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aria-controls="toc-Realms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Realms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Realms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Around the world</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Around the world subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cameroon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameroon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Cameroon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameroon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Ghana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guinea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guinea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Guinea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guinea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ivory_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ivory_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Ivory Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ivory_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Liberia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Mali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sierra_Leone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sierra_Leone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.8</span> <span>Sierra Leone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sierra_Leone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.9</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zimbabwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zimbabwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.10</span> <span>Zimbabwe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zimbabwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Albania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.5</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.6</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.7</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.8</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.9</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.10</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.11</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.12</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.13</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.14</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Secret society</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تنظيم سري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنظيم سري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizli_c%C9%99miyy%C9%99t" title="Gizli cəmiyyət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gizli cəmiyyət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тайно общество – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тайно общество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat_secreta" title="Societat secreta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Societat secreta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajn%C3%A1_spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Tajná společnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tajná společnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geheimbund" title="Geheimbund – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geheimbund" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sala%C3%BChing" title="Salaühing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Salaühing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_secreta" title="Sociedad secreta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sociedad secreta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekreta_societo" title="Sekreta societo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sekreta societo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilpeko_elkarte" title="Isilpeko elkarte – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Isilpeko elkarte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%81%DB%8C" title="انجمن مخفی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجمن مخفی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_secr%C3%A8te" title="Société secrète – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Société secrète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade_secreta" title="Sociedade secreta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sociedade secreta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B0%80%EA%B2%B0%EC%82%AC" title="비밀결사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비밀결사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungiyar_Asiri" title="Kungiyar Asiri – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kungiyar Asiri" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գաղտնի կազմակերպություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաղտնի կազմակերպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="गुप्त समाज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुप्त समाज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajna_dru%C5%A1tva" title="Tajna društva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tajna društva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkumpulan_rahasia" title="Perkumpulan rahasia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perkumpulan rahasia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_segreta" title="Società segreta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Società segreta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אגודת סתרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגודת סתרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%98" title="ಗುಪ್ತ ಸಂಘ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುಪ್ತ ಸಂಘ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societas_secreta" title="Societas secreta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Societas secreta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тајно друштво – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тајно друштво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="രഹസ്യ സമൂഹങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രഹസ്യ സമൂഹങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_rahsia" title="Gerakan rahsia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gerakan rahsia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%86_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Нууц нийгэмлэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нууц нийгэмлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geheim_genootschap" title="Geheim genootschap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geheim genootschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E7%B5%90%E7%A4%BE" title="秘密結社 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="秘密結社" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat_secr%C3%A8ta" title="Societat secrèta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Societat secrèta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajny_zwi%C4%85zek" title="Tajny związek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tajny związek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade_secreta" title="Sociedade secreta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sociedade secreta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societate_secret%C4%83" title="Societate secretă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Societate secretă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тайное общество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тайное общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoq%C3%ABria_sekrete" title="Shoqëria sekrete – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shoqëria sekrete" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Secret society" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajn%C3%A1_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5" title="Tajná spoločnosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tajná spoločnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrivna_dru%C5%BEba" title="Skrivna družba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skrivna družba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тајно друштво – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тајно друштво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajno_dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Tajno društvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tajno društvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaseura" title="Salaseura – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Salaseura" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இரகசிய சமூகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரகசிய சமூகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizli_cemiyet" title="Gizli cemiyet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gizli cemiyet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Таємні товариства – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таємні товариства" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_b%C3%AD_m%E1%BA%ADt" title="Tổ chức bí mật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức bí mật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organization hiding details from non-members</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Secret_society_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Secret society (disambiguation)">Secret society (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secret_Society_Buildings_New_Haven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Secret_Society_Buildings_New_Haven.jpg/300px-Secret_Society_Buildings_New_Haven.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Secret_Society_Buildings_New_Haven.jpg/450px-Secret_Society_Buildings_New_Haven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Secret_Society_Buildings_New_Haven.jpg/600px-Secret_Society_Buildings_New_Haven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>"Secret Society Buildings at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale College</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Donlevy" title="Alice Donlevy">Alice Donlevy</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span>. Pictured are: <a href="/wiki/Psi_Upsilon" title="Psi Upsilon">Psi Upsilon</a> (<i>Beta chapter)</i>, 120 High Street. Left center: <a href="/wiki/Skull_and_Bones" title="Skull and Bones">Skull and Bones</a> (Russell Trust Association), 64 High Street. Right center: <a href="/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Delta Kappa Epsilon">Delta Kappa Epsilon</a> (<i>Phi chapter</i>), east side of York Street, south of Elm Street. Bottom: <a href="/wiki/Scroll_and_Key" title="Scroll and Key">Scroll and Key</a> (Kingsley Trust SSS Nonse Association), 490 College Street.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>secret society</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a> about which the activities, events, inner functioning, or membership are concealed. The <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> may or may not attempt to conceal its existence. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence agencies">intelligence agencies</a> or <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Double-leaf_frontispiece_from_%22The_Epistles_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Double-leaf_frontispiece_from_%22The_Epistles_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity%22.jpg/310px-Double-leaf_frontispiece_from_%22The_Epistles_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Double-leaf_frontispiece_from_%22The_Epistles_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity%22.jpg/465px-Double-leaf_frontispiece_from_%22The_Epistles_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Double-leaf_frontispiece_from_%22The_Epistles_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity%22.jpg/620px-Double-leaf_frontispiece_from_%22The_Epistles_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4120" data-file-height="2647" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Brethren_of_Purity" title="Brethren of Purity">Brethren of Purity</a> were a secret society<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, in the 9th or 10th century CE.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exact qualifications for labeling a group a secret society are disputed, but definitions generally rely on the degree to which the organization insists on secrecy, and might involve the retention and transmission of secret knowledge, the denial of membership or knowledge of the group, the creation of personal bonds between members of the organization, and the use of secret rites or rituals which solidify<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> members of the group. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropologically</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historically" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically">historically</a>, secret societies have been deeply interlinked with the concept of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nnerbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Männerbund">Männerbund</a>, the all-male "warrior-band" or "warrior-society" of pre-modern cultures (see H. Schurtz, <i>Alterklassen und Männerbünde</i>, Berlin, 1902; <a href="/wiki/Arnold_van_Gennep" title="Arnold van Gennep">A. Van Gennep</a>, <i>The Rites of Passage</i>, Chicago, 1960). </p><p>A purported "<a href="/wiki/Family_tree" title="Family tree">family tree</a> of secret societies" has been proposed, although it may not be comprehensive.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alan_Axelrod" title="Alan Axelrod">Alan Axelrod</a>, author of the <i>International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defines a secret society as an organization that: </p> <ul><li>is exclusive</li> <li>claims to own special secrets</li> <li>shows a strong inclination to favor its members.</li></ul> <p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spence" title="Richard B. Spence">Richard B. Spence</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a> offered a similar three-pronged definition: </p> <ul><li>The group's existence is usually not kept secret, but some beliefs or practices are concealed from the public and require an oath of secrecy and loyalty to learn.</li> <li>The group promises superior status or knowledge to members.</li> <li>The group's membership is in some way restrictive, such as by <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">race</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_affiliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious affiliation">religious affiliation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Invitation_system" title="Invitation system">invitation</a> only.</li></ul> <p>Spence also proposes a sub-category of "<a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">Elite</a> Secret Societies" (composed of high-income or socially <a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">influential</a> people) and notes that secret societies have a frequent if not universal tendency towards factionalism, <a href="/wiki/Intragroup_conflict" title="Intragroup conflict">infighting</a>, and claiming origins older than can be reliably documented. Spence's definition includes groups traditionally thought of as secret societies (<a href="/wiki/Freemasons" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosicrucians" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosicrucians">Rosicrucians</a>) and other groups not so traditionally classified such as certain organized crime cabals (<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">the Mafia</a>), religious groups (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Order of Assassins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>) and political movements (<a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolsheviks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society" title="Black Dragon Society">Black Dragon Society</a>). </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Ridley" title="Jasper Ridley">Jasper Ridley</a> says that <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> is "the world's most powerful secret Society".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization "<a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Latin</a> for "Work of God") is portrayed as a "secret society"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. Critics such as the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Wlodimir_Led%C3%B3chowski" title="Wlodimir Ledóchowski">Wladimir Ledóchowski</a> sometimes refer to Opus Dei as a Catholic (or <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> or "<a href="/wiki/White_race" class="mw-redirect" title="White race">white</a>") form of <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other critics label Opus Dei as "Holy Mafia"<sup id="cite_ref-Pilapil_1971_211–221_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilapil_1971_211–221-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Santa Mafia"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Association" title="National Christian Association">National Christian Association</a> (1868–1983) is an example of an organization opposed to secret societies.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuerbringer1927_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuerbringer1927-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Realms">Realms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Realms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because some secret societies have <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> aims, they are illegal in several countries. Italy (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy#Civil_Relations_.28Articles_13-28.29" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of Italy, Section 2, Articles 13–28</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, ban secret political parties and <a href="/wiki/Political_organisation" title="Political organisation">political organizations</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">constitutions</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_secret_societies_in_North_America" title="Collegiate secret societies in North America">Collegiate secret societies in North America</a></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_secret_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate secret societies">student societies</a> established on university campuses in the United States have been considered secret societies. Perhaps one of the most famous secret collegiate societies is <a href="/wiki/Skull_and_Bones" title="Skull and Bones">Skull and Bones</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of undergraduate secret societies at colleges such as <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> has been publicly acknowledged, if anonymously and circumspectly, since the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/British_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="British universities">British universities</a> have a long history of secret societies or quasi-secret clubs, such as <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitt Club">The Pitt Club</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-varsity_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varsity-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bully_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bully-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bullingdon_Club" title="Bullingdon Club">Bullingdon Club</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bully_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bully-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kate_Kennedy_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kate Kennedy Club (page does not exist)">Kate Kennedy Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Kensington_Club" title="The Kensington Club">The Kensington Club</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praetorian_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praetorian Club (page does not exist)">Praetorian Club</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/The_16%27_Club" title="The 16' Club">16' Club</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales,_Trinity_Saint_David" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wales, Trinity Saint David">St David's College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another British secret society is the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Apostles" title="Cambridge Apostles">Cambridge Apostles</a>, founded as an essay and debating society in 1820. Not all British universities host solely academic secret societies; both <a href="/wiki/The_Night_Climbers_of_Cambridge" title="The Night Climbers of Cambridge">The Night Climbers of Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Night_Climbers_of_Oxford" title="The Night Climbers of Oxford">The Night Climbers of Oxford</a> require both brains and brawn. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vandermonde" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandermonde">Vandermonde</a> is the secret society of the <a href="/wiki/Conservatoire_National_des_Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers">Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable examples in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> include <a href="/wiki/Episkopon" title="Episkopon">Episkopon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>'s <a href="/wiki/University_of_Trinity_College" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Trinity College">Trinity College</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_Thoth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Society of Thoth">Society of Thoth</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Secret societies are disallowed in a few colleges. The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Military_Institute" title="Virginia Military Institute">Virginia Military Institute</a> has rules that no cadet may join a secret society,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and secret societies have been banned at <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a> from 1847<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the present,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> since the beginning of the 20th century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Confraternities_in_Nigeria" title="Confraternities in Nigeria">Confraternities in Nigeria</a> are secret-society-like student groups within <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, some of which have histories of violence and <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>. The exact death toll from confraternity activities is unclear. One estimate in 2002 was that 250 people had been killed in campus cult-related murders in the previous decade,<sup id="cite_ref-irin_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irin-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Exam Ethics Project lobby group estimated that 115 students and teachers had been killed between 1993 and 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-cults_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cults-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mandatory Monday Association is thought to operate out of a variety of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> universities including the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force_Academy" title="Australian Defence Force Academy">Australian Defence Force Academy</a>. The Association has numerous chapters that meet only on Mondays to discuss business and carry out rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only secret society abolished and then legalized is that of The <a href="/wiki/Philomaths" title="Philomaths">Philomaths</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is now a legitimate academic association founded on a strict selection of its members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While their existence had been speculated for years, <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>-based secret societies first became known to the public in 2012 when <a href="/wiki/Cicada_3301" title="Cicada 3301">Cicada 3301</a> began recruiting from the public via Internet-based puzzles.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goals of the society remain unknown, but it is believed to be involved in <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metro_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metro-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Around_the_world">Around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following contemporary and historic secret societies formed in Africa, by country: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cameroon">Cameroon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cameroon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekpe" title="Ekpe">Ekpe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ghana">Ghana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ghana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simo_(society)" title="Simo (society)">Simo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guinea">Guinea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Guinea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poro" title="Poro">Poro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sande_society" title="Sande society">Sande society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ivory_Coast">Ivory Coast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ivory Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poro" title="Poro">Poro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sande_society" title="Sande society">Sande society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Liberia">Liberia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Liberia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Society" title="Crocodile Society">Crocodile Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poro" title="Poro">Poro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sande_society" title="Sande society">Sande society</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mali">Mali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simo_(society)" title="Simo (society)">Simo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekpe" title="Ekpe">Ekpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nze_na_Ozo" title="Nze na Ozo">Nze na Ozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogboni">Ogboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternities_in_Nigeria" title="Confraternities in Nigeria">Confraternities in Nigeria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sierra_Leone">Sierra Leone</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sierra Leone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Society" title="Crocodile Society">Crocodile Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_Society" title="Leopard Society">Leopard Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poro" title="Poro">Poro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sande_society" title="Sande society">Sande society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simo_(society)" title="Simo (society)">Simo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Broederbond" title="Afrikaner Broederbond">Afrikaner Broederbond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikanerbond" title="Afrikanerbond">Afrikanerbond</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyau" title="Nyau">Nyau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies played a major role in Chinese affairs for centuries. They were a key aspect of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Qing_sentiment" title="Anti-Qing sentiment">Anti-Qing sentiments</a> of the 20th century. After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, they were tacitly supported by and actively collaborated with the Nationalist government. Having played prominent roles in history, they were targeted by the anti-secret society campaigns of the newly established government of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> during the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of Chinese secret societies include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_movement" title="Boxer movement">Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_San_Secret_Society" title="Hai San Secret Society">Hai San Secret Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lanterns_(Boxer_Uprising)" title="Red Lanterns (Boxer Uprising)">Red Lanterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Spear_Society" title="Red Spear Society">Red Spear Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandihui" title="Tiandihui">Tiandihui</a>, Society of the Heaven and the Earth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sand_Society" title="Yellow Sand Society">Yellow Sand Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lotus_Societies" title="White Lotus Societies">White Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Kingdom_of_Everlasting_Satisfaction" title="Heavenly Kingdom of Everlasting Satisfaction">Heavenly Kingdom of Everlasting Satisfaction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Mandali" title="Paramahansa Mandali">Paramahansa Mandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat_Society" title="Abhinav Bharat Society">Abhinav Bharti</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society" title="Black Dragon Society">Black Dragon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Leaf_Society" title="Double Leaf Society">Double Leaf Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gen%27y%C5%8Dsha" title="Gen'yōsha">Gen'yōsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Dragon_(order)" title="Green Dragon (order)">Green Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Soon_Tong" title="Ang Soon Tong">Ang Soon Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghee_Hin_Kongsi" title="Ghee Hin Kongsi">Ghee Hin Kongsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wah_Kee" title="Wah Kee">Wah Kee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Liga_Filipina" title="La Liga Filipina">La Liga Filipina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Singapore">Singapore</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Secret_societies_in_Singapore" title="Secret societies in Singapore">Secret societies in Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secret_societies_in_colonial_Singapore" title="Secret societies in colonial Singapore">Secret societies in colonial Singapore</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Soon_Tong" title="Ang Soon Tong">Ang Soon Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghee_Hin_Kongsi" title="Ghee Hin Kongsi">Ghee Hin Kongsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salakau" title="Salakau">Salakau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wah_Kee" title="Wah Kee">Wah Kee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonary" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasonary">Freemasonary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies in Australia include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows" title="Odd Fellows">Odd Fellows</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Antediluvian_Order_of_Buffaloes" title="Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes">Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_(organization)" title="Tong (organization)">Tong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several secret societies existing across Europe, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Order_of_Freesmiths" title="Ancient Order of Freesmiths">Ancient Order of Freesmiths</a> (<i>Freischmiede</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templars_of_Honor_and_Temperance" title="Templars of Honor and Temperance">Templars of Honor and Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosicrucianism" title="Rosicrucianism">Rosicrucianism</a></li></ul> <p>Other organizations are listed by country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Albania">Albania</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Albania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Society_for_Salvation" title="Black Society for Salvation">Black Society for Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Albania" title="Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania">Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Secret_Central_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee">Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Secret_Revolutionary_Brotherhood" title="Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood">Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Secret_Central_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee">Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Youth_Secret_Revolutionary_Organization" title="Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization">Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finland">Finland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Society" title="Aurora Society">Aurora Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhallaorden" title="Valhallaorden">Valhallaorden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Polish_Youth_%22Zet%22" title="Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"">Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbaki_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbaki group">Bourbaki group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnons_du_Devoir" title="Compagnons du Devoir">Compagnons du Devoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Company of the Blessed Sacrament">Company of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellinoglosso_Xenodocheio" title="Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio">Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%A9ron_du_Val_d%27Or" title="Hiéron du Val d'Or">Hiéron du Val d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Solar_Temple" title="Order of the Solar Temple">Order of the Solar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory_of_Sion" title="Priory of Sion">Priory of Sion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Rights_of_Man" title="Society of the Rights of Man">Society of the Rights of Man</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Order_of_Freesmiths" title="Ancient Order of Freesmiths">Ancient Order of Freesmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Polish_Youth_%22Zet%22" title="Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"">Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanenorden" title="Germanenorden">Germanenorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_New_Templars" title="Order of the New Templars">Order of the New Templars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnez-Truppe" title="Schnez-Truppe">Schnez-Truppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugendbund" title="Tugendbund">Tugendbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ancient_Order_of_Druids" title="United Ancient Order of Druids">United Ancient Order of Druids</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Team" title="Epsilon Team">Epsilon Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethniki_Etaireia" title="Ethniki Etaireia">Ethniki Etaireia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_(Ireland)" title="Defenders (Ireland)">Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellfire_Club" title="Hellfire Club">Hellfire Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Maguires" title="Molly Maguires">Molly Maguires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch_Purple" title="Royal Arch Purple">Royal Arch Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteboys" title="Whiteboys">Whiteboys</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italy">Italy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio_Operaio" title="Fascio Operaio">Fascio Operaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Knights of the Apocalypse">Knights of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">Propaganda Due</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poland">Poland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Polish_Youth_%22Zet%22" title="Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"">Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzewie" title="Zarzewie">Zarzewie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portugal">Portugal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon%C3%A1ria" title="Carbonária">Carbonária</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Christ" title="Military Order of Christ">Military Order of Christ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Polish_Youth_%22Zet%22" title="Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"">Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyubomudry" title="Lyubomudry">Lyubomudry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrashevsky_Circle" title="Petrashevsky Circle">Petrashevsky Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Macedonian-Adrianople_Circle" title="Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Circle">Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Society_of_the_Decembrists" title="Southern Society of the Decembrists">Southern Society of the Decembrists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Prosperity" title="Union of Prosperity">Union of Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Salvation" title="Union of Salvation">Union of Salvation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serbia">Serbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hand_(Serbia)" title="Black Hand (Serbia)">Black Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Board_for_Serb_Liberation" title="Main Board for Serb Liberation">Main Board for Serb Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_secret_organization_in_eastern_Bosnia_(1849%E2%80%931855)" title="Serbian secret organization in eastern Bosnia (1849–1855)">Serbian secret organization in eastern Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hand_(Serbia)" title="White Hand (Serbia)">White Hand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Disinherited_(group)" title="The Disinherited (group)">The Disinherited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Negra_affair" title="Mano Negra affair">Mano Negra (Black Hand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Exterminating_Angel" title="Society of the Exterminating Angel">Society of the Exterminating Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Military_Union" title="Spanish Military Union">Spanish Military Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullingdon_Club" title="Bullingdon Club">Bullingdon Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calves%27_Head_Club" title="Calves' Head Club">Calves' Head Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Apostles" title="Cambridge Apostles">Cambridge Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederacy_(British_political_group)" title="Confederacy (British political group)">Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gormogons" title="Gormogons">Gormogons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Hertford_Street" title="5 Hertford Street">5 Hertford Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellfire_Club" title="Hellfire Club">Hellfire Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Horseman%27s_Word" title="The Horseman's Word">The Horseman's Word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Maguires" title="Molly Maguires">Molly