sparging). In a previous work, the hydrodynamics of the fluidized GAC particles were correlated with membrane fouling mitigation effectiveness. Results verified that the momentum transfer from particle to membrane held a key in fouling mitigation. The goal of the current work is to understand the effect of fluidized GAC on membrane critical flux. Membrane critical flux values were measured by a vertical Direct Observation Through the Membrane (DOTM) setup. The polystyrene particles (known as latex particles) with the particle size of 5 µm were used as model foulant thus to give the number of the foulant on the membrane surface. Our results shed light on the positive effect of fluidized GAC enhancing the critical membrane flux by an order-of-magnitude as compared to that of liquid shear alone. Membrane fouling mitigation was benefitted by the increasing of power input. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20fouling%20mitigation" title="membrane fouling mitigation">membrane fouling mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-solid%20fluidization" title=" liquid-solid fluidization"> liquid-solid fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20flux" title=" critical flux"> critical flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20input" title=" energy input"> energy input</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75555/effect-of-fluidized-granular-activated-carbon-for-the-mitigation-of-membrane-fouling-in-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Modelling Fluidization by Data-Based Recurrence Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varun%20Dongre">Varun Dongre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Pirker"> Stefan Pirker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Heinrich"> Stefan Heinrich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last decades, the numerical modelling of fluidized bed processes has become feasible even for industrial processes. Commonly, continuous two-fluid models are applied to describe large-scale fluidization. In order to allow for coarse grids novel two-fluid models account for unresolved sub-grid heterogeneities. However, computational efforts remain high – in the order of several hours of compute-time for a few seconds of real-time – thus preventing the representation of long-term phenomena such as heating or particle conversion processes. In order to overcome this limitation, data-based recurrence computational fluid dynamics (rCFD) has been put forward in recent years. rCFD can be regarded as a data-based method that relies on the numerical predictions of a conventional short-term simulation. This data is stored in a database and then used by rCFD to efficiently time-extrapolate the flow behavior in high spatial resolution. This study will compare the numerical predictions of rCFD simulations with those of corresponding full CFD reference simulations for lab-scale and pilot-scale fluidized beds. In assessing the predictive capabilities of rCFD simulations, we focus on solid mixing and secondary gas holdup. We observed that predictions made by rCFD simulations are highly sensitive to numerical parameters such as diffusivity associated with face swaps. We achieved a computational speed-up of four orders of magnitude (10,000 time faster than classical TFM simulation) eventually allowing for real-time simulations of fluidized beds. In the next step, we apply the checkerboarding technique by introducing gas tracers subjected to convection and diffusion. We then analyze the concentration profiles by observing mixing, transport of gas tracers, insights about the convective and diffusive pattern of the gas tracers, and further towards heat and mass transfer methods. Finally, we run rCFD simulations and calibrate them with numerical and physical parameters compared with convectional Two-fluid model (full CFD) simulation. As a result, this study gives a clear indication of the applicability, predictive capabilities, and existing limitations of rCFD in the realm of fluidization modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flow" title="multiphase flow">multiphase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrence%20CFD" title=" recurrence CFD"> recurrence CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-fluid%20model" title=" two-fluid model"> two-fluid model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20processes" title=" industrial processes"> industrial processes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167422/modelling-fluidization-by-data-based-recurrence-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Design and Evaluation of a Fully-Automated Fluidized Bed Dryer for Complete Drying of Paddy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20J.%20Pontawe">R. J. Pontawe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20C.%20Martinez"> R. C. Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20T.%20Asuncion"> N. T. Asuncion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20V.