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class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Train ferry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99miryol_b%C9%99r%C9%99si" title="Dəmiryol bərəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəmiryol bərəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="রেলফেরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেলফেরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_trajekt" title="Željeznički trajekt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Željeznički trajekt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trajekt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernbanef%C3%A6rge" title="Jernbanefærge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jernbanefærge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenbahnf%C3%A4hre" title="Eisenbahnfähre – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eisenbahnfähre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudteeparvlaev" title="Raudteeparvlaev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raudteeparvlaev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Πορθμείο σιδηροδρόμων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πορθμείο σιδηροδρόμων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transbordador_ferroviario" title="Transbordador ferroviario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transbordador ferroviario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traversier-rail" title="Traversier-rail – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traversier-rail" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84%EC%97%B0%EB%9D%BD%EC%84%A0" title="철도연락선 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철도연락선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilcienu_pr%C4%81mis" title="Vilcienu prāmis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vilcienu prāmis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traukini%C5%B3_keltas" title="Traukinių keltas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Traukinių keltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoorpont" title="Spoorpont – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spoorpont" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%A1%E8%88%B9" title="鉄道連絡船 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉄道連絡船" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernbaneferge" title="Jernbaneferge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jernbaneferge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernbaneferje" title="Jernbaneferje – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jernbaneferje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prom_kolejowy" title="Prom kolejowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prom kolejowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Train ferry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezni%C5%A1ki_trajekt" title="Železniški trajekt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Železniški trajekt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_trajekt" title="Željeznički trajekt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Željeznički trajekt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junalautta" title="Junalautta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Junalautta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5gf%C3%A4rja" title="Tågfärja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tågfärja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tren_feribotu" title="Tren feribotu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tren feribotu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Train_ferries" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15262" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ferryboat carrying railroad cars onboard</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For information on other shipping boats such as this, see <a href="/wiki/Merchant_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant vessel">Merchant vessel</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roll-on_roll-off_train_ferry_in_Villa_San_Giovanni,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image showing a railcar on rails inside the white interior of a ferry." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roll-on_roll-off_train_ferry_in_Villa_San_Giovanni%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Roll-on_roll-off_train_ferry_in_Villa_San_Giovanni%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roll-on_roll-off_train_ferry_in_Villa_San_Giovanni%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Roll-on_roll-off_train_ferry_in_Villa_San_Giovanni%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roll-on_roll-off_train_ferry_in_Villa_San_Giovanni%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Roll-on_roll-off_train_ferry_in_Villa_San_Giovanni%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2877" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption>Interior of a roll-on roll-off train ferry in <a href="/wiki/Villa_San_Giovanni" title="Villa San Giovanni">Villa San Giovanni</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puttgarden-191_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Puttgarden-191_07.jpg/220px-Puttgarden-191_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Puttgarden-191_07.jpg/330px-Puttgarden-191_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Puttgarden-191_07.jpg/440px-Puttgarden-191_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Railway ferry, Baltic Sea</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>train ferry</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ship</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a>) designed to carry <a href="/wiki/Railroad_car" title="Railroad car">railway vehicles</a>, as well as their cargoes and passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-Wartsila_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wartsila-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p595_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p595-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, one level of the ship is fitted with <a href="/wiki/Track_(rail_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Track (rail transport)">railway tracks</a>, and the vessel has a door at the front and/or rear to give access to the wharves. In the United States, train ferries are sometimes referred to as "car ferries",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-olin1915_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olin1915-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as distinguished from "auto ferries" used to transport automobiles. The <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharf</a> (sometimes called a "<a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">slip</a>") has a ramp, and a <a href="/wiki/Linkspan#Train_ferry" title="Linkspan">linkspan</a> or "apron", balanced by weights, that connects the railway proper to the ship, allowing for tidal or seasonal changes in water level. </p><p>While railway vehicles can be and are shipped on the decks or in the holds of ordinary ships, purpose-built train ferries can be quickly loaded and unloaded by <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">roll-on/roll-off</a>, especially as several vehicles can be loaded or unloaded at once. A train ferry that is a <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a> is called a <a href="/wiki/Car_float" title="Car float">car float</a> or rail barge. Some train ferries are considered pure train ferries that only carry rail traffic, whereas others are defined as train/vehicle ferries that also carry vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-p595_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p595-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Train_ferry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An early train ferry was established as early as 1833 by the <a href="/wiki/Monkland_and_Kirkintilloch_Railway" title="Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway">Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway</a>. To extend the line over the <a href="/wiki/Forth_and_Clyde_Canal" title="Forth and Clyde Canal">Forth and Clyde Canal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the company began operating a wagon ferry to transport the rolling stock over the canal.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marshall-Guinness_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-Guinness-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In April 1836, the first railroad car ferry in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>, <i>Susquehanna</i>, entered service on the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a> between <a href="/wiki/Havre_de_Grace,_Maryland" title="Havre de Grace, Maryland">Havre de Grace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perryville,_Maryland" title="Perryville, Maryland">Perryville, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall-Guinness_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-Guinness-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first modern train ferry was <i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(1849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviathan (1849)">Leviathan</a></i>, built in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-d526_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d526-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h225_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h225-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh,_Leith_and_Newhaven_Railway" title="Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway">Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway</a> was formed in 1842 and the company wished to extend the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a> further north to <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>. As bridge technology was not yet capable enough to provide adequate support for the crossing over the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>, which was roughly five miles (8 km) across, a different solution had to be found, primarily for the transport of goods, where efficiency was key. The company hired the up-and-coming civil engineer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bouch" title="Thomas Bouch">Thomas Bouch</a> who argued for a train ferry with an efficient <a href="/wiki/Roll-on_roll-off" class="mw-redirect" title="Roll-on roll-off">roll-on roll-off</a> mechanism to maximise the efficiency of the system.<sup id="cite_ref-d526_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d526-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Custom-built ferries were to be built, with railway lines and matching harbour facilities at both ends to allow the rolling stock to easily drive on and off the boat.<sup id="cite_ref-Forth_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To compensate for the changing <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tides</a>, adjustable ramps were positioned at the harbours and the gantry structure height was varied by moving it along the slipway. The wagons were loaded on and off with the use of <a href="/wiki/Stationary_steam_engine" title="Stationary steam engine">stationary steam engines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forth_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marshall-Guinness_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-Guinness-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although others had had similar ideas, it was Bouch who first put them into effect, and did so with an attention to detail (such as design of the <a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">ferry slip</a>). This led a subsequent President of the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Civil_Engineers" title="Institution of Civil Engineers">Institution of Civil Engineers</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to settle any dispute over priority of invention with the observation that "there was little merit in a simple conception of this kind, compared with a work practically carried out in all its details, and brought to perfection."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was persuaded to install this train ferry service for the transportation of goods wagons across the Firth of Forth from Burntisland in Fife to <a href="/wiki/Granton,_Edinburgh" title="Granton, Edinburgh">Granton</a>. The ferry itself was built by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grainger" title="Thomas Grainger">Thomas Grainger</a>, a partner of the firm Grainger and Miller.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service commenced on 3 February 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was called "The Floating Railway"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and intended as a temporary measure until the railway could build a bridge, but this was <a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">not opened until 1890</a>, its construction delayed in part by repercussions from the catastrophic failure of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bouch" title="Thomas Bouch">Thomas Bouch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tay_Bridge_disaster" title="Tay Bridge disaster">Tay Rail Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1878, the <a href="/wiki/Solano_(ferry)" title="Solano (ferry)">Solano train ferry</a> began operating in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> across <a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Strait" title="Carquinez Strait">Carquinez Strait</a> remaining in service until 1930 when a bridge was built.