Maguires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Climbers_of_Cambridge" title="The Night Climbers of Cambridge">The Night Climbers of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Climbers_of_Oxford" title="The Night Climbers of Oxford">The Night Climbers of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows" title="Odd Fellows">Odd Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_Brotherhood" title="Odin Brotherhood">Odin Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Chaeronea" title="Order of Chaeronea">Order of Chaeronea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Druids" title="Order of Druids">Order of Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Free_Gardeners" title="Order of Free Gardeners">Order of Free Gardeners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Antediluvian_Order_of_Buffaloes" title="Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes">Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_16%27_Club" title="The 16' Club">The 16' Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_School_of_Night" title="The School of Night">The School of Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Cattle" title="Scotch Cattle">Scotch Cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealed_Knot" title="Sealed Knot">Sealed Knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_(organization)" title="Tong (organization)">Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ancient_Order_of_Druids" title="United Ancient Order of Druids">United Ancient Order of Druids</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_secret_societies_in_North_America" title="Collegiate secret societies in North America">Collegiate secret societies in North America</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies in Canada that are non-collegiate include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_United_States" title="Freemasonry in the United States">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters%27_Lodges" title="Hunters' Lodges">Hunters' Lodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Order_of_Odd_Fellows" title="Independent Order of Odd Fellows">Independent Order of Odd Fellows</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Solar_Temple" title="Order of the Solar Temple">Order of the Solar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordre_de_Jacques-Cartier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordre de Jacques-Cartier (page does not exist)">Ordre de Jacques-Cartier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_Jacques-Cartier" class="extiw" title="fr:Ordre de Jacques-Cartier">fr</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.E.O._Sisterhood" title="P.E.O. Sisterhood">P.E.O. Sisterhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_(organization)" title="Tong (organization)">Tong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cuba">Cuba</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaku%C3%A1" title="Abakuá">Abakuá</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secret societies in the United States that are non-collegiate include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaku%C3%A1" title="Abakuá">Abakuá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Protestant_Association" title="American Protestant Association">American Protestant Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_American_Yeomen" title="Brotherhood of American Yeomen">Brotherhood of American Yeomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_United_States" title="Freemasonry in the United States">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters%27_Lodges" title="Hunters' Lodges">Hunters' Lodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Knights_of_Columbus" title="History of the Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Golden_Circle" title="Knights of the Golden Circle">Knights of the Golden Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Liberty_(vigilante_group)" title="Knights of Liberty (vigilante group)">Knights of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Reciprocity" title="Knights of Reciprocity">Knights of Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Maguires" title="Molly Maguires">Molly Maguires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows" title="Odd Fellows">Odd Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_Spangled_Banner" title="Order of the Star Spangled Banner">Order of the Star Spangled Banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Graham_Burnett#The_Order_of_the_Third_Bird" title="D. Graham Burnett">The Order of the Third Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_(organization)" title="Tong (organization)">Tong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_Brigades_of_St._Joan_of_Arc" title="Feminine Brigades of St. Joan of Arc">Feminine Brigades of St. Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Yunque_(organization)" title="El Yunque (organization)">El Yunque (organization)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shindo_Renmei" title="Shindo Renmei">Shindo Renmei</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition">Opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> strongly opposed secret societies, especially <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">the Freemasons</a>. It did relent somewhat <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">in the United States</a> and allowed membership in <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">labour unions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Knights_of_Columbus" title="History of the Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a>, but not the Masons.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> continue to forbid their members from joining secret societies in the 21st century, such as the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Wesleyan_Methodist_Connection" title="Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection">Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AWMC2014_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWMC2014-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_secret_societies_in_North_America" title="Collegiate secret societies in North America">Collegiate secret societies in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">Cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_school_secret_societies" title="High school secret societies">High school secret societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDaraul2015" class="citation book cs1">Daraul, Arkon (6 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aEdvCwAAQBAJ"><i>A History Of Secret Societies</i></a>. Pickle Partners Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78625-613-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78625-613-3"><bdi>978-1-78625-613-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+Of+Secret+Societies&rft.pub=Pickle+Partners+Publishing&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft.isbn=978-1-78625-613-3&rft.aulast=Daraul&rft.aufirst=Arkon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaEdvCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevens (1899), p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Checkmark Books (1998), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816038716" title="Special:BookSources/0816038716">0816038716</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spence, Richard B. <i>The Real History of Secret Societies</i> (2019), <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Courses" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Courses">The Great Courses</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJasper_Ridley2011" class="citation book cs1">Jasper Ridley (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h7q3VIZCiwQC"><i>The Freemasons: A History of the World's Most Powerful Secret Society</i></a>. Arcade. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-010-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-010-1"><bdi>978-1-61145-010-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Freemasons%3A+A+History+of+the+World%27s+Most+Powerful+Secret+Society&rft.pub=Arcade&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61145-010-1&rft.au=Jasper+Ridley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh7q3VIZCiwQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span> see also Jeffers, H. Paul. <i>Freemasons: A History and Exploration of the World's Oldest Secret Society.</i> (Citadel Press, 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalsh" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, Michael. <i>OPUS DEI: An Investigation into the Secret Society Struggling for Power within the Roman Catholic Church</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OPUS+DEI%3A+An+Investigation+into+the+Secret+Society+Struggling+for+Power+within+the+Roman+Catholic+Church&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Secret Society: Opus Dei - Catholicism's Secret Sect</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Society%3A+Opus+Dei+-+Catholicism%27s+Secret+Sect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Their+Kingdom+Come%3A+Inside+the+Secret+World+of+Opus+Dei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/t/tapia-threshold.html">"Beyond the Threshold"</a>. <i>archive.nytimes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813044440/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/t/tapia-threshold.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.nytimes.com&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Threshold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Ft%2Ftapia-threshold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPreston,_Paul1986" class="citation book cs1">Preston, Paul (1986). <i>The triumph of democracy in Spain</i>. London: Methuen. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780416900101" title="Special:BookSources/9780416900101"><bdi>9780416900101</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14586560">14586560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+triumph+of+democracy+in+Spain&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14586560&rft.isbn=9780416900101&rft.au=Preston%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarding,_Nick2005" class="citation book cs1">Harding, Nick (2005). <i>Secret societies</i>. Edison, N.J.: Chartwell Books, Inc. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780785821700" title="Special:BookSources/9780785821700"><bdi>9780785821700</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/78244509">78244509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+societies&rft.place=Edison%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Chartwell+Books%2C+Inc&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F78244509&rft.isbn=9780785821700&rft.au=Harding%2C+Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHesse,_Alexander2015" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hesse, Alexander (2015), <i>Geheimbünde Freimaurer und Illuminaten, Opus Dei und Schwarze Hand</i> (in German), Reinbek: Rowohlt Taschenbuch, p. 54, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783499630491" title="Special:BookSources/9783499630491"><bdi>9783499630491</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geheimb%C3%BCnde+Freimaurer+und+Illuminaten%2C+Opus+Dei+und+Schwarze+Hand&rft.place=Reinbek&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Rowohlt+Taschenbuch&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9783499630491&rft.au=Hesse%2C+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAugias2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Corrado_Augias" title="Corrado Augias">Augias, Corrado</a> (2012), <i>Die Geheimnisse des Vatikan : Eine andere Geschichte der Papststadt</i> (in German) (1., neue Ausg ed.), München: Beck, C H, p. 415, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783406630927" title="Special:BookSources/9783406630927"><bdi>9783406630927</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Geheimnisse+des+Vatikan+%3A+Eine+andere+Geschichte+der+Papststadt&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pages=415&rft.edition=1.%2C+neue+Ausg&rft.pub=Beck%2C+C+H&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9783406630927&rft.aulast=Augias&rft.aufirst=Corrado&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pilapil_1971_211–221-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pilapil_1971_211–221_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPilapil1971" class="citation journal cs1">Pilapil, Vicente R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Today&rft.atitle=Opus+Dei+in+Spain&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E211-%3C%2Fspan%3E221&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40394504%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0043-9134&rft.aulast=Pilapil&rft.aufirst=Vicente+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40394504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSPIEGEL2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">SPIEGEL, Peter Hertel, DER (7 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/spiegelspecial/a-350114.html">"Vatikan intern: Der Aufstieg der Santa Mafia"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722060951/https://www.spiegel.de/spiegelspecial/a-350114.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Vatikan+intern%3A+Der+Aufstieg+der+Santa+Mafia&rft.date=2005-04-07&rft.aulast=SPIEGEL&rft.aufirst=Peter+Hertel%2C+DER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegelspecial%2Fa-350114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fuerbringer1927-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fuerbringer1927_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFuerbringer1927" class="citation book cs1">Fuerbringer, Ludwig (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nH5OAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA532"><i>The Concordia Cyclopedia: A Handbook of Religious Information, with Special Reference to the History, Doctrine, Work, and Usages of the Lutheran Church</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concordia+Cyclopedia%3A+A+Handbook+of+Religious+Information%2C+with+Special+Reference+to+the+History%2C+Doctrine%2C+Work%2C+and+Usages+of+the+Lutheran+Church&rft.place=St.+Louis%2C+Missouri&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E532-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=Concordia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Fuerbringer&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnH5OAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm">"The Constitution of the Republic of Poland"</a>. 2 April 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420173446/http://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2009</span>. <q>Article 13: Political parties and other organizations whose programs are based upon totalitarian methods and the modes of activity of nazism, fascism and communism, as well as those whose programs or activities sanction racial or national hatred, the application of violence for the purpose of obtaining power or to influence the State policy, or provide for the secrecy of their own structure or membership, shall be prohibited.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Poland&rft.date=1997-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsejm.gov.pl%2Fprawo%2Fkonst%2Fangielski%2Fkon1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200419013022/http://thesecretbookgarden.com/skull-and-bones/">"Skull And Bones"</a>. <i>The Secret Society Manual</i>. thesecretbookgarden.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thesecretbookgarden.com/skull-and-bones/">the original</a> on 19 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Secret+Society+Manual&rft.atitle=Skull+And+Bones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthesecretbookgarden.com%2Fskull-and-bones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=rGw9AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PP1">"To The Members of the University of Chicago"</a>. <i>The University of Chicago Magazine</i>. <b>5</b> (9): 298. July 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930191457/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=rGw9AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Chicago+Magazine&rft.atitle=To+The+Members+of+the+University+of+Chicago&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=298&rft.date=1913-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3DrGw9AAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26output%3Dreader%26hl%3Den%26pg%3DGBS.PP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMegan_Findling2011" class="citation web cs1">Megan Findling (3 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greenwichvillagehistory.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/edgar-allan-poe-in-greenwich-village/">"Edgar Allan Poe in Greenwich Village"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(article)</span>. <i>Researching Greenwich Village History</i>. greenwichvillagehistory.wordpress.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220081502/https://greenwichvillagehistory.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/edgar-allan-poe-in-greenwich-village/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researching+Greenwich+Village+History&rft.atitle=Edgar+Allan+Poe+in+Greenwich+Village&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.au=Megan+Findling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreenwichvillagehistory.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F11%2F03%2Fedgar-allan-poe-in-greenwich-village%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1885/11/5/secret-societies-notable-among-the-features/">"Secret Societies. | News | The Harvard Crimson"</a>. <i>www.thecrimson.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918170558/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1885/11/5/secret-societies-notable-among-the-features/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecrimson.com&rft.atitle=Secret+Societies.+%26%23124%3B+News+%26%23124%3B+The+Harvard+Crimson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1885%2F11%2F5%2Fsecret-societies-notable-among-the-features%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40712FD385E13738DDDAC0A94DA405B828DF1D3">"Student Government at Wellesley and How It Makes for Loyalty among the College Girls and Faculty"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 12 February 1912. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111123737/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40712FD385E13738DDDAC0A94DA405B828DF1D3">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Student+Government+at+Wellesley+and+How+It+Makes+for+Loyalty+among+the+College+Girls+and+Faculty&rft.date=1912-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF40712FD385E13738DDDAC0A94DA405B828DF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-varsity-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-varsity_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowers2006" class="citation news cs1">Bowers, Mary (17 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varsity.co.uk/archive/647.pdf">"Pitt Club under pressure from Council"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Varsity</i>. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926121512/http://www.varsity.co.uk/archive/647.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Varsity&rft.atitle=Pitt+Club+under+pressure+from+Council&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2006-11-17&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varsity.co.uk%2Farchive%2F647.