%20Villacorte"> R. V. Villacorte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drying of high moisture paddy remains a major problem in the Philippines, especially during inclement weather condition. To alleviate the problem, mechanical dryers were used like a flat bed and recirculating batch-type dryers. However, drying to 14% (wet basis) final moisture content is long which takes 10-12 hours and tedious which is not the ideal for handling high moisture paddy. Fully-automated pilot-scale fluidized bed drying system with 500 kilograms per hour capacity was evaluated using a high moisture paddy. The developed fluidized bed dryer was evaluated using four drying temperatures and two variations in fluidization time at a constant airflow, static pressure and tempering period. Complete drying of paddy with ≥28% (w.b.) initial MC was attained after 2 passes of fluidized-bed drying at 2 minutes exposure to 70 °C drying temperature and 4.9 m/s superficial air velocity, followed by 60 min ambient air tempering period (30 min without ventilation and 30 min with air ventilation) for a total drying time of 2.07 h. Around 82% from normal mechanical drying time was saved at 70 °C drying temperature. The drying cost was calculated to be P0.63 per kilogram of wet paddy. Specific heat energy consumption was only 2.84 MJ/kg of water removed. The Head Rice Yield recovery of the dried paddy passed the Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards. Sensory evaluation showed that the color and taste of the samples dried in the fluidized bed dryer were comparable to air dried paddy. The optimum drying parameters of using fluidized bed dryer is 70 oC drying temperature at 2 min fluidization time, 4.9 m/s superficial air velocity, 10.16 cm grain depth and 60 min ambient air tempering period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title="drying">drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed%20dryer" title=" fluidized bed dryer"> fluidized bed dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20rice%20yield" title=" head rice yield"> head rice yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paddy" title=" paddy"> paddy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38340/design-and-evaluation-of-a-fully-automated-fluidized-bed-dryer-for-complete-drying-of-paddy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics of a Bubbling Fluidized Bed in Wood Pellets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeyemi%20Fadipe">Opeyemi Fadipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Lee"> Seong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangming%20Chen"> Guangming Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Efe"> Steve Efe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In comparison to conventional combustion technologies, fluidized bed combustion has several advantages, such as superior heat transfer characteristics due to homogeneous particle mixing, lower temperature needs, nearly isothermal process conditions, and the ability to operate continuously. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can help anticipate the intricate combustion process and the hydrodynamics of a fluidized bed thoroughly by using CFD techniques. Bubbling Fluidized bed was model using the Eulerian-Eulerian model, including the kinetic theory of the flow. The model was validated by comparing it with other simulation of the fluidized bed. The effects of operational gas velocity, volume fraction, and feed rate were also investigated numerically. A higher gas velocity and feed rate cause an increase in fluidization of the bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title="fluidized bed">fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20gas%20velocity" title=" operational gas velocity"> operational gas velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20fraction" title=" volume fraction"> volume fraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168966/computational-fluid-dynamics-of-a-bubbling-fluidized-bed-in-wood-pellets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Effect of Equivalence Ratio on Performance of Fluidized Bed Gasifier Run with Sized Biomass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Makwana">J. P. Makwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Joshi"> A. K. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20N.%20Patel"> Rajesh N. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darshil%20Patel"> Darshil Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, fluidized bed gasification becomes an attractive technology for power generation due to its higher efficiency. The main objective pursued in this work is to investigate the producer gas production potential from sized biomass (sawdust and pigeon pea) by applying the air gasification technique. The size of the biomass selected for the study was in the range of 0.40-0.84 mm. An experimental study was conducted using a fluidized bed gasifier with 210 mm diameter and 1600 mm height. During the experiments, the fuel properties and the effects of operating parameters such as gasification temperatures 700 to 900 °C, equivalence ratio 0.16 to 0.46 were studied. It was concluded that substantial amounts of producer gas (up to 1110 kcal/m3) could be produced utilizing biomass such as sawdust and pigeon pea by applying this fluidization technique. For both samples, the rise of temperature till 900 °C and equivalence ratio of 0.4 favored further gasification reactions and resulted into producer gas with calorific value 1110 kcal/m3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sized%20biomass" title="sized biomass">sized biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed%20gasifier" title=" fluidized bed gasifier"> fluidized bed gasifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20profile" title=" temperature profile"> temperature profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20composition" title=" gas composition"> gas composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46520/effect-of-equivalence-ratio-on-performance-of-fluidized-bed-gasifier-run-with-sized-biomass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Improvement of Model for SIMMER Code for SFR Corium Relocation Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bachrata">A. Bachrata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Marie"> N. Marie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bertrand"> F. Bertrand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Droin"> J. B. Droin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The