<sup id="cite_ref-h755_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h755-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-q022_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1899, the <a href="/wiki/SS_Baikal" title="SS Baikal">SS Baikal</a> train ferry was assembled in Russia to link the eastern and western portions of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Siberian Railroad">Trans-Siberian Railroad</a> across <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ferry had been built in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> then disassembled and shipped in 7,000 crates to its assembly location inside Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> has a long history of train ferry usage beginning in the 1860s.<sup id="cite_ref-o624_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o624-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1869 and 1976, train ferries also existed on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance_train_ferries" title="Lake Constance train ferries">Lake Constance train ferries</a> linked lakeside railway stations in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bregenz_railway_station" title="Bregenz railway station">Bregenz</a>), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_Hafen_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrichshafen Hafen railway station">Friedrichshafen Hafen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstanz_station" title="Konstanz station">Konstanz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindau-Insel_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindau-Insel railway station">Lindau-Insel</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanshorn_railway_station" title="Romanshorn railway station">Romanshorn</a>). </p><p>From 1936 until 1977 (except during the Second World War), the <a href="/wiki/Night_Ferry" title="Night Ferry">Night Ferry</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a> was a train ferry that connected the UK with France and the rest of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n553_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n553-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-w632_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w632-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese train ferry <i><a href="/wiki/Toya_Maru" class="mw-redirect" title="Toya Maru">Toya Maru</a></i> sank during <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Marie_(1954)" title="Typhoon Marie (1954)">Typhoon Marie</a> on 26 September 1954, killing more than a thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-i543_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i543-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four other train ferries, <i>Seikan maru No.11</i>, <i>Kitami Maru</i>, <i>Tokachi Maru</i> and <i>Hidaka Maru</i> also sank on that day; the loss appeared to be of about 1,430 people. At the time, Japanese train ferries did not have a rear seagate, because engineers believed that in-rushing water would simply flow out again quickly and would not pose a danger.<sup id="cite_ref-q610_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q610-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when the frequency of waves bears the wrong relationship to the length of a ship, each wave arrives as the water from the previous wave is trying to leave, causing water to accumulate on the ship. After the accidents, all Japanese train ferries were retrofitted with rear seagates and weather forecast technology was greatly promoted. </p><p>The Norwegian train ferry <i>Skagerrak</i> built in 1965, sank in gale-force winds on 7 September 1966, on a journey between <a href="/wiki/Kristiansand" title="Kristiansand">Kristiansand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hirtshals" title="Hirtshals">Hirtshals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, when the rear seagate was destroyed by heavy seas. One person subsequently died of injuries, and six freight cars and a number of automobiles sank to the bottom with the ship. Many more passengers would have died but for the actions of the Royal Danish Airforce who managed to use helicopters to rescue 144 people.<sup id="cite_ref-w567_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w567-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian train ferry <a href="/wiki/MV_Patrick_Morris" title="MV Patrick Morris">MV <i>Patrick Morris</i></a> sank on 20 April 1970, while assisting in a search-and-rescue operation for a sinking fishing trawler (MFV <i>Enterprise</i>) off the northeast coast of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>. The ferry was trying to maintain position to retrieve a body when its <a href="/wiki/Stern_gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Stern gate">stern gates</a> were overpowered by 30-foot (9.1 m) waves. It sank within 30 minutes taking several rail cars and 4 crew members, including the Captain, to the bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Cabot_Strait" title="Cabot Strait">Cabot Strait</a>. There were 47 survivors.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, the largest train ferry ever was built, the <a href="/wiki/MS_Sk%C3%A5ne" title="MS Skåne">MS <i>Skåne</i></a> on the Trelleborg-Rostock route, is 200 meters (660 ft) long, 29 meters (95 ft) wide, with six tracks plus two on an elevator to the lower deck, having a total length of track of 1,110 meters (3,640 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-m027_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m027-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 436.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 434.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Floating_railway_1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 'Floating Railway', opened in 1850 as the first roll-on roll-off train ferry in the world."><img alt="The 'Floating Railway', opened in 1850 as the first roll-on roll-off train ferry in the world." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Floating_railway_1850.jpg/652px-Floating_railway_1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="435" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Floating_railway_1850.jpg/979px-Floating_railway_1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Floating_railway_1850.jpg/1303px-Floating_railway_1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2011" data-file-height="695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 'Floating Railway', opened in 1850 as the first <a href="/wiki/Roll-on_roll-off" class="mw-redirect" title="Roll-on roll-off">roll-on roll-off</a> train ferry in the world.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Granton_train_ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bouch's ferry design. Note the adjustable ramp of the Granton train ferry."><img alt="Bouch's ferry design. Note the adjustable ramp of the Granton train ferry." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Granton_train_ferry.jpg/318px-Granton_train_ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Granton_train_ferry.jpg/478px-Granton_train_ferry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/Granton_train_ferry.jpg/636px-Granton_train_ferry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="566" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bouch" title="Thomas Bouch">Bouch's</a> ferry design. Note the <a href="/wiki/Adjustable_ramp" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjustable ramp">adjustable ramp</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Granton_train_ferry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granton train ferry (page does not exist)">Granton train ferry</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_services">Current services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Train_ferry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_train_ferries" title="List of train ferries">List of train ferries</a></div> <p>Many train ferry services ceased their operations around the world. There are several services that are still in use in Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Germany, Georgia, Iran, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Russia, Sweden, Tanzania, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, and United States. Some of these are <a href="/wiki/RORO_ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="RORO ferry">RORO train ferries</a> that carry passenger trains. Some are for freight transportation only. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hazards">Hazards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Train_ferry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Train ferries rarely sink because of sea hazards, although they have some weaknesses linked to the very nature of transporting trains "on rail" on a ship. </p><p>These weaknesses include: </p> <ul><li>Trains are loaded at a rather high level, making the ship <a href="/wiki/Center_of_mass" title="Center of mass">top-heavy</a>. (Although modern train ferries often have truck decks above the train deck, making them less top-heavy)</li> <li>The train deck is difficult to compartmentalise, so that <a href="/wiki/Free_surface_effect" title="Free surface effect">sloshing flood water can destabilize</a> the ship. However, train ferries are often built as "large barges", partly with open train deck, with the superstructure above, meaning the water will pour out into the sea again. Car ferries, on the other hand, usually have "normal hulls" with "holes" in them for loading; this design retains sloshing flood water within the ship</li> <li>The sea doors where the trains go in and out are a weakness, even if placed at the rear of the ship.</li> <li>The train carriages need to be strongly secured lest they break away and roll around, particularly on long, open-water routes. (The brakes are normally put on on long open-water routes)</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor_Railroad_(1895-1976)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor Railroad (1895-1976)">Ann Arbor Railroad</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> developed a system of making cars secure that was adopted by many other lines. Screw jacks were placed on the corners of the railcar and the car was raised slightly to take its weight off its wheels. Chains and turnbuckles were placed around the car frame and hooked onto the rails and tightened. Clamps were placed behind the wheels on the rails. Deckhands engaged in continual inspection and tightening of the gear during the crossing. This system effectively held the cars in place when the ship encountered rough weather. </p><p>Some accidents have occurred at the slip during loading, when stability can be a major problem. Train ferries often list when heavy cars are loaded onto a track on one side while the other side is empty. Normal procedure was to load half of a track on one side, all of the track on the other side, and then the rest of the original track. If this procedure was not followed, results could be disastrous. In 1909, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Ann_Arbor_No._4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Ann Arbor No. 4 (page does not exist)">SS <i>Ann Arbor No. 4</i></a> capsized in its slip in Manistique, Michigan when a switching crew put eight cars of iron ore on its portside tracks. The crew got off without loss of life, but salvage operations were costly and time-consuming. </p><p>Several train ferries, including <a href="/wiki/SS_Milwaukee_(1902)" title="SS Milwaukee (1902)">SS <i>Milwaukee</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Pere_Marquette_18" title="SS Pere Marquette 18">SS <i>Pere Marquette 18</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/SS_Marquette_%26_Bessemer_No._2" title="SS Marquette & Bessemer No. 2">SS <i>Marquette & Bessemer No. 2</i></a>, have been lost on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>. These losses, though causes remain unconfirmed, were attributed to seas boarding the unprotected stern of the ship and swamping it in a severe storm. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Drawbridge" title="Drawbridge">seagates</a> were required on all new ships and required to be retrofitted on older vessels. In addition, two wooden cross-lake railroad ferries caught fire and burned. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Docking_ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loaded train ferry approaches dock in Detroit, Michigan, United States in April 1943."><img alt="Loaded train ferry approaches dock in Detroit, Michigan, United States in April 1943." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Docking_ferry.jpg/315px-Docking_ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Docking_ferry.jpg/473px-Docking_ferry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Docking_ferry.jpg/630px-Docking_ferry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Loaded train ferry approaches dock in <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a>, United States in April 1943.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:69th-st-transfer-bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge"><img alt="The New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/69th-st-transfer-bridge.jpg/320px-69th-st-transfer-bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/69th-st-transfer-bridge.jpg/481px-69th-st-transfer-bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/69th-st-transfer-bridge.jpg/641px-69th-st-transfer-bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad_69th_Street_Transfer_Bridge" title="New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge">New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Train_ferry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa,_San_Francisco_(CJ_Allen,_Steel_Highway,_1928).