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bully-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bully_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bully_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray2011" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Kirsty (11 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varsity.co.uk/news/3318">"Oxford's Bully-ingdon Club faces more scandal"</a>. <i>Varsity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127175121/http://www.varsity.co.uk/news/3318">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Varsity&rft.atitle=Oxford%27s+Bully-ingdon+Club+faces+more+scandal&rft.date=2011-02-11&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Kirsty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varsity.co.uk%2Fnews%2F3318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D.T.W. Price. <i>A History of Saint David's University College, Lampeter</i>. University of Wales Press, Cardiff. Volume One, to 1898 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-0606-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7083-0606-3">0-7083-0606-3</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espace-turing.fr/Naissance-de-Alexandre-Theophile.html">"Naissance de " Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde ", mathématicien français – Espace " Sciences du Numérique " Alan Turing (LJAD – CNRS/UNS)"</a>. <i>www.espace-turing.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017021353/http://www.espace-turing.fr/Naissance-de-Alexandre-Theophile.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.espace-turing.fr&rft.atitle=Naissance+de+%22+Alexandre-Th%C3%A9ophile+Vandermonde+%22%2C+math%C3%A9maticien+fran%C3%A7ais+%E2%80%93+Espace+%22+Sciences+du+Num%C3%A9rique+%22+Alan+Turing+%28LJAD+%E2%80%93+CNRS%2FUNS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espace-turing.fr%2FNaissance-de-Alexandre-Theophile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vmi.edu/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=13639">"Regulations for the Virginia Military Institute, Part II, Revised 5 December 2008, 12–16(b)"</a>. vmi.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regulations+for+the+Virginia+Military+Institute%2C+Part+II%2C+Revised+5+December+2008%2C+12%E2%80%9316%28b%29&rft.pub=vmi.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vmi.edu%2FWorkArea%2Flinkit.aspx%3FLinkIdentifier%3Did%26ItemID%3D13639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1943" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, Robert Samuel (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospeltruth.net/oberlinhistory.htm#41"><i>A History of Oberlin College from Its Foundation Through the Civil War</i></a>. Oberlin College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814192255/http://www.gospeltruth.net/oberlinhistory.htm#41">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Oberlin+College+from+Its+Foundation+Through+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Oberlin+College&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Robert+Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gospeltruth.net%2Foberlinhistory.htm%2341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span> "Revised codes were issued every few years, but not many important changes were made in them. Provisions with regard to the hours of 'athletic exercises and sport' were added in 1847. In the same revision, there appeared for the first time the 'peculiar' Oberlin rule against secret societies. 'No student,' it runs, 'is permitted to join any secret society or military company.'"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130326214411/http://new.oberlin.edu/students/policies/2011-2012/0-OberlinRulesRegs2011_12.pdf"><i>Student Regulations, Policies, and Procedures, Oberlin College 2011–2012</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in e). Oberlin College. 2011. p. 34. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.oberlin.edu/students/policies/2011-2012/0-OberlinRulesRegs2011_12.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Student+Regulations%2C+Policies%2C+and+Procedures%2C+Oberlin+College+2011%E2%80%932012&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Oberlin+College&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnew.oberlin.edu%2Fstudents%2Fpolicies%2F2011-2012%2F0-OberlinRulesRegs2011_12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span> "No secret society is allowed at Oberlin, and no other societies or self-perpetuating organizations are allowed among students, except by permission of the faculty. This is to be understood to include social and rooming-house clubs."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irin-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irin_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=33251">"NIGERIA: Focus on the menace of student cults"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611185212/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=33251">Archived</a> 11 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Humanitarian" title="The New Humanitarian">IRIN</a></i>, 1 August 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cults-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cults_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11849078">"Cults of violence"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081021130746/http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11849078">Archived</a> 21 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, 31 July 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2">"IV. The Secret Societies", <i>Omaha Secret Societies</i>, Columbia University Press, 31 December 1969, pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>132, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7312%2Ffort92186-004">10.7312/fort92186-004</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231887458" title="Special:BookSources/9780231887458"><bdi>9780231887458</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IV.+The+Secret+Societies&rft.btitle=Omaha+Secret+Societies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1969-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7312%2Ffort92186-004&rft.isbn=9780231887458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Morius Francis. <i>Secret Societies</i>. Vol. 3: The Collegiate Secret Societies of America. 2015 (file pdf).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBell2013" class="citation news cs1">Bell, Chris (25 November 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/10468112/The-internet-mystery-that-has-the-world-baffled.html">"The internet mystery that has the world baffled"</a></span>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/10468112/The-internet-mystery-that-has-the-world-baffled.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+internet+mystery+that+has+the+world+baffled&rft.date=2013-11-25&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2Finternet%2F10468112%2FThe-internet-mystery-that-has-the-world-baffled.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErnst2013" class="citation news cs1">Ernst, Douglas (26 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/nov/26/secret-society-seeks-worlds-smartest-cicada-3301-r/">"Secret society seeks world's brightest: Recruits navigate 'darknet' filled with terrorism, drugs"</a>. <i>The Washington Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925204905/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/nov/26/secret-society-seeks-worlds-smartest-cicada-3301-r/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Secret+society+seeks+world%27s+brightest%3A+Recruits+navigate+%27darknet%27+filled+with+terrorism%2C+drugs&rft.date=2013-11-26&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2Fnov%2F26%2Fsecret-society-seeks-worlds-smartest-cicada-3301-r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNPR_staff2014" class="citation news cs1">NPR staff (5 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2014/01/05/259959632/the-internets-cicada-a-mystery-without-an-answer">"The Internet's Cicada: A Mystery without an Answer"</a>. <i>All Things Considered, National Public Radio</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144945/https://www.npr.org/2014/01/05/259959632/the-internets-cicada-a-mystery-without-an-answer">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+Things+Considered%2C+National+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=The+Internet%27s+Cicada%3A+A+Mystery+without+an+Answer&rft.date=2014-01-05&rft.au=NPR+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2014%2F01%2F05%2F259959632%2Fthe-internets-cicada-a-mystery-without-an-answer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metro-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metro_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott2013" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Sam (16 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metro.co.uk/2013/12/16/cicada-3301-the-most-elaborate-and-mysterious-puzzle-of-the-internet-age-4229892/">"Cicada 3301: The most elaborate and mysterious puzzle of the internet age"</a>. <i>Metro</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162252/https://metro.co.uk/2013/12/16/cicada-3301-the-most-elaborate-and-mysterious-puzzle-of-the-internet-age-4229892/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=Cicada+3301%3A+The+most+elaborate+and+mysterious+puzzle+of+the+internet+age&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2013%2F12%2F16%2Fcicada-3301-the-most-elaborate-and-mysterious-puzzle-of-the-internet-age-4229892%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPurbrick2019" class="citation journal cs1">Purbrick, Martin (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03068374.2019.1636515">"Patriotic Chinese Triads and Secret Societies: From the Imperial Dynasties, to Nationalism, and Communism"</a>. <i>Asian Affairs</i>. <b>50</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">305–</span>322. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03068374.2019.1636515">10.1080/03068374.2019.1636515</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199953554">199953554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=Patriotic+Chinese+Triads+and+Secret+Societies%3A+From+the+Imperial+Dynasties%2C+to+Nationalism%2C+and+Communism&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E305-%3C%2Fspan%3E322&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03068374.2019.1636515&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A199953554%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Purbrick&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F03068374.2019.1636515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fraternalsecrets.org/">"Mateship & Fraternal Secret Societies in Australia"</a>. <i>Fraternal Secrets</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208152018/https://www.fraternalsecrets.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fraternal+Secrets&rft.atitle=Mateship+%26+Fraternal+Secret+Societies+in+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fraternalsecrets.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/secret-societies">"Secret Societies in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208152017/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/secret-societies">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca&rft.atitle=Secret+Societies+in+Canada+%7C+The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fsecret-societies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher J. Kauffman, <i>Faith and Fraternalism: The History of the Knights of Columbus, 1882–1982</i> (1982) p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Sarlin and Dan Rouyer, "The Anti-Masonic Congress of Trento (1896): International Mobilization and the Circulation of Practices against Freemasonry." <i>Contemporanea: Rivista di Storia dell'800 e del '900</i> (July-Sep 2021, 24#3, pp. 517-536.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AWMC2014-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AWMC2014_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Original Allegheny Conference)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ohio" title="Salem, Ohio">Salem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Wesleyan_Methodist_Connection" title="Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection">Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection</a>. 2014. pp. <span class="nowrap">20–</span>21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discipline+of+the+Allegheny+Wesleyan+Methodist+Connection+%28Original+Allegheny+Conference%29&rft.place=Salem&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=Allegheny+Wesleyan+Methodist+Connection&rft.date=2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellen G. White, <i>"Selected Messages Book 2"</i>, Chapter 13. (1958)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAxelrod1997" class="citation book cs1">Axelrod, Alan (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationalenc00axel"><i>The International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders</i></a>. New York: Facts on File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816023077" title="Special:BookSources/0816023077"><bdi>0816023077</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Secret+Societies+and+Fraternal+Orders&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0816023077&rft.aulast=Axelrod&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finternationalenc00axel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dickie, John. <i>The Craft: How the Freemasons Made the Modern World</i> (PublicAffairs, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Craft-Freemasons-Made-Modern-World/dp/161039867X/">excerpt</a>; scholarly history.</li> <li>Dumenil, Lynn. <i>Freemasonry and American Culture: 1880-1930</i> (Princeton UP, 1984), major scholarly survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Freemasonry-American-Culture-1880-1930-Princeton/dp/0691612269/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Gist, Noel P. <i>Secret Societies: A Cultural Study of Fraternalism in the United States</i> (1941)</li> <li>Harwood, W. S. (May 1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25118819">"Secret Societies in America."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_North_American_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="The North American Review">The North American Review</a></i>, vol. 164, no. 486. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25118819">25118819</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeckethorn1886" class="citation book cs1">Heckethorn, Charles William (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wfyoQW1haRAC&q=Secret"><i>The Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries, Embracing the Mysteries of Ancient India, China, Japan, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, Greece, and Scandinavia, the Cabbalists, Early Christians, Heretics, Assassins, Thugs, Templars, the Vehm and Inquisition, Mystics, Rosicrucians, Illuminati, Freemasons, Skopzi, Camorristi, Carbonari, Nihilists, and Other Sects</i></a> (2nd ed.). Forgotten Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4400-8999-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4400-8999-2"><bdi>978-1-4400-8999-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+Societies+of+All+Ages+and+Countries%2C+Embracing+the+Mysteries+of+Ancient+India%2C+China%2C+Japan%2C+Egypt%2C+Mexico%2C+Peru%2C+Greece%2C+and+Scandinavia%2C+the+Cabbalists%2C+Early+Christians%2C+Heretics%2C+Assassins%2C+Thugs%2C+Templars%2C+the+Vehm+and+Inquisition%2C+Mystics%2C+Rosicrucians%2C+Illuminati%2C+Freemasons%2C+Skopzi%2C+Camorristi%2C+Carbonari%2C+Nihilists%2C+and+Other+Sects&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Forgotten+Books&rft.date=1886&rft.isbn=978-1-4400-8999-2&rft.aulast=Heckethorn&rft.aufirst=Charles+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwfyoQW1haRAC%26q%3DSecret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacob2012" class="citation book cs1">Jacob, Frank (2012). <i>Geheimgesellschaften: Kulturhistorische Sozialstudien: Secret Societies: Comparative Studies in Culture, Society and History</i>. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3826049088" title="Special:BookSources/978-3826049088"><bdi>978-3826049088</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geheimgesellschaften%3A+Kulturhistorische+Sozialstudien%3A+Secret+Societies%3A+Comparative+Studies+in+Culture%2C+Society+and+History&rft.place=W%C3%BCrzburg&rft.pub=K%C3%B6nigshausen+%26+Neumann&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3826049088&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Klimczuk, Stephen, and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Warner" title="Gerald Warner">Gerald Warner</a> (2009). <i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Places,_Hidden_Sanctuaries" title="Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries">Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterling Publishing Company">Sterling Publishing Company</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKloosterman,_Jaap2013" class="citation book cs1">Kloosterman, Jaap (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2013061019"><i>Secret Societies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Leibniz_Institute_of_European_History" title="Leibniz Institute of European History">Leibniz Institute of European History</a> (IEG).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Societies&rft.pub=Leibniz+Institute+of+European+History+%28IEG%29&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Kloosterman%2C+Jaap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbn-resolving.de%2Furn%3Anbn%3Ade%3A0159-2013061019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ownby, David, and Mary F. Somers Heidhues, eds. <i>Secret Societies Reconsidered: Perspectives on the Social History of Early Modern South China and Southeast Asia</i> (Routledge, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Secret-Societies-Reconsidered-Perspectives-Southeast/dp/1563241986/">excerpt</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRidley,_Jasper2011" class="citation book cs1">Ridley, Jasper (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h7q3VIZCiwQC"><i>The Freemasons: A History of the World's Most Powerful Secret Society</i></a>. Arcade. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-010-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-010-1"><bdi>978-1-61145-010-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Freemasons%3A+A+History+of+the+World%27s+Most+Powerful+Secret+Society&rft.pub=Arcade&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61145-010-1&rft.au=Ridley%2C+Jasper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh7q3VIZCiwQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1972" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, J. M. (John Morris) (1972). <i>The Mythology of the Secret Societies</i>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-12904-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-12904-3"><bdi>0-684-12904-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mythology+of+the+Secret+Societies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-684-12904-3&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=J.+M.