in-depth understanding of severe accident propagation in Generation IV of nuclear reactors is important so that appropriate risk management can be undertaken early in their design process. This paper is focused on model improvements in the SIMMER code in order to perform studies of severe accident mitigation of Sodium Fast Reactor. During the design process of the mitigation devices dedicated to extraction of molten fuel from the core region, the molten fuel propagation from the core up to the core catcher has to be studied. In this aim, analytical as well as the complex thermo-hydraulic simulations with SIMMER-III code are performed. The studies presented in this paper focus on physical phenomena and associated physical models that influence the corium relocation. Firstly, the molten pool heat exchange with surrounding structures is analysed since it influences directly the instant of rupture of the dedicated tubes favouring the corium relocation for mitigation purpose. After the corium penetration into mitigation tubes, the fuel-coolant interactions result in formation of debris bed. Analyses of debris bed fluidization as well as sinking into a fluid are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corium" title="corium">corium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20tubes" title=" mitigation tubes"> mitigation tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMMER-III" title=" SIMMER-III"> SIMMER-III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fast%20reactor" title=" sodium fast reactor"> sodium fast reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505/improvement-of-model-for-simmer-code-for-sfr-corium-relocation-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Some Accuracy Related Aspects in Two-Fluid Hydrodynamic Sub-Grid Modeling of Gas-Solid Riser Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Mouallem">Joseph Mouallem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Reza%20Amini%20Niaki"> Seyed Reza Amini Niaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norman%20Chavez-Cussy"> Norman Chavez-Cussy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Costa%20Milioli"> Christian Costa Milioli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Eduardo%20Milioli"> Fernando Eduardo Milioli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sub-grid closures for filtered two-fluid models (fTFM) useful in large scale simulations (LSS) of riser flows can be derived from highly resolved simulations (HRS) with microscopic two-fluid modeling (mTFM). Accurate sub-grid closures require accurate mTFM formulations as well as accurate correlation of relevant filtered parameters to suitable independent variables. This article deals with both of those issues. The accuracy of mTFM is touched by assessing the impact of gas sub-grid turbulence over HRS filtered predictions. A gas turbulence alike effect is artificially inserted by means of a stochastic forcing procedure implemented in the physical space over the momentum conservation equation of the gas phase. The correlation issue is touched by introducing a three-filtered variable correlation analysis (three-marker analysis) performed under a variety of different macro-scale conditions typical or risers. While the more elaborated correlation procedure clearly improved accuracy, accounting for gas sub-grid turbulence had no significant impact over predictions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidization" title="fluidization">fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-particle%20flow" title=" gas-particle flow"> gas-particle flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-fluid%20model" title=" two-fluid model"> two-fluid model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-grid%20models" title=" sub-grid models"> sub-grid models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtered%20closures" title=" filtered closures"> filtered closures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108519/some-accuracy-related-aspects-in-two-fluid-hydrodynamic-sub-grid-modeling-of-gas-solid-riser-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Performance of an Improved Fluidized System for Processing Green Tea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nickson%20Kipng%E2%80%99etich%20Lang%E2%80%99at">Nickson Kipng’etich Lang’at</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Thoruwa"> Thomas Thoruwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Abraham"> John Abraham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Wanyoko"> John Wanyoko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green tea is made from the top two leaves and buds of a shrub, <em>Camellia sinensis</em>, of the family Theaceae and the order Theales. The green tea leaves are picked and immediately sent to be dried or steamed to prevent fermentation. Fluid bed drying technique is a common drying method used in drying green tea because of its ease in design and construction and fluidization of fine tea particles. Major problems in this method are significant loss of chemical content of the leaf and green appearance of tea, retention of high moisture content in the leaves and bed channeling and defluidization. The energy associated with the drying technology has been shown to be a vital factor in determining the quality of green tea. As part of the implementation, prototype dryer was built that facilitated sequence of operations involving steaming, cooling, pre-drying and final drying. The major findings of the project were in terms of quality characteristics of tea leaves and energy consumption during processing. The optimal design achieved a moisture content of 4.2 ± 0.84%. With the