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Locomotive with slopeback tender, loading the Sunset Limited onto the train-ferry Solano at Port Costa, San Francisco, Southern Pacific R.R."><img alt="Locomotive with slopeback tender, loading the Sunset Limited onto the train-ferry Solano at Port Costa, San Francisco, Southern Pacific R.R." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/424px-Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/636px-Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/847px-Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">Locomotive</a> with <a href="/wiki/Slopeback_tender" class="mw-redirect" title="Slopeback tender">slopeback tender</a>, loading the <i>Sunset Limited</i> onto the train-ferry <i>Solano</i> at <a href="/wiki/Port_Costa,_California" title="Port Costa, California">Port Costa</a>, San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific R.R.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yard_and_ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Classification yard and two docking train ferries in Detroit, April 1943. A third ferry slip can be seen at the bottom of the photograph."><img alt="Classification yard and two docking train ferries in Detroit, April 1943. A third ferry slip can be seen at the bottom of the photograph." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yard_and_ferry.jpg/294px-Yard_and_ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yard_and_ferry.jpg/442px-Yard_and_ferry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Yard_and_ferry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Classification_yard" title="Classification yard">Classification yard</a> and two docking train ferries in Detroit, April 1943. A third <a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">ferry slip</a> can be seen at the bottom of the photograph.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:060-EA-009_on_the_way_to_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A CFR Class EA locomotive being loaded into the Trelleborg-Sassnitz railway ferry on its way from Västerås, Sweden to Brașov, Romania, 1966"><img alt="A CFR Class EA locomotive being loaded into the Trelleborg-Sassnitz railway ferry on its way from Västerås, Sweden to Brașov, Romania, 1966" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/060-EA-009_on_the_way_to_Romania.jpg/338px-060-EA-009_on_the_way_to_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/060-EA-009_on_the_way_to_Romania.jpg/507px-060-EA-009_on_the_way_to_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/060-EA-009_on_the_way_to_Romania.jpg/675px-060-EA-009_on_the_way_to_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/CFR_Class_EA" class="mw-redirect" title="CFR Class EA">CFR Class EA</a> locomotive being loaded into the <a href="/wiki/Trelleborg" title="Trelleborg">Trelleborg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sassnitz" title="Sassnitz">Sassnitz</a> railway ferry on its way from Västerås, Sweden to Brașov, Romania, 1966</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NM_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MV Georges-Alexandre-Lebel[28] train ferry of the COGEMA in Matane, Canada"><img alt="MV Georges-Alexandre-Lebel[28] train ferry of the COGEMA in Matane, Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NM_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel.jpg/300px-NM_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NM_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel.jpg/451px-NM_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/NM_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel.jpg/600px-NM_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1765" data-file-height="1324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Georges-Alexandre-Lebel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MV Georges-Alexandre-Lebel (page does not exist)">MV <i>Georges-Alexandre-Lebel</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> train ferry of the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_gestion_de_Matane" title="Compagnie de gestion de Matane">COGEMA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Matane" title="Matane">Matane</a>, Canada</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Train ferry and roll-on/roll-off between Calabria and Sicily"><img alt="Train ferry and roll-on/roll-off between Calabria and Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg/169px-101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg/253px-101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg/337px-101031_Italie_sud_128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Train ferry and roll-on/roll-off between <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/400px-seek%3D370-Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="267" height="150" data-durationhint="386" data-mwtitle="Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry,_Strait_of_Messina,_Italy.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm/Loading_and_unloading_operations_of_a_RORO_passenger_train_ferry%2C_Strait_of_Messina%2C_Italy.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Loading and unloading operations of a RORO passenger train ferry, <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Messina" title="Strait of Messina">Strait of Messina</a>, Italy</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Train_ferry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/47px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/62px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trains" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_slip" title="Ferry slip">Ferry slip</a> (includes examples of rail ferry and barge slips)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkspan" title="Linkspan">Linkspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_road-rail_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of road-rail bridges">List of road-rail bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage_railway" title="Portage railway">Portage railway</a>, section of railway used to bypass a section of unnavigable river</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Badger" title="SS Badger">SS <i>Badger</i></a>, passenger and vehicle ferry in the United States that has been in Lake Michigan service from 1953 until the present</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Train_ferry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wartsila-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wartsila_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wartsila.com/encyclopedia/term/train-ferry">"Train ferry"</a>. <i>Wartsila.com</i>. 2016-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wartsila.com&rft.atitle=Train+ferry&rft.date=2016-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wartsila.