+%28John+Morris%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobbins2004" class="citation book cs1">Robbins, Alexandra (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pledgedsecretlif00robb"><i>Pledged: The Secret Life of Sororities</i></a></span>. New York: Hyperion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7868-8859-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7868-8859-8"><bdi>0-7868-8859-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pledged%3A+The+Secret+Life+of+Sororities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7868-8859-8&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpledgedsecretlif00robb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Simmel, Georg. "The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies" <i> The American Journal of Sociology</i> (1906) 11#4 pp. 441–498 a famous classic by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Georg Simmel</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2762562">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStevens1899" class="citation book cs1">Stevens, Albert Clark (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cyclopaediaoffra00stev"><i>The Cyclopædia of Fraternities</i></a>. New York: Hamilton Printing & Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+Fraternities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hamilton+Printing+%26+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Albert+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcyclopaediaoffra00stev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhalen1966" class="citation book cs1">Whalen, William Joseph (1966). <i>Handbook of Secret Organizations</i>. Milwaukee: Bruce Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/66026658">66026658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Secret+Organizations&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.pub=Bruce+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F66026658&rft.aulast=Whalen&rft.aufirst=William+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecret+society" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_society&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/secret_society" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/secret society">secret society</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Secret_societies" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Secret societies">Secret societies</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisg.nl/collections/secretsocieties/index.php">Secret Societies: a very short history</a> – Documents of <a href="/wiki/Freemasons" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burschenschaften" class="mw-redirect" title="Burschenschaften">Burschenschaften</a> and other organizations</li> <li>Stevens, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-K3AAAAIAAJ&q=fraternities">The cyclopædia of fraternities (2nd ed.)</a>. A dated review of the subject.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Academic fraternities originating from <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_(fraternity_or_sorority)" title="Colony (fraternity or sorority)">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fraternity_and_sorority_housing" title="North American fraternity and sorority housing">North American fraternity and sorority housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepping_(African-American)" title="Stepping (African-American)">Stepping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_United_States_college_fraternities_and_sororities" title="Racism in United States college fraternities and sororities">U.S. racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazing_in_Greek_letter_organizations" title="Hazing in Greek letter organizations">Hazing in Greek letter organizations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hazing_deaths_in_the_United_States" title="List of hazing deaths in the United States">U.S. deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hazing_deaths_in_the_Philippines" title="List of hazing deaths in the Philippines">Philippines deaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_of_Fraternities" title="Mother of Fraternities">Mother of Fraternities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_American_fraternities_and_sororities" title="History of North American fraternities and sororities">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_school_fraternities_and_sororities" title="High school fraternities and sororities">High school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_fraternities_and_sororities" title="Professional fraternities and sororities">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_fraternities_and_sororities" title="Service fraternities and sororities">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities_in_Canada" title="Fraternities and sororities in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li>Lists by country/territory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fraternities_and_sororities_in_France" title="List of fraternities and sororities in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fraternities_and_sororities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of fraternities and sororities in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fraternities_and_sororities_in_Puerto_Rico" title="List of fraternities and sororities in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of African-American fraternities and sororities">Historically<br />African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">ΑΚΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">ΑΦΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Theta" title="Delta Sigma Theta">ΔΣΘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Phi_Beta" title="Zeta Phi Beta">ΖΦΒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota_Phi_Theta" title="Iota Phi Theta">ΙΦΘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Psi" title="Kappa Alpha Psi">ΚΑΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Gamma_Rho" title="Sigma Gamma Rho">ΣΓΡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Sigma" title="Phi Beta Sigma">ΦΒΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Rho_Eta" title="Phi Rho Eta">ΦΡΗ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Psi_Phi" title="Omega Psi Phi">ΩΨΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Psi_Phi" title="Wine Psi Phi">WΨΦ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historically<br />Asian/Pacific Islander-American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Iota_Omicron" title="Alpha Iota Omicron">Alpha Iota Omicron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Delta_Phi" title="Alpha Kappa Delta Phi">αΚΔΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Gamma_(sorority)" title="Alpha Phi Gamma (sorority)">ΑΦΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Chi_Theta" title="Beta Chi Theta">ΒΧΘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Delta_Theta" title="Chi Delta Theta">ΧΔΘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Epsilon_Psi" title="Delta Epsilon Psi">ΔΕΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Delta" title="Delta Kappa Delta">ΔΚΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Phi_Omega" title="Delta Phi Omega">ΔΦΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota_Nu_Delta" title="Iota Nu Delta">ΙΝΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Phi_Lambda" title="Kappa Phi Lambda">ΚΦΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Phi_Epsilon" title="Lambda Phi Epsilon">ΛΦΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Alpha_Phi" title="Pi Alpha Phi">ΠΑΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Delta_Psi" title="Pi Delta Psi">ΠΔΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Beta_Rho" title="Sigma Beta Rho">ΣΒΡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Omicron_Pi" title="Sigma Omicron Pi">ΣΟΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Psi_Zeta" title="Sigma Psi Zeta">ΣΨΖ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi_Omega" title="Sigma Phi Omega">ΣΦΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho_Omicron" title="Chi Rho Omicron">XPO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_fraternities" title="Christian fraternities">Christian<br />fraternities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_sororities" title="Christian sororities">sororities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Gamma" title="Alpha Delta Gamma">ΑΔΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Chi" title="Alpha Delta Chi">ΑΔΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Gamma_Omega" title="Alpha Gamma Omega">ΑΓΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Lambda_Omega" title="Alpha Lambda Omega">ΑΛΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beggars_(fraternity)" title="Beggars (fraternity)">ΒΕΓΓΑΡΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Sigma_Psi" title="Beta Sigma Psi">ΒΣΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Upsilon_Chi" title="Beta Upsilon Chi">ΒΥΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Omega" title="Sigma Alpha Omega">ΣΑΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Theta_Epsilon" title="Sigma Theta Epsilon">ΣΘΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi_Lambda" title="Sigma Phi Lambda">ΣΦΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Chi" title="Phi Beta Chi">ΦΒΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Alpha_Omega" title="Chi Alpha Omega">ΧΑΩ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of Jewish fraternities and sororities">Historically Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Pi" title="Alpha Epsilon Pi">ΑΕΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Phi" title="Alpha Epsilon Phi">ΑΕΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Beta_Tau" title="Zeta Beta Tau">ΖΒΤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon_Pi" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi">ΣΑΕΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Mu" title="Sigma Alpha Mu">ΣΑΜ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Tau" title="Sigma Delta Tau">ΣΔΤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Delta_Phi" title="Tau Delta Phi">ΤΔΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Epsilon_Phi" title="Tau Epsilon Phi">ΤΕΦ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_interest_fraternities_and_sororities" title="Cultural interest fraternities and sororities">Multicultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Xi_Nu" title="Delta Xi Nu">ΔΞΝ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Xi_Phi" title="Delta Xi Phi">ΔΞΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Eta" title="Gamma Eta">ΓΗ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Sigma_Chi" title="Zeta Sigma Chi">ΖΣΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Phi_Rho" title="Zeta Phi Rho">ΖΦΡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Chi_Phi" title="Zeta Chi Phi">ΖΧΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Delta_Sigma" title="Theta Delta Sigma">ΘΔΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Nu_Xi" title="Theta Nu Xi">ΘΝΞ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Tau_Omega" title="Lambda Tau Omega">ΛΤΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Psi_Delta" title="Lambda Psi Delta">ΛΨΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Sigma_Upsilon" title="Mu Sigma Upsilon">ΜΣΥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Lambda_Beta" title="Sigma Lambda Beta">ΣΛΒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Lambda_Gamma" title="Sigma Lambda Gamma">ΣΛΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Theta_Psi" title="Sigma Theta Psi">ΣΘΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Phi_Sigma" title="Tau Phi Sigma">ΤΦΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_Sigma_Phi" title="Psi Sigma Phi">ΨΣΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Delta_Phi" title="Omega Delta Phi">ΩΔΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Phi_Chi" title="Omega Phi Chi">ΩΦΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphic_Fraternity" title="Delphic Fraternity">Delphic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historically <a href="/wiki/Scouting" title="Scouting">Scout</a>-affiliated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Omega" title="Alpha Phi Omega">ΑΦΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Tau_Pi" title="Epsilon Tau Pi">ΕΤΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Sigma_Sigma" title="Gamma Sigma Sigma">ΓΣΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Phi_Alpha" title="Omega Phi Alpha">ΩΦΑ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_and_LGBTQ-friendly_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of LGBTQ and LGBTQ-friendly fraternities and sororities">LGBTQ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Lambda_Zeta" title="Alpha Lambda Zeta">ΑΛΖ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Lambda_Phi" title="Delta Lambda Phi">ΔΛΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Rho_Lambda" title="Gamma Rho Lambda">ΓΡΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Pi_Sigma" title="Theta Pi Sigma">ΘΠΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Lambda" title="Kappa Alpha Lambda">ΚΑΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Theta_Epsilon" title="Kappa Theta Epsilon">ΚΘΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omicron_Epsilon_Pi" title="Omicron Epsilon Pi">ΟΕΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi_Beta_(fraternity)" title="Sigma Phi Beta (fraternity)">ΣΦΒ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Pi_Omega" title="Alpha Pi Omega">ΑΠΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Nu" title="Phi Sigma Nu">ΦΣΝ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Omicron_Epsilon" title="Sigma Omicron Epsilon">ΣΟΕ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latino_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of Latino fraternities and sororities">Latino</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_fraternities_and_sororities_in_Puerto_Rico" title="List of fraternities and sororities in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Zeta_(Latin_American)" title="Alpha Zeta (Latin American)">AZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Psi_Lambda" title="Alpha Psi Lambda">ΑΨΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Omicron_Sigma" title="Alpha Omicron Sigma">ΑΟΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Tau_Lambda" title="Delta Tau Lambda">ΔΤΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Alpha_Omega" title="Gamma Alpha Omega">ΓΑΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Zeta_Alpha" title="Gamma Zeta Alpha">ΓΖΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eta_Gamma_Delta" title="Eta Gamma Delta">ΗΓΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Delta_Chi" title="Kappa Delta Chi">ΚΔΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Alpha_Upsilon" title="Lambda Alpha Upsilon">ΛΑΥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Pi_Upsilon" title="Lambda Pi Upsilon">ΛΠΥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Pi_Chi" title="Lambda Pi Chi">ΛΠΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Sigma_Upsilon" title="Lambda Sigma Upsilon">ΛΣΥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Theta_Alpha" title="Lambda Theta Alpha">ΛΘΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Theta_Nu" title="Lambda Theta Nu">ΛΘΝ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Theta_Phi" title="Lambda Theta Phi">ΛΘΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Upsilon_Lambda" title="Lambda Upsilon Lambda">ΛΥΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Alpha_Phi" title="Mu Alpha Phi">ΜΑΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Alpha_Kappa" title="Nu Alpha Kappa">ΝΑΚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Sigma_Beta" title="Nu Sigma Beta">ΝΣΒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Alpha" title="Sigma Delta Alpha">ΣΔΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Iota" title="Sigma Iota">ΣΙ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Iota_Alpha" title="Sigma Iota Alpha">ΣΙΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Lambda_Alpha_(sorority)" title="Sigma Lambda Alpha (sorority)">ΣΛΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Lambda_Upsilon" title="Sigma Lambda Upsilon">ΣΛΥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Pi_Alpha" title="Sigma Pi Alpha">ΣΠΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Gamma_(social)" title="Phi Delta Gamma (social)">ΦΔΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Eta_Mu" title="Phi Eta Mu">ΦΗΜ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Iota_Alpha" title="Phi Iota Alpha">ΦΙΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Lambda_Alpha" title="Phi Lambda Alpha">ΦΛΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Alpha" title="Phi Sigma Alpha">ΦΣΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Upsilon_Sigma" title="Chi Upsilon Sigma">ΧΥΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_Alpha_Kappa" title="Psi Alpha Kappa">ΨΑΚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Phi_Beta" title="Omega Phi Beta">ΩΦΒ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Gamma_Rho" title="Alpha Gamma Rho">ΑΓΡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Gamma_Sigma_(fraternity)" title="Alpha Gamma Sigma (fraternity)">ΑΓΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Psi" title="Alpha Kappa Psi">ΑΚΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Kappa" title="Alpha Sigma Kappa">ΑΣΚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Omega_Epsilon" title="Alpha Omega Epsilon">ΑΩΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Pi" title="Delta Sigma Pi">ΔΣΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Kappa_Psi" title="Kappa Kappa Psi">ΚΚΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Iota" title="Sigma Alpha Iota">ΣΑΙ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Beta_Sigma" title="Tau Beta Sigma">ΤΒΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Gamma" title="Phi Sigma Gamma">ΦΣΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Rho" title="Phi Sigma Rho">ΦΣΡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(women%27s_fraternity)" title="Ceres (women's fraternity)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FarmHouse" title="FarmHouse">FarmHouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Fraternity" title="Triangle Fraternity">Triangle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_sororities_and_women%27s_fraternities" title="List of social sororities and women's fraternities">Social sororities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Gamma_Delta" title="Alpha Gamma Delta">ΑΓΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Pi" title="Alpha Delta Pi">ΑΔΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Phi" title="Alpha Epsilon Phi">ΑΕΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Xi_Delta" title="Alpha Xi Delta">ΑΞΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Omicron_Pi" title="Alpha Omicron Pi">ΑΟΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Alpha" title="Alpha Sigma Alpha">ΑΣΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Tau" title="Alpha Sigma Tau">ΑΣΤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi" title="Alpha Phi">ΑΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Chi_Omega" title="Alpha Chi Omega">ΑΧΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Phi_Beta" title="Gamma Phi Beta">ΓΦΒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Delta_Delta" title="Delta Delta Delta">ΔΔΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Gamma" title="Delta Gamma">ΔΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Zeta" title="Delta Zeta">ΔΖ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Phi_Epsilon_(social)" title="Delta Phi Epsilon (social)">ΔΦΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Tau_Alpha" title="Zeta Tau Alpha">ΖΤΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Phi_Alpha" title="Theta Phi Alpha">ΘΦΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Theta" title="Kappa Alpha Theta">ΚΑΘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Beta_Gamma" title="Kappa Beta Gamma">ΚΒΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Delta" title="Kappa Delta">ΚΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Kappa_Gamma" title="Kappa Kappa Gamma">ΚΚΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Beta_Phi" title="Pi Beta Phi">ΠΒΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Tau" title="Sigma Delta Tau">ΣΔΤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Kappa" title="Sigma Kappa">ΣΚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Sigma_Sigma" title="Sigma Sigma Sigma">ΣΣΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Psi" title="Sigma