optimum drying temperature of 100 ºC, the specific energy consumption was 1697.8 kj.Kg<sup>-1</sup> and evaporation rate of 4.272 x 10<sup>-4 </sup>Kg.m<sup>-2</sup>.s<sup>-1</sup>. The energy consumption in a fluidized system can be further reduced by focusing on energy saving designs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation%20rate" title="evaporation rate">evaporation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20bed%20dryer" title=" fluid bed dryer"> fluid bed dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maceration" title=" maceration"> maceration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20energy%20consumption" title=" specific energy consumption"> specific energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49974/performance-of-an-improved-fluidized-system-for-processing-green-tea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Characterization of Candlenut Shells and Its Application to Remove Oil and Fine Solids of Produced Water in Nutshell Filters of Water Cleaning Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annur%20Suhadi">Annur Suhadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haris%20B.%20Harahap"> Haris B. Harahap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaim%20Arrosyidi"> Zaim Arrosyidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Epan"> Epan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darmapala"> Darmapala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oilfields under waterflood often face the problem of plugging injectors either by internal filtration or external filter cake built up inside pore throats. The content of suspended solids shall be reduced to required level of filtration since corrective action of plugging is costly expensive. The performance of nutshell filters, where filtration takes place, is good using pecan and walnut shells. Candlenut shells were used instead of pecan and walnut shells since they were abundant in Indonesia, Malaysia, and East Africa. Physical and chemical properties of walnut, pecan, and candlenut shells were tested and the results were compared. Testing, using full-scale nutshell filters, was conducted to determine the oil content, turbidity, and suspended solid removal, which was based on designed flux rate. The performance of candlenut shells, which were deeply bedded in nutshell filters for filtration process, was monitored. Cleaned water outgoing nutshell filters had total suspended solids of 17 ppm, while oil content could be reduced to 15.1 ppm. Turbidity, using candlenut shells, was below the specification for injection water, which was less than 10 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU). Turbidity of water, outgoing nutshell filter, was ranged from 1.7-5.0 NTU at various dates of operation. Walnut, pecan, and candlenut shells had moisture content of 8.98 wt%, 10.95 wt%, and 9.95 wt%, respectively. The porosity of walnut, pecan, and candlenut shells was significantly affected by moisture content. Candlenut shells had property of toluene solubility of 7.68 wt%, which was much higher than walnut shells, reflecting more crude oil adsorption. The hardness of candlenut shells was 2.5-3 Mohs, which was close to walnut shells’ hardness. It was advantage to guarantee the cleaning filter cake by fluidization process during backwashing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=candlenut%20shells" title="candlenut shells">candlenut shells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtration" title=" filtration"> filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutshell%20filter" title=" nutshell filter"> nutshell filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pecan%20shells" title=" pecan shells"> pecan shells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walnut%20shells" title=" walnut shells "> walnut shells </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118388/characterization-of-candlenut-shells-and-its-application-to-remove-oil-and-fine-solids-of-produced-water-in-nutshell-filters-of-water-cleaning-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Engineering Study on the Handling of Date Palm Fronds to Reduce Waste and Used as Energy Environmentally Friendly Fuel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20H.%20Amer%20Eissa">Ayman H. Amer Eissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rahman%20O.%20Alghannam"> Abdul Rahman O. Alghannam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems faced by the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content of 8, 10 and 12% and 8, 10 and 12.8% w.b. were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (urea-formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8 % moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06 %, 93.64 % for date palm stalks (palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO2 emissions for date palm stalks (fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residues" title="residues">residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm%20stalks" title=" date palm stalks"> date palm stalks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chopper" title=" chopper"> chopper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=briquetting" title=" briquetting"> briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20properties" title=" quality properties"> quality properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3627/engineering-study-on-the-handling-of-date-palm-fronds-to-reduce-waste-and-used-as-energy-environmentally-friendly-fuel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Liposome Sterile Filtration Fouling: The Impact of Transmembrane Pressure on Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hercules%20Argyropoulos">Hercules Argyropoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20F.