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fterm%2Ftrain-ferry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p595-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p595_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p595_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrodie2013" class="citation book cs1">Brodie, Peter (2013-09-05). <i>Commercial Shipping Handbook, Second Edition</i>. CRC Press. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-85960-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-85960-4"><bdi>978-1-317-85960-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commercial+Shipping+Handbook%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft.isbn=978-1-317-85960-4&rft.aulast=Brodie&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodson1898" class="citation journal cs1">Hodson, John C. (April 1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/48cb48a921558d39/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1984">"Car Ferries"</a>. <i>Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly</i>. <b>15</b> (88): <span class="nowrap">443–</span>447.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strand+Magazine%3A+An+Illustrated+Monthly&rft.atitle=Car+Ferries&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=88&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E443-%3C%2Fspan%3E447&rft.date=1898-04&rft.aulast=Hodson&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2F48cb48a921558d39%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D1984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olin1915-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-olin1915_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlin1915" class="citation web cs1">Olin, Edward W (September 1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cprr.org/Museum/Solano/images/I_ACCEPT_the_User_Agreement/Solano-PlansModelPckg/InternationalMarineEngineeringArticles/IntMarineEng_Sep1915.pdf">"Side-Wheel Car Ferry Contra Costa: Details of Design and Construction of Largest Side-Wheel Train Ferrv in the World"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>cprr.org</i>. International Marine Engineering. pp. <span class="nowrap">387–</span>394<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cprr.org&rft.atitle=Side-Wheel+Car+Ferry+Contra+Costa%3A+Details+of+Design+and+Construction+of+Largest+Side-Wheel+Train+Ferrv+in+the+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E394&rft.date=1915-09&rft.aulast=Olin&rft.aufirst=Edward+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcprr.org%2FMuseum%2FSolano%2Fimages%2FI_ACCEPT_the_User_Agreement%2FSolano-PlansModelPckg%2FInternationalMarineEngineeringArticles%2FIntMarineEng_Sep1915.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennessey2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hennessey, R. A. S. (November 2016). "The train ferries". <i>Backtrack</i>. <b>30</b> (11): 660.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Backtrack&rft.atitle=The+train+ferries.&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=660&rft.date=2016-11&rft.aulast=Hennessey&rft.aufirst=R.+A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall-Guinness-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall-Guinness_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall-Guinness_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall-Guinness_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(railway_historian)" title="John Marshall (railway historian)">Marshall, John</a> (1989). <i>The Guinness Railway Book</i>. Enfield: Guinness Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8511-2359-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8511-2359-7"><bdi>0-8511-2359-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24175552">24175552</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Railway+Book&rft.place=Enfield&rft.pub=Guinness+Books&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24175552&rft.isbn=0-8511-2359-7&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d526-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d526_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d526_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggs2014" class="citation book cs1">Maggs, Colin (2014-09-15). <i>Steam Trains</i>. Amberley Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-3283-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-3283-4"><bdi>978-1-4456-3283-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam+Trains&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2014-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-3283-4&rft.aulast=Maggs&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h225-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h225_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen2023" class="citation book cs1">Olsen, Alexander Arnfinn (2023-01-24). <i>Merchant Ship Types</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-83120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-83120-7"><bdi>978-1-000-83120-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchant+Ship+Types&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2023-01-24&rft.isbn=978-1-000-83120-7&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Arnfinn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forth-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forth_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forth_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grantonhistory.org/transport/train_ferry.htm">"Forth Place"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205603/http://www.grantonhistory.org/transport/train_ferry.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forth+Place&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grantonhistory.org%2Ftransport%2Ftrain_ferry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Parker_Bidder" class="mw-redirect" title="George Parker Bidder">George Parker Bidder</a>; not to be confused with the lawyer (his son) who represented Bouch at the Tay Bridge Inquiry</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/imotp.1881.22152.pdf">"Memoirs of Deceased Members"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers</i>. PART 1. <b>63</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">301–</span>8. January 1881. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1753-7843">1753-7843</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minutes+of+the+Proceedings+of+the+Institution+of+Civil+Engineers&rft.atitle=Memoirs+of+Deceased+Members&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E301-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1881-01&rft.issn=1753-7843&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icevirtuallibrary.com%2Fdocserver%2Ffulltext%2Fimotp.1881.22152.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shipway, J.S. (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/s/scotland_street_tunnel/index.shtml">"Subterranea Britannica: Sites:Scotland Street Tunnel"</a>. <i>subbrit.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924063948/http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/s/scotland_street_tunnel/index.