Psi">ΣΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Mu" title="Phi Mu">ΦΜ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Sigma" title="Phi Sigma Sigma">ΦΣΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Omega" title="Chi Omega">ΧΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovia_(sorority)" title="Clovia (sorority)">Clovia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_fraternities" title="List of social fraternities">Social fraternities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ΑΔΦ (<a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Phi" title="Alpha Delta Phi">Fraternity</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Phi_Society" title="Alpha Delta Phi Society">Society</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Lambda" title="Alpha Kappa Lambda">ΑΚΛ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Phi" title="Alpha Sigma Phi">ΑΣΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Tau_Omega" title="Alpha Tau Omega">ΑΤΩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Delta" title="Alpha Phi Delta">ΑΦΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Chi_Alpha" title="Alpha Chi Alpha">ΑΧΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Chi_Rho" title="Alpha Chi Rho">ΑΧΡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">ΒΘΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Delta Kappa Epsilon">ΔΚΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Phi" title="Delta Sigma Phi">ΔΣΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Tau_Delta" title="Delta Tau Delta">ΔΤΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Upsilon" title="Delta Upsilon">ΔΥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Phi" title="Delta Phi">ΔΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Chi" title="Delta Chi">ΔΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anthony_Hall" title="St. Anthony Hall">ΔΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Psi" title="Zeta Psi">ΖΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Delta_Chi" title="Theta Delta Chi">ΘΔΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Xi" title="Theta Xi">ΘΞ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Chi" title="Theta Chi">ΘΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Order" title="Kappa Alpha Order">ΚΑ Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Society" title="Kappa Alpha Society">ΚΑ Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Delta_Rho" title="Kappa Delta Rho">ΚΔΡ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Delta_Phi" title="Kappa Delta Phi">ΚΔΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Lambda_Psi" title="Kappa Lambda Psi">ΚΛΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Sigma" title="Kappa Sigma">ΚΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Chi_Alpha" title="Lambda Chi Alpha">ΛΧΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omicron_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Omicron Kappa Epsilon">OΚΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Kappa_Alpha" title="Pi Kappa Alpha">ΠΚΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Kappa_Phi" title="Pi Kappa Phi">ΠΚΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Lambda_Phi" title="Pi Lambda Phi">ΠΛΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon">ΣΑΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Alpha" title="Sigma Delta Alpha">ΣΔΑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Th%C3%AAta_Pi" title="Sigma Thêta Pi">ΣΘΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Nu" title="Sigma Nu">ΣΝ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Pi" title="Sigma Pi">ΣΠ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Tau_Gamma" title="Sigma Tau Gamma">ΣΤΓ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi" title="Sigma Phi">ΣΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi_Delta" title="Sigma Phi Delta">ΣΦΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Phi_Epsilon" title="Sigma Phi Epsilon">ΣΦΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">ΣΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Tau Kappa Epsilon">ΤΚΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Gamma_Delta" title="Phi Gamma Delta">ΦΓΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Theta" title="Phi Delta Theta">ΦΔΘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Psi" title="Phi Delta Psi">ΦΔΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Theta" title="Phi Kappa Theta">ΦΚΘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Sigma" title="Phi Kappa Sigma">ΦΚΣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Tau" title="Phi Kappa Tau">ΦΚΤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Psi" title="Phi Kappa Psi">ΦΚΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Lambda_Chi" title="Phi Lambda Chi">ΦΛΧ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Mu_Alpha_Sinfonia" title="Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia">ΦΜΑ Sinfonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Mu_Delta" title="Phi Mu Delta">ΦΜΔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Kappa" title="Phi Sigma Kappa">ΦΣΚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Sigma_Phi" title="Phi Sigma Phi">ΦΣΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Gamma_Epsilon" title="Chi Gamma Epsilon">ΧΓΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Phi" title="Chi Phi">ΧΦ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Psi" title="Chi Psi">ΧΨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_Upsilon" title="Psi Upsilon">ΨΥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacia_(fraternity)" title="Acacia (fraternity)">Acacia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows" title="Odd Fellows">Odd Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">Gentlemen's club</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secret society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Odd_Fellows303" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odd_Fellows_footer" title="Template:Odd Fellows footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odd_Fellows_footer" title="Template talk:Odd Fellows footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odd_Fellows_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odd Fellows footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Odd_Fellows303" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows" title="Odd Fellows">Odd Fellows</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>International <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_order" title="Fraternal order">fraternal orders</a> originating in the United Kingdom in the 18th century</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grand_lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand lodge">Governing bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Order_of_Odd_Fellows" title="Independent Order of Odd Fellows">Independent Order of Odd Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Order_of_Oddfellows_Manchester_Unity" title="Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity">Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_United_Order_of_Oddfellows" title="Grand United Order of Oddfellows">Grand United Order of Oddfellows</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FVNP_-_Odd_Fellow_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Headquarters of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Copenhagen, Denmark"><img alt="Headquarters of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Copenhagen, Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FVNP_-_Odd_Fellow_1.jpg/175px-FVNP_-_Odd_Fellow_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FVNP_-_Odd_Fellow_1.jpg/263px-FVNP_-_Odd_Fellow_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/FVNP_-_Odd_Fellow_1.jpg/350px-FVNP_-_Odd_Fellow_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1339" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fraternal_auxiliaries_and_side_degrees" title="List of fraternal auxiliaries and side degrees">Appendant bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Rebekah_Assemblies" title="International Association of Rebekah Assemblies">International Association of Rebekah Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_of_Ruth" title="Household of Ruth">Household of Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mystic_Order_of_Samaritans" title="Ancient Mystic Order of Samaritans">Ancient Mystic Order of Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies_of_the_Orient" title="Ladies of the Orient">Ladies of the Orient</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes" title="John Wilkes">John Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Savile,_8th_Baronet" title="Sir George Savile, 8th Baronet">Sir George Savile, 8th Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wildey" title="Thomas Wildey">Thomas Wildey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ogden_(Odd_Fellows_founder)" title="Peter Ogden (Odd Fellows founder)">Peter Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Schuyler Colfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Ridgely" title="James L. Ridgely">James L. Ridgely</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Odd_Fellows_buildings" title="Category:Odd Fellows buildings">Buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Odd_Fellows_buildings" title="List of Odd Fellows buildings">List of Odd Fellows buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insignia_Financial" title="Insignia Financial">Insignia Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Unity_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Unity Credit Union">Manchester Unity Credit Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Odd_Fellowship" title="Category:Odd Fellowship">Category:Odd Fellowship</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conspiracy_theories333" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conspiracy_theories" title="Template:Conspiracy theories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conspiracy_theories" title="Template talk:Conspiracy theories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conspiracy_theories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conspiracy theories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conspiracy_theories333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories" title="List of conspiracy theories">List of conspiracy theories</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabal" title="Cabal">Cabals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_state" title="Deep state">deep state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89minence_grise" title="Éminence grise">éminence grise</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_behind_the_throne" title="Power behind the throne">power behind the throne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conspiracy" title="Civil conspiracy">Civil</a> / <a href="/wiki/Criminal_conspiracy" title="Criminal conspiracy">Criminal</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_conspiracies" title="List of political conspiracies">Political conspiracies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" title="Conspiracy">Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_actor" title="Crisis actor">Crisis actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deception" title="Deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophe_scenarios" title="Global catastrophe scenarios">Global catastrophe scenarios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_message" title="Hidden message">Hidden message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrecy" title="Secrecy">Secrecy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secret societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legends and myths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_polarization#Attitude_polarization" title="Group polarization">Attitude polarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">Confirmation bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">Denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_of_control" title="Locus of control">Locus of control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">Manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_psychogenic_illness" title="Mass psychogenic illness">Mass psychogenic illness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_panic" title="Moral panic">moral panics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">Paranoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Psychological projection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomy_and_outer_space333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Astronomy and outer space</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_beliefs" title="Modern flat Earth beliefs">Flat Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Moon" title="Hollow Moon">Hollow Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptilian_conspiracy_theory" title="Reptilian conspiracy theory">Reptilians</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UFOs32" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UFO_conspiracy_theories" title="UFO conspiracy theories">UFOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_abduction" title="Alien abduction">Alien abduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_51" title="Area 51">Area 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_satellite_conspiracy_theory" title="Black Knight satellite conspiracy theory">Black Knight satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonnies#Cryptoterrestrial_hypothesis" title="Mac Tonnies">Cryptoterrestrial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis">Extraterrestrial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interdimensional_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdimensional hypothesis">Interdimensional hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulce_Base" title="Dulce Base">Dulce Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Sign" title="Project Sign"><i>Estimate of the Situation</i></a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan_Triangle" title="Lake Michigan Triangle">Lake Michigan Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majestic_12" title="Majestic 12">MJ-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_black" title="Men in black">Men in black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_UFOs" title="Nazi UFOs">Nazi UFOs</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Glocke_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Die Glocke (conspiracy theory)">Die Glocke</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience#Serpo" title="Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience">Project Serpo</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hoaxes37" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes" title="List of UFO-related hoaxes">Hoaxes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dundy_County_UFO_hoax" title="Dundy County UFO hoax">Dundy County</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maury_Island_incident" title="Maury Island incident">Maury Island</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell_incident#Roswell_in_UFO_conspiracy_theories_(1978–present)" title="Roswell incident">Roswell</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls_saucer_hoax" title="Twin Falls saucer hoax">Twin Falls</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec,_New_Mexico_crashed_saucer_hoax" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec, New Mexico crashed saucer hoax">Aztec, New Mexico</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_British_flying_saucer_hoax" title="1967 British flying saucer hoax">Southern England</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes#Photograph_of_"an_alien"_taken_at_Ilkley_Moor_(1987)" title="List of UFO-related hoaxes">Ilkley Moor</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Breeze_UFO_incident" title="Gulf Breeze UFO incident">Gulf Breeze</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Autopsy_(1995_film)" title="Alien Autopsy (1995 film)">Alien autopsy</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_UFO_hoax" title="Morristown UFO hoax">Morristown</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Deaths_and_disappearances333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Deaths and disappearances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Assassination_theories" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince#Disappearance" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener#Death" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_legacy_of_Tom_Thomson#Alternative_theories" title="Death and legacy of Tom Thomson">Tom Thomson</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%27s_death_controversy" title="Władysław Sikorski's death controversy">Władysław Sikorski</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini#Post-war_controversy" title="Death of Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_Adolf_Hitler%27s_death" title="Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death">Adolf Hitler</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Death of Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Stompanato#Legacy_and_conspiracy_theories" title="Killing of Johnny Stompanato">Johnny Stompanato</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marilyn_Monroe#Conspiracy_theories" title="Death of Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">John F. Kennedy</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald#Foreign_involvement_in_his_murder" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri#Death" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Harold_Holt#Conspiracy_theories" title="Disappearance of Harold Holt">Harold Holt</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende" title="Death of Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro" title="Conspiracy theories about the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renny_Ottolina#Death_and_legacy" title="Renny Ottolina">Renny Ottolina</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I_conspiracy_theories" title="Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories">Pope John Paul I</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airey_Neave#Conspiracy_theories" title="Airey Neave">Airey Neave</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Olof_Palme#Murder_theories" title="Assassination of Olof Palme">Olof Palme</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq#Theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEC-Marconi_scientist_deaths_conspiracy_theory" title="GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory">GEC-Marconi scientists</a> (1980s–90s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal#Death_and_exhumation" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Vince_Foster" title="Suicide of Vince Foster">Vince Foster</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kurt_Cobain" title="Suicide of Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_murders" title="Vatican murders">Vatican murders</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre#Conspiracy_theories" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Nepalese royal family</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cause_of_Yasser_Arafat%27s_death#Theories_about_the_cause_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause of Yasser Arafat's death">Yasser Arafat</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto#United_Nations_inquiry" title="Assassination of Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden_death_conspiracy_theories" title="Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories">Osama bin Laden</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Seth Rich</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Castro_(activist)" title="Alejandro Castro (activist)">Alejandro