%20Johnson"> Thomas F. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20B%20Jackson"> Nigel B Jackson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalliopi%20Zourna"> Kalliopi Zourna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20G.%20Bracewell"> Daniel G. Bracewell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lipid encapsulation has become essential in drug delivery, notably for mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their sterile filtration poses challenges due to the risk of deformation, filter fouling and product loss from adsorption onto the membrane. Choosing the right filtration membrane is crucial to maintain sterility and integrity while minimizing product loss. The objective of this study is to develop a rigorous analytical framework utilizing confocal microscopy and filtration blocking models to elucidate the fouling mechanisms of liposomes as a model system for this class of delivery vehicle during sterile filtration, particularly in response to variations in transmembrane pressure (TMP) during the filtration process. Experiments were conducted using fluorescent Lipoid S100 PC liposomes formulated by micro fluidization and characterized by Multi-Angle Dynamic Light Scattering. Dual-layer PES/PES and PES/PVDF membranes with 0.2 μm pores were used for filtration under constant pressure, cycling from 30 psi to 5 psi and back to 30 psi, with 5, 6, and 5-minute intervals. Cross-sectional membrane samples were prepared by microtome slicing and analyzed with confocal microscopy. Liposome characterization revealed a particle size range of 100-140 nm and an average concentration of 2.93x10¹¹ particles/mL. Goodness-of-fit analysis of flux decline data at varying TMPs identified the intermediate blocking model as most accurate at 30 psi and the cake filtration model at 5 psi. Membrane resistance analysis showed atypical behavior compared to therapeutic proteins, with resistance remaining below 1.38×10¹¹ m⁻¹ at 30 psi, increasing over fourfold at 5 psi, and then decreasing to 1-1.3-fold when pressure was returned to 30 psi. This suggests that increased flow/shear deforms liposomes enabling them to more effectively navigate membrane pores. Confocal microscopy indicated that liposome fouling mainly occurred in the upper parts of the dual-layer membrane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sterile%20filtration" title="sterile filtration">sterile filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20resistance" title=" membrane resistance"> membrane resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidization" title=" microfluidization"> microfluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confocal%20microscopy" title=" confocal microscopy"> confocal microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liposomes" title=" liposomes"> liposomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtration%20blocking%20models" title=" filtration blocking models"> filtration blocking models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193171/liposome-sterile-filtration-fouling-the-impact-of-transmembrane-pressure-on-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Organic Rejection and Membrane Fouling with Inorganic Alumina Membrane for Industrial Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Ahmad">Rizwan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soomin%20Chang"> Soomin Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daeun%20Kwon"> Daeun Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonghwan%20Kim"> Jeonghwan Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interests in an inorganic membrane are growing rapidly for industrial wastewater treatment due to its excellent chemical and thermal stability over polymeric membrane. Nevertheless, understanding of the membrane rejection and fouling rate caused by the deposit of contaminants on membrane surface and within membrane pores through inorganic porous membranes still requires much attention. Microfiltration alumina membranes were developed and applied for the industrial wastewater treatment to investigate rejection efficiency of organic contaminant and membrane fouling at various operational conditions. In this study, organic rejection and membrane fouling were investigated by using the alumina flat-tubular membrane developed for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. The flat-tubular alumina membranes were immersed in a fluidized membrane reactor added with granular activated carbon (GAC) particles. Fluidization was driven by recirculating a bulk industrial wastewater along membrane surface through the reactor. In the absence of GAC particles, for hazardous anionic dye contaminants, functional group characterized by the organic contaminant was found as one of the main factors affecting both membrane rejection and fouling rate. More fouling on the membrane surface led to the existence of dipolar characterizations and this was more pronounced at lower solution pH, thereby improving membrane rejection accordingly. Similar result was observed with a real metal-plating wastewater. Strong correlation was found that higher fouling rate resulted in higher organic rejection efficiency. Hydrophilicity exhibited by alumina membrane improved the organic rejection efficiency of the membrane due to the formation of hydrophilic fouling layer deposited on it. In addition, less surface roughness of alumina membrane resulted in less fouling rate. Regardless of the operational conditions applied in this study, fluidizing the GAC particles along the surface of alumina membrane was very effective to enhance organic removal efficiency higher than 95% and provide an excellent tool to