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=subbrit.org.uk&rft.atitle=Subterranea+Britannica%3A+Sites%3AScotland+Street+Tunnel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.subbrit.org.uk%2Fsb-sites%2Fsites%2Fs%2Fscotland_street_tunnel%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62215901">"News of the Week"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bathurst_Free_Press_and_Mining_Journal" title="The Bathurst Free Press and Mining Journal">Bathurst Free Press</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bathurst,_New_South_Wales" title="Bathurst, New South Wales">Bathurst, New South Wales</a>: National Library of Australia. 10 August 1850. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bathurst+Free+Press&rft.atitle=News+of+the+Week&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1850-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article62215901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipway2004" class="citation book cs1">Shipway, J.S. (2004). <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shipway&rft.aufirst=J.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h755-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h755_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2024" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Anthony (2024-10-30). <i>Taking the Train</i>. Pen and Sword Transport. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3990-3674-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3990-3674-0"><bdi>978-1-3990-3674-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taking+the+Train&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Transport&rft.date=2024-10-30&rft.isbn=978-1-3990-3674-0&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q022-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q022_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobins2012" class="citation book cs1">Robins, Nick (2012-10-10). <i>The Coming of the Comet</i>. Seaforth Publishing. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-1328-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-1328-1"><bdi>978-1-4738-1328-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Comet&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-1328-1&rft.aulast=Robins&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambert-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2016" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, Anthony (2016-05-05). <i>The 50 Greatest Train Journeys of the World</i>. Icon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78578-066-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78578-066-0"><bdi>978-1-78578-066-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+50+Greatest+Train+Journeys+of+the+World&rft.pub=Icon+Books&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft.isbn=978-1-78578-066-0&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o624-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-o624_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJung2022" class="citation book cs1">Jung, Joseph (2022-09-16). <i>The Laboratory of Progress</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-68327-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-68327-1"><bdi>978-1-000-68327-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Laboratory+of+Progress&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1-000-68327-1&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Andrew (2014-09-04). <i>Belles and Whistles</i>. London: Profile Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-025-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-025-2"><bdi>978-1-78283-025-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belles+and+Whistles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2014-09-04&rft.isbn=978-1-78283-025-2&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n553-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n553_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane2011" class="citation book cs1">Lane, Anthony (2011-02-15). <i>Front Line Harbour</i>. Amberley Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-2008-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-2008-4"><bdi>978-1-4456-2008-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Front+Line+Harbour&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-2008-4&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w632-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-w632_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPring2021" class="citation book cs1">Pring, Martyn (2021-01-18). <i>Boat Trains: The English Channel & Ocean Liner Specials</i>. Pen and Sword Transport. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-6193-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-6193-4"><bdi>978-1-5267-6193-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boat+Trains%3A+The+English+Channel+%26+Ocean+Liner+Specials&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Transport&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-6193-4&rft.aulast=Pring&rft.aufirst=Martyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i543-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i543_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maritimecyprus.com/2023/09/29/flashback-in-maritime-history-toya-maru-japanese-ferry-sinking-resulting-in-1500-deaths-26-sept-1954-6/">"Flashback in maritime history: Toya Maru Japanese ferry sinking, resulting in 1500 deaths, 26 Sept. 1954"</a>. <i>MaritimeCyprus</i>. 2023-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MaritimeCyprus&rft.atitle=Flashback+in+maritime+history%3A+Toya+Maru+Japanese+ferry+sinking%2C+resulting+in+1500+deaths%2C+26+Sept.+1954&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaritimecyprus.com%2F2023%2F09%2F29%2Fflashback-in-maritime-history-toya-maru-japanese-ferry-sinking-resulting-in-1500-deaths-26-sept-1954-6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q610-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q610_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rail-pass.com/train-ferry-ferry-train">"A train ferry is a ship (ferry) designed to carry railway vehicles. Typically, one level of the ship is fitted with railway tracks, and the vessel has a door at the front and/or rear to give access to the wharf"</a>. <i>www.Rail-Pass.com</i>. 1954-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.Rail-Pass.com&rft.atitle=A+train+ferry+is+a+ship+%28ferry%29+designed+to+carry+railway+vehicles.+Typically%2C+one+level+of+the+ship+is+fitted+with+railway+tracks%2C+and+the+vessel+has+a+door+at+the+front+and%2For+rear+to+give+access+to+the+wharf.&rft.date=1954-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rail-pass.com%2Ftrain-ferry-ferry-train&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w567-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-w567_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory1976" class="citation book cs1">Gregory, Hollingsworth Franklin (1976). <i>The Helicopter</i>. South Brunswick: A. S. Barnes. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-498-01670-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-498-01670-7"><bdi>978-0-498-01670-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Helicopter&rft.place=South+Brunswick&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=A.+S.+Barnes&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-498-01670-7&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Hollingsworth+Franklin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeil" class="citation news cs1">McNeil, Greg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/canada/cape-breton-post/20100417/281891589474001">"Remembering the sinking of the Patrick Morris"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+sinking+of+the+Patrick+Morris&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fcanada%2Fcape-breton-post%2F20100417%2F281891589474001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m027-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m027_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ship-technology.com/projects/skane/">"Skåne Multipurpose Ro-Ro/Train Ferry"</a>. <i>Ship Technology</i>. 2000-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ship+Technology&rft.atitle=Sk%C3%A5ne+Multipurpose+Ro-Ro%2FTrain+Ferry&rft.date=2000-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ship-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fskane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrain+ferry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/GEORGES-A-LEBEL-IMO-7401021-MMSI-316005786">MV Georges-Alexandre-Lebe</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Train_ferry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External 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href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Cargo ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">Freight transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">Merchant marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_line" title="Shipping line">Shipping line</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A reefer"><img alt="A reefer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/80px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/120px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/160px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Dry cargo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">Barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_carrier" title="Bulk carrier">Bulk carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_float" title="Car float">Car float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_boat" title="Chain boat">Chain boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_trading_vessel" title="Coastal trading vessel">Coastal trading vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">Container ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy-lift_ship" title="Heavy-lift ship">Heavy-lift ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_barge" title="Hopper barge">Hopper barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighter_aboard_ship" title="Lighter aboard ship">Lighter aboard ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_carrier" title="Livestock carrier">Livestock carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reefer_ship" title="Reefer ship">Reefer ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Train ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">Tankers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_tanker" title="Chemical tanker">Chemical tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_production_storage_and_offloading" title="Floating production storage and offloading">Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_carrier" title="Gas carrier">Gas carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_tanker" title="Hydrogen tanker">Hydrogen tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LNG_carrier" title="LNG carrier">LNG carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">Oil tanker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">Passenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_liner" title="Cargo liner">Cargo liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruise ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiseferry" title="Cruiseferry">Cruiseferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowboat" title="Narrowboat">Narrowboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Train ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_handling_tug_supply_vessel" title="Anchor handling tug supply vessel">Anchor handling tug supply vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_support_vessel" title="Diving support vessel">Diving support vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_tow_vessel" title="Emergency tow vessel">Emergency tow vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">Fireboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_supply_vessel" title="Platform supply vessel">Platform supply vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusher_(boat)" title="Pusher (boat)">Pusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_tug" title="Salvage tug">Salvage tug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_tender" title="Ship's tender">Tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Tugboat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_layer" title="Cable layer">Cable layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">Dredger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drillship" title="Drillship">Drillship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_restaurant" title="Floating restaurant">Floating restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_submarine" title="Merchant submarine">Merchant submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco-submarine" title="Narco-submarine">Narco-submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe-laying_ship" title="Pipe-laying ship">Pipe-laying ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">Research vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverboat" title="Riverboat">Riverboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-submersible" title="Semi-submersible">Semi-submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snagboat" title="Snagboat">Snagboat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affreightment" title="Affreightment">Affreightment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Shipping" title="International Chamber of Shipping">International Chamber of Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_merchant_navy_capacity_by_country" title="List of merchant navy capacity by country">List of merchant navy capacity by country</a></li></ul> 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