Castro</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_Epstein#Homicide_suspicions_and_conspiracy_theories" title="Death of Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chan_Yin-lam" title="Death of Chan Yin-lam">Chan Yin-lam</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sushant_Singh_Rajput#Public_reactions" title="Death of Sushant Singh Rajput">Sushant Singh Rajput</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee#Death" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accidents / disasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Celeste#Myths_and_false_histories" title="Mary Celeste"><i>Mary Celeste</i></a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_conspiracy_theories" title="Titanic conspiracy theories">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake#Ensuing_violence" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">Great Kantō earthquake</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynmouth_Flood#Conspiracy_theory" title="Lynmouth Flood">Lynmouth Flood</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyatlov_Pass_incident" title="Dyatlov Pass incident">Dyatlov Pass</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cosmonauts" title="Lost Cosmonauts">Lost Cosmonauts</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAT_Flight_367#Shootdown_conspiracy_theory" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_553#Conspiracy_theories" title="United Air Lines Flight 553">United Air Lines Flight 553</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295#Theories_regarding_the_cause_of_the_fire" title="South African Airways Flight 295">South African Airways Flight 295</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamar-Daban_incident" title="Khamar-Daban incident">Khamar-Daban</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_MS_Estonia" title="Sinking of the MS Estonia">MS <i>Estonia</i></a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_800_conspiracy_theories" title="TWA Flight 800 conspiracy theories">TWA Flight 800</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990#Media_coverage" title="EgyptAir Flight 990">EgyptAir Flight 990</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories">Malaysia Airlines Flight 370</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_historical_interpretations_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> (1431)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Children_Affair" title="Yemenite Children Affair">Yemenite children</a> (1948–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_sightings" title="Elvis sightings">Elvis Presley</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown#Conspiracy_theories" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Body double hoax</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_is_dead" title="Paul is dead">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Avril Lavigne replacement conspiracy theory">Avril Lavigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory_about_Vladimir_Putin%27s_body_doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theory about Vladimir Putin's body doubles">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump_replacement_conspiracy_theory" title="Melania Trump replacement conspiracy theory">Melania Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Energy,_environment333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Energy, environment</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_21#Opposition" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory" title="California drought manipulation conspiracy theory"></a></li></ul><a href="/wiki/California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory" title="California drought manipulation conspiracy theory"> </a><p><a href="/wiki/California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory" title="California drought manipulation conspiracy theory">California drought manipulation</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change conspiracy theory">false theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_energy_suppression_conspiracy_theory" title="Free energy suppression conspiracy theory">Free energy suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program#Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program">HAARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_mercury" title="Red mercury">Red mercury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="False_flag_allegations333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a> allegations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)#False_flag_operation_conspiracy_theories" title="USS Maine (1889)">USS <i>Maine</i></a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania#Controversies" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire#Dispute_about_Van_der_Lubbe's_role" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory" title="Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory">Pearl Harbor</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident#Ongoing_controversy_and_unresolved_questions" title="USS Liberty incident">USS <i>Liberty</i></a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Flight_615#Allegations_of_West_German_government_involvement" title="Lufthansa Flight 615">Lufthansa Flight 615</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wider%C3%B8e_Flight_933" title="Widerøe Flight 933">Widerøe Flight 933</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007_alternative_theories" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories">KAL Flight 007</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash" title="1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash">Mozambican presidential jet</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103_conspiracy_theories" title="Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories">Pan Am Flight 103</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing_conspiracy_theories" title="Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories">Oklahoma City bombing</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 attacks</a> (2001) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theories" title="September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories">advance knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_controlled_demolition_conspiracy_theories" title="World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories">WTC collapse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_about_the_2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings">Madrid train bombing</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings#Conspiracy_theories" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">London bombings</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_air_disaster" title="Smolensk air disaster">Smolensk air disaster</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17#Russian_media_coverage" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the 7 October attacks">Denial of the 7 October attacks</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Gender_and_sexuality333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gender and sexuality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Alpha/beta males</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_chemicals_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_panic" title="Drag panic">Drag panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">Gay agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Nazis_myth" title="Gay Nazis myth">Gay Nazis myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_HIV/AIDS#1981–1982:_From_GRID_to_AIDS" title="History of HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States#Public_perception" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric#Homintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">Homintern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric#Recruitment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_grooming_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT grooming conspiracy theory">Grooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter_boxes_in_schools_hoax" title="Litter boxes in schools hoax">Litter box hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvestigation" title="Transvestigation">Transvestigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_pinching_conspiracy_theory" title="Finger pinching conspiracy theory">Finger pinching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">GamerGate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel#Ideology_present_in_incel_communities" title="Incel">Ideology in incel communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larries" title="Larries">Larries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Swifties#Gaylor" title="Swifties">Gaylors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_panic" title="Satanic panic">Satanic panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_boy" title="Soy boy">Soy and masculinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_misinformation" title="5G misinformation">5G misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Autism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">In chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">Misinformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspartame_controversy" title="Aspartame controversy">Aspartame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">Lab leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Vaccines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_cancer" title="Turbo cancer">Turbo cancer</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 misinformation in Canada">Canada</a> / <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines">Philippines</a> / <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebola_misinformation" title="Ebola misinformation">Ebola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_harassment" title="Electronic harassment">Electronic harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMO_conspiracy_theories" title="GMO conspiracy theories">GMOs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories" title="Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories">Origins theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">Oral polio AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1321_lepers%27_plot" title="1321 lepers' plot">Lepers' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medbed" title="Medbed">Medbeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS_conspiracy_theory" title="SARS conspiracy theory">SARS</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Pont-Saint-Esprit_mass_poisoning" title="1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning">Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Race,_religion_and/or_ethnicity333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Race, religion and/or ethnicity</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwa_Love_Trap_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagwa Love Trap conspiracy theory">Bhagwa Love Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERN_ritual_hoax" title="CERN ritual hoax">CERN ritual hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 and xenophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Freemasons</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ories_du_complot_ma%C3%A7onnique_dans_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise">French Revolution</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_concentration_camp#Discredited_extermination_camp_story" title="Warsaw concentration camp">Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw</a></span> (1940s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_Losses" title="Other Losses">German POWs post-WWII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory_of_Sion" title="Priory of Sion">Priory of Sion</a></li> <li>Product labeling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halal_conspiracy_theories" title="Halal conspiracy theories">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tax_conspiracy_theory" title="Kosher tax conspiracy theory">Kosher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarian_Empire_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartarian Empire (conspiracy theory)">Tartarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Islam_controversy" title="War on Islam controversy">War against Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Antisemitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_Plan" title="Cohen Plan">Cohen Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">During the Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Team" title="Epsilon Team">Epsilon Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories" title="George Soros conspiracy theories">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_trivialization" title="Holocaust trivialization">Trivialization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_300" title="Committee of 300">Committee of 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Jewish Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonic plot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory" title="Jewish war conspiracy theory">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Z.O.G.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeopolonia" title="Judeopolonia">Judeopolonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Killing of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family#Conspiracy_theories" title="Rothschild family">Rothschilds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian / <a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Anti-Catholic_conspiracy_theories" title="List of conspiracy theories">Anti-Catholic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_conspiracy_theories" title="Jesuit conspiracy theories">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popish_Plot" title="Popish Plot">Popish Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_conspiracy_theories" title="Vatican conspiracy theories">Vatican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible conspiracy theory">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_of_Giuseppe_Siri_theory" title="Papal election of Giuseppe Siri theory">Giuseppe Siri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpIndia#Bihar_human_sacrifice_claims" title="OpIndia">Bihar human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory" title="Eurabia conspiracy theory">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_jihad_conspiracy_theory" title="Love jihad conspiracy theory">Love jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamo-leftism#2021_proposed_Vidal_inquiry" title="Islamo-leftism">Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse_scandal" title="Trojan Horse scandal">Trojan Horse scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Template:Denial_of_mass_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Denial of mass killings">Denial of mass killings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo#Denial_and_justification" title="Sayfo">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide#Views_in_Pakistan" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial" title="Bosnian genocide denial">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide_denial" title="Cambodian genocide denial">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor_denial" title="Holodomor denial">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_denial" title="Nanjing Massacre denial">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide_denial" title="Rwandan genocide denial">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Serbs during WWII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cow_vigilante_violence_in_India" title="Cow vigilante violence in India">Cow vigilante violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Greater Bangladesh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinnahpur" title="Jinnahpur">Jinnahpur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallano_gold" title="Tallano gold">Tallano gold</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger-pinching_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger-pinching conspiracy theory">Finger-pinching</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thailand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Plot" title="Finland Plot">Finland Plot</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas<br /><small>(outside the United States)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Canada_CF-105_Arrow#Cancellation" title="Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow">Avro Arrow cancellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuchter_report" title="Leuchter report">Leuchter report</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Matusita" title="Casa Matusita">Casa Matusita</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daktari_Ranch_affair" title="Daktari Ranch affair">Daktari Ranch affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golpe_Azul" title="Golpe Azul">Golpe Azul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East / North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_the_Arab_world" title="Conspiracy theories in the Arab world">In the Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_agorot_controversy" title="10 agorot controversy">10 agorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_fire#Conspiracy_theories" title="Cairo fire">Cairo fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissinger_Plan_in_Lebanon" title="Kissinger Plan in Lebanon">Kissinger Plan in Lebanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel-related_animal_conspiracy_theories" title="Israel-related animal conspiracy theories">Israel-related animal theories</a></li> <li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_overthrow_of_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories about the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Western-backed Iranian Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallywood" title="Pallywood">Pallywood</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_payment_conspiracy" title="Alaska payment conspiracy">Alaska payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulles%27_Plan" title="Dulles' Plan">Dulles' Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_billion" title="Golden billion">Golden billion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagantsev_conspiracy" title="Tagantsev conspiracy">Petrograd Military Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin" title="Grigori Rasputin">Rasputin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_Turkey" title="Conspiracy theories in Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt#Staged_coup_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 coup attempt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_(organization)" title="Ergenekon (organization)">Ergenekon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)" title="Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)">Operation Sledgehammer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests#Conspiracy_claims" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_syndrome" title="Sèvres syndrome">Sèvres syndrome</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Üst_akıl" title="List of conspiracy theories">Üst akıl</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyth</a></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_War_Party" title="Global War Party">Global War Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ireland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Plot_(Ireland)" title="German Plot (Ireland)">German Plot</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itavia_Flight_870" title="Itavia Flight 870">Itavia Flight 870</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lithuania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statesmen_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Statesmen (conspiracy theory)">Statesmen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Roman Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Catilinarian_conspiracy" title="First Catilinarian conspiracy">First Catilinarian conspiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Negra_affair" title="Mano Negra affair">Mano Negra affair</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilla_Saltsj%C3%B6badsavtalet" title="Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet">Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clockwork_Orange_(plot)" title="Clockwork Orange (plot)">Clockwork Orange plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_Guest_House_hoax" title="Elm Guest House hoax">Elm Guest House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson_plot_allegations" title="Harold Wilson plot allegations">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_pencil_conspiracy_theory" title="Voting pencil conspiracy theory">Voting pencil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_United_States_politics" title="Conspiracy theories in United States politics">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barack Obama <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Real_Father" title="Dreams from My Real Father">Parentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_Barack_Obama_spying_on_Donald_Trump" title="Allegations of Barack Obama spying on Donald Trump">"Obamagate"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_helicopter" title="Black helicopter">Black helicopters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory" title="CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory">CIA and JFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_CIA_assistance_to_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden">CIA assistance to bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_body_count_conspiracy_theory" title="Clinton body count conspiracy theory">Clinton body count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Election denial movement in the United States">Election denial movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_secret_society_conspiracy_theory" title="FBI secret society conspiracy theory">FBI secret society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEMA_camps_conspiracy_theory" title="FEMA camps conspiracy theory">FEMA camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Guidestones#Conspiracy_theories" title="Georgia Guidestones">Georgia Guidestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Helm_15_conspiracy_theories" title="Jade Helm 15 conspiracy theories">Jade Helm 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauk_Project" title="Montauk Project">Montauk Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Experiment" title="Philadelphia Experiment">Philadelphia Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plan_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Plan (Washington, D.C.)">The Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Azorian" title="Project Azorian">Project Azorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_QAnon" title="Pastel QAnon">Pastel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_incidents_involving_QAnon" title="Timeline of incidents involving QAnon">Incidents</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting_conspiracy_theories" title="Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories">Sandy Hook</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_pet-eating_hoax" title="Springfield pet-eating hoax">Springfield pet-eating hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vast_right-wing_conspiracy_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vast right-wing conspiracy (term)">"Vast right-wing conspiracy"</a></li> <li>Vietnam War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War_POW/MIA_issue" title="Vietnam War POW/MIA issue">POW/MIA issue</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2020_election106" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Conspiracy_allegations" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italygate" title="Italygate">Italygate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Pence_Card" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">"Pence Card"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Maricopa_County_presidential_ballot_audit" title="2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot audit">Maricopa County ballot audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Stop_the_Steal" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Stop the Steal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Internet_theory" title="Dead Internet theory">Dead Internet theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESARA" title="NESARA">NESARA/GESARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Coke#Conspiracy_theories" title="New Coke">New Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_time_conspiracy_theory" title="Phantom time conspiracy theory">Phantom time</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">New chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_government_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Shadow government (conspiracy theory)">Shadow government claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilderberg_Meeting#Conspiracy_theories" title="Bilderberg Meeting">Bilderberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synarchism" title="Synarchism">synarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Shakespearean authorship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law#Conspiracy_theory" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_movement" title="Redemption movement">Redemption movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawman_theory" title="Strawman theory">Strawman theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_conspiracy_arguments" title="Tax protester conspiracy arguments">Tax protesters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satirical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre_conspiracy" title="Acre conspiracy">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_conspiracy" title="Bielefeld conspiracy">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_Aren%27t_Real" title="Birds Aren't Real">Birds Aren't Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li%27s_field" title="Li's field">Li's field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz%E2%80%93Zodiac_Killer_meme" title="Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme">Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="See_also333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">See also</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_Encyclopedia" title="Conspiracy Encyclopedia">Conspiracy Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_fiction" title="Conspiracy fiction">Conspiracy fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspirituality" title="Conspirituality">Conspirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">Dogma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">pseudoskepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization" title="Online youth radicalization">Online youth radicalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalization" title="Radicalization">Radicalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_by_press_conference" title="Science by press conference">Science by press conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Phaleristics708" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phaleristics" title="Template:Phaleristics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phaleristics" title="Template talk:Phaleristics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phaleristics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phaleristics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Phaleristics708" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_sciences_of_history" title="Auxiliary sciences of history">Auxiliary science of history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatics</a> about <a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Distinctions</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Lists</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By conferee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">Founts of honour</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_decoration" title="State decoration">States</a> <ul><li>and their national/public/official authorities</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_order" title="Dynastic order">Dynasties</a> <ul><li>heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_award" title="Ecclesiastical award">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organisations</a></li> <li>Commercial</li> <li><small>(<a href="/wiki/Self-styled_order" title="Self-styled order">Self-styled order</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Order of chivalry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_order_of_chivalry" title="Colonial order of chivalry">Colonial order</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_merit" title="Order of merit">Order of merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family_order" title="Royal family order">Royal family order</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Titles_(Styles,Post-nominal)136" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">Titles</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_function11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessor_(law)" title="Assessor (law)">Assessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(order)" title="Bailiff (order)">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain#Other" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">Master of ceremonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> / <i>Grand Cordon</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry#Typical_insignia_and_ranks" title="Order of chivalry">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a></li> <li>Postulant <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squire" title="Squire">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_(servant)" title="Page (servant)">Page</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter#Order_charter" title="Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandery" title="Commandery">Commandery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">Obedience</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Lodge</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Others,<br />by field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">List of highest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_medal" title="Campaign medal">Campaign medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_awards_and_honors" title="List of law enforcement awards and honors">Law enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_awards_and_decorations" title="Civil awards and decorations">Civilian</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_awards_and_decorations" title="List of civil awards and decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_society" title="List of awards for contributions to society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_prizes" title="List of peace prizes">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intellectual_freedom_awards" title="List of intellectual freedom awards">Intellectual freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_rights_awards" title="List of human rights awards">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legal_awards" title="List of legal awards">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_and_service_awards" title="List of humanitarian and service awards">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politics_awards" title="List of politics awards">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volunteer_awards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of volunteer awards">Volunteer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_culture" title="List of awards for contributions to culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_awards" title="List of architecture awards">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_art_awards" title="Lists of art awards">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_awards" title="List of film awards">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_history_awards" title="List of history awards">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_awards" title="List of literary awards">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophy_awards" title="List of philosophy awards">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poetry_awards" title="List of poetry awards">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatre_awards" title="List of theatre awards">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_and_technology_awards" title="Lists of science and technology awards">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religion-related_awards" title="List of religion-related awards">Religion-related</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_decoration" title="Ecclesiastical decoration">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sport_awards" title="List of sport awards">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_awards_in_Scouting" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest awards in Scouting">Scouting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beauty_pageants" title="List of beauty pageants">Beauty</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_named_after_people" title="List of awards named after people">Named after <br />people</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For wearing<br /><i>(decorations)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelengk" title="Chelengk">Chelengk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(order)" title="Collar (order)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livery_collar" title="Livery collar">Livery collar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> / <i>Grand Cordon</i> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">sash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">Medal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necklet" title="Necklet">Necklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Medal bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_ribbon" title="Medal ribbon">Medal ribbon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe_of_honour" title="Robe of honour">Robe of honour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiraz" title="Tiraz">Tiraz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(decoration)" title="Rosette (decoration)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Award_pin" title="Award pin">Award pin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge" title="Badge">Badge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_badge" title="Pilgrim badge">Pilgrim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Championship_belt" title="Championship belt">Championship belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidered_patch" title="Embroidered patch">Embroidered patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaulette" title="Epaulette">Epaulette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Championship_ring" title="Championship ring">Championship ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin-back_button" title="Pin-back button">Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_button" title="Campaign button">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_lapel_button_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Service lapel button (disambiguation)">Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_mark" title="Shoulder mark">Shoulder mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prize" title="Prize">Prizes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booby_prize" title="Booby prize">Booby prize</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_spoon_(award)" title="Wooden spoon (award)">Wooden spoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal_toy" title="Deal toy">Deal toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquette" title="Plaquette">Plaquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_book" title="Prize book">Prize book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_money" title="Prize money">Prize money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_of_war" title="Prize of war">Prize of war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_trophy" title="War trophy">War trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trophy_collecting" title="Human trophy collecting">Human trophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(award)" title="Rosette (award)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy" title="Trophy">Trophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_trophy" title="Acrylic trophy">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_trophy" title="Participation trophy">Participation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_of_a_field_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field or the highest honors of a field">Prizes known as the Nobel of a field</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_the_Garter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/80px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/120px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/160px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="89" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/80px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/120px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/160px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="411" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><br /><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonies <br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">Accolade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigil#Medieval_knights" title="Vigil">Vigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feoffment" title="Feoffment">Feoffment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_fee" title="Passage fee">Passage fee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow" title="Vow">Vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_day" title="Collar day">Collar day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">Fraternity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_order" title="Fraternal order">Fraternal order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secret society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicate" title="Syndicate">Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellowship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_society" title="Honor society">Honor society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hereditary_and_lineage_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hereditary and lineage organizations">Hereditary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">Club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">Gentlemen's club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Orders_of_Chivalry" title="International Commission for Orders of Chivalry">International Commission for Orders of Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_flag" title="Service flag">Service flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">Battle honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_streamer" title="Campaign streamer">Campaign streamer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">Order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonga" title="Taonga">Taonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotional_medal" title="Devotional medal">Devotional 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