reduce membrane fouling. Less than 0.1 bar as suction pressure was maintained with the alumina membrane at 25 L/m²hr of permeate set-point flux during the whole operational periods without performing any backwashing and chemical enhanced cleaning for the membrane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20membrane" title="alumina membrane">alumina membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20membrane%20reactor" title=" fluidized membrane reactor"> fluidized membrane reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20wastewater" title=" industrial wastewater"> industrial wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20fouling" title=" membrane fouling"> membrane fouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rejection" title=" rejection"> rejection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102592/organic-rejection-and-membrane-fouling-with-inorganic-alumina-membrane-for-industrial-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> CFD-DEM Modelling of Liquid Fluidizations of Ellipsoidal Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmaeil%20Abbaszadeh%20Molaei">Esmaeil Abbaszadeh Molaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zongyan%20Zhou"> Zongyan Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aibing%20Yu"> Aibing Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The applications of liquid fluidizations have been increased in many parts of industries such as particle classification, backwashing of granular filters, crystal growth, leaching and washing, and bioreactors due to high-efficient liquid–solid contact, favorable mass and heat transfer, high operation flexibilities, and reduced back mixing of phases. In most of these multiphase operations the particles properties, i.e. size, density, and shape, may change during the process because of attrition, coalescence or chemical reactions. Previous studies, either experimentally or numerically, mainly have focused on studies of liquid-solid fluidized beds containing spherical particles; however, the role of particle shape on the hydrodynamics of liquid fluidized beds is still not well-known. A three-dimensional Discrete Element Model (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are coupled to study the influence of particles shape on particles and liquid flow patterns in liquid-solid fluidized beds. In the simulations, ellipsoid particles are used to study the shape factor since they can represent a wide range of particles shape from oblate and sphere to prolate shape particles. Different particle shapes from oblate (disk shape) to elongated particles (rod shape) are selected to investigate the effect of aspect ratio on different flow characteristics such as general particles and liquid flow pattern, pressure drop, and particles orientation. First, the model is verified based on experimental observations, then further detail analyses are made. It was found that spherical particles showed a uniform particle distribution in the bed, which resulted in uniform pressure drop along the bed height. However for particles with aspect ratios less than one (disk-shape), some particles were carried into the freeboard region, and the interface between the bed and freeboard was not easy to be determined. A few particle also intended to leave the bed. On the other hand, prolate particles showed different behaviour in the bed. They caused unstable interface and some flow channeling was observed for low liquid velocities. Because of the non-uniform particles flow pattern for particles with aspect ratios lower (oblate) and more (prolate) than one, the pressure drop distribution in the bed was not observed as uniform as what was found for spherical particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ellipsoid" title=" ellipsoid"> ellipsoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidization" title=" fluidization"> fluidization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flow" title=" multiphase flow"> multiphase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-spherical" title=" non-spherical"> non-spherical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58426/cfd-dem-modelling-of-liquid-fluidizations-of-ellipsoidal-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Syngas From Polypropylene Gasification in a Fluidized Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Rapagn%C3%A0">Sergio Rapagnà</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Antonio%20Papa"> Alessandro Antonio Papa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armando%20Vitale"> Armando Vitale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andre%20Di%20Carlo"> Andre Di Carlo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years the world population has enormously increased the use of plastic products for their living needs, in particular for transporting and storing consumer goods such as food and beverage. Plastics are widely used in the automotive industry, in construction of electronic equipment, clothing and home furnishings. Over the last 70 years, the annual production of plastic products has increased from 2 million tons to 460 million tons. About 20% of the last quantity is mismanaged as waste. The consequence of this mismanagement is the release of plastic waste into the terrestrial and marine environments which represents a danger to human health and the ecosystem. Recycling all plastics is difficult because they are often made with mixtures of polymers that are incompatible with each other and contain different additives. The products obtained are always of lower quality and after two/three recycling cycles they must be eliminated either by thermal treatment to produce heat or disposed of in landfill. An alternative to these current solutions is to obtain a mixture of gases rich in H₂, CO and CO₂ suitable for being profitably used for the production of chemicals with consequent savings fossil sources. Obtaining a hydrogen-rich syngas can be achieved by gasification process using the fluidized bed reactor, in presence of steam as the fluidization medium. The fluidized bed reactor allows the gasification process of plastics to be carried out at a constant temperature and allows the use of different plastics with different compositions and different grain sizes. Furthermore, during the gasification process the use of steam increase the gasification of char produced by the first pyrolysis/devolatilization process of the plastic particles. The bed inventory can be made with particles having catalytic properties such as olivine, capable to catalyse the steam reforming reactions of heavy hydrocarbons normally called tars, with a consequent increase in the quantity of gases produced. The plant is composed of a fluidized bed reactor made of AISI 310 steel, having an internal diameter of 0.1 m, containing 3 kg of olivine particles as a bed inventory. The reactor is externally heated by an oven up to 1000 °C. The hot producer gases that exit the reactor, after being cooled, are quantified using a mass flow meter. Gas analyzers are present to measure instantly the volumetric composition of H₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄ and NH₃. At the conference, the results obtained from the continuous gasification of polypropylene (PP) particles in a steam atmosphere at temperatures of 840-860 °C will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title="gasification">gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title=" fluidized bed"> fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olivine" title=" olivine"> olivine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropyle" title=" polypropyle"> polypropyle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188866/syngas-from-polypropylene-gasification-in-a-fluidized-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Investigation of a Single Feedstock Particle during Pyrolysis in Fluidized Bed Reactors via X-Ray Imaging Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano%20Iannello">Stefano Iannello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massimiliano%20Materazzi"> Massimiliano Materazzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluidized bed reactor technologies are one of the most valuable pathways for thermochemical conversions of biogenic fuels due to their good operating flexibility. Nevertheless, there are still issues related to the mixing and separation of heterogeneous phases during operation with highly volatile feedstocks, including biomass and waste. At high temperatures, the volatile content of the feedstock is released in the form of the so-called endogenous bubbles, which generally exert a “lift” effect on the particle itself by dragging it up to the bed surface. Such phenomenon leads to high release of volatile matter into the freeboard and limited mass and heat transfer with particles of the bed inventory. The aim of this work is to get a better understanding of the behaviour of a single reacting particle in a hot fluidized bed reactor during the devolatilization stage. The analysis has been undertaken at different fluidization regimes and temperatures to closely mirror the operating conditions of waste-to-energy processes. Beechwood and polypropylene particles were used to resemble the biomass and plastic fractions present in waste materials, respectively. The non-invasive X-ray technique was coupled to particle tracking algorithms to characterize the motion of a single feedstock particle during the devolatilization with high resolution. A high-energy X-ray beam passes through the vessel where absorption occurs, depending on the distribution and amount of solids and fluids along the beam path. A high-speed video camera is synchronised to the beam and provides frame-by-frame imaging of the flow patterns of fluids and solids within the fluidized bed up to 72 fps (frames per second). A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed in order to validate the experimental results. Beech wood and polypropylene particles have shown a very different dynamic behaviour during the pyrolysis stage. When the feedstock is fed from the bottom, the plastic material tends to spend more time within the bed than the biomass. This behaviour can be attributed to the presence of the endogenous bubbles, which drag effect is more pronounced during the devolatilization of biomass, resulting in a lower residence time of the particle within the bed. At the typical operating temperatures of thermochemical conversions, the synthetic polymer softens and melts, and the bed particles attach on its outer surface, generating a wet plastic-sand agglomerate. Consequently, this additional layer of sand may hinder the rapid evolution of volatiles in the form of endogenous bubbles, and therefore the establishment of a poor drag effect acting on the feedstock itself. Information about the mixing and segregation of solid feedstock is of prime importance for the design and development of more efficient industrial-scale operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title="fluidized bed">fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20feedstock" title=" waste feedstock"> waste feedstock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray" title=" X-ray"> X-ray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141557/investigation-of-a-single-feedstock-particle-during-pyrolysis-in-fluidized-bed-reactors